Spree API has Authenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) via Order Modification

Summary An Authenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference IDOR vulnerability was identified that allows an authenticated user to retrieve other users’ address information by modifying an existing order. By editing an order they legitimately own and manipulating address identifiers in the request,...

Spree API has Unauthenticated IDOR - Guest Address

Summary An Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object Reference IDOR vulnerability was identified that allows an unauthenticated attacker to access guest address information without supplying valid credentials or session cookies. Details During testing, it was observed that all guest users can make a...

httparty Has Potential SSRF Vulnerability That Leads to API Key Leakage

Summary There may be an SSRF vulnerability in httparty. This issue can pose a risk of leaking API keys, and it can also allow third parties to issue requests to internal servers. Details When httparty receives a path argument that is an absolute URL, it ignores the baseuri field. As a result, if ...

AWS SDK for Ruby's S3 Encryption Client has a Key Commitment Issue

Summary S3 Encryption Client for Ruby is an open-source client-side encryption library used to facilitate writing and reading encrypted records to S3. When the encrypted data key EDK is stored in an "Instruction File" instead of S3's metadata record, the EDK is exposed to an "Invisible Salamander...

ALTCHA Proof-of-Work Vulnerable to Challenge Splicing and Replay

Impact A cryptographic semantic binding flaw in ALTCHA libraries allows challenge payload splicing, which may enable replay attacks. The HMAC signature does not unambiguously bind challenge parameters to the nonce, allowing an attacker to reinterpret a valid proof-of-work submission with a modifi...

Ruby-saml has a SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)

Summary Ruby-saml up to and including 1.12.4, there is an authentication bypass vulnerability because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-25292. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker...

Ruby-saml allows a Libxml2 Canonicalization error to bypass Digest/Signature validation

Summary Ruby-saml up to and including 1.12.4, there is an authentication bypass vulnerability because of an issue at libxml2 canonicalization process used by Nokogiri for document transformation. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. The vulnerability does not...

null pointer dereference vulnerability in mrubyc 3.4

A security vulnerability has been detected in mrubyc up to 3.4. This impacts the function mrbcrawrealloc of the file src/alloc.c. Such manipulation of the argument ptr leads to null pointer dereference. An attack has to be approached locally...

Use-after-realloc vulnerablity in mruby 3.4.0

A vulnerability has been found in mruby up to 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function sortcmp of the file src/array.c. Such manipulation leads to use after free. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is...

Out-of-bounds write vulnerability

A weakness has been identified in mruby 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function aryfillexec of the file mrbgems/mruby-array-ext/src/array.c. Executing manipulation of the argument start/length can lead to out-of-bounds write. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been ma...

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability through unescaped HTML attribute values

Impact The prosemirrortohtml gem is vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting XSS attacks through malicious HTML attribute values. While tag content is properly escaped, attribute values are not, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary JavaScript code. Who is impacted: - Any application using...

MQTT does not validate hostnames

A flaw was found in Rubygem MQTT. By default, the package used to not have hostname validation, resulting in possible Man-in-the-Middle MITM attack...

Rack is vulnerable to a memory-exhaustion DoS through unbounded URL-encoded body parsing

Summary Rack::RequestPOST reads the entire request body into memory for Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded, calling rack.input.readnil without enforcing a length or cap. Large request bodies can therefore be buffered completely into process memory before parsing, leading to denial of...

Rack has a Possible Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Summary A possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in Rack::Sendfile when running behind a proxy that supports x-sendfile headers such as Nginx. Specially crafted headers could cause Rack::Sendfile to miscommunicate with the proxy and trigger unintended internal requests, potentially...

Sinatra is vulnerable to ReDoS through ETag header value generation

Summary There is a denial of service vulnerability in the If-Match and If-None-Match header parsing component of Sinatra, if the etag method is used when constructing the response and you are using Ruby = 3.2...

Rack's multipart parser buffers unbounded per-part headers, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)

Summary Rack::Multipart::Parser can accumulate unbounded data when a multipart part’s header block never terminates with the required blank line CRLFCRLF. The parser keeps appending incoming bytes to memory without a size cap, allowing a remote attacker to exhaust memory and cause a denial of...

Multipart parser buffers large non‑file fields entirely in memory, enabling DoS (memory exhaustion)

Summary Rack::Multipart::Parser stores non-file form fields parts without a filename entirely in memory as Ruby String objects. A single large text field in a multipart/form-data request hundreds of megabytes or more can consume equivalent process memory, potentially leading to out-of-memory OOM...

