Polynomial-Time Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability

crmne/rubyllm at commit fa6f279847d6d7027814539d9c0dfc3bbdfd2a83 contains polynomial-time regular expression denial-of-service conditions in think-tag response parsing on Ruby 3.1.x. A malicious or anomalous model response containing many unterminated tags can cause excessive CPU consumption in t...

Polynomial-Time Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability

crmne/rubyllm at commit fa6f279847d6d7027814539d9c0dfc3bbdfd2a83 contains a polynomial-time regular expression denial-of-service condition in Mistral model capability matching on Ruby 3.1.x...

hammer_cli - Insecure interpolation of the $EDITOR environment variable

A flaw was found in rubygem-hammercli. A command injection vulnerability exists in Hammer CLI and the Railties Ruby on Rails component distributed with Satellite due to the insecure interpolation of the $EDITOR environment variable into the Ruby system method. By passing a single interpolated...

MongoDB Ruby Driver - Improper neutralization of special elements in data query logic in the GridFS component

Improper neutralization of special elements in data query logic in the GridFS component of the MongoDB Ruby Driver can cause a caller-supplied structured file identifier to be interpreted as a query condition rather than as a literal identifier. An authenticated user who can influence the...

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability in mruby 4.0.0

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability exists in the Prism parser component of mruby 4.0.0. An attacker can provide a specially crafted Ruby source file that triggers the parser to pass a NULL pointer to nonnull string handling functions, resulting in undefined behavior and application crash...

path traversal vulnerability in pre-3.4.0 rubyzip gem

rubyzip versions before 3.4.0 contain a path traversal vulnerability in Zip::Entryextract that fails to properly validate extraction paths using prefix comparison without trailing separators. Attackers can craft archive entries with names like ../uploadbackup/owned.sh to write files outside the...

The execute_ruby tool is documented as a read-only Ruby sandbox

The executeruby tool is documented as a read-only Ruby sandbox and is enforced by a pattern denylist together with replacements for the process-spawning methods on Kernel. The pseudo-terminal library's spawn entry points are neither in the denylist nor replaced, so a normal tool call could reach...

CVE-2026-80213 - Hostname validation bypass

An application that checks a hostname against an allow list or an SSRF filter and then resolves it can be made to look up a domain other than the one it checked. The string that passes validation and the name that reaches the network are not the same, so the connection can end up at a host the...

CVE-2026-80212 - Memory exhaustion through malicious DNS responses

An application that resolves a hostname an attacker can influence, such as a webhook target or a user-supplied URL, can be made to consume memory without bound. The attacker points a domain at a name server they control and returns responses that the library retains permanently. Repeated lookups...

kobako Sandbox Escape - guest eval reaches host RCE via method_missing → public_send (any bound Service)

Summary A guest mruby script running inside the Kobako sandbox can execute arbitrary Ruby in the host process, fully escaping the sandbox. Impact Complete sandbox escape leading to remote code execution in the host process, defeating the gem's central guarantee of isolating untrusted mruby script...

Polynomial-Time Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability

crmne/rubyllm at commit fa6f279847d6d7027814539d9c0dfc3bbdfd2a83 contains a polynomial-time regular expression denial-of-service condition in RubyLLM::Utils.underscore on Ruby 3.1.x. A very long crafted class, agent, or tool name can cause excessive CPU consumption and a denial of service. Update...

CamaleonCMS 2.9.1 Server-Side Template Injection via test_email Action

CamaleonCMS 2.9.1 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability that allows authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary commands by embedding ERB tags in the email parameter of the testemail settings action, which are evaluated when an SMTP rejection reflects the recipient address...

Ruby JSON - JSON::ResumableParser#partial_value dereferences a freed input buffer and crashes on truncated duplicate-key streams

Summary Ruby's JSON native C extension clears the consumed JSON::ResumableParser input buffer but leaves state.start, state.cursor, and state.end pointing into released storage. When partialvalue reconstructs an incomplete object containing duplicate keys, the duplicate-key warning path calls...

