Oj - Stack Buffer Overflow in Oj.dump via Large Indent

Summary Oj.dump is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow when a large :indent value is provided by the developer. fillindent in dump.h calls memsetindentstr, ' ', sizetopts-indent without validating the size. When opts-indent is set to INTMAX 2,147,483,647, the sizet cast preserves the larg...

Oj - intern.c form_attr (uninitialized stack read)

Summary Oj.load in :object mode reads uninitialized stack memory and, for long keys, reads out of bounds when parsing a JSON object whose key is 254 bytes or longer. The interned bytes can surface to the caller, disclosing process stack memory. Impact Information disclosure of process stack memor...

Oj - Stack Buffer Overflow in Oj::Doc#each_child via Deeply Nested Input

Summary Oj::Doceachchild, when invoked recursively over a deeply nested JSON document, overflows a fixed-size stack buffer and aborts the process. This is a denial of service reachable from untrusted JSON. Impact Reliable denial of service: any endpoint that calls Oj::Doc.openuntrusted |d|...

Concurrent Ruby - ReadWriteLock allows wrong-thread write release and stray read-release counter corruption

Summary Concurrent::ReadWriteLockreleasewritelock does not verify that the calling thread acquired the write lock. Any thread with access to the lock object can release an active write lock held by another thread. A second writer can then enter its critical section while the first writer is still...

Concurrent Ruby - `ReentrantReadWriteLock` read-count overflow grants a write lock without exclusivity

Summary Concurrent::ReentrantReadWriteLock can incorrectly grant a write lock after one thread acquires the read lock 32,768 times. The lock stores a thread's local read and write hold counts in one integer. The low 15 bits are used for the read hold count, and bit 15 is used as WRITELOCKHELD...

Concurrent Ruby - `AtomicReference#update` livelocks when the stored value is `Float::NAN`

Summary Concurrent::AtomicReferenceupdate can enter a permanent busy retry loop when the current value is Float::NAN. The issue is caused by the interaction between: - AtomicReferenceupdate, which retries until compareandsetoldvalue, newvalue succeeds. - Numeric compareandset, which checks old ==...

Faraday - Uncontrolled recursion in NestedParamsEncoder allows stack exhaustion DoS via deeply nested query parameters

Uncontrolled Recursion in NestedParamsEncoder Allows Stack Exhaustion DoS via Deeply Nested Query Parameters Summary Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder, the default nested query parameter encoder/decoder in Faraday, decodes nested query strings without enforcing a maximum nesting depth. A crafted query...

katello - missing repository authorization in content_uploads exposes cross-product content existence

A flaw was found in Katello's of Red Hat Satellite. A content upload functionality where insufficient authorization checks in the ContentUploadsController allowed users with the editproducts permission to query content information for repositories outside the products they were authorized to...

Avo - Missing Authorization in Avo Association Attach Endpoint Allows Unauthorized Relationship Manipulation and Privilege Escalation

Summary A critical missing authorization flaw exists in Avo's association attach workflow. The UI and GET /resources/:resource/:id/:related/new path can check attach?, but the actual write endpoint, POST /resources/:resource/:id/:related, does not run the same authorization check before mutating...

Net::IMAP: Command Injection via non-synchronizing literal in "raw" argument

Several Net::IMAP commands accept a "raw data" argument that is sent verbatim after validation to prevent command injection. However, if a server does not support non-synchronizing literals, it may still be possible to inject arbitrary IMAP commands inside non-synchronizing literals. Details Raw...

Net::IMAP: Denial of Service via incomplete raw argument validation

Summary Several Net::IMAP commands accept a raw string argument which is only validated to prevent CRLF injection and then sent verbatim. If this string is derived from user-controlled input, an attacker can force the next command to be absorbed as a continuation of the first command. This will...

Net::IMAP: Command Injection via ID command argument

Summary Two Net::IMAP commands, id and enable, do not validate their arguments. Arguments to either command could be used by an attacker to inject arbitrary IMAP commands. Please note that passing untrusted inputs to these commands is usually inappropriate and expected to be uncommon. Details Whe...

