The Road of Adaptive AI for Precision in Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity's evolving complexity presents unique challenges and opportunities for AI research and practice. This paper shares key lessons and insights from designing, building, and operating production-grade GenAI pipelines in cybersecurity, with a focus on the continual adaptation required to...

Hybrid Quantum-Classical Autoencoders for Unsupervised Network Intrusion Detection

Unsupervised anomaly-based intrusion detection requires models that can generalize to attack patterns not observed during training. This work presents the first large-scale evaluation of hybrid quantum-classical HQC autoencoders for this task. We construct a unified experimental framework that...

A Practical Honeypot-Based Threat Intelligence Framework for Cyber Defence in the Cloud

In cloud environments, conventional firewalls rely on predefined rules and manual configurations, limiting their ability to respond effectively to evolving or zero-day threats. As organizations increasingly adopt platforms such as Microsoft Azure, this static defense model exposes cloud assets to...

Beyond Detection: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Study on Representation Learning for Fine-Grained Webshell Family Classification

Malicious WebShells pose a significant and evolving threat by compromising critical digital infrastructures and endangering public services in sectors such as healthcare and finance. While the research community has made significant progress in WebShell detection i.e., distinguishing malicious...

CISA: Principles for the Secure Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Operational Technology

Artificial intelligence AI has the potential to increase efficiency and productivity, enhance decision-making, cut costs and improve customer experience, but introducing AI in operational technology OT environments can introduce risks that require careful management to support the safety, securit...

BGPFuzz: Automated Configuration Fuzzing of the Border Gateway Protocol

Telecommunications networks rely on configurations to define routing behavior, especially in the Border Gateway Protocol BGP, where misconfigurations can lead to severe outages and security breaches, as demonstrated by the 2021 Facebook outage. Unlike existing approaches that rely on synthesis or...

ASTRIDE: A Security Threat Modeling Platform for Agentic-AI Applications

AI agent-based systems are becoming increasingly integral to modern software architectures, enabling autonomous decision-making, dynamic task execution, and multimodal interactions through large language models LLMs. However, these systems introduce novel and evolving security challenges, includi...

Safe2Harm: Semantic Isomorphism Attacks for Jailbreaking Large Language Models

Large Language Models LLMs have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks, but their security vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers to generate harmful content, causing adverse impacts across various societal domains. Most existing jailbreak methods revolve around Prompt...

React 19.0 / 19.1.0 / 19.1.1 / 19.2.0 Remote Code Execution

On November 29th, Lachlan Davidson reported a security vulnerability in React that allows unauthenticated remote code execution by exploiting a flaw in how React decodes payloads sent to React Server Function endpoints. Even if your app does not implement any React Server Function endpoints it ma...

PBFuzz: Agentic Directed Fuzzing for PoV Generation

Proof-of-Vulnerability PoV input generation is a critical task in software security and supports downstream applications such as path generation and validation. Generating a PoV input requires solving two sets of constraints: 1 reachability constraints for reaching vulnerable code locations, and ...

A Novel Trust-Based DDoS Cyberattack Detection Model for Smart Business Environments

As the frequency and complexity of Distributed Denial-of-Service DDoS attacks continue to increase, the level of threats posed to Smart Internet of Things SIoT business environments have also increased. These environments generally have several interconnected SIoT systems and devices that are...

Wireshark Analyzer 4.6.2

Wireshark is a GTK+-based network protocol analyzer that lets you capture and interactively browse the contents of network frames. The goal of the project is to create a commercial-quality analyzer for Unix and Win32 and to give Wireshark features that are missing from closed-source sniffers. Thi...

The Treasury Proof Ledger: A Cryptographic Framework for Accountable Bitcoin Treasuries

Public companies and institutional investors that hold Bitcoin face increasing pressure to show solvency, manage risk, and satisfy regulatory expectations without exposing internal wallet structures or trading strategies. This paper introduces the Treasury Proof Ledger TPL, a Bitcoin-anchored...

Breaking Isolation: A New Perspective on Hypervisor Exploitation Via Cross-Domain Attacks

Hypervisors are under threat by critical memory safety vulnerabilities, with pointer corruption being one of the most prevalent and severe forms. Existing exploitation frameworks depend on identifying highly-constrained structures in the host machine and accurately determining their runtime...

Unfolding Challenges in Securing and Regulating Unmanned Air Vehicles

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs or drones are being introduced in a wide range of commercial applications. This has also made them prime targets of attackers who compromise their fundamental security properties, including confidentiality, integrity, and availability. As researchers discover novel...

Adversarial Limits of Quantum Certification: When Eve Defeats Detection

Security of quantum key distribution QKD relies on certifying that observed correlations arise from genuine quantum entanglement rather than eavesdropper manipulation. Theoretical security proofs assume idealized conditions, practical certification must contend with adaptive adversaries who...

A Descriptive Model for Modelling Attacker Decision-Making in Cyber-Deception

Cyber-deception is an increasingly important defensive strategy, shaping adversarial decision making through controlled misinformation, uncertainty, and misdirection. Although game-theoretic, Bayesian, Markov decision process, and reinforcement learning models offer insight into deceptive...