Camaleon CMS (2.1.1 to 2.9.1) contains an authenticated RCE vulnerability

Camaleon CMS versions 2.1.1 through 2.9.1 contains an authenticated remote code execution RCE vulnerability that allows users with customfields manage permission to execute arbitrary Ruby code by supplying a malicious expression through the selecteval custom field type. Attackers can store an...

Possible arbitrary file read and remote code execution in Active Storage variant processing

Impact In its default configuration, a Rails application that displays image variants may allow an unauthenticated attacker to read arbitrary files from the server, including the process environment. That environment typically holds secretkeybase and often credentials for external systems, which...

Pagy I18n locale option is not validated before being used in a file path

Summary Pagy::I18n.locale= did not validate its argument before using it as a path component to load the matching dictionary file .yml. An application that assigns untrusted input to the locale — e.g. the common pattern Pagy::I18n.locale = params:locale — let that input influence which file Pagy...

Broken Access Control in `PATCH /api/v3/store/carts/:id/associate` (IDOR)

Summary The Store API v3 endpoint PATCH /api/v3/store/carts/:id/associate binds a guest cart to the authenticated caller without verifying possession of that cart. It locates the cart by prefixed ID only — currentstore.carts.whereuser: nil, currentuser.findbyprefixid! params:id — and omits the...

dd-trace-rb - Improper parsing of W3C baggage headers may lead to DoS

Impact Datadog tracing libraries that implement W3C baggage propagation parse incoming baggage HTTP headers without enforcing item-count or byte-size limits on the extract path. The DDTRACEBAGGAGEMAXITEMS default 64 and DDTRACEBAGGAGEMAXBYTES default 8192 limits were applied only to baggage...

Loofah `allowed_uri?` does not detect `javascript:` URIs split by named whitespace character references

Summary Loofah::HTML5::Scrub.alloweduri? does not correctly reject javascript: URIs when the scheme is split or prefixed by the HTML5 named character references tab or line feed. This is a bypass of the fix for GHSA-46fp-8f5p-pf2m, which handled the equivalent numeric character references , , but...

SVG `href` attribute bypasses local-reference restriction in Loofah

Summary Loofah's HTML5 sanitizer restricted only the xlink:href attribute on certain SVG elements to local, same-document references. Browsers also accept a plain href attribute as an alternative to the deprecated xlink:href per the SVG 2 spec, but Loofah did not apply the same restriction to it,...

Possible XSS vulnerability with certain configurations of rails-html-sanitizer

Summary There is a possible cross-site scripting vulnerability in rails-html-sanitizer when the sanitizer is configured to allow an SVG reference element such as . See related GHSA-9wjq-cp2p-hrgf in Loofah, whose SVG local-reference logic rails-html-sanitizer mirrors. Impact...

Decidim - Admin user search allows SQL injection through similarity-based sorting

Description The admin organization user search uses the untrusted term value inside raw SQL ORDER BY expressions. Because the value is interpolated before Rails sanitization is applied, a crafted search string is executed by PostgreSQL as part of the sort expression. Impact - Exploitation require...

Decidim - Push subscriptions can be abused for server-side requests

Description The push-subscription endpoint stores an attacker-controlled delivery URL, and the notification send path becomes an outbound-request sink when VAPID delivery is enabled. The practical result is an authenticated, stored, mostly blind SSRF primitive to arbitrary HTTPS endpoints reachab...

Decidim - Forms admin question editor lacks authorization

Description A participant can load the demographics questionnaire admin editor and make changes. Impact - Low-privilege users can access questionnaire-admin interfaces. - They can read question-management surfaces that should remain limited to questionnaire managers. Credits This issue was...

Decidim - Verification documents can be downloaded through reusable links

Description Scanned identity-document images provided by participants and shown in the verification admin workflow are exposed through signed /rails/activestorage/disk/ URLs that can be fetched without any authenticated session. Anyone who obtains one of those URLs can retrieve the document until...

