Understanding User Privacy Perceptions of GenAI Smartphones

GenAI smartphones, which natively embed generative AI at the system level, are transforming mobile interactions by automating a wide range of tasks and executing UI actions on behalf of users. Their superior capabilities rely on continuous access to sensitive and context-rich data, raising privac...

FortiClient EMS 7.4.6 Vulnerability Assessment Tool

CVE-2026-35616 is a pre-authentication API bypass in FortiClient EMS 7.4.5 and 7.4.6 that allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to bypass certificate-based authentication through HTTP header spoofing. The Django application trusts user-controllable HTTP headers X-SSL-CLIENT-VERIFY,...

Your Agent, Their Asset: A Real-World Safety Analysis of OpenClaw

OpenClaw, the most widely deployed personal AI agent in early 2026, operates with full local system access and integrates with sensitive services such as Gmail, Stripe, and the filesystem. While these broad privileges enable high levels of automation and powerful personalization, they also expose...

PQC-Enhanced QKD Networks: A Layered Approach

We present a layered and modular network architecture that combines Quantum Key Distribution QKD and Post-Quantum Cryptography PQC to provide scalable end-to-end security across long distance multi-hop, trusted-node quantum networks. To ensure interoperability and efficient practical deployment,...

Towards Resilient Intrusion Detection in CubeSats: Challenges, TinyML Solutions, and Future Directions

CubeSats have revolutionized access to space by providing affordable and accessible platforms for research and education. However, their reliance on Commercial Off-The-Shelf COTS components and open-source software has introduced significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Ensuring the cybersecuri...

MA-IDS: Multi-Agent RAG Framework for IoT Network Intrusion Detection with an Experience Library

Network Intrusion Detection Systems NIDS face important limitations. Signature-based methods are effective for known attack patterns, but they struggle to detect zero-day attacks and often miss modified variants of previously known attacks, while many machine learning approaches offer limited...

Mapping the Exploitation Surface: A 10,000-Trial Taxonomy of What Makes LLM Agents Exploit Vulnerabilities

LLM agents with tool access can discover and exploit security vulnerabilities. This is known. What is not known is which features of a system prompt trigger this behaviour, and which do not. We present a systematic taxonomy based on approximately 10,000 trials across seven models, 37 prompt...

METATRON AI Penetration Testing

Metatron is a CLI-based AI penetration testing assistant that runs entirely on your local machine - no cloud, no API keys, no subscriptions. You give it a target IP or domain. It runs real recon tools nmap, whois, whatweb, curl, dig, nikto, feeds all results to a locally running AI model, and the...

SigCorr 0.1.0

SigCorr detects cross-protocol attack chains spanning SS7/MAP, Diameter S6a, and GTPv2-C interfaces in mobile core networks. It performs unified subscriber identity correlation across protocol boundaries to detect multi-stage attacks that single-interface monitors miss. It is written in Java 17 a...

pstrip64.sys Privilege Escalation

The pstrip64.sys kernel driver exposes an IOCTL that allows low-privileged users to map arbitrary ranges of physical memory into their own virtual address space. This primitive allows full read/write access to the system's physical RAM, enabling attackers to modify critical kernel structures and...

Explainable Autonomous Cyber Defense Using Adversarial Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Autonomous agents are increasingly deployed in both offensive and defensive cyber operations, creating high-speed, closed-loop interactions in critical infrastructure environments. Advanced Persistent Threat APT actors exploit "Living off the Land" techniques and targeted telemetry perturbations ...

ShieldNet: Network-Level Guardrails against Emerging Supply-Chain Injections in Agentic Systems

Existing research on LLM agent security mainly focuses on prompt injection and unsafe input/output behaviors. However, as agents increasingly rely on third-party tools and MCP servers, a new class of supply-chain threats has emerged, where malicious behaviors are embedded in seemingly benign tool...

SALLIE: Safeguarding against Latent Language and Image Exploits

Large Language Models LLMs and Vision-Language Models VLMs remain highly vulnerable to textual and visual jailbreaks, as well as prompt injections arXiv:2307.15043, Greshake et al., 2023, arXiv:2306.13213. Existing defenses often degrade performance through complex input transformations or treat...