ReFuzz: Reusing Tests for Processor Fuzzing with Contextual Bandits

Processor designs rely on iterative modifications and reuse well-established designs. However, this reuse of prior designs also leads to similar vulnerabilities across multiple processors. As processors grow increasingly complex with iterative modifications, efficiently detecting vulnerabilities...

A Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Vulnerable Dependencies on Open-Source Software

Open-source libraries are widely used by software developers to speed up the development of products, however, they can introduce security vulnerabilities, leading to incidents like Log4Shell. With the expanding usage of open-source libraries, it becomes even more imperative to comprehend and...

Periodic Directory Security Audit 1.0

This code enables persistence via the /etc/periodic directory similarly to recent metasploit modules that perform the same function. This is a variant written in PHP...

Primitive Vector Cipher(PVC): A Hybrid Encryption Scheme Based on the Vector Computational Diffie-Hellman (V-CDH) Problem

This work introduces the Primitive Vector Cipher PVC, a novel hybrid encryption scheme integrating matrix-based cryptography with advanced Diffie-Hellman key exchange. PVC's security is grounded on the established hardness of the Vector Computational Diffie- Hellman V-CDH problem. The two-layered...

One Detector Fits All: Robust and Adaptive Detection of Malicious Packages from PyPI to Enterprises

The rise of supply chain attacks via malicious Python packages demands robust detection solutions. Current approaches, however, overlook two critical challenges: robustness against adversarial source code transformations and adaptability to the varying false positive rate FPR requirements of...

WildCode: An Empirical Analysis of Code Generated by ChatGPT

LLM models are increasingly used to generate code, but the quality and security of this code are often uncertain. Several recent studies have raised alarm bells, indicating that such AI-generated code may be particularly vulnerable to cyberattacks. However, most of these studies rely on code that...

Is Vibe Coding Safe? Benchmarking Vulnerability of Agent-Generated Code in Real-World Tasks

Vibe coding is a new programming paradigm in which human engineers instruct large language model LLM agents to complete complex coding tasks with little supervision. Although it is increasingly adopted, are vibe coding outputs really safe to deploy in production? To answer this question, we propo...

Cybersecurity AI: The World's Top AI Agent for Security Capture-The-Flag (CTF)

Are Capture-the-Flag competitions obsolete? In 2025, Cybersecurity AI CAI systematically conquered some of the world's most prestigious hacking competitions, achieving Rank 1 at multiple events and consistently outperforming thousands of human teams. Across five major circuits-HTB's AI vs Humans,...

A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Bypassing Commercial LLM Guardrails Via Harmless Prompt Weaving and Adaptive Tree Search

Large language models LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass safety guardrails to elicit harmful outputs. Existing approaches overwhelmingly operate within the prompt-optimization paradigm: whether through traditional algorithmic search or recent agent-based workflows, the...

Equilibrium SAT Based PQC: New Aegis against Quantum Computing

Public-key cryptography algorithms have evolved towards increasing computational complexity to hide desired messages, which is accelerating with the development of the Internet and quantum computing. This paper introduces a novel public-key cryptography algorithm that generates ciphertexts by...

Decryption Thorough Polynomial Ambiguity: Noise-Enhanced High-Memory Convolutional Codes for Post-Quantum Cryptography

We present a novel approach to post-quantum cryptography that employs directed-graph decryption of noise-enhanced high-memory convolutional codes. The proposed construction generates random-like generator matrices that effectively conceal algebraic structure and resist known structural attacks...

Learning the Wrong Lessons: Syntactic-Domain Spurious Correlations in Language Models

Whitepaper from researchers at MIT, Northeastern University, and Meta. For an LLM to correctly respond to an instruction it must understand both the semantics and the domain i.e., subject area of a given task-instruction pair. However, syntax can also convey implicit information Recent work shows...

S3C2 SICP Summit 2025-06: Vulnerability Response Summit

Recent years have shown increased cyber attacks targeting less secure elements in the software supply chain and causing significant damage to businesses and organizations. The US and EU governments and industry are equally interested in enhancing software security, including supply chain and...

LeechHijack: Covert Computational Resource Exploitation in Intelligent Agent Systems

Large Language Model LLM-based agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning, planning, and tool usage. The recently proposed Model Context Protocol MCP has emerged as a unifying framework for integrating external tools into agent systems, enabling a thriving open ecosystem of...

FortiWeb Authentication Bypass Artifact Generator

This script attempts to detect if FortiWeb is vulnerable to authentication bypass. FortiWeb versions below 8.0.2 are affected...

Behind the Curtain: How Shared Hosting Providers Respond to Vulnerability Notifications

Large-scale vulnerability notifications VNs can help hosting provider organizations HPOs identify and remediate security vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit in data breaches or phishing campaigns. Previous VN studies have primarily focused on factors under the control of reporters, such as...

