Paged Out! Magazine Issue 8

Paged Out! magazine issue 8 includes sections related to art, algorithms, artificial intelligence, assembly, cryptography, encodings, file formats, food for thought, hardware, networks, OS internals, operating systems, programming, retro stuff, reverse engineering, security / hacking, and system...

Paged Out! Magazine Issue 9

Paged Out! magazine issue 9 includes sections related to art, algorithms, artificial intelligence, cryptography, electronics, file formats, food for thought, forensics, game development, hardware, history, OS internals, operating systems, programming, retro stuff, reverse engineering, and securit...

Securing Load Balancing over QUIC

In-network load balancing outperforms traditional software load balancing while costing less. For instance, programmable switch ASICs can use hashing to select the backend server for the initial packet of each flow at the line rate. However, when the pool of available servers changes, ensuring th...

Specter 2.3 NFC Reader / Skimmer Bug-Sweep

Specter turns your Flipper Zero into a pocket counter-surveillance bug-sweep for active 13.56 MHz NFC readers - a hidden card skimmer slipped into a payment terminal, a covert reader behind a door panel, a rogue logger taped under a desk. It passively senses the RF carrier that any powered-on...

Security in Low-Altitude ISAC with Coupled Communication and Sensing Information Leakage

Secure information transmission in integrated sensing and communication ISAC systems deployed in low-altitude wireless networks LAWN is particularly challenging due to the open airspace and the broadcast nature of wireless signals reused for both communication and sensing, which give rise to more...

A Decade of Healthcare Cyber Threats: Empirical Analysis, Evidence-Based Prioritisation, and AI Threat Model

Healthcare systems face persistent and evolving cyber threats, yet how adversarial tactics and techniques have shifted over time has not been systematically characterised using empirical, multi-source data. This paper analyses 1,214 threat records drawn from three authoritative sources: the MITRE...

Stateful Cooperative Agents Safeguarding LLMs against Evolving Multi-Turn Attacks

As LLMs become increasingly integrated into complex applications, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks has raised significant concerns. However, existing defenses remain reactive in nature. This limitation makes it difficult for them to counter sophisticated threats, as adversaries...

Formalization of Security

Proof assistants are often used to validate that designs and implementations meet their expected security properties. A further motivation for using proof assistants is to support certification. This chapter focuses on their applications to system security, language-based security, secure...

Deterministic QKD Source Robust against Side-Channel Attacks

Quantum key distribution QKD is secure in principle, but practical security can be undermined by discrepancies between real devices and the idealized models assumed in security proofs. Source side channels, including those exploited by Trojan-horse attacks, are particularly detrimental: neglectin...

CoGate: Confidence-Gated Co-Decoding for Secure Code Generation

Large language models are widely used for code generation, but they can also produce insecure programs due to patterns learned from their pretraining data. Decoding-time steering has become an important solution to this problem: a small expert model is combined with the target model at each step ...

angr 9.3.1

angr is an open-source binary analysis platform for Python. It combines both static and dynamic symbolic "concolic" analysis, providing tools to solve a variety of tasks...

Enhancing the Security of Coherent One-Way Quantum Key Distribution Using CHSH Correlations

The coherent one-way COW protocol is a quantum key distribution scheme that has attracted significant attention, leading to the development and commercialization of practical implementations. Despite this progress, the security of the COW protocol has remained a fundamental challenge since its...

Targeted Quarantine Strategies Mitigate SIS-Model Cyber Epidemics on Complex Networks

The rapid expansion of highly connected and heterogeneous digital infrastructures has fundamentally altered the dynamics of cyber epidemics, making it increasingly important to understand how malware propagates under realistic structural and policy conditions. In this study, we employ an SIS...

AgentSnare: Learning to Delay, Divert, and Defuse Autonomous Penetration Agents

Large language model LLM agents automate penetration testing through an observation-action loop, selecting actions based on observations returned by tools. This dependence allows defenders to inject deceptive observations that can mislead the agent's decision-making process. However, existing...

Joern 4.0.590

Joern is the bug hunter's workbench. With this tool, you can uncover attack surface, sloppy coding practices, and variants of known vulnerabilities using an interactive code analysis shell. Joern supports C, C++, LLVM bitcode, x86 binaries via Ghidra, JVM bytecode via Soot, and Javascript...

When LLM Defenses Backfire: Characterizing Safety, Performance, and Cost Trade-Offs

Jailbreak defenses are essential for protecting large language models LLMs, but they can also introduce secondary costs that weaken model utility. We present a systematic study of these defense trade-offs along three dimensions: performance impact, over-refusal on benign inputs, and inference cos...

Xalgorix Autonomous AI Pentesting Agent 4.5.87

Most scanners detect. Xalgorix proves. An autonomous LLM agent works a full pentest methodology, then an independent verifier re-exploits every finding before it's reported - so you get proof, not a pile of maybes to triage. Self-hosted, private, and bring-your-own-LLM. Built in Go + TypeScript...