A Multi-Agent Framework for Automated Exploit Generation with Constraint-Guided Comprehension and Reflection

Open-source libraries are widely used in modern software development, introducing significant security vulnerabilities. While static analysis tools can identify potential vulnerabilities at scale, they often generate overwhelming reports with high false positive rates. Automated Exploit Generatio...

SE-Enhanced ViT and BiLSTM-Based Intrusion Detection for Secure IIoT and IoMT Environments

With the rapid growth of interconnected devices in Industrial and Medical Internet of Things IIoT and MIoT ecosystems, ensuring timely and accurate detection of cyber threats has become a critical challenge. This study presents an advanced intrusion detection framework based on a hybrid...

Broken by Default: A Formal Verification Study of Security Vulnerabilities in AI-Generated Code

AI coding assistants are now used to generate production code in security-sensitive domains, yet the exploitability of their outputs remains unquantified. We address this gap with Broken by Default: a formal verification study of 3,500 code artifacts generated by seven frontier LLMs across 500...

Comprehensive List of User Deception Techniques in Emails

Email remains a central communication medium, yet its long-standing design and interface conventions continue to enable deceptive attacks. This research note presents a structured list of 42 email-based deception techniques, documented with 64 concrete example implementations, organized around th...

Digital Privacy in IoT: Exploring Challenges, Approaches and Open Issues

Privacy has always been a critical issue in the digital era, particularly with the increasing use of Internet of Things IoT devices. As the IoT continues to transform industries such as healthcare, smart cities, and home automation, it has also introduced serious challenges regarding the security...

Evaluating Future Air Traffic Management Security

The L-Band Digital Aviation Communication System LDACS aims to modernize communications between the aircraft and the tower. Besides digitizing this type of communication, the contributors also focus on protecting them against cyberattacks. There are several proposals regarding LDACS security, and...

NetSecBed: A Container-Native Testbed for Reproducible Cybersecurity Experimentation

Cybersecurity research increasingly depends on reproducible evidence, such as traffic traces, logs, and labeled datasets, yet most public datasets remain static and offer limited support for controlled re-execution and traceability, especially in heterogeneous multi-protocol environments. This...

Invisible Adversaries: A Systematic Study of Session Manipulation Attacks on VPNs

Virtual Private Networks VPNs are widely used for censorship evasion and traffic protection. VPN users expect to be provided with adequate security protection, and at the same time not be affected by other users connected to the same VPN server, which can be illustrated as the non-interference...

CoopGuard: Stateful Cooperative Agents Safeguarding LLMs against Evolving Multi-Round Attacks

As Large Language Models LLMs are increasingly deployed in complex applications, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks raises urgent safety concerns, especially those evolving over multi-round interactions. Existing defenses are largely reactive and struggle to adapt as adversaries refine...

LLM-Enabled Open-Source Systems in the Wild: An Empirical Study of Vulnerabilities in GitHub Security Advisories

Large language models LLMs are increasingly embedded in open-source software OSS ecosystems, creating complex interactions among natural language prompts, probabilistic model outputs, and execution-capable components. However, it remains unclear whether traditional vulnerability disclosure...

Merkle Tree Certificate Post-Quantum PKI for Kubernetes and Cloud-Native 5G/B5G Core

Post-quantum signature schemes such as ML-DSA-65 produce signatures of 3,309 bytes and public keys of 1,952 bytes over 50 times larger than classical Ed25519. In TLS-authenticated environments like Kubernetes control planes and 5G Core networks, where every inter-component connection is mutually...

Semantics over Syntax: Uncovering Pre-Authentication 5G Baseband Vulnerabilities

Modern 5G user equipment UE processes Radio Resource Control RRC configuration messages during early control-plane exchanges, before authentication and integrity protection are established. Prior work for testing 5G UEs has largely focused on constructing syntactically invalid inputs. In contrast...

