Crontab Privilege Escalation

Two group crontab to root privilege separation bypasses were found. This is older research from 2017 that was missing from the archive...

Wazuh 4.14.3

Wazuh is a free and open source security platform that unifies XDR and SIEM capabilities. It protects workloads across on-premises, virtualized, containerized, and cloud-based environments. This is the source code release...

Agentic Knowledge Distillation: Autonomous Training of Small Language Models for SMS Threat Detection

SMS-based phishing smishing attacks have surged, yet training effective on-device detectors requires labelled threat data that quickly becomes outdated. To deal with this issue, we present Agentic Knowledge Distillation, which consists of a powerful LLM acts as an autonomous teacher that fine-tun...

Security Assessment of Intel TDX with Support for Live Migration

In the second and third quarters of 2025, Google collaborated with Intel to conduct a security assessment of Intel Trust Domain Extensions TDX, extending Google's previous review and covering major changes since Intel TDX Module 1.0 - namely support for Live Migration and Trusted Domain TD...

Vulnerabilities in Partial TEE-Shielded LLM Inference with Precomputed Noise

The deployment of large language models LLMs on third-party devices requires new ways to protect model intellectual property. While Trusted Execution Environments TEEs offer a promising solution, their performance limits can lead to a critical compromise: using a precomputed, static secret basis ...

SecureScan: An AI-Driven Multi-Layer Framework for Malware and Phishing Detection Using Logistic Regression and Threat Intelligence Integration

The growing sophistication of modern malware and phishing campaigns has diminished the effectiveness of traditional signature-based intrusion detection systems. This work presents SecureScan, an AI-driven, triple-layer detection framework that integrates logistic regression-based classification,...

TRACE: Timely Retrieval and Alignment for Cybersecurity Knowledge Graph Construction and Expansion

The rapid evolution of cyber threats has highlighted significant gaps in security knowledge integration. Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs CKGs relying on structured data inherently exhibit hysteresis, as the timely incorporation of rapidly evolving unstructured data remains limited, potentially...

OpenSSH 10.2p1 Authorized Keys Persistence Tool

This Metasploit Auxiliary module establishes persistent access to remote systems by adding an SSH public key to a target user's authorizedkeys file after successful authentication. The module requires valid SSH credentials password or private key and supports both Unix-like and Windows SSH...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:03.blocklistd

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Due to a programming error, blocklistd leaks a socket descriptor for each adverse event report it receives. Once a certain number of leaked sockets is reached, blocklistd becomes unable to run the helper script: a child process is forked, but this child dereferences a...

Following Dragons: Code Review-Guided Fuzzing

Modern fuzzers scale to large, real-world software but often fail to exercise the program states developers consider most fragile or security-critical. Such states are typically deep in the execution space, gated by preconditions, or overshadowed by lower-value paths that consume limited fuzzing...

LLM-FS: Zero-Shot Feature Selection for Effective and Interpretable Malware Detection

Feature selection FS remains essential for building accurate and interpretable detection models, particularly in high-dimensional malware datasets. Conventional FS methods such as Extra Trees, Variance Threshold, Tree-based models, Chi-Squared tests, ANOVA, Random Selection, and Sequential...

Next.js 15.2.3 Middleware Bypass Scanner

A vulnerability exists in the Next.js middleware handling mechanism, where requests containing the "x-middleware-subrequest" header are processed differently compared to normal requests, potentially allowing attackers to bypass authentication. This is a scanner to test version 15.2.3...

When Handshakes Tell the Truth: Detecting Web Bad Bots Via TLS Fingerprints

Automated traffic continued to surpass human-generated traffic on the web, and a rising proportion of this automation was explicitly malicious. Evasive bots could pretend to be real users, even solve Captchas and mimic human interaction patterns. This work explores a less intrusive, protocol-leve...

jsonpath 1.1.1 Prototype Pollution Scanner

jsonpath version 1.1.1 prototype pollution scanner that checks if a system is vulnerable to CVE-2025-61140 without any actual exploitation...

SecCodePRM: A Process Reward Model for Code Security

Large Language Models are rapidly becoming core components of modern software development workflows, yet ensuring code security remains challenging. Existing vulnerability detection pipelines either rely on static analyzers or use LLM/GNN-based detectors trained with coarse program-level...

GNU Transport Layer Security Library 3.8.12

GnuTLS is a secure communications library implementing the SSL and TLS protocols and technologies around them. It provides a simple C language application programming interface API to access the secure communications protocols, as well as APIs to parse and write X.509, PKCS 12, OpenPGP, and other...

OpenSSL 3.x Malicious AES‑GCM ASN.1 Parameter Injection

This C code is a security research proof of concept targeting OpenSSL's CMS Cryptographic Message Syntax handling. It programmatically creates a syntactically valid CMS AuthEnvelopedData object using AES-256-GCM, then injects a custom-crafted ASN.1 AESGCMPARAMETERS sequence with an abnormally lar...