Decidim - HTML content blocks allow stored script execution

Description A privileged admin user who can edit an affected landing page can store arbitrary HTML/JavaScript in an HTML block, and the public page renders it with htmlsafe and no output escaping. Impact - A user with landing-page editing rights for an affected scope can persist JavaScript that...

Decidim - Private exports can be downloaded through reusable links

Description The normal downloadyourdata flow requires the requester to be logged in as the export owner, but the resulting Active Storage blob redirect URL can be replayed without authentication by anyone who obtains it. Impact Personal data exports can be retrieved through leakage channels such ...

Decidim - JWT-backed authentication can be replayed across organizations

Description A JWT issued to an Org 1 account is accepted on the Org 2 API and can read the admin-only GraphQL participantDetails field for an Org 2 participant. The same trust-boundary problem also affects API-user authentication: an Org 1 API user can use a JWT on the Org 1 host and replay that...

Decidim - Verification admins can access supplied IDs from other organizations

Description The verification admin mutation flow allows accessing, verifying, and rejecting participants records from another tenant. Impact A tenant admin can access, reject or approve another tenant's iddocuments requests. Credits This issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the...

Decidim - CSV census record endpoints improper authorization

Description A participant manager can access and modify the CSV census record admin forms. Impact Any participant admin can create, alter, or remove CSV census rows, which can corrupt verification data relied on by authorization workflows. Credits This issue was discovered in a security audit...

OpenC3 COSMOS - Authenticated remote code execution via the user-writable config overlay (table definitions, cmd/tlm definitions, and script suites)

Summary COSMOS reads configuration from a user-writable overlay targetsmodified/ before the read-only plugin-installed targets/ tree, and the config subsystem executes code on those files: ConfigParser renders every file as ERB by default, a GENERICREADCONVERSION / GENERICWRITECONVERSION block is...

OpenC3 COSMOS - Authenticated OS command injection via the `pypi_url` setting

Summary An authenticated user can execute arbitrary operating system commands on the openc3-cosmos-cmd-tlm-api service. The pypiurl setting is interpolated, unescaped, into a command line that is run through a shell backtick when a plugin is installed. Shell metacharacters in the setting value ar...

Unbounded JSON-RPC request body causes uncontrolled memory allocation in StreamableHTTPTransport

Summary An unauthenticated remote attacker can force any MCP Ruby SDK server using MCP::Server::Transports::StreamableHTTPTransport to allocate gigabytes of memory by sending a single oversized JSON-RPC POST. The transport reads the entire HTTP body into a Ruby String and parses it with...

Unbounded session retention in StreamableHTTPTransport allows memory exhaustion via initialize flood

Summary In its default configuration, MCP::Server::Transports::StreamableHTTPTransport never expires sessions. Every successful initialize request stores a new ServerSession and a session record under a fresh UUID, and the only path that removes them is an explicit client-issued HTTP DELETE. An...

Unbounded line buffer in stdio transports leads to memory exhaustion (DoS)

Summary The stdio transports in MCP::Server::Transports::StdioTransport and MCP::Client::Stdio read newline-delimited JSON-RPC frames using IOgets with no limit argument. CRuby's IOgets with no limit reads from the current position until the next separator \n with no upper bound on the returned...

Streamable HTTP transport lacks DNS-rebinding (Host/Origin) protection

Summary MCP::Server::Transports::StreamableHTTPTransport the Rack-mountable Streamable HTTP transport in the mcp gem processes every incoming JSON-RPC request without ever inspecting the HTTP Host or Origin request headers. There is no AllowedHosts/AllowedOrigins allowlist and no DNS-rebinding...

