Unauthorized Withdrawal of ETH by Admin in _withdraw.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact An attacker with admin privileges can maliciously execute the withdraw function, resulting in the unauthorized withdrawal of all the ETH in the contract. Proof of Concept withdrawNounsDAOStorageV3.StorageV3 storage ds external onlyAdminds returns uint256...

Division before Multiplication could incur unnecessary precision loss

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Division before multiplication could incur unnecessary precision loss causing loss of funds. Proof of Concept In the dynamicQuorumVotes function of NounsDAOV3DynamicQuorum.sol contract the value of againstVotesBPS is first calculated by dividing a value ...

Funds added to reserves through sync are accidentally transferred out to users

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Wells have the ability to shift funds to other Wells as part of gas-efficient multi-pool swaps. This natspec explanation of this can be find here. The sync function is intended to synchronize the underlying token amounts with the token reserves of the...

Well.sol::skim() anyone can transfer excess funds to their account.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description The skim is designed to transfer excess tokens held by the contract to a specified recipient. However, it lacks proper access control checks, allowing any user to initiate the transfer of excess tokens, regardless of ownership. This presents a...

LibHelpers.piecewiseLinear will revert when the value is less than the first element of the array

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact LibHelpers.piecewiseLinear reverts when the value is less than the first element of the array. This method is used in Redeemer contract and if the collateral ratio is below the first element of xRedemptionCurve, the redepmtion will revert. Proof of Conce...

getMerkleRoot() might return an unconfirmed root.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Users might claim rewards using an unconfirmed merkle root. Proof of Concept getMerkleRoot returns the merkle root to claim the rewards. function getMerkleRoot public view returns bytes32 if block.timestamp = endOfDisputePeriod return tree.merkleRoot; el...

The merkle tree might be revoked again after being used to claim rewards.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The merkle tree might be revoked again after being used to claim rewards. Proof of Concept The governor can revoke the merkle tree using revokeTree. function revokeTree external onlyGovernorOrGuardian if disputer != address0 revert UnresolvedDispute;...

Interest is not accrued before parameters are updated in SavingsVest

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Stablecoin holders can receive wrongly calculated yield in the SavingsVest contract. Also, wrong vesting profit can be slashed when the protocol is under-collateralized. Proof of Concept The SavingsVest contract lets users deposit their stablecoins and...

DENIAL OF SERVICE (DoS) WHEN DECREASING THE weight DUE TO UNDERFLOW IN THE UlyssesPool.setWeight FUNCTION

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The UlyssesPool.setWeight function is used to update the weight of a particular poolId in the current UlyssesPool. But when the weight of the respective poolId is decreased from the current value, the calculation underflows and thus DoS the reducing of...

Reactivated gauges have incorrect accounting for the last cycle’s rewards

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact reactivated gauges that previously had queued up rewards have a mismatch between their storedCycle and contract’s gaugeCycle state variable. Due to this mismatch, there is also a resulting issue with the accounting logic for its completed rewards: Proof ...

Potential Integer Underflow/Overflow: The code uses the SafeCastLib library for type conversions, but it does not handle potential underflow or overflow situations.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The potential integer underflow/overflow vulnerability in the code can lead to incorrect calculations, unexpected behavior, and potential security issues. Proof of Concept In the provided code, there are a few areas where potential integer...

Reward clarinets can claim rewards multiple times

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Reward claimers can call the get accrued reward function multiple times and maybe even drain the contract Proof of Concept As we can see there’s no check setting the accrued reward to zero after the rewards have been transferred Tools Used Manual review...

Flashloan/onFlashLoan() does not comply eip-3156

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In PeUSDMainnetStableVision.sol, File: contracts/lybra/token/PeUSDMainnetStableVision.sol interface FlashBorrower /// @notice Flash loan callback /// @param amount The amount of tokens received /// @param data Forwarded data from the flash loan request /...

flashloan stealing staking reward

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The report reveals a vulnerability where a flashloan can be used to steal staking rewards. The provided proof of concept demonstrates the issue, where a user can take advantage of the earned rewards calculation using the spot balance. By flashloaning a...

stETHs rebase profit stealing

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description It's possible with flashloan from AAVE to capture a big shares amount of eUSD, after each stETH rebase exploiter will buy excessive income, which leads to eUSD rebase due to shares burning, so the exploiter will have most of burned eUSD because they...

Incorrect poolTotalEUSDCirculation Calculation

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact poolTotalEUSDCirculation calculated incorerctly so it can effect reward distribution Proof of Concept The following line of code deduces repaid amount from poolTotalEUSDCirculation while the fee that is part of repaid amount will be distribute as rewards...