QRS: A Rule-Synthesizing Neuro-Symbolic Triad for Autonomous Vulnerability Discovery

Static Application Security Testing SAST tools are integral to modern DevSecOps pipelines, yet tools like CodeQL, Semgrep, and SonarQube remain fundamentally constrained: they require expert-crafted queries, generate excessive false positives, and detect only predefined vulnerability patterns...

Breaking 5G on the Lower Layer

As 3GPP systems have strengthened security at the upper layers of the cellular stack, plaintext PHY and MAC layers have remained relatively understudied, though interest in them is growing. In this work, we explore lower-layer exploitation in modern 5G, where recent releases have increased the...

Rethinking Security of Diffusion-Based Generative Steganography

Generative image steganography is a technique that conceals secret messages within generated images, without relying on pre-existing cover images. Recently, a number of diffusion model-based generative image steganography DM-GIS methods have been introduced, which effectively combat traditional...

Robust Vision Systems for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Security Challenges and Attack Vectors

This article investigates the robustness of vision systems in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles CAVs, which is critical for developing Level-5 autonomous driving capabilities. Safe and reliable CAV navigation undeniably depends on robust vision systems that enable accurate detection of objects,...

When Skills Lie: Hidden-Comment Injection in LLM Agents

LLM agents often rely on Skills to describe available tools and recommended procedures. We study a hidden-comment prompt injection risk in this documentation layer: when a Markdown Skill is rendered to HTML, HTML comment blocks can become invisible to human reviewers, yet the raw text may still b...

October 2025 Burp Cross Site Scripting Cheatsheet

This is Portswigger's really useful cross site scripting cheatsheet. Last updated in October of 2025...

Spinel: A Post-Quantum Signature Scheme Based on SLn(Fp) Hashing

The advent of quantum computation compels the cryptographic community to design digital signature schemes whose security extends beyond the classical hardness assumptions. In this work, we introduce Spinel, a post-quantum digital signature scheme that combines the proven security of SPHINCS+ CCS...

SAFuzz: Semantic-Guided Adaptive Fuzzing for LLM-Generated Code

While AI-coding assistants accelerate software development, current testing frameworks struggle to keep pace with the resulting volume of AI-generated code. Traditional fuzzing techniques often allocate resources uniformly and lack semantic awareness of algorithmic vulnerability patterns, leading...

Protecting Context and Prompts: Deterministic Security for Non-Deterministic AI

Large Language Model LLM applications are vulnerable to prompt injection and context manipulation attacks that traditional security models cannot prevent. We introduce two novel primitives--authenticated prompts and authenticated context--that provide cryptographically verifiable provenance acros...

GPU-Fuzz: Finding Memory Errors in Deep Learning Frameworks

GPU memory errors are a critical threat to deep learning DL frameworks, leading to crashes or even security issues. We introduce GPU-Fuzz, a fuzzer locating these issues efficiently by modeling operator parameters as formal constraints. GPU-Fuzz utilizes a constraint solver to generate test cases...

StealthRL: Reinforcement Learning Paraphrase Attacks for Multi-Detector Evasion of AI-Text Detectors

AI-text detectors face a critical robustness challenge: adversarial paraphrasing attacks that preserve semantics while evading detection. We introduce StealthRL, a reinforcement learning framework that stress-tests detector robustness under realistic adversarial conditions. StealthRL trains a...

The Role of Learning in Attacking Intrusion Detection Systems

Recent work on network attacks have demonstrated that ML-based network intrusion detection systems NIDS can be evaded with adversarial perturbations. However, these attacks rely on complex optimizations that have large computational overheads, making them impractical in many real-world settings. ...

I2P 2.11.0

I2P is an anonymizing network, offering a simple layer that identity-sensitive applications can use to securely communicate. All data is wrapped with several layers of encryption, and the network is both distributed and dynamic, with no trusted parties. This is the source code release version...

European Commission Cyber-Attack Response

On 30 January, the European Commission's central infrastructure managing mobile devices identified traces of a cyber-attack, which may have resulted in access to staff names and mobile numbers of some of its staff members. The Commission's swift response ensured the incident was contained and the...

CIC-Trap4Phish: A Unified Multi-Format Dataset for Phishing and Quishing Attachment Detection

Phishing attacks represents one of the primary attack methods which is used by cyber attackers. In many cases, attackers use deceptive emails along with malicious attachments to trick users into giving away sensitive information or installing malware while compromising entire systems. The...

SoK: The Pitfalls of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Cybersecurity

Deep Reinforcement Learning DRL has achieved remarkable success in domains requiring sequential decision-making, motivating its application to cybersecurity problems. However, transitioning DRL from laboratory simulations to bespoke cyber environments can introduce numerous issues. This is furthe...

MUZZLE: Adaptive Agentic Red-Teaming of Web Agents against Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks

Large language model LLM based web agents are increasingly deployed to automate complex online tasks by directly interacting with web sites and performing actions on users' behalf. While these agents offer powerful capabilities, their design exposes them to indirect prompt injection attacks...