ADVERSARIAL: And-Inverter Graph-Assisted Hardware Trojan Detection at Scale

Modern System-on-Chip SoCs often contain hundreds of millions to tens of billions of gates, making existing Hardware Trojan HT detection methods impractical due to their immense scale. The proposed approach incorporates symbolically enabled learning by modeling flattened gate-level netlists as...

ManageEngine AD360 Detection Tool

A proof of concept detection tool for ManageEngine AD360 products affected by CVE-2026-11374. The Python utility safely checks whether an ADSelfService Plus, RecoveryManager Plus, M365 Manager Plus, or ADAudit Plus deployment is AD360-integrated and therefore meets the exploit precondition for th...

Construction of a Class of Communication-Efficient Quantum Secret Sharing Schemes

Quantum secret sharing is a fundamental technique in quantum cryptography. However, in practical quantum networks, it still faces several bottlenecks, such as high quantum communication cost and low transmission efficiency. To reduce the communication cost, ramp quantum secret sharing schemes hav...

Qualys Security Advisory - snap-confine Privilege Escalation

Qualys has discovered a local root privilege escalation vulnerability in set-capabilities versions of snap-confine...

Residual Observability and Attack Detectability in Encrypted OPC UA Traffic

OPC Unified Architecture OPC UA encryption conceals application-layer semantics and restricts intrusion detection to residual communication structure. Although machine learning-based intrusion detection systems IDSs can detect attacks in encrypted OPC UA traffic, the relationship between residual...

A Multi-Model Hybrid Defense Approach against White-Box Adversarial Attacks in Computer Network Traffic

It is crucial to safeguard computer networks from evolving network security threats and unknown cyberattacks. An essential tool for protecting computer networks against unknown cyber threats is Network Intrusion Detection System NIDS. However, NIDS faces a major security concern due to its...

A Non-Intrusive Traffic Analysis Framework for Authorization Risk Detection and Coordinated Response in Web Applications

Authorization violations under valid Web sessions are difficult to identify and handle in real time from traffic because they depend strongly on business semantics and exhibit few distinctive protocol-level features. This paper proposes a non-intrusive traffic analysis framework for authorization...

SonicWall SMA1000 Series SSRF Detection Tool

A safe detection tool for identifying CVE-2026-15409 affecting SonicWall SMA1000 Series appliances. The Python utility performs non-destructive checks by issuing requests to common application endpoints using an external test URL and reports indicators of possible server-side request forgery...

Security Evaluation of Quantum Distance-Bounding Protocols Via Semidefinite Programming

Quantum distance-bounding QDB protocols let a verifier check that a prover is both genuine and physically nearby. During a timed fast phase of quantum communication, the verifier measures round-trip times to obtain an upper bound on the prover's distance. For a uniform comparison, we isolate the...

Towards Quantum Machine Learning for Assessing the Resilience of Post-Quantum Cryptography

The potential capabilities of quantum computers motivated the development of cryptographic protocols suitable for securing communication against adversaries with access to large fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, even though current quantum computers are limited in terms of size and...

Rethinking Penetration Testing for AI-Enabled Systems: From Resource Compromise to Behavioral Objective Violation

Penetration testing traditionally evaluates whether adversaries can exploit weaknesses in software, infrastructure, configurations, or operational controls to achieve security-relevant compromise. This paradigm remains necessary for AI-enabled systems, but it is no longer sufficient. In such...

Agent Skill Security: Threat Models, Attacks, Defenses, and Evaluation

Reusable skills are becoming a fundamental building block of Large Language Model LLM agents, enabling capabilities to be packaged, shared, and reused across diverse applications. However, existing security research primarily focuses on prompt injection and runtime execution, leaving security ris...

BARS: Benign-Anchored Ranking and Selection for False Alarm Reduction in Network Intrusion Detection

False alarms remain a major barrier to deploying network intrusion detection systems NIDS. In high-volume environments, even a sub-1% false positive rate can generate tens of thousands of daily alerts. Filter-based feature selection is attractive because it operates upstream of the classifier and...

Evaluating Frontier AI Agents As Autonomous Clinical Security Auditors

Clinical AI models can expose patients to harm when adversarial vulnerabilities go undetected, yet formal security auditing requires statistical expertise, specialized tools, and significant time. We present an open evaluation task, built on METR Task Standard v0.3.0, that tests whether frontier ...

When Binaries Talk Back: Representation-Confusion Attacks on LLM-Assisted Reverse Engineering

LLM-assisted reverse-engineering RE systems analyze strings, decompiler output, and tool reports derived from ttacker-controlled binaries. A binary can make data look like instructions or records from one origin look like independent evidence. We call such failures Representation-Confusion Attack...

Trust but Verify? Uncovering the Security Debt of Autonomous Coding Agents

The increasing adoption of autonomous coding agents accelerates software development but also introduces scoped security risks within high-impact file paths that can outpace traditional human review capacity. While prior research has primarily evaluated these systems in terms of functional...

Threat Vectors and the State of the Art in Defense Methods for Security in Neurotechnology

Brain-computer interfaces BCIs are a class of diverse hardware modalities, associated software, and connected devices which are widely used in a variety of fields, including neurosurgery, biomedical data analysis, and neuroimaging. Recent years have seen rapid advancements in BCI technology, and...

Flounder 0.2.0

Flounder turns modern coding agents into an end-to-end security audit system. Give it an authorized target boundary - a repository, source tree, package, deployed clue, or prior run - and the agent can prepare the workspace, read the code and supporting material, map the attack surface, dig into...

OpenEMR 7.0.2 Authenticated Arbitrary File Read

This Metasploit auxiliary module targets an authenticated arbitrary file read vulnerability in the Fax/SMS module of OpenEMR version 7.0.2 and related builds...

ThreatVisionAI: A Hybrid CNN-ViT Framework for Image-Based Malware Classification

Traditional malware detection methods struggle to generalize to obfuscated or previously unseen threats. This paper introduces ThreatVisionAI, a hybrid malware family classification framework that integrates a raw-image CNN, a wavelet-based CNN, and a Vision Transformer ViT to capture complementa...

Nebula AI-Powered Penetration Testing 2.0.0b31

Nebula is an advanced, AI-powered penetration testing open-source tool that revolutionizes penetration testing by integrating state-of-the-art AI models into your command-line interface. Designed for cybersecurity professionals, ethical hackers, and developers, Nebula automates vulnerability...

Agentic and Generative AI for Open-Source Intelligence and Cyber Investigations: Taxonomy, Evaluation, Challenges, and Future Directions

The rapid growth of publicly available digital information has rendered manual open-source intelligence OSINT analysis insufficient for modern intelligence, cybersecurity, and cyber investigation. Large language models LLMs and agentic AI systems, capable of tool use, multi-step reasoning, and...

Apache .htaccess Persistence

This Metasploit module writes a persistence payload into an Apache .htaccess file using modcgi. The .htaccess file itself acts as a CGI shell, executing commands passed via the query string. Inspired by the htshells project by wireghoul...

Trust Boundary Semantic Gaps: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis and Mitigation for Security-By-Design

Modern systems use format-, protocol-, and signature-based mechanisms before accepting artifacts across trust boundaries. These mechanisms are necessary: they show that an artifact is well formed, protocol-compliant, or properly authenticated. They do not, however, show that the artifact satisfie...

Overview of Risk Assessment and Management for Intelligent Systems under the AI Act and Beyond

The society and emerging risk-based regulatory frameworks for AI underscore the need for rigorous risk assessment to ensure safe and reliable AI systems. In response to this imperative, this paper presents an overview of AI risk assessment identification and analysis and management methodologies...

LIB-TRAP: Standard Cell Library Hardware Trojan Risk Assessment and Prevention

Vulnerabilities inherent to the fabless semiconductor manufacturing model have significantly increased the risk of malicious Hardware Trojan HT insertion, posing severe threats to hardware security. Several HT mitigation and detection strategies have been developed, and existing works explore the...

TOR Virtual Network Tunneling Tool 0.4.9.11

Tor is a network of virtual tunnels that allows people and groups to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features. It provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow...

Joern 4.0.568

Joern is the bug hunter's workbench. With this tool, you can uncover attack surface, sloppy coding practices, and variants of known vulnerabilities using an interactive code analysis shell. Joern supports C, C++, LLVM bitcode, x86 binaries via Ghidra, JVM bytecode via Soot, and Javascript...

RedAmon 5.1.0

An autonomous AI framework that chains reconnaissance, exploitation, and post-exploitation into a single pipeline, then goes further by triaging every finding, implementing code fixes, and opening pull requests on your repository. From first packet to merged patch, with human oversight at every...

PowerFuzz: Power-Based Black-Box Firmware Fuzzing

Fuzzing is widely used for software and hardware verification, offering an effective alternative to random testing. While gray-box fuzzers benefit from full visibility into the system under test and can leverage execution feedback such as branch coverage, these approaches are not applicable when...

CVE MCP Server 0.2.0

CVE MCP Server is a production-grade Model Context Protocol MCP server that turns Claude into a full-spectrum security analyst. Instead of juggling 15+ browser tabs across NVD, EPSS, CISA KEV, Shodan, VirusTotal, and GreyNoise, ask Claude one question and get correlated intelligence in seconds...

Rising from the Ashes: How Agentic AI Is Unblocking Challenges in Cybersecurity

Security remains a high-cost challenge, with many problems historically deemed inefficient to address or effectively unsolvable. A significant number of these problems stem from labor-intensive tasks that create bottlenecks in defensive approaches. Agentic AI has the potential to alleviate these...

Apache 2.4.66 HTTP/2 mod_http2 Double-Free Denial of Service

This script is a multi-mode security tool that triggers a denial of service against Apache HTTP Server version 2.4.66 related to a double-free condition in HTTP/2 handling...