The Swap action will always fail if the value of the deposited IBC asset is less than the value of autoSwapThreshold Canto

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The Swap action will always fail if the value of the deposited IBC asset the value of autoSwapThreshold Canto. This is not a bug, but it's very inconvenient for users and makes the goal of the onboarding module fail. Let's asssume that: 1 Canto = 0.1 USD...

TimeoutTimeStamp and TimeoutHeight fields are not properly validated

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The absence of proper validation for TimeoutTimeStamp and TimeoutHeight fields before processing an onboarding request can lead to significant disruption and potential security risks. This might allow an attacker to send an IBC Inter-Blockchain...

Slippage protection minOut autoSwapThreshold is not effective when swapping the token

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In the current model, the minimum output minOut amount for the auto-swap is set to match the autoSwapThreshold, which is fixed at 4 CANTO. This configuration might result in potential market risks due to fluctuations in the value of CANTO, potentially...

M-05 Unmitigated

Lines of code code-423n4/2023-05-xeth@aebc324L230 Vulnerability details If wxETH drips when nothing is staked, then the first staker can claim every drop. Mitigation code-423n4/2023-05-xeth@aebc324 This PR is added in the method accrueDrip to return if totalSupply == 0 to avoid dropping at 0. But...

LES (Light Ethereum Subprotocol) doesn't forward the transaction to the sequencer

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact LES Light Ethereum Subprotocol doesn't forward the transaction to the sequencer when receiving it over RPC. Proof of Concept When a user submits a transaction to op-geth node validator/verfier mode, the node sends the transaction to the sequencer, if no...

No way out of the loop if operator not active

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact There is no way out of the loop if operator not active. do if !operatorStructByIdi.active continue; uint256 remainingCapacity = validatorPerOperatorGreaterThanZero ? remainingOperatorCapacityi : getOperatorQueuedValidatorCounti; uint256 newSelectedCapaci...

Incorrect Handling of Return Value in onlyWhenNotPaused Modifier

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description: contract named "L1ChugSplashProxy" which is a proxy contract with additional functionality for code and storage modification. However, there is a bug in the code that needs to be addressed. Bug: The bug is in the modifier onlyWhenNotPaused function...

A lot with a lots.sdAmount less than the bidIncrement cannot be bid on

Lines of code Vulnerability details M-01 A lot with a lots.sdAmount less than the bidIncrement cannot be bid on Impact Everyone can create a lot by calling Auction.createLot with any arbitrary amount they specify. However, creating a lot with a low sdAmount can result in two potential issues: Whe...

The owner is a single point of failure and a centralization risk (06 Instances)

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Having a single EOA as the only owner of contracts is a large centralization risk and a single point of failure. A single private key may be taken in a hack, or the sole holder of the key may become unable to retrieve the key when necessary. Tools Used...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #240 [1686228552856]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 240 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: L-02 --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #240 [1686228586164]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 240 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: L-04 --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Attacker can frontrun user bid with wrong lotId and create the lot with that lotId, forcing the user to take a big loss

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact User takes a huge loss by getting 1 SD token, but bidding an amount possibly much bigger. Attackers are incetivized to perform this if they are ETHx holders and want to increase the value of their tokens. Proof of Concept When a user adds a bid to the...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #11 [1685528541946]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 11 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: L-01 DOS: Users can't call accept if others called rageQuit within the same block. --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

AmbireAccount.isValidSignature() does not cover recovery signatures

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact A recovery key can sign for a recovery but cannot get isValidSignature to return that it is valid. Proof of Concept AmbireAccount.isValidSignature is implemented as follows function isValidSignaturebytes32 hash, bytes calldata signature external view...

deployAndExecute() function in Factory should be payable

Lines of code Vulnerability details deployAndExecute function in Factory should be payable The deployAndExecute function fails to consider ETH payments that may need to be forwarded to the wallet's execute function. Impact The deployAndExecute function present in the AmbireAccountFactory can be...

Incorrect setting of sqrtPriceLimitX96 in protocol

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The pool.swap function in the swap attempts to execute a swap. As the code below ,The sqrtPriceLimitX96 is set based on the value of projectTokenIsZero. If projectTokenIsZero is true, sqrtPriceLimitX96 is set to TickMath.MAXSQRTRATIO - 1; otherwise, it i...

Inflation attack by drip

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The drip might inflate the exchange rate on an initial stake such that that subsequent stakers get minted zero wxETH. Their stake can then be unstaked by the first staker, together with their own first stake and inflation investment. Effectively, the fir...

Whales can freeze all user funds

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Whales can freeze user funds by adding large amounts of a smaller token, while keeping collateral in other tokens. By accumulating interest in the small token, they will be able to call reduceReserves once the interest increased enough to match the cash...

It is possible to override pool params in PoolRegistry.sol since the creator field is never set for a venus pool

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof of Concept PoolRegistry.createPoolRegistry will call PoolRegistry.registerPool which will make a check on the creator field for a pool. VenusPool memory venusPool = poolByComptrollercomptroller; requirevenusPool.creator == address0, "PoolRegistry: Pool...