Dynamic Client Registration feature creates public clients with client_secret

Impact The DynamicClientRegistrationControllerregister action hard-codes confidential: false when creating applications dynamicclientregistrationcontroller.rb:18-25, yet the response includes a clientsecret and advertises tokenendpointauthmethodssupported: "clientsecretbasic", "clientsecretpost"...

redact additional sensitive/risky headers when following redirects

Impact The redirect follower middleware previously failed to strip a number of headers that are known to be sensitive and did not provide a way to provide a custom list of headers to strip. What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted? This could cause inadvertent leakage of sensitive data f...

CarrierWave has a denylisted_content_type bypass via Unescaped Regex Metacharacters

Summary CarrierWave's contenttypedenylist check fails to escape regex metacharacters in string entries, causing the denylist to silently not match the content types it is intended to block. Note: CarrierWave is aware contenttypedenylist is deprecated for the security reason, but it still used by...

Puma PROXY Protocol v1 Parser Allows Remote Memory Exhaustion

Impact PROXY protocol support for Puma was added in version 5.5.0. When PROXY protocol v1 support is enabled, Puma reads incoming bytes into an internal buffer. It waits for "\r\n" to determine whether a PROXY v1 line is present. If an attacker opens a TCP connection and continuously sends bytes...

Puma PROXY Protocol v1 Accepts Repeated Protocol Headers on Persistent Connections

Impact Puma is vulnerable to source IP spoofing when setremoteaddress proxyprotocol: :v1 is enabled and persistent connections are used. PROXY protocol v1 is a connection-level protocol. Support was added to Puma in v5.5.0. A proxy sends one PROXY header at the beginning of a TCP connection, befo...

CVE-2026-46727 - Use-after-free in pthread-based getaddrinfo timeout handler

SUMMARY A race condition leading to a use-after-free in the pthread-based getaddrinfo timeout handler rbgetaddrinfo in ext/socket/raddrinfo.c allows a remote attacker who can delay DNS responses near the user-specified timeout to crash a Ruby process that calls Addrinfo.getaddrinfo..., timeout: o...

Faraday has a possible incomplete fix for GHSA-33mh-2634-fwr2 - protocol-relative URI objects still bypass host scoping

Summary Faraday::Connectionbuildexclusiveurl still allows protocol-relative host override when the request target is provided as a URI object instead of a String. This bypasses the February 2026 fix for GHSA-33mh-2634-fwr2 and can redirect a request built from a fixed-base Faraday::Connection to ...

ruby-jwt: Empty-key HMAC bypass; cross-language sibling of CVE-2026-44351

JWT.decodetoken, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256' accepts an attacker-forged token. OpenSSL::HMAC.digest'SHA256', '', payload returns a valid digest under an empty key, and no raise InvalidKeyError if key.empty? precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. JWT.decodetoken, "", true, algorithm: 'HS256' ...

view_component - System Test Entry Point Path Check Allows Sibling Directory Escape

The system test entrypoint canonicalizes a user-controlled file path with File.realpath, then checks whether the resolved path starts with the temp directory path. This is not a safe containment check because sibling directories can share the same string prefix. Severity: Medium; test-route scope...

Devise has an Open Redirect via Unvalidated `request.referrer` in Timeoutable Session Timeout Handler

Summary When the Timeoutable module is enabled in Devise, the FailureAppredirecturl method returns request.referrer — the HTTP Referer header, which is attacker-controllable — without validation for any non-GET request that results in a session timeout. An attacker who hosts a page with an...

view_component - Preview Route Can Dispatch Inherited Helper Methods'

The preview route derives an example name from the URL and calls it with publicsend. The code does not verify that the requested method is one of the preview examples explicitly defined by the preview class. As a result, inherited public methods on ViewComponent::Preview are route-reachable. The...

Improper Certificate Validation allows MITM injection of remote CSS content

Summary The CSS Parser gem does not validate HTTPS connections, allowing a Man-in-the-Middle MITM attacker to inject or modify CSS content when stylesheets are loaded via HTTPS. The connection is established with OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFYNONE, meaning any HTTPS certificate—even entirely untrusted—will...

