Concurrent Ruby - `ReentrantReadWriteLock` read-count overflow grants a write lock without exclusivity

Summary Concurrent::ReentrantReadWriteLock can incorrectly grant a write lock after one thread acquires the read lock 32,768 times. The lock stores a thread's local read and write hold counts in one integer. The low 15 bits are used for the read hold count, and bit 15 is used as WRITELOCKHELD...

katello - missing repository authorization in content_uploads exposes cross-product content existence

A flaw was found in Katello's of Red Hat Satellite. A content upload functionality where insufficient authorization checks in the ContentUploadsController allowed users with the editproducts permission to query content information for repositories outside the products they were authorized to...

Avo - Missing Authorization in Avo Association Attach Endpoint Allows Unauthorized Relationship Manipulation and Privilege Escalation

Summary A critical missing authorization flaw exists in Avo's association attach workflow. The UI and GET /resources/:resource/:id/:related/new path can check attach?, but the actual write endpoint, POST /resources/:resource/:id/:related, does not run the same authorization check before mutating...

Savon::Model evaluates WSDL operation names as Ruby source

Savon::Model generated SOAP operation methods by interpolating operation names into Ruby source passed to moduleeval. An attacker who can control the operation names of a WSDL, can inject Ruby code that executes in the application process. This affects only the .alloperations class method provide...

Net::IMAP: Command Injection via non-synchronizing literal in "raw" argument

Several Net::IMAP commands accept a "raw data" argument that is sent verbatim after validation to prevent command injection. However, if a server does not support non-synchronizing literals, it may still be possible to inject arbitrary IMAP commands inside non-synchronizing literals. Details Raw...

DFVULN-839 - Use-After-Free in MessagePack::Buffer#clear Enables Cross-Buffer Disclosure

Summary MessagePack::Bufferclear shifts out every chunk and returns its 4 KiB rmem page to the shared pool, but does not reset the buffer's rmem cursor rmemlast, rmemend, rmemowner. The next write sees "unused rmem space" left over from the freed page and hands back a slice of memory that has...

Net::IMAP: Denial of Service via incomplete raw argument validation

Summary Several Net::IMAP commands accept a raw string argument which is only validated to prevent CRLF injection and then sent verbatim. If this string is derived from user-controlled input, an attacker can force the next command to be absorbed as a continuation of the first command. This will...

Net::IMAP: Command Injection via ID command argument

Summary Two Net::IMAP commands, id and enable, do not validate their arguments. Arguments to either command could be used by an attacker to inject arbitrary IMAP commands. Please note that passing untrusted inputs to these commands is usually inappropriate and expected to be uncommon. Details Whe...

Use-After-Free in SQLite Aggregate Function Callbacks

Summary Using Databasecreateaggregate, createaggregatehandler, or Databasedefineaggregator to define an aggregate function, and then using an open statement calling that function after the database has been explicitly closed will result in an invalid memory read and a segmentation fault. Severity...

Use-After-Free When Redefining SQLite Functions with Different Arity

Summary Using Databasecreatefunction or Databasedefinefunction to define the same function name more than once with different numbers of arguments "arity" or text encodings will result in a invalid memory read and a segmentation fault. Severity The sqlite3-ruby repo maintainers assess this as Low...

OAuth2::Client#request: Protocol-relative redirect Location overrides authority, leaking bearer Authorization to attacker host

Summary When an application uses OAuth2::Client typically via an OAuth2::AccessToken and the configured authorization server returns a redirect whose Location header is a protocol-relative URI of the form //attacker.example/leak, OAuth2::Clientrequest resolves the redirect with...

Cross-origin OAuth token-request redirects can expose signed request metadata

Summary When an application uses OAuth::Consumer to request OAuth 1.0 request tokens or access tokens, the token request helper follows 300..399 redirects returned by the OAuth server. In affected versions, OAuth::Consumertokenrequest parses the raw Location header, follows the redirect...