Towards Unveiling Vulnerabilities of Large Reasoning Models in Machine Unlearning

Large language models LLMs possess strong semantic understanding, driving significant progress in data mining applications. This is further enhanced by large reasoning models LRMs, which provide explicit multi-step reasoning traces. On the other hand, the growing need for the right to be forgotte...

Beamforming Feedback As a Novel Attack Surface for Wi-Fi Physical-Layer Security

With the rapid evolution of wireless technologies, Wi-Fi has expanded beyond its original role in data transmission to support various emerging applications, particularly in physical-layer security, including device authentication, user authentication, and secret key generation. Despite extensive...

Triggering and Detecting Exploitable Library Vulnerability from the Client by Directed Greybox Fuzzing

Developers utilize third-party libraries to improve productivity, which also introduces potential security risks. Existing approaches generate tests for public functions to trigger library vulnerabilities from client programs, yet they depend on proof-of-concepts PoCs, which are often unavailable...

SkillAttack: Automated Red Teaming of Agent Skills through Attack Path Refinement

LLM-based agent systems increasingly rely on agent skills sourced from open registries to extend their capabilities, yet the openness of such ecosystems makes skills difficult to thoroughly vet. Existing attacks rely on injecting malicious instructions into skills, making them easily detectable b...

Explainability-Guided Adversarial Attacks on Transformer-Based Malware Detectors Using Control Flow Graphs

Transformer-based malware detection systems operating on graph modalities such as control flow graphs CFGs achieve strong performance by modeling structural relationships in program behavior. However, their robustness to adversarial evasion attacks remains underexplored. This paper examines the...

Defending Buffer Overflows in WebAssembly: A Transpiler Approach

WebAssembly is quickly becoming a popular compilation target for a variety of code. However, vulnerabilities in the source languages translate to vulnerabilities in the WebAssembly binaries. This work proposes a methodology and a WebAssembly transpiler to prevent buffer overflows in the unmanaged...

Perceptual Gaps: ASCII Art and Overlapping Audio As CAPTCHA

As multimodal large language models LLMs advance, traditional CAPTCHAs have become obsolete at distinguishing humans from bots. To address this shift, this paper aims to investigate the possibility of using tasks for which humans have evolved highly specialised neural processing. We introduce two...

Improving ML Attacks on LWE with Data Repetition and Stepwise Regression

The Learning with Errors LWE problem is a hard math problem in lattice-based cryptography. In the simplest case of binary secrets, it is the subset sum problem, with error. Effective ML attacks on LWE were demonstrated in the case of binary, ternary, and small secrets, succeeding on fairly sparse...

SecPI: Secure Code Generation with Reasoning Models Via Security Reasoning Internalization

Reasoning language models RLMs are increasingly used in programming. Yet, even state-of-the-art RLMs frequently introduce critical security vulnerabilities in generated code. Prior training-based approaches for secure code generation face a critical limitation that prevents their direct applicati...

AttackEval: A Systematic Empirical Study of Prompt Injection Attack Effectiveness against Large Language Models

Prompt injection has emerged as a critical vulnerability in large language model LLM deployments, yet existing research is heavily weighted toward defenses. The attack side -- specifically, which injection strategies are most effective and why -- remains insufficiently studied.We address this gap...

Your Agent Is More Brittle Than You Think: Uncovering Indirect Injection Vulnerabilities in Agentic LLMs

The rapid deployment of open-source frameworks has significantly advanced the development of modern multi-agent systems. However, expanded action spaces, including uncontrolled privilege exposure and hidden inter-system interactions, pose severe security challenges. Specifically, Indirect Prompt...

Measuring the Permission Gate: A Stress-Test Evaluation of Claude Code's Auto Mode

Claude Code's auto mode is the first deployed permission system for AI coding agents, using a two-stage transcript classifier to gate dangerous tool calls. Anthropic reports a 0.4% false positive rate and 17% false negative rate on production traffic. We present the first independent evaluation o...