An Introductory Review of the Theory of Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution: Fundamentals, Protocols, and Security

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution CV-QKD has emerged as a promising approach for secure quantum communication, offering advantages such as high key generation rates, compatibility with standard telecommunication infrastructure, and potential for integration on photonic chips. This revi...

BackportBench: A Multilingual Benchmark for Automated Backporting of Patches

Many modern software projects evolve rapidly to incorporate new features and security patches. It is important for users to update their dependencies to safer versions, but many still use older, vulnerable package versions because upgrading can be difficult and may break their existing codebase...

Rethinking Cybersecurity Ontology Classification and Evaluation: Towards a Credibility-Centered Framework

This paper analyzes the proliferation of cybersecurity ontologies, arguing that this surge cannot be explained solely by technical shortcomings related to quality, but also by a credibility deficit - a lack of trust, endorsement, and adoption by users. This conclusion is based on our first...

INFERMAL: Inferential Analysis of Maliciously Registered Domains

Cybercriminals have long depended on domain names for phishing, spam, malware distribution, and botnet operation. To facilitate the malicious activities, they continually register new domain names for exploitation. Previous work revealed an abnormally high concentration of malicious registrations...

AI-Driven Cybersecurity Testbed for Nuclear Infrastructure: Comprehensive Evaluation Using METL Operational Data

Advanced nuclear reactor systems face increasing cybersecurity threats as sophisticated attackers exploit cyber-physical interfaces to manipulate control systems while evading traditional IT security measures. This research presents a comprehensive evaluation of artificial intelligence approaches...

WhiteLie: A Robust System for Spoofing User Data in Android Platforms

Android employs a permission framework that empowers users to either accept or deny sharing their private data for example, location with an app. However, many apps tend to crash when they are denied permission, leaving users no choice but to allow access to their data in order to use the app. In...

Beyond the Hype: A Large-Scale Empirical Analysis of On-Chain Transactions in NFT Scams

Non-fungible tokens NFTs serve as a representative form of digital asset ownership and have attracted numerous investors, creators, and tech enthusiasts in recent years. However, related fraud activities, especially phishing scams, have caused significant property losses. There are many graph...

CVE Breadcrumbs: Tracking Vulnerabilities through Versioned Apache Libraries

The Apache Software Foundation ASF ecosystem underpins a vast portion of modern software infrastructure, powering widely used components such as Log4j, Tomcat, and Struts. However, the ubiquity of these libraries has made them prime targets for high-impact security vulnerabilities, as illustrated...

COGNITION: From Evaluation to Defense against Multimodal LLM CAPTCHA Solvers

This paper studies how multimodal large language models MLLMs undermine the security guarantees of visual CAPTCHA. We identify the attack surface where an adversary can cheaply automate CAPTCHA solving using off-the-shelf models. We evaluate 7 leading commercial and open-source MLLMs across 18...

Demystifying Feature Engineering in Malware Analysis of API Call Sequences

Machine learning ML has been widely used to analyze API call sequences in malware analysis, which typically requires the expertise of domain specialists to extract relevant features from raw data. The extracted features play a critical role in malware analysis. Traditional feature extraction is...

Physical ID-Transfer Attacks against Multi-Object Tracking Via Adversarial Trajectory

Multi-Object Tracking MOT is a critical task in computer vision, with applications ranging from surveillance systems to autonomous driving. However, threats to MOT algorithms have yet been widely studied. In particular, incorrect association between the tracked objects and their assigned IDs can...

Apache bRPC Server Crash

Apache bRPC versions prior to 1.15.0 has an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability that allows for a server crash...

Systems Security Foundations for Agentic Computing

This paper articulates short- and long-term research problems in AI agent security and privacy, using the lens of computer systems security. This approach examines end-to-end security properties of entire systems, rather than AI models in isolation. While we recognize that hardening a single mode...

Securing Large Language Models (LLMs) from Prompt Injection Attacks

Large Language Models LLMs are increasingly being deployed in real-world applications, but their flexibility exposes them to prompt injection attacks. These attacks leverage the model's instruction-following ability to make it perform malicious tasks. Recent work has proposed JATMO, a task-specif...

Secure Over-The-Air Computation against Multiple Eavesdroppers Using Correlated Artificial Noise

In the era of the Internet of Things and massive connectivity, many engineering applications, such as sensor fusion and federated edge learning, rely on efficient data aggregation from geographically distributed users over wireless networks. Over-the-air computation shows promising potential for...

Hesperus Is Phosphorus: Mapping Threat Actor Naming Taxonomies at Scale

This paper studies the problem of Threat Actor TA naming convention inconsistency across leading Cyber Threat Intelligence CTI vendors. The current decentralized and proprietary nomenclature creates confusion and significant obstacles for researchers, including difficulties in integrating and...

Deterministic Random Bit Generators Based on Ascon for Embedded Systems

As the Deterministic Random Bit Generator DRBG serves as a fundamental component in random number generation and cryptographic applications, its performance and security are particularly critical in resource-constrained embedded systems, where memory capacity and computational efficiency are...