Bi-GRPO: Bidirectional Optimization for Jailbreak Backdoor Injection on LLMs

With the rapid advancement of large language models LLMs, their robustness against adversarial manipulations, particularly jailbreak backdoor attacks, has become critically important. Existing approaches to embedding jailbreak triggers--such as supervised fine-tuning SFT, model editing, and...

A Comparative Analysis of Ensemble-Based Machine Learning Approaches with Explainable AI for Multi-Class Intrusion Detection in Drone Networks

The growing integration of drones into civilian, commercial, and defense sectors introduces significant cybersecurity concerns, particularly with the increased risk of network-based intrusions targeting drone communication protocols. Detecting and classifying these intrusions is inherently...

Invisible Ears at Your Fingertips: Acoustic Eavesdropping Via Mouse Sensors

Modern optical mouse sensors, with their advanced precision and high responsiveness, possess an often overlooked vulnerability: they can be exploited for side-channel attacks. This paper introduces Mic-E-Mouse, the first-ever side-channel attack that targets high-performance optical mouse sensors...

Hierarchical Deep Fusion Framework for Multi-Dimensional Facial Forgery Detection - the 2024 Global Deepfake Image Detection Challenge

The proliferation of sophisticated deepfake technology poses significant challenges to digital security and authenticity. Detecting these forgeries, especially across a wide spectrum of manipulation techniques, requires robust and generalized models. This paper introduces the Hierarchical Deep...

What You Code Is What We Prove: Translating BLE App Logic into Formal Models with LLMs for Vulnerability Detection

The application layer of Bluetooth Low Energy BLE is a growing source of security vulnerabilities, as developers often neglect to implement critical protections such as encryption, authentication, and freshness. While formal verification offers a principled way to check these properties, the manu...

A Decade-Long Landscape of Advanced Persistent Threats: Longitudinal Analysis and Global Trends

An advanced persistent threat APT refers to a covert, long-term cyberattack, typically conducted by state-sponsored actors, targeting critical sectors and often remaining undetected for long periods. In response, collective intelligence from around the globe collaborates to identify and trace...

Asymmetry Vulnerability and Physical Attacks on Online Map Construction for Autonomous Driving

High-definition maps provide precise environmental information essential for prediction and planning in autonomous driving systems. Due to the high cost of labeling and maintenance, recent research has turned to online HD map construction using onboard sensor data, offering wider coverage and mor...

From Protest to Power Plant: Interpreting the Role of Escalatory Hacktivism in Cyber Conflict

Since 2022, hacktivist groups have escalated their tactics, expanding from distributed denial-of-service attacks and document leaks to include targeting operational technology OT. By 2024, attacks on the OT of critical national infrastructure CNI had been linked to partisan hacktivist efforts in...

AVX-Based Timing Side Channel — ASLR Detection

This work demonstrates a technique for detecting ASLR using AVX memory load instructions combined with RDTSCP timing and SIGSEGV detection. It illustrates how side-channel timing measurements can be applied to analyze memory layout randomization...

MultiFuzz: a Dense Retrieval-Based Multi-Agent System for Network Protocol Fuzzing

Traditional protocol fuzzing techniques, such as those employed by AFL-based systems, often lack effectiveness due to a limited semantic understanding of complex protocol grammars and rigid seed mutation strategies. Recent works, such as ChatAFL, have integrated Large Language Models LLMs to guid...

WordPress Birth Chart Compatibility 2.0 Path Disclosure

WordPress Birth Chart Compatibility plugin versions 2.0 and below suffer from a path disclosure vulnerability...

Lantronix Provisioning Manager 7.10.3 XML Injection

Lantronix Provisioning Manager version 7.10.3 suffers from an XML injection vulnerability...

Can Multi-Modal (Reasoning) LLMs Detect Document Manipulation?

Document fraud poses a significant threat to industries reliant on secure and verifiable documentation, necessitating robust detection mechanisms. This study investigates the efficacy of state-of-the-art multi-modal large language models LLMs-including OpenAI O1, OpenAI 4o, Gemini Flash thinking,...

Kigen eUICC Type Confusion

Security Explorations has further examined the security of Kigen eUICC cards with GSMA consumer certificates installed. This advisory is an update and expansion to the original research disclosed, however it does not disclose exact details. They do, however, state that the new issue seems more...

WordPress Bricks 1.9.6 Remote Code Execution

This tool is designed to exploit the CVE-2024-25600 vulnerability found in the Bricks Builder plugin for WordPress versions 1.9.6 and below. The vulnerability allows for unauthenticated remote code execution on affected websites. The tool automates the exploitation process by retrieving nonces an...

Semi-Supervised Supply Chain Fraud Detection with Unsupervised Pre-Filtering

Detecting fraud in modern supply chains is a growing challenge, driven by the complexity of global networks and the scarcity of labeled data. Traditional detection methods often struggle with class imbalance and limited supervision, reducing their effectiveness in real-world applications. This...

Measuring the Carbon Footprint of Cryptographic Privacy-Enhancing Technologies

Privacy-enhancing technologies PETs have attracted significant attention in response to privacy regulations, driving the development of applications that prioritize user data protection. At the same time, the information and communication technology ICT sector faces growing pressure to reduce its...

Botan C++ Crypto Algorithms Library 3.9.0

Botan is a C++ library of cryptographic algorithms, including AES, DES, SHA-1, RSA, DSA, Diffie-Hellman, and many others. It also supports X.509 certificates and CRLs, and PKCS 10 certificate requests, and has a high level filter/pipe message processing system. The library is easily portable to...

WordPress Alone Theme 7.8.3 Arbitrary Plugin Upload

WordPress Alone Theme versions 7.8.3 and