Sidekiq-cron is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting (xss) vulnerability via crafted URL

Sidekiq-cron thru 2.3.1, an open-source scheduling add-on for Sidekiq, is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting xss vulnerability via crafted URL being rended from cron.erb...

Session cookies can be replayed after user logout

Impact Admin session cookies were not invalidated when an admin user logged out. An attacker with access to a valid admin session cookie could continue to access admin functionality after logout, until the cookie expired or session secrets were rotated. This affects applications using Koi admin...

net-imap vulnerable to STARTTLS stripping via invalid response timing

Summary A man-in-the-middle attacker can cause Net::IMAPstarttls to return "successfully", without starting TLS. Details When using Net::IMAPstarttls to upgrade a plaintext connection to use TLS, a man-in-the-middle attacker can inject a tagged OK response with an easily predictable tag. By sendi...

net-imap vulnerable to command Injection via unvalidated Symbol inputs

Summary Symbol arguments to commands are vulnerable to a CRLF Injection / IMAP Command injection via Symbol arguments passed to IMAP commands. Details Symbol arguments represent IMAP "system flags", which are formatted as "atoms" with no quoting with a "" prefix. Vulnerable versions of Net::IMAP...

net-imap has quadratic complexity when reading response literals

Summary Net::IMAP::ResponseReader has quadratic time complexity when reading large responses containing many string literals. A hostile server can send responses which are crafted to exhaust the client's CPU for a denial of service attack. Details For each literal in a response, ResponseReader...

net-imap vulnerable to command Injection via "raw" arguments to multiple commands

Summary Several Net::IMAP commands accept a raw string argument that is sent to the server without validation or escaping. If this string is derived from user-controlled input, it may contain contain CRLF sequences, which an attacker can use to inject arbitrary IMAP commands. Details Net::IMAP's...

net-imap vulnerable to denial of service via high iteration count for `SCRAM-*` authentication

Summary When authenticating a connection with SCRAM-SHA1 or SCRAM-SHA256, a hostile server can perform a computational denial-of-service attack on the client process by sending a big iteration count value. Details A hostile IMAP server can send an arbitrarily large PBKDF2 iteration count in the...

Broken Access Control Through Unauthorized Execution of Arbitrary Action Classes Across Resources

Summary A critical Broken Access Control vulnerability was identified in the ActionsController of the Avo framework v3.x. Due to insecure action lookup logic, an authenticated user can execute any Action class descendants of Avo::BaseAction on any resource, even if the action is not registered fo...

OpenC3 COSMOS has SQL Injection in QuestDB Time-Series Database

Vulnerability Type: CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command 'SQL Injection' Attack type: Authenticated remote Impact: Telemetry data disclosure and deletion Affected components: openc3-tsdb QuestDB A SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Time-Series Database...

OpenC3 COSMOS allows arbitrary writes to plugins directory via path-traversed config filenames

Summary OpenC3 COSMOS contains a design flaw in the savetoolconfig function that allows saving tool configuration files at arbitrary locations inside the shared /plugins directory tree by supplying crafted configuration filenames. Although the implementation sufficiently mitigates standard path...

OpenC3 COSMOS is Vulnerable to Self-XSS Through the Command Sender

Summary The Command Sender UI uses an unsafe eval function on array-like command parameters, which allows a user-supplied payload to execute in the browser when sending a command. This creates a self-XSS risk because an attacker can trigger their own script execution in the victim’s session, if...

OpenC3 COSMOS - Hijacked session token can be used to reset password for persistence

Summary The OpenC3 password change functionality allows a user to change their password without providing the old password, by accepting a valid session token instead. In assumed breach scenarios, this behaviour can be exploited by an attacker who has already obtained a valid session token, to ga...

ERB has an @_init deserialization guard bypass via def_module / def_method / def_class

ERB implements an @init guard to prevent code execution when ERB objects are reconstructed via Marshal.load on untrusted data. However, ERBdefmethod, ERBdefmodule, and ERBdefclass evaluate the template source without checking this guard, allowing an attacker who controls the data passed to...