Dynamic Client Registration feature creates public clients with client_secret

Impact The DynamicClientRegistrationControllerregister action hard-codes confidential: false when creating applications dynamicclientregistrationcontroller.rb:18-25, yet the response includes a clientsecret and advertises tokenendpointauthmethodssupported: "clientsecretbasic", "clientsecretpost"...

Memory exhaustion via abuse of protocol length headers

Impact The frame format in draft versions of the WebSocket protocol includes a length header that allows an arbitrarily large integer to be encoded as a sequence of bytes with the high bit set. By sending an indefinite sequence of bytes with values 0x80 or above, a server or client can make the...

Reused Component Instances Retain Stale Render Context

Summary ViewComponent::Base instances retain multiple render-scoped objects across calls to renderin. If the same component, collection, or spacer component instance is reused across requests, users, tenants, or threads, later renders can use stale helpers, controller, request, viewflow,...

around_render HTML-Safety Bypass

Summary ViewComponent::Basearoundrender can return HTML-unsafe strings that bypass the escaping behavior applied to normal call return values. This creates an XSS risk when downstream applications use aroundrender to wrap, replace, instrument, or conditionally return content that includes...

Resource limit bypass via message compression

Impact If this library is used in tandem with the permessage-deflate extension, a WebSocket server or client can be made to accept messages that are larger than the configured maximum message size. This is because this limit is checked against the message frames' length headers, which give the si...

Memory exhaustion in HTTP header parser

Impact If this library is used to implement a WebSocket server on top of a TCP server rather than an HTTP server or framework using the WebSocket::Driver.server method, or, if it is used to complement a WebSocket client, then a peer can make a single connection consume an unbounded amount of memo...

CSP directive injection via sandbox, plugin_types, and report_to when given untrusted input

Summary secureheaders builds the Content-Security-Policy value by stitching every configured directive together with ; separators. Three directive builders buildsandboxlistdirective, buildmediatypelistdirective, buildreporttodirective interpolate caller-supplied strings into that value without...

redact additional sensitive/risky headers when following redirects

Impact The redirect follower middleware previously failed to strip a number of headers that are known to be sensitive and did not provide a way to provide a custom list of headers to strip. What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted? This could cause inadvertent leakage of sensitive data f...

Direct attachment upload endpoint lacks upload authorization and bypasses field-level upload policy

Summary Avo's direct attachment upload endpoint lacks server-side upload authorization and bypasses the documented field-level upload policy methods such as uploadFIELDID?. An authenticated Avo user who can reach the Avo attachment upload endpoint can replace or add attachment content, including...

SSRF and Local File Disclosure in `CssParser::Parser#read_remote_file`

Summary CssParser::Parserreadremotefile and therefore loaduri!, and the @import-following branch of addblock! issues HTTP/HTTPS requests against any host, port and URI it is handed, with no scheme allowlist, no host / IP filtering, and no protection against link-local, loopback or RFC‑1918...

Puma PROXY Protocol v1 Accepts Repeated Protocol Headers on Persistent Connections

Impact Puma is vulnerable to source IP spoofing when setremoteaddress proxyprotocol: :v1 is enabled and persistent connections are used. PROXY protocol v1 is a connection-level protocol. Support was added to Puma in v5.5.0. A proxy sends one PROXY header at the beginning of a TCP connection, befo...

CarrierWave has a denylisted_content_type bypass via Unescaped Regex Metacharacters

Summary CarrierWave's contenttypedenylist check fails to escape regex metacharacters in string entries, causing the denylist to silently not match the content types it is intended to block. Note: CarrierWave is aware contenttypedenylist is deprecated for the security reason, but it still used by...

Puma PROXY Protocol v1 Parser Allows Remote Memory Exhaustion

Impact PROXY protocol support for Puma was added in version 5.5.0. When PROXY protocol v1 support is enabled, Puma reads incoming bytes into an internal buffer. It waits for "\r\n" to determine whether a PROXY v1 line is present. If an attacker opens a TCP connection and continuously sends bytes...