Exploring Semantic Labeling Strategies for Third-Party Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Questionnaires

Third-Party Risk Assessment TPRA is a core cybersecurity practice for evaluating suppliers against standards such as ISO/IEC 27001 and NIST. TPRA questionnaires are typically drawn from large repositories of security and compliance questions, yet tailoring assessments to organizational needs...

DyMA-Fuzz: Dynamic Direct Memory Access Abstraction for Re-Hosted Monolithic Firmware Fuzzing

The rise of smart devices in critical domains--including automotive, medical, industrial--demands robust firmware testing. Fuzzing firmware in re-hosted environments is a promising method for automated testing at scale, but remains difficult due to the tight coupling of code with a...

libssh 0.7.6 Advanced SSH Security Testing Tool

This is an advanced SSH security testing tool for libssh that provides robust session management, signal handling, safe memory management, and multiple operational modes while also checking banners to see if libssh is vulnerable to CVE-2018-10933...

Reverse Online Guessing Attacks on PAKE Protocols

Though not yet widely deployed, password-authenticated key exchange PAKE protocols have been the subject of several recent standardization efforts, partly because of their resistance against various guessing attacks, but also because they do not require a public-key infrastructure PKI, making the...

One RNG to Rule Them All: How Randomness Becomes an Attack Vector in Machine Learning

Machine learning relies on randomness as a fundamental component in various steps such as data sampling, data augmentation, weight initialization, and optimization. Most machine learning frameworks use pseudorandom number generators as the source of randomness. However, variations in design choic...

Framework for Integrating Zero Trust in Cloud-Based Endpoint Security for Critical Infrastructure

Cyber threats have become highly sophisticated, prompting a heightened concern for endpoint security, especially in critical infrastructure, to new heights. A security model, such as Zero Trust Architecture ZTA, is required to overcome this challenge. ZTA treats every access request as new and...

Empirical Evaluation of SMOTE in Android Malware Detection with Machine Learning: Challenges and Performance in CICMalDroid 2020

Malware, malicious software designed to damage computer systems and perpetrate scams, is proliferating at an alarming rate, with thousands of new threats emerging daily. Android devices, prevalent in smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, and IoTs, represent a vast attack surface, making malware...

Next-Gen CAPTCHAs: Leveraging the Cognitive Gap for Scalable and Diverse GUI-Agent Defense

The rapid evolution of GUI-enabled agents has rendered traditional CAPTCHAs obsolete. While previous benchmarks like OpenCaptchaWorld established a baseline for evaluating multimodal agents, recent advancements in reasoning-heavy models, such as Gemini3-Pro-High and GPT-5.2-Xhigh have effectively...

XMap: Fast Internet-Wide IPv4 and IPv6 Network Scanner

XMap is an open-source network scanner designed for performing fast Internet-wide IPv4 and IPv6 network research scanning. XMap was initially developed as the research artifact of a paper published at 2021 IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks DSN '21 and then made...

Rethinking Latency Denial-Of-Service: Attacking the LLM Serving Framework, Not the Model

Large Language Models face an emerging and critical threat known as latency attacks. Because LLM inference is inherently expensive, even modest slowdowns can translate into substantial operating costs and severe availability risks. Recently, a growing body of research has focused on algorithmic...

RECUR: Resource Exhaustion Attack Via Recursive-Entropy Guided Counterfactual Utilization and Reflection

Large Reasoning Models LRMs employ reasoning to address complex tasks. Such explicit reasoning requires extended context lengths, resulting in substantially higher resource consumption. Prior work has shown that adversarially crafted inputs can trigger redundant reasoning processes, exposing LRMs...

Evasion of IoT Malware Detection Via Dummy Code Injection

The Internet of Things IoT has revolutionized connectivity by linking billions of devices worldwide. However, this rapid expansion has also introduced severe security vulnerabilities, making IoT devices attractive targets for malware such as the Mirai botnet. Power side-channel analysis has...

CyberExplorer: Benchmarking LLM Offensive Security Capabilities in a Real-World Attacking Simulation Environment

Real-world offensive security operations are inherently open-ended: attackers explore unknown attack surfaces, revise hypotheses under uncertainty, and operate without guaranteed success. Existing LLM-based offensive agent evaluations rely on closed-world settings with predefined goals and binary...

AirCatch: Effectively Tracing Advanced Tag-Based Trackers

Tag-based tracking ecosystems help users locate lost items, but can be leveraged for unwanted tracking and stalking. Existing protocol-driven defenses and prior academic solutions largely assume stable identifiers or predictable beaconing. However, identifier-based defenses fundamentally break do...

Aegis: Towards Governance, Integrity, and Security of AI Voice Agents

With the rapid advancement and adoption of Audio Large Language Models ALLMs, voice agents are now being deployed in high-stakes domains such as banking, customer service, and IT support. However, their vulnerabilities to adversarial misuse still remain unexplored. While prior work has examined...

MemPot: Defending against Memory Extraction Attack with Optimized Honeypots

Large Language Model LLM-based agents employ external and internal memory systems to handle complex, goal-oriented tasks, yet this exposes them to severe extraction attacks, and effective defenses remain lacking. In this paper, we propose MemPot, the first theoretically verified defense framework...