CVE-2025-61594 - URI Credential Leakage Bypass over CVE-2025-27221

In affected URI version, a bypass exists for the fix to CVE-2025-27221 that can expose user credentials. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-61594. We recommend upgrading the uri gem. Details When using the + operator to combine URIs, sensitive information like...

Rack's unbounded multipart preamble buffering enables DoS (memory exhaustion)

Summary Rack::Multipart::Parser buffers the entire multipart preamble bytes before the first boundary in memory without any size limit. A client can send a large preamble followed by a valid boundary, causing significant memory use and potential process termination due to out-of-memory OOM...

URI Credential Leakage Bypass

A vulnerability in the URI library bundled with Ruby allows sensitive user credentials such as usernames or passwords in a URI to be unintentionally leaked when combining URIs using the + operator. This issue bypasses the previous fix for CVE-2025-27221. The issue affects Ruby's built-in URI...

Rack has an unsafe default in Rack::QueryParser allows params_limit bypass via semicolon-separated parameters

Summary Rack::QueryParser in version 2.2.18 enforces its paramslimit only for parameters separated by &, while still splitting on both & and ;. As a result, attackers could use ; separators to bypass the parameter count limit and submit more parameters than intended. Details The issue arises...

DoS vulnerability in REXML

REXML has a DoS condition when parsing malformed XML file REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gems from 3.3.3 to 3.4.1 has a DoS vulnerability when parsing XML containing multiple XML declarations. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs, you may be impacted to these vulnerabilities. The REXM...

REXML has DoS condition when parsing malformed XML file

Impact The REXML gems from 3.3.3 to 3.4.1 have a DoS vulnerability when parsing XML containing multiple XML declarations. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs, you may be impacted to these vulnerabilities. Patches REXML gems 3.4.2 or later include the patches to fix these vulnerabilities...

Google Sign-In for Rails allowed redirect to protocol-relative URI

Summary It is possible to redirect a user to another origin if the "proceedto" value in the session store is set to a protocol-relative URL. Details The googlesignin gem persists an optional URL for redirection after authentication. If this URL is set to a protocol-relative URL, it improperly...

Google Sign-In for Rails allowed redirects to malformed URLs

Summary It is possible to craft a malformed URL that passes the "same origin" check, resulting in the user being redirected to another origin. Details The googlesignin gem persists an optional URL for redirection after authentication. If this URL is malformed, it's possible for the user to be...

Spree Commerce is vulnerable to RCE through Search API

Spreecommerce versions prior to 0.50.x contain a remote command execution vulnerability in the API's search functionality. Improper input sanitation allows attackers to inject arbitrary shell commands via the searchinstanceeval parameter, which is dynamically invoked using Ruby’s send method. Thi...

Spree Commerce is vulnerable to RCE through Search API

Spreecommerce versions prior to 0.50.x contain a remote command execution vulnerability in the API's search functionality. Improper input sanitation allows attackers to inject arbitrary shell commands via the searchinstanceeval parameter, which is dynamically invoked using Ruby’s send method. Thi...

Active Storage allowed transformation methods that were potentially unsafe

Active Storage attempts to prevent the use of potentially unsafe image transformation methods and parameters by default. The default allowed list contains three methods allowing for the circumvention of the safe defaults which enables potential command injection vulnerabilities in cases where...

Active Record logging vulnerable to ANSI escape injection

This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-55193 Impact The ID passed to find or similar methods may be logged without escaping. If this is directly to the terminal, it may include unescaped ANSI sequences. Releases The fixed releases are available at the normal locations...

JWE is missing AES-GCM authentication tag validation in encrypted JWE

Overview The authentication tag of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. Impact - JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value - JWEs can be decrypted by observing parsing differences - The...

ruby-jwt < v3.0.0.beta1 was discovered to contain weak encryption

ruby-jwt v3.0.0.beta1 was discovered to contain weak encryption. NOTE: the Supplier's perspective is "keysize is not something that is enforced by this library. Currently more recent versions of OpenSSL are enforcing some key sizes and those restrictions apply to the users of this gem also."...

Ruby SAML DOS vulnerability with large SAML response

Summary A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in ruby-saml even with the messagemaxbytesize setting configured. The vulnerability occurs because the SAML response is validated for Base64 format prior to checking the message size, leading to potential resource exhaustion. Details ruby-saml...

Thor can construct an unsafe shell command from library input.