Towards Predicting Multi-Vulnerability Attack Chains in Software Supply Chains from Software Bill of Materials Graphs

Software supply chain security compromises often stem from cascaded interactions of vulnerabilities, for example, between multiple vulnerable components. Yet, Software Bill of Materials SBOM-based pipelines for security analysis typically treat scanner findings as independent per-CVE Common...

Explainable PQC: A Layered Interpretive Framework for Post-Quantum Cryptographic Security Assumptions

This paper studies how post-quantum cryptographic PQC security assumptions can be represented and communicated through a structured, layered framework that is useful for technical interpretation but does not replace formal cryptographic proofs. We propose "Explainable PQC,'' an interdisciplinary...

Automating Cloud Security and Forensics through a Secure-By-Design Generative AI Framework

As cloud environments become increasingly complex, cybersecurity and forensic investigations must evolve to meet emerging threats. Large Language Models LLMs have shown promise in automating log analysis and reasoning tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks and lack forensic...

ContractShield: Bridging Semantic-Structural Gaps Via Hierarchical Cross-Modal Fusion for Multi-Label Vulnerability Detection in Obfuscated Smart Contracts

Smart contracts are increasingly targeted by adversaries employing obfuscation techniques such as bogus code injection and control flow manipulation to evade vulnerability detection. Existing multimodal methods often process semantic, temporal, and structural features in isolation and fuse them...

Vienna Assistant 1.2.542 Local Privilege Escalation

Vienna Assistant MacOS version 1.2.542 suffers from a missing validation vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation...

Towards Secure Agent Skills: Architecture, Threat Taxonomy, and Security Analysis

Agent Skills is an emerging open standard that defines a modular, filesystem-based packaging format enabling LLM-based agents to acquire domain-specific expertise on demand. Despite rapid adoption across multiple agentic platforms and the emergence of large community marketplaces, the security...

A Tsetlin Machine-Driven Intrusion Detection System for Next-Generation IoMT Security

The rapid adoption of the Internet of Medical Things IoMT is transforming healthcare by enabling seamless connectivity among medical devices, systems, and services. However, it also introduces serious cybersecurity and patient safety concerns as attackers increasingly exploit new methods and...

A Systematic Security Evaluation of OpenClaw and Its Variants

Tool-augmented AI agents substantially extend the practical capabilities of large language models, but they also introduce security risks that cannot be identified through model-only evaluation. In this paper, we present a systematic security assessment of six representative OpenClaw-series agent...

Credential Leakage in LLM Agent Skills: A Large-Scale Empirical Study

Third-party skills extend LLM agents with powerful capabilities but often handle sensitive credentials in privileged environments, making leakage risks poorly understood. We present the first large-scale empirical study of this problem, analyzing 17,022 skills sampled from 170,226 on SkillsMP usi...

Apple Live Caller ID Privacy Concerns

Apple's oblivious HTTP relay for Live Caller ID Lookup iOS 18+ routes traffic through 14 third-party endpoints across six countries. These include an anonymous Delaware LLC sharing data with OpenAI, a Russian endpoint Yandex, and a Swiss GmbH whose privacy policy names "The Legal Entity to be...

ML Defender (ARGus NDR): An Open-Source Embedded ML NIDS for Botnet and Anomalous Traffic Detection in Resource-Constrained Organizations

Ransomware and DDoS attacks disproportionately impact hospitals, schools, and small organizations that cannot afford enterprise security solutions. We present ML Defender aRGus NDR, an open-source network intrusion detection system built in C++20, deployable on commodity hardware at approximately...

Supply-Chain Poisoning Attacks against LLM Coding Agent Skill Ecosystems

LLM-based coding agents extend their capabilities via third-party agent skills distributed through open marketplaces without mandatory security review. Unlike traditional packages, these skills are executed as operational directives with system-level privileges, so a single malicious skill can...

OWASP CRS Arbitrary File Upload

A vulnerability was identified in OWASP CRS where whitespace padding in filenames can bypass file upload extension checks, allowing uploads of dangerous files such as .php, .phar, .jsp, and .jspx. This has been addressed in versions 3.3.9, 4.25.x LTS, and 4.8.x...