Rack:: Static header_rules bypass via URL-encoded paths

Summary Rack::Staticapplicablerules evaluates several headerrules types against the raw URL-encoded PATHINFO, while the underlying file-serving path is decoded before the file is served. As a result, a request for a URL-encoded variant of a static path can serve the same file without the headers...

Rack has quadratic complexity in Rack::Utils.select_best_encoding via wildcard Accept-Encoding header

Summary Rack::Utils.selectbestencoding processes Accept-Encoding values with quadratic time complexity when the header contains many wildcard entries. Because this method is used by Rack::Deflater to choose a response encoding, an unauthenticated attacker can send a single request with a crafted...

Rack has Content-Length mismatch in Rack::Files error responses

Summary Rack::Filesfail sets the Content-Length response header using Stringsize instead of Stringbytesize. When the response body contains multibyte UTF-8 characters, the declared Content-Length is smaller than the number of bytes actually sent on the wire. Because Rack::Files reflects the...

Ruby LSP has arbitrary code execution through branch setting

Summary The rubyLsp.branch VS Code workspace setting was interpolated without sanitization into a generated Gemfile, allowing arbitrary Ruby code execution when a user opens a project containing a malicious .vscode/settings.json. Other editors that support workspace setting that get automatically...

MCP Ruby SDK - Insufficient Session Binding Allows SSE Stream Hijacking via Session ID Replay

Summary The Ruby SDK's streamablehttptransport.rb implementation contains a session hijacking vulnerability. An attacker who obtains a valid session ID can completely hijack the victim's Server-Sent Events SSE stream and intercept all real-time data. Details Root Cause The StreamableHTTPTransport...

Rails Active Storage has a possible DoS vulnerability in proxy mode via multi-range requests

Impact Active Storage’s proxy controller does not limit the number of byte ranges in an HTTP Range header. A request with thousands of small ranges causes disproportionate CPU usage compared to a normal request for the same file, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability...

iCalendar has ICS injection via unsanitized URI property values

Summary .ics serialization does not properly sanitize URI property values, enabling ICS injection through attacker-controlled input, adding arbitrary calendar lines to the output. Details Icalendar::Values::Uri falls back to the raw input string when URI.parse fails and later serializes it with...

Rails has a possible XSS vulnerability in its Action View tag helpers

Impact When a blank string is used as an HTML attribute name in Action View tag helpers, the attribute escaping is bypassed, producing malformed HTML. A carefully crafted attribute value could then be misinterpreted by the browser as a separate attribute name, possibly leading to XSS. Application...

Rails Active Support has a possible ReDoS vulnerability in number_to_delimited

Impact NumberToDelimitedConverter used a regular expression with gsub! to insert thousands delimiters. This could produce quadratic time complexity on long digit strings. Releases The fixed releases are available at the normal locations...

Rails has a possible XSS vulnerability in its Action Pack debug exceptions

Impact The debug exceptions page does not properly escape exception messages. A carefully crafted exception message could inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript into the page, leading to XSS. This affects applications with detailed exception pages enabled config.considerallrequestslocal = true, whi...

Rails Active Support has a possible XSS vulnerability in SafeBuffer#%

Impact SafeBuffer% does not propagate the @htmlunsafe flag to the newly created buffer. If a SafeBuffer is mutated in place e.g. via gsub! and then formatted with % using untrusted arguments, the result incorrectly reports htmlsafe? == true, bypassing ERB auto-escaping and possibly leading to XSS...

Rails Active Storage has possible Path Traversal in DiskService

Impact Active Storage's DiskServicepathfor does not validate that the resolved filesystem path remains within the storage root directory. If a blob key containing path traversal sequences e.g. ../ is used, it could allow reading, writing, or deleting arbitrary files on the server. Blob keys are...

Rails Active Storage has possible content type bypass via metadata in direct uploads

Impact Active Storage's DirectUploadsController accepts arbitrary metadata from the client and persists it on the blob. Because internal flags like identified and analyzed are stored in the same metadata hash, a malicious direct-upload client could set these flags. Releases The fixed releases are...

Rails Active Support has a possible DoS vulnerability in its number helpers

Impact Active Support number helpers accept strings containing scientific notation e.g. 1e10000, which when converted to a string could be expanded into extremely large decimal representations. This can cause excessive memory allocation and CPU consumption when the expanded number is formatted,...

Rails Active Storage has a possible DoS vulnerability when in proxy mode via Range requests

Impact When serving files through Active Storage's Blobs::ProxyController, the controller loads the entire requested byte range into memory before sending it. A request with a large or unbounded Range header e.g. bytes=0- could cause the server to allocate memory proportional to the file size,...

Rails Active Storage has possible glob injection in its DiskService

Impact Active Storage's DiskServicedeleteprefixed passes blob keys directly to Dir.glob without escaping glob metacharacters. If a blob key contains attacker-controlled input or custom-generated keys with glob metacharacters, it may be possible to delete unintended files from the storage director...