MCP Ruby SDK - Ruby SSE Session Poisoning

Summary Vulnerability: Missing Session Ownership Validation in the Ruby MCP SDK's Streamable and SSE HTTP transport implementation. Any attacker with a stolen session ID can execute tools with the victim's session. This is a silent attack - the victim's session is compromised and being used for...

mrubyc through release3.4.1 was found to contain an out of bounds read

mrubyc through release 3.4.1 was found to contain an out-of-bounds read in builtin missing-method lookup inside mrbcfindmethod...

mrubyc through 3.4.1 was found to contain a NULL pointer dereference

mrubyc through 3.4.1 was found to contain a NULL pointer dereference in src/vm.c in opsuper / OPSUPER due to a missing runtime guard for top-level super...

decidim-elections - Election question titles allow stored script execution

Description A low-privilege process-scoped admin who can manage elections can store arbitrary HTML in the question statement/body without sanitization, and the public elections UI renders that value unsafely. Impact A low-privilege process-scoped admin or other election editor with...

Potential Path Traversal Vulnerability in Primavera P3 PRX and SureTrak STX readers

Impact When reading a suitably crafted PRX or STX file, MPXJ can be made to write files to arbitrary locations in the file system. Workarounds Do not read PRX or STX files from untrusted sources...

ruby webrick through v1.9.2 WEBrick reparses trailer

ruby webrick through v1.9.2 WEBrick reparses trailer Content-Length into canonical request state, enabling request smuggling...

Email address spoofing via malformed RFC 2047 encoded-words in mail

Summary Mail::Utilities.qvaluedecode and Mail::Utilities.bvaluedecode decoded only the first RFC 2047 encoded-word in a string and used an overly greedy pattern to match the charset token. A crafted, malformed encoded-word embedded in an address display name or local part could cause the decoded...

JSON generator heap buffer overflow when streaming to an IO

Ruby JSON is a JSON implementation for Ruby. Versions 2.9.0 through 2.19.8 are vulnerable to heap buffer overflow when the JSON generator is provided with an oversized streamed object. When streaming to an IO JSON.dumpobj, io and JSON::Stategenerateobj, io can write past the internal JSON generat...

Fluentd is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Arbitrary File Write in `${tag}` Placeholder

Fluentd allows dynamically constructing file paths using the $tag placeholder. It was discovered that validation for this placeholder was insufficient. If a Fluentd instance is configured to receive logs from untrusted sources and uses the $tag placeholder in file configurations such as the path...

Fluentd is Vulnerable to Exposure of Sensitive Information via Monitor Agent API

Fluentd's Monitor Agent plugin inmonitoragent exposes internal metrics and plugin information via a REST API. It was discovered that the API response /api/plugins.json and related endpoints unintentionally includes internal instance variables of loaded plugins. If any plugins store sensitive...

Fluentd is Vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) via Gzip Decompression Bomb in `in_http` and `in_forward`

Fluentd's inhttp and inforward plugins support receiving gzip-compressed data. While Fluentd correctly enforces size limits on the incoming compressed payloads e.g., via bodysizelimit or chunksizelimit, it was discovered that there is no limit enforced on the size of the decompressed data. If a...

Fluentd is Vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via Placeholder Expansion in `out_http`

The outhttp output plugin allows the use of placeholders such as $tag in the endpoint configuration parameter. It was discovered that if the placeholder value is derived from untrusted user input, an attacker can maliciously control the destination hostname of the outbound HTTP requests made by...

fluent-plugin-opentelemetry Has Denial of Service (DoS) via Large Payloads and Decompression Bombs in `in_opentelemetry`

The fluent-plugin-opentelemetry plugin specifically the inopentelemetry HTTP input lacked strict size limits on incoming requests. It was discovered that the plugin read the entire request body and decompressed payloads into memory without enforcing maximum size thresholds. If the OpenTelemetry...

fluent-plugin-s3 Vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) via Decompression Bomb in `in_s3`

"The fluent-plugin-s3 plugin specifically the ins3 input plugin supports reading and decompressing heavily compressed files such as gzip, lzma2, and lzop from Amazon S3. It was discovered that the plugin read the entire decompressed payload into memory at once without enforcing a strict size limi...