Incorrect decimal handling in _startAuction, resulting in wrong auction.startBidBps

Lines of code Vulnerability details Shortfall.startAuction uses the oracle price of the underlying tokens to price the pool bad debt: Shortfall.sol 389: for uint256 i; i the price returned by priceOracle.getUnderlyingPrice has a number of decimals equal to 36 - vToken decimals. This means the...

Comptroller.sol#healAccount did not call updateRewardTokenBorrowIndex to update the reward

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact healAccount should call updateRewardTokenBorrowIndex to calculate the reward before affecting the debt value. Proof of Concept Tools Used manual Recommended Mitigation Steps call updateRewardTokenBorrowIndex before heal account. Assessed type Other --- T...

CVXStaker.sol Unable to process newly add rewardTokens

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The lack of a mechanism to modify rewardTokens If convex adds new extraRewards CVXStaker.sol cannot transfer the added token Proof of Concept CVXStaker.sol will pass in rewardTokens in constructor and in getReward, loop this array to transfer rewardToken...

Comptroller.sol#_getHypotheticalLiquiditySnapshot assumes that all UnderlyingTokens have the same precision

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact File: Comptroller.sol 1316 // Get the normalized price of the asset 1317 Exp memory oraclePrice = Exp mantissa: safeGetUnderlyingPriceasset ; 1318 1319 // Pre-compute conversion factors from vTokens - usd 1320 Exp memory vTokenPrice = mulExp mantissa:...

Potential Division by Zero in utilizationRate method

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In the case where cash + borrows - reserves equals 0, the function would try to divide by zero which will result in a runtime error. Proof of Concept An attacker might manipulate the state of the contract to where cash + borrows - reserves equals zero...

Imprecise block calculation

Lines of code Vulnerability details Vulnerability details Impact @dev Roughly equivalent to the number of blocks in 7 days. @dev Roughly equivalent to the number of blocks in 90 days. @dev Roughly equivalent to the number of blocks in 10 days. As described in the NatSpec comment above these are...

Mitigation of M-11: Issue NOT mitigated

Mitigated issue M-11: Residual ETH unreachable and unuitilized in SafEth.sol The issue was that the rounding losses from partitioning msg.value in stake and rebalanceToWeights was left irretrievably in the contract. Mitigation review Previously rebalanceToWeights withdrew all staked funds and...

Upgraded Q -> 3 from #344 [1683218670048]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 344 as 3 risk. The relevant finding follows: To ensure that there is no overflow when converting uint256 to uint128,and the totalNetInputAmount can be extracted so that it does not need to be calculated again later virtualBaseTokenReserves +=...

Vulnerability in Keccak Function Used for Equality Check in equals() Function.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The BytesUtils library is using Keccak function to check for equality in the equals function. This is a security concern since the Keccak function is vulnerable to hash collisions, which could allow a malicious user to create an input that matches a...

Lack of slippage in redeem can result in loss of shares for redeemer

Lines of code Vulnerability details FPS holders can redeem their shares against zchf using redeem File: Equity.sol 276: function redeemaddress target, uint256 shares public returns uint256 //@audit no slippage, calculateProceeds can return 0 277: requirecanRedeemmsg.sender; 278: uint256 proceeds ...

It's not always possible for a user to claim their voting power in ReraiseETHCrowdfund

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof of Concept When a ReraiseETHCrowdfund has finalized, a user has 2 ways to claim their voting power - claim or claimMultiple. The condition in claim is that user's total contribution is no greater than the maxContribution. uint96 contribution = votingPower...

The first stake is possible after endTime

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Users can stake after endTime due to the wrong check. Proof of Concept When a user stakes LP tokens using MuteAmplifier.stake, stake is not allowed after endTime which is set in initializeDeposit by an admin. requireblock.timestamp endTime,...

An attacker can lower the price of another depositor() by frontrunning

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Detailed description of the impact of this finding. The deposit function will bump bond price back by 5% after purchase based on current delta. However, this function can be executed unlimited number of times in the same block and as a result, one can...

KangarooVault.removeCollateral updates storage without actually removing collateral, resulting in lost collateral

Lines of code Vulnerability details The admin can call KangarooVault.addCollateral to add additional collateral to a Power Perp position. File: src/KangarooVault.sol 424: function addCollateraluint256 additionalCollateral external requiresAuth nonReentrant 425: SUSD.safeApproveaddressEXCHANGE,...

sybil attack vulnerability (via Shitcoin)

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Attacker can create worthless shitcoin/NFT to mint PFP and as much as possible. Thereby acquiring outrageous and undeserved amount of PFP . Hence attacker is well positioned for further sybil attack/ farming. This is unhealthy to the contract and its...