Possible arbitrary path traversal and file access via yard server

Impact A path traversal vulnerability was discovered in YARD = 0.9.41 when using yard server to serve documentation. This bug would allow unsanitized HTTP requests to access arbitrary files on the machine of a yard server host under certain conditions. The original patch in GHSA-xfhh-rx56-rxcr wa...

Uncontrolled resource consumption and loop with unreachable exit condition in facil.io and downstream iodine ruby gem

Summary fiojsonparse can enter an infinite loop when it encounters a nested JSON value starting with i or I. The process spins in user space and pegs one CPU core at 100 instead of returning a parse error. Because iodine gem vendors the same parser code, the issue also affects iodine gem when it...

Decidim's comments API allows access to all commentable resources

Impact The root level commentable field in the API allows access to all commentable resources within the platform, without any permission checks. All Decidim instances are impacted that have not secured the /api endpoint. The /api endpoint is publicly available with the default configuration...

Decidim's comments API allows access to all commentable resources

Impact The root level commentable field in the API allows access to all commentable resources within the platform, without any permission checks. All Decidim instances are impacted that have not secured the /api endpoint. The /api endpoint is publicly available with the default configuration...

Decidim amendments can be accepted or rejected by anyone

Impact The vulnerability allows any registered and authenticated user to accept or reject any amendments. The impact is on any users who have created proposals where the amendments feature is enabled. This also elevates the user accepting the amendment as the author of the original proposal as...

ERB has an @_init deserialization guard bypass via def_module / def_method / def_class

ERB implements an @init guard to prevent code execution when ERB objects are reconstructed via Marshal.load on untrusted data. However, ERBdefmethod, ERBdefmodule, and ERBdefclass evaluate the template source without checking this guard, allowing an attacker who controls the data passed to...

Decidim has a cross-site scripting (XSS) in user name

Impact A stored code execution vulnerability in the user name field allows a low-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of any user who passively visits a comment page, resulting in high confidentiality and integrity impact across security boundaries. Patches N/A Workarounds...

bsv-sdk and bsv-wallet persist unverified certifier signatures in acquire_certificate (direct and issuance paths)

Unverified certifier signatures persisted by acquirecertificate Affected packages Both bsv-sdk and bsv-wallet are published from the sgbett/bsv-ruby-sdk repository. The vulnerable code lives in lib/bsv/walletinterface/walletclient.rb, which is physically shipped inside both gems the...

bsv-sdk and bsv-wallet persist unverified certifier signatures in acquire_certificate (direct and issuance paths)

Unverified certifier signatures persisted by acquirecertificate Affected packages Both bsv-sdk and bsv-wallet are published from the sgbett/bsv-ruby-sdk repository. The vulnerable code lives in lib/bsv/walletinterface/walletclient.rb, which is physically shipped inside both gems the...

bsv-sdk ARC broadcaster treats INVALID/MALFORMED/ORPHAN responses as successful broadcasts

ARC broadcaster treats failure statuses as successful broadcasts Summary BSV::Network::ARC's failure detection only recognises REJECTED and DOUBLESPENDATTEMPTED. ARC responses with txStatus values of INVALID, MALFORMED, MINEDINSTALEBLOCK, or any ORPHAN-containing extraInfo / txStatus are silently...

Rack::Session::Cookie secrets: decrypt failure fallback enables secretless session forgery and Marshal deserialization

'Rack::Session::Cookie incorrectly handles decryption failures when configured with secrets:. If cookie decryption fails, the implementation falls back to a default decoder instead of rejecting the cookie. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted...

Addressable has a Regular Expression Denial of Service in Addressable templates

Impact Within the URI template implementation in Addressable, two classes of URI template generate regular expressions vulnerable to catastrophic backtracking: 1. Templates using the explode modifier with any expansion operator e.g., foo, +var, var, /var, .var, ;var, ?var, &var generate patterns...

rdiscount has an Out-of-bounds Read

Summary A signed length truncation bug causes an out-of-bounds read in the default Markdown parse path. Inputs larger than INTMAX are truncated to a signed int before entering the native parser, allowing the parser to read past the end of the supplied buffer and crash the process. Details In both...