CVE-2026-46727 - Use-after-free in pthread-based getaddrinfo timeout handler

SUMMARY A race condition leading to a use-after-free in the pthread-based getaddrinfo timeout handler rbgetaddrinfo in ext/socket/raddrinfo.c allows a remote attacker who can delay DNS responses near the user-specified timeout to crash a Ruby process that calls Addrinfo.getaddrinfo..., timeout: o...

Faraday has a possible incomplete fix for GHSA-33mh-2634-fwr2 - protocol-relative URI objects still bypass host scoping

Summary Faraday::Connectionbuildexclusiveurl still allows protocol-relative host override when the request target is provided as a URI object instead of a String. This bypasses the February 2026 fix for GHSA-33mh-2634-fwr2 and can redirect a request built from a fixed-base Faraday::Connection to ...

ruby-jwt: Empty-key HMAC bypass; cross-language sibling of CVE-2026-44351

JWT.decodetoken, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256' accepts an attacker-forged token. OpenSSL::HMAC.digest'SHA256', '', payload returns a valid digest under an empty key, and no raise InvalidKeyError if key.empty? precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. JWT.decodetoken, "", true, algorithm: 'HS256' ...

Devise has an Open Redirect via Unvalidated `request.referrer` in Timeoutable Session Timeout Handler

Summary When the Timeoutable module is enabled in Devise, the FailureAppredirecturl method returns request.referrer — the HTTP Referer header, which is attacker-controllable — without validation for any non-GET request that results in a session timeout. An attacker who hosts a page with an...

view_component - Preview Route Can Dispatch Inherited Helper Methods'

The preview route derives an example name from the URL and calls it with publicsend. The code does not verify that the requested method is one of the preview examples explicitly defined by the preview class. As a result, inherited public methods on ViewComponent::Preview are route-reachable. The...

view_component - System Test Entry Point Path Check Allows Sibling Directory Escape

The system test entrypoint canonicalizes a user-controlled file path with File.realpath, then checks whether the resolved path starts with the temp directory path. This is not a safe containment check because sibling directories can share the same string prefix. Severity: Medium; test-route scope...

Sidekiq-cron is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting (xss) vulnerability via crafted URL

Sidekiq-cron thru 2.3.1, an open-source scheduling add-on for Sidekiq, is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting xss vulnerability via crafted URL being rended from cron.erb...

Improper Certificate Validation allows MITM injection of remote CSS content

Summary The CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle MITM attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFYNONE, meaning any HTTPS certificate—even entirely untrusted—will...

Session cookies can be replayed after user logout

Impact Admin session cookies were not invalidated when an admin user logged out. An attacker with access to a valid admin session cookie could continue to access admin functionality after logout, until the cookie expired or session secrets were rotated. This affects applications using Koi admin...

net-imap vulnerable to command Injection via unvalidated Symbol inputs

Summary Symbol arguments to commands are vulnerable to a CRLF Injection / IMAP Command injection via Symbol arguments passed to IMAP commands. Details Symbol arguments represent IMAP "system flags", which are formatted as "atoms" with no quoting with a "" prefix. Vulnerable versions of Net::IMAP...

net-imap vulnerable to denial of service via high iteration count for `SCRAM-*` authentication

Summary When authenticating a connection with SCRAM-SHA1 or SCRAM-SHA256, a hostile server can perform a computational denial-of-service attack on the client process by sending a big iteration count value. Details A hostile IMAP server can send an arbitrarily large PBKDF2 iteration count in the...

net-imap has quadratic complexity when reading response literals

Summary Net::IMAP::ResponseReader has quadratic time complexity when reading large responses containing many string literals. A hostile server can send responses which are crafted to exhaust the client's CPU for a denial of service attack. Details For each literal in a response, ResponseReader...

net-imap vulnerable to command Injection via "raw" arguments to multiple commands

Summary Several Net::IMAP commands accept a raw string argument that is sent to the server without validation or escaping. If this string is derived from user-controlled input, it may contain contain CRLF sequences, which an attacker can use to inject arbitrary IMAP commands. Details Net::IMAP's...

net-imap vulnerable to STARTTLS stripping via invalid response timing

Summary A man-in-the-middle attacker can cause Net::IMAPstarttls to return "successfully", without starting TLS. Details When using Net::IMAPstarttls to upgrade a plaintext connection to use TLS, a man-in-the-middle attacker can inject a tagged OK response with an easily predictable tag. By sendi...

Broken Access Control Through Unauthorized Execution of Arbitrary Action Classes Across Resources

Summary A critical Broken Access Control vulnerability was identified in the ActionsController of the Avo framework v3.x. Due to insecure action lookup logic, an authenticated user can execute any Action class descendants of Avo::BaseAction on any resource, even if the action is not registered fo...

OpenC3 COSMOS has SQL Injection in QuestDB Time-Series Database

Vulnerability Type: CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command 'SQL Injection' Attack type: Authenticated remote Impact: Telemetry data disclosure and deletion Affected components: openc3-tsdb QuestDB A SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Time-Series Database...

OpenC3 COSMOS allows arbitrary writes to plugins directory via path-traversed config filenames

Summary OpenC3 COSMOS contains a design flaw in the savetoolconfig function that allows saving tool configuration files at arbitrary locations inside the shared /plugins directory tree by supplying crafted configuration filenames. Although the implementation sufficiently mitigates standard path...

OpenC3 COSMOS - Hijacked session token can be used to reset password for persistence

Summary The OpenC3 password change functionality allows a user to change their password without providing the old password, by accepting a valid session token instead. In assumed breach scenarios, this behaviour can be exploited by an attacker who has already obtained a valid session token, to ga...

OpenC3 COSMOS is Vulnerable to Self-XSS Through the Command Sender

Summary The Command Sender UI uses an unsafe eval function on array-like command parameters, which allows a user-supplied payload to execute in the browser when sending a command. This creates a self-XSS risk because an attacker can trigger their own script execution in the victim’s session, if...

ERB has an @_init deserialization guard bypass via def_module / def_method / def_class

ERB implements an @init guard to prevent code execution when ERB objects are reconstructed via Marshal.load on untrusted data. However, ERBdefmethod, ERBdefmodule, and ERBdefclass evaluate the template source without checking this guard, allowing an attacker who controls the data passed to...

Possible arbitrary path traversal and file access via yard server

Impact A path traversal vulnerability was discovered in YARD = 0.9.41 when using yard server to serve documentation. This bug would allow unsanitized HTTP requests to access arbitrary files on the machine of a yard server host under certain conditions. The original patch in GHSA-xfhh-rx56-rxcr wa...

Decidim's comments API allows access to all commentable resources

Impact The root level commentable field in the API allows access to all commentable resources within the platform, without any permission checks. All Decidim instances are impacted that have not secured the /api endpoint. The /api endpoint is publicly available with the default configuration...

Uncontrolled resource consumption and loop with unreachable exit condition in facil.io and downstream iodine ruby gem

Summary fiojsonparse can enter an infinite loop when it encounters a nested JSON value starting with i or I. The process spins in user space and pegs one CPU core at 100 instead of returning a parse error. Because iodine gem vendors the same parser code, the issue also affects iodine gem when it...

Decidim amendments can be accepted or rejected by anyone

Impact The vulnerability allows any registered and authenticated user to accept or reject any amendments. The impact is on any users who have created proposals where the amendments feature is enabled. This also elevates the user accepting the amendment as the author of the original proposal as...

Decidim's comments API allows access to all commentable resources

Impact The root level commentable field in the API allows access to all commentable resources within the platform, without any permission checks. All Decidim instances are impacted that have not secured the /api endpoint. The /api endpoint is publicly available with the default configuration...