SoK: DARPA'S AI Cyber Challenge (AIxCC): Competition Design, Architectures, and Lessons Learned

DARPA's AI Cyber Challenge AIxCC, 2023--2025 is the largest competition to date for building fully autonomous cyber reasoning systems CRSs that leverage recent advances in AI -- particularly large language models LLMs -- to discover and remediate vulnerabilities in real-world open-source software...

AlertBERT: A Noise-Robust Alert Grouping Framework for Simultaneous Cyber Attacks

Automated detection of cyber attacks is a critical capability to counteract the growing volume and sophistication of cyber attacks. However, the high numbers of security alerts issued by intrusion detection systems lead to alert fatigue among analysts working in security operations centres SOC,...

Trojans in Artificial Intelligence (TrojAI) Final Report

The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity IARPA launched the TrojAI program to confront an emerging vulnerability in modern artificial intelligence: the threat of AI Trojans. These AI trojans are malicious, hidden backdoors intentionally embedded within an AI model that can cause a...

Hydra: Robust Hardware-Assisted Malware Detection

Malware detection using Hardware Performance Counters HPCs offers a promising, low-overhead approach for monitoring program behavior. However, a fundamental architectural constraint, that only a limited number of hardware events can be monitored concurrently, creates a significant bottleneck,...

Evaluating and Enhancing the Vulnerability Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models

Large Language Models LLMs have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in vulnerability detection. However, a critical reliability gap persists: models frequently yield correct detection verdicts based on hallucinated logic or superficial patterns that deviate from the actual root cause. This...

Next-Generation Cyberattack Detection with Large Language Models: Anomaly Analysis across Heterogeneous Logs

This project explores large language models LLMs for anomaly detection across heterogeneous log sources. Traditional intrusion detection systems suffer from high false positive rates, semantic blindness, and data scarcity, as logs are inherently sensitive, making clean datasets rare. We address...

CISA: Reducing the Attack Surface for End-of-Support Edge Devices

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency CISA, the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI, and the U.K.’s National Cyber Security Centre NCSC are releasing this fact sheet to urge defensive action against malicious cyber activity by nation-state threat actors. Nation-state threat actors...

KRONE: Hierarchical and Modular Log Anomaly Detection

Log anomaly detection is crucial for uncovering system failures and security risks. Although logs originate from nested component executions with clear boundaries, this structure is lost when they are stored as flat sequences. As a result, state-of-the-art methods risk missing true dependencies...

Jamming Attacks on the Random Access Channel in 5G and B5G Networks

Random Access Channel RACH jamming poses a critical security threat to 5G and beyond B5G networks. This paper presents an analytical model for predicting the impact of Msg1 jamming attacks on RACH performance. We use the OpenAirInterface OAI open-source user equipment UE to implement a Msg1 jammi...

TrapSuffix: Proactive Defense against Adversarial Suffixes in Jailbreaking

Suffix-based jailbreak attacks append an adversarial suffix, i.e., a short token sequence, to steer aligned LLMs into unsafe outputs. Since suffixes are free-form text, they admit endlessly many surface forms, making jailbreak mitigation difficult. Most existing defenses depend on passive detecti...

ShallowJail: Steering Jailbreaks against Large Language Models

Large Language ModelsLLMs have been successful in numerous fields. Alignment has usually been applied to prevent them from harmful purposes. However, aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that deliberately mislead them into producing harmful outputs. Existing jailbreaks are either...

Empirical Analysis of Adversarial Robustness and Explainability Drift in Cybersecurity Classifiers

Machine learning ML models are increasingly deployed in cybersecurity applications such as phishing detection and network intrusion prevention. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations small, deliberate input modifications that can degrade detection accuracy and...

ACORN-IDS: Adaptive Continual Novelty Detection for Intrusion Detection Systems

Intrusion Detection Systems IDS must maintain reliable detection performance under rapidly evolving benign traffic patterns and the continual emergence of cyberattacks, including zero-day threats with no labeled data available. However, most machine learning-based IDS approaches either assume...

Beyond Function-Level Analysis: Context-Aware Reasoning for Inter-Procedural Vulnerability Detection

Recent progress in ML and LLMs has improved vulnerability detection, and recent datasets have reduced label noise and unrelated code changes. However, most existing approaches still operate at the function level, where models are asked to predict whether a single function is vulnerable without...

Zabbix Agent Binaries Path Abuse Scanner

This scanner performs automated static analysis of Zabbix Agent binaries to detect hardcoded OpenSSL configuration paths that may enable provider or engine abuse. It identifies embedded OPENSSLDIR, ENGINESDIR, and MODULESDIR values, extracts OpenSSL version information, and checks for dynamic...

YARA-X 1.13.0

YARA-X is a re-incarnation of YARA, a pattern matching tool designed with malware researchers in mind. This new incarnation intends to be faster, safer and more user-friendly than its predecessor. The ultimate goal of YARA-X is replacing YARA as the default pattern matching tool for malware...