Thor before 1.4.0 can construct an unsafe shell command from library input...

Job Iteration API is vulnerable to OS Command Injection attack through its CsvEnumerator class

Impact There is an arbitrary code execution vulnerability in the CsvEnumerator class of the job-iteration repository. This vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the system where the application is running, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data...

Possible Denial of Service in resolv gem

A denial of service vulnerability has been discovered in the resolv gem bundled with Ruby. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-24294. We recommend upgrading the resolv gem. Details The vulnerability is caused by an insufficient check on the length of a decompressed...

Possible Denial of Service in resolv gem

A denial of service vulnerability has been discovered in the resolv gem bundled with Ruby. The vulnerability is caused by an insufficient check on the length of a decompressed domain name within a DNS packet. An attacker can craft a malicious DNS packet containing a highly compressed domain name...

Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in mruby 3.4.0

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in mruby up to 3.4.0. Affected is the function scopenew of the file mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/codegen.c of the component nregs Handler. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. An attack has to be approached locally. T...

HashiCorp Vagrant has code injection vulnerability through default synced folders

An authenticated virtual machine escape vulnerability exists in HashiCorp Vagrant versions 2.4.6 and below when using the default synced folder configuration. By design, Vagrant automatically mounts the host system’s project directory into the guest VM under /vagrant or C:\vagrant on Windows. Thi...

Ruby WEBrick read_headers method can lead to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling

Ruby WEBrick readheader HTTP Request Smuggling Vulnerability This vulnerability allows remote attackers to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests on affected installations of Ruby WEBrick. This issue is exploitable when the product is deployed behind an HTTP proxy that fulfills specific conditions. The...

OpenC3 COSMOS Vulnerable to Directory Traversal via openc3-api/tables endpoint

An issue in the openc3-api/tables endpoint of OpenC3 COSMOS 6.0.0 allows attackers to execute a directory traversal...

OpenC3 COSMOS Vulnerable to Directory Traversal via /script-api/scripts/ endpoint

An issue in the /script-api/scripts/ endpoint of OpenC3 COSMOS 6.0.0 allows attackers to execute a directory traversal...

ReDoS Vulnerability in Rack::Multipart handle_mime_head

Summary There is a denial of service vulnerability in the Content-Disposition parsing component of Rack. This is very similar to the previous security issue CVE-2022-44571. Details Carefully crafted input can cause Content-Disposition header parsing in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time,...

Insufficient input sanitization in ejson2env

Summary The ejson2env tool has a vulnerability related to how it writes to stdout. Specifically, the tool is intended to write an export statement for environment variables and their values. However, due to inadequate output sanitization, there is a potential risk where variable names or values m...

Rack session gets restored after deletion

Summary When using the Rack::Session::Pool middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session. Details Rack session middleware prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store wit...

Rack session gets restored after deletion

Summary When using the Rack::Session::Pool middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session. Details Rack session middleware prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store wit...

Rack has an Unbounded-Parameter DoS in Rack::QueryParser

Summary Rack::QueryParser parses query strings and application/x-www-form-urlencoded bodies into Ruby data structures without imposing any limit on the number of parameters, allowing attackers to send requests with extremely large numbers of parameters. Details The vulnerability arises because...

JRuby-OpenSSL has hostname verification disabled by default

JRuby-OpenSSL is an add-on gem for JRuby that emulates the Ruby OpenSSL native library. Starting in JRuby-OpenSSL version 0.12.1 and prior to version 0.15.4 corresponding to JRuby versions starting in 9.3.4.0 prior to 9.4.12.1 and 10.0.0.0 prior to 10.0.0.1, when verifying SSL certificates,...

Improper certificate validation in Logstash's TCP output...

Improper certificate validation in Logstash's TCP output could lead to a man-in-the-middle MitM attack in “client” mode, as hostname verification in TCP output was not being performed when the sslverificationmode = full was set...

net-imap rubygem vulnerable to possible DoS by memory exhaustion

Summary There is a possibility for denial of service by memory exhaustion when net-imap reads server responses. At any time while the client is connected, a malicious server can send can send a "literal" byte count, which is automatically read by the client's receiver thread. The response reader...

Publify Vulnerable To Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Via Redirects Requiring User Interaction

Summary A publisher on a publify application is able to perform a cross-site scripting attack on an administrator using the redirect functionality. Details A publisher on a publify application is able to perform a cross-site scripting attack on an administrator using the redirect functionality. T...