Graphiti Affected by Arbitrary Method Execution via Unvalidated Relationship Names

Summary An arbitrary method execution vulnerability has been found which affects Graphiti's JSONAPI write functionality. An attacker can craft a malicious JSONAPI payload with arbitrary relationship names to invoke any public method on the underlying model instance, class or its associations...

Ruby JSON has a format string injection vulnerability

Impact A format string injection vulnerability than that lead to denial of service attacks or information disclosure, when the allowduplicatekey: false parsing option is used to parse user supplied documents. This option isn't the default, if you didn't opt-in to use it, you are not impacted...

bcrypt-ruby has an Integer Overflow that Causes Zero Key-Strengthening Iterations at Cost=31 on JRuby

Impact An integer overflow in the Java BCrypt implementation for JRuby can cause zero iterations in the strengthening loop. Impacted applications must be setting the cost to 31 to see this happen. The JRuby implementation of bcrypt-ruby BCrypt.java computes the key-strengthening round count as a...

Avo has a XSS vulnerability on `return_to` param

Description A reflected cross-site scripting XSS vulnerability exists in the returnto query parameter used in the avo interface. An attacker can craft a malicious URL that injects arbitrary JavaScript, which is executed when he clicks a dynamically generated navigation button. Impact This...

Katello - Denial of Service and potential information disclosure via SQL injection'

A flaw was found in the Katello plugin for Red Hat Satellite. This vulnerability, caused by improper sanitization of user-provided input, allows a remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands into the sortby parameter of the /api/hosts/bootcimages API endpoint. This can lead to a Denial of...

Confirmable "change email" race condition permits user to confirm email they have no access to

Impact A race condition in Devise's Confirmable module allows an attacker to confirm an email address they do not own. This affects any Devise application using the reconfirmable option the default when using Confirmable with email changes. By sending two concurrent email change requests, an...

sigstore-ruby verifier returns success for DSSE bundles with mismatched in-toto subject digest

Summary Sigstore::Verifierverify does not propagate the VerificationFailure returned by verifyintoto when the artifact digest does not match the digest in the in-toto attestation subject. As a result, verification of DSSE bundles containing in-toto statements returns VerificationSuccess regardles...

Camaleon CMS vulnerable to Path Traversal through AWS S3 uploader implementation

Camaleon CMS versions 2.4.5.0 through 2.9.1, prior to commit f54a77e, contain a path traversal vulnerability in the AWS S3 uploader implementation that allows authenticated users to read arbitrary files from the web server’s filesystem. The issue occurs in the downloadprivatefile functionality wh...

Buffer overflow vulnerability in Zlib::GzipReader

A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in Zlib::GzipReader. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2026-27820. We recommend upgrading the zlib gem. Details The zstreambufferungets function prepends caller-provided bytes ahead of previously produced output but fails to guarant...

rubyipmi is vulnerable to OS Command Injection through malicious usernames

A flaw was found in rubyipmi, a gem used in the Baseboard Management Controller BMC component of Red Hat Satellite. An authenticated attacker with host creation or update permissions could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious username for the BMC interface. This could lead to remote...

Stored XSS in Rack::Directory via javascript: filenames rendered into anchor href

Summary Rack::Directory generates an HTML directory index where each file entry is rendered as a clickable link. If a file exists on disk whose basename begins with the javascript: scheme e.g. javascript:alert1, the generated index includes an anchor whose href attribute is exactly...

Rack has a Directory Traversal via Rack:Directory

Summary Rack::Directory’s path check used a string prefix match on the expanded path. A request like /../rootexample/ can escape the configured root if the target path starts with the root string, allowing directory listing outside the intended root. Details In directory.rb,...

Faraday affected by SSRF via protocol-relative URL host override in build_exclusive_url

Impact Faraday's buildexclusiveurl method in lib/faraday/connection.rb uses Ruby's URImerge to combine the connection's base URL with a user-supplied path. Per RFC 3986, protocol-relative URLs e.g. //evil.com/path are treated as network-path references that override the base URL's host/authority...

Unauthenticated Spree Commerce users can access all guest addresses

Summary A critical IDOR vulnerability exists in Spree Commerce's guest checkout flow that allows any guest user to bind arbitrary guest addresses to their order by manipulating address ID parameters. This enables unauthorized access to other guests' personally identifiable information PII includi...

Unauthenticated Spree Commerce users can view completed guest orders by Order ID

Unauthenticated users can view completed guest orders by Order ID GHSL-2026-029 The OrdersControllershow action permits viewing completed guest orders by order number alone, without requiring the associated order token. Order lookup without enforcing token requirement in OrdersControllershow: rub...

Decidim's private data exports can lead to data leaks

Impact Private data exports can lead to data leaks in cases where the UUID generation causes collisions for the generated UUIDs. The bug was introduced by 13571 and affects Decidim versions 0.30.0 or newer currently 2025-09-23. This issue was discovered by running the following spec several times...

Decidim's private data exports can lead to data leaks

Impact Private data exports can lead to data leaks in cases where the UUID generation causes collisions for the generated UUIDs. The bug was introduced by 13571 and affects Decidim versions 0.30.0 or newer currently 2025-09-23. This issue was discovered by running the following spec several times...

foreman_kubevirt disables SSL verification if a Certificate Authority (CA) certificate is not explicitly set

A flaw was found in foremankubevirt. When configuring the connection to OpenShift, the system disables SSL verification if a Certificate Authority CA certificate is not explicitly set. This insecure default allows a remote attacker, capable of intercepting network traffic between Satellite and...

fog-kubevirt allows remote attacker to perform MITM attack due to disabled certificate validation

A flaw was found in fog-kubevirt. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a Man-in-the-Middle MITM attack due to disabled certificate validation. This enables the attacker to intercept and potentially alter sensitive communications between Satellite and OpenShift, resulting in...

AlchemyCMS - Authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) via eval injection in ResourcesHelper

Summary A vulnerability was discovered during a manual security audit of the AlchemyCMS source code. The application uses the Ruby eval function to dynamically execute a string provided by the resourcehandler.enginename attribute in Alchemy::ResourcesHelperresourceurlproxy. Details The...

openc3-api Vulnerable to Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

Summary OpenC3 COSMOS contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability reachable through the JSON-RPC API. When a JSON-RPC request uses the string form of certain APIs, attacker-controlled parameter text is parsed into values using Stringconverttovalue. For array-like inputs, converttovalu...

Spree API has Authenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) via Order Modification

Summary An Authenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference IDOR vulnerability was identified that allows an authenticated user to retrieve other users’ address information by modifying an existing order. By editing an order they legitimately own and manipulating address identifiers in the request,...

Spree API has Unauthenticated IDOR - Guest Address

Summary An Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference IDOR vulnerability was identified that allows an unauthenticated attacker to access guest address information without supplying valid credentials or session cookies. Details During testing, it was observed that all guest users can make a...

httparty Has Potential SSRF Vulnerability That Leads to API Key Leakage

Summary There may be an SSRF vulnerability in httparty. This issue can pose a risk of leaking API keys, and it can also allow third parties to issue requests to internal servers. Details When httparty receives a path argument that is an absolute URL, it ignores the baseuri field. As a result, if ...

AWS SDK for Ruby's S3 Encryption Client has a Key Commitment Issue

Summary S3 Encryption Client for Ruby is an open-source client-side encryption library used to facilitate writing and reading encrypted records to S3. When the encrypted data key EDK is stored in an "Instruction File" instead of S3's metadata record, the EDK is exposed to an "Invisible Salamander...

ALTCHA Proof-of-Work Vulnerable to Challenge Splicing and Replay

Impact A cryptographic semantic binding flaw in ALTCHA libraries allows challenge payload splicing, which may enable replay attacks. The HMAC signature does not unambiguously bind challenge parameters to the nonce, allowing an attacker to reinterpret a valid proof-of-work submission with a modifi...

Ruby-saml has a SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)

Summary Ruby-saml up to and including 1.12.4, there is an authentication bypass vulnerability because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-25292. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker...

Ruby-saml allows a Libxml2 Canonicalization error to bypass Digest/Signature validation

Summary Ruby-saml up to and including 1.12.4, there is an authentication bypass vulnerability because of an issue at libxml2 canonicalization process used by Nokogiri for document transformation. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. The vulnerability does not...

null pointer dereference vulnerability in mrubyc 3.4

A security vulnerability has been detected in mrubyc up to 3.4. This impacts the function mrbcrawrealloc of the file src/alloc.c. Such manipulation of the argument ptr leads to null pointer dereference. An attack has to be approached locally. The name of the patch is...

Use-after-realloc vulnerablity in mruby 3.4.0

A vulnerability has been found in mruby up to 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function sortcmp of the file src/array.c. Such manipulation leads to use after free. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is...

Out-of-bounds write vulnerability

A weakness has been identified in mruby 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function aryfillexec of the file mrbgems/mruby-array-ext/src/array.c. Executing manipulation of the argument start/length can lead to out-of-bounds write. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been ma...

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability through unescaped HTML attribute values

Impact The prosemirrortohtml gem is vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting XSS attacks through malicious HTML attribute values. While tag content is properly escaped, attribute values are not, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary JavaScript code. Who is impacted: - Any application using...

MQTT does not validate hostnames

A flaw was found in Rubygem MQTT. By default, the package used to not have hostname validation, resulting in possible Man-in-the-Middle MITM attack...

Rack is vulnerable to a memory-exhaustion DoS through unbounded URL-encoded body parsing

Summary Rack::RequestPOST reads the entire request body into memory for Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded, calling rack.input.readnil without enforcing a length or cap. Large request bodies can therefore be buffered completely into process memory before parsing, leading to denial of...