Beyond Crash: Hijacking Your Autonomous Vehicle for Fun and Profit

Autonomous Vehicles AVs, especially vision-based AVs, are rapidly being deployed without human operators. As AVs operate in safety-critical environments, understanding their robustness in an adversarial environment is an important research problem. Prior physical adversarial attacks on vision-bas...

Microsoft Windows 10 DLL Hijacking Scanner

This PHP class provides a security assessment tool for detecting potential DLL hijacking vulnerabilities on Windows systems. It's designed for educational and defensive security purposes only. that can be exploited on many recent versions of Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2022...

Persistent Human Feedback, LLMs, and Static Analyzers for Secure Code Generation and Vulnerability Detection

Existing literature heavily relies on static analysis tools to evaluate LLMs for secure code generation and vulnerability detection. We reviewed 1,080 LLM-generated code samples, built a human-validated ground-truth, and compared the outputs of two widely used static security tools, CodeQL and...

Deep Learning for Contextualized NetFlow-Based Network Intrusion Detection: Methods, Data, Evaluation and Deployment

Network Intrusion Detection Systems NIDS have progressively shifted from signature-based techniques toward machine learning and, more recently, deep learning methods. Meanwhile, the widespread adoption of encryption has reduced payload visibility, weakening inspection pipelines that depend on...

Semi-Device-Independent Quantum Random Number Generator Resistant to General Attacks

Quantum random number generators QRNGs produce true random numbers based on the inherent randomness of quantum theory, rendering them a foundational segment of quantum cryptography. Distinguished from trusted-device QRNGs whose security depends on characterized devices, semi-device-independent...

Entropy Bounds Via Hypothesis Testing and Its Applications to Two-Way Key Distillation in Quantum Cryptography

Quantum key distribution QKD achieves information-theoretic security, without relying on computational assumptions, by distributing quantum states. To establish secret bits, two honest parties exploit key distillation protocols over measurement outcomes resulting after the the distribution of...

Clouding the Mirror: Stealthy Prompt Injection Attacks Targeting LLM-Based Phishing Detection

Phishing sites continue to grow in volume and sophistication. Recent work leverages large language models LLMs to analyze URLs, HTML, and rendered content to decide whether a website is a phishing site. While these approaches are promising, LLMs are inherently vulnerable to prompt injection PI...

Characterizing and Modeling the GitHub Security Advisories Review Pipeline

GitHub Security Advisories GHSA have become a central component of open-source vulnerability disclosure and are widely used by developers and security tools. A distinctive feature of GHSA is that only a fraction of advisories are reviewed by GitHub, while the mechanisms associated with this revie...

GNSS SpAmming: A Spoofing-Based GNSS Denial-Of-Service Attack

GNSSs are vulnerable to attacks of two kinds: jamming i.e. denying access to the signal and spoofing i.e. impersonating a legitimate satellite. These attacks have been extensively studied, and we have a myriad of countermeasures to mitigate them. In this paper we expose a new type of attack:...

Identifying Adversary Tactics and Techniques in Malware Binaries with an LLM Agent

Understanding TTPs Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures in malware binaries is essential for security analysis and threat intelligence, yet remains challenging in practice. Real-world malware binaries are typically stripped of symbols, contain large numbers of functions, and distribute malicious...

Inference-Time Backdoors Via Hidden Instructions in LLM Chat Templates

Open-weight language models are increasingly used in production settings, raising new security challenges. One prominent threat in this context is backdoor attacks, in which adversaries embed hidden behaviors in language models that activate under specific conditions. Previous work has assumed th...

Hallucination-Resistant Security Planning with a Large Language Model

Large language models LLMs are promising tools for supporting security management tasks, such as incident response planning. However, their unreliability and tendency to hallucinate remain significant challenges. In this paper, we address these challenges by introducing a principled framework for...

CVE-Factory: Scaling Expert-Level Agentic Tasks for Code Security Vulnerability

CVE-Factory is a Multi-Agent system for fully automated, end-to-end CVE reproduction. Given CVE records, the system automatically researches details, generates test cases, builds Docker environments, and validates that each vulnerability can be both exploited and patched. The pipeline transforms...

Cockpit CMS 0.13.0 Multi-Endpoint Injection Scanner

Cockpit CMS version 0.13.0 multi-endpoint injection scanner. This tool is a defensive security scanner designed to safely assess web application endpoints for potential input-validation and injection weaknesses without executing any commands. It sends non-executable canary payloads through...

Post-Quantum Identity-Based TLS for 5G Service-Based Architecture and Cloud-Native Infrastructure

Cloud-native application platforms and latency-sensitive systems such as 5G Core networks rely heavily on certificate-based Public Key Infrastructure PKI and mutual TLS to secure service-to-service communication. While effective, this model introduces significant operational and performance...

Trojan Attacks on Neural Network Controllers for Robotic Systems

Neural network controllers are increasingly deployed in robotic systems for tasks such as trajectory tracking and pose stabilization. However, their reliance on potentially untrusted training pipelines or supply chains introduces significant security vulnerabilities. This paper investigates...

Crypto-RV: High-Efficiency FPGA-Based RISC-V Cryptographic Co-Processor for IoT Security

Cryptographic operations are critical for securing IoT, edge computing, and autonomous systems. However, current RISC-V platforms lack efficient hardware support for comprehensive cryptographic algorithm families and post-quantum cryptography. This paper presents Crypto-RV, a RISC-V co-processor...

Bypassing AI Control Protocols Via Agent-As-A-Proxy Attacks

As AI agents automate critical workloads, they remain vulnerable to indirect prompt injection IPI attacks. Current defenses rely on monitoring protocols that jointly evaluate an agent's Chain-of-Thought CoT and tool-use actions to ensure alignment with user intent. We demonstrate that these...

Availability Attacks without an Adversary: Evidence from Enterprise LANs

Denial-of-Service DoS conditions in enterprise networks are commonly attributed to malicious actors. However, availability can also be compromised by benign non-malicious insider behavior. This paper presents an empirical study of a production enterprise LAN that demonstrates how routine docking...

Can Developers Rely on LLMs for Secure IaC Development?

We investigated the capabilities of GPT-4o and Gemini 2.0 Flash for secure Infrastructure as Code IaC development. For security smell detection, on the Stack Overflow dataset, which primarily contains small, simplified code snippets, the models detected at least 71% of security smells when prompt...

I Can't Believe It's Not a Valid Exploit

Recently Large Language Models LLMs have been used in security vulnerability detection tasks including generating proof-of-concept PoC exploits. A PoC exploit is a program used to demonstrate how a vulnerability can be exploited. Several approaches suggest that supporting LLMs with additional...

Cyber Insurance, Audit, and Policy: Review, Analysis and Recommendations

Cyber insurance, which protects insured organizations against financial losses from cyberattacks and data breaches, can be difficult and expensive to obtain for many organizations. These difficulties stem from insurers difficulty in understanding and accurately assessing the risks that they are...

AIDE 0.19.3

AIDE Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment is a free replacement for Tripwiretm. It generates a database that can be used to check the integrity of files on server. It uses regular expressions for determining which files get added to the database. You can use several message digest algorithms ...

Mopri - an Analysis Framework for Unveiling Privacy Violations in Mobile Apps

Everyday services of society increasingly rely on mobile applications, resulting in a conflicting situation between the possibility of participation on the one side and user privacy and digital freedom on the other. In order to protect users' rights to informational self-determination, regulatory...

Reading between the Code Lines: On the Use of Self-Admitted Technical Debt for Security Analysis

Static Analysis Tools SATs are central to security engineering activities, as they enable early identification of code weaknesses without requiring execution. However, their effectiveness is often limited by high false-positive rates and incomplete coverage of vulnerability classes. At the same...

Reference-Free EM Validation Flow for Detecting Triggered Hardware Trojans

Hardware Trojans HTs threaten the trust and reliability of integrated circuits ICs, particularly when triggered HTs remain dormant during standard testing and activate only under rare conditions. Existing electromagnetic EM side-channel-based detection techniques often rely on golden references o...

Steganographic Information Hiding Via Symmetric Numerical Semigroups

We introduce a steganographic information hiding scheme based on structural properties of numerical semigroups arising from the Frobenius coin problem. Instead of encoding data through representable integers, the proposed protocol embeds information into the gap structure of carefully chosen...

WordPress Blubrry PowerPress 6.0 Cross Site Scripting

A cross site scripting vulnerability exists in Blubrry PowerPress WordPress Plugin version 6.0. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML. This issue is older research added to the archive...

Plikli CMS 4.0.0 Blind SQL Injection

A blind SQL injection vulnerability exists in Plikli CMS version 4.0.0. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database. This is older research added to the archive...

FreshRSS 1.11.1 Cross Site Scripting

Multiple cross site scripting vulnerabilities exist in FreshRSS version 1.11.1. The vulnerabilities allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML. This issue is older research added to the archive...

phpMemAdmin Cross Site Scripting

A cross site scripting vulnerability exists in phpMemAdmin. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML. This issue is older research added to the archive...

TestLink 1.9.13 SQL Injection

A SQL injection vulnerability exists in TestLink version 1.9.13. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database. This issue is older research added to the archive...

ElkArte 1.1.0 Cross Site Scripting

A cross site scripting vulnerability exists in ElkArte Forum version 1.1.0. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML. This issue is older research added to the archive...

SOPlanning 1.41 SQL Injection

A SQL injection vulnerability exists in SOPlanning version 1.41. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially compromise the database. This issue is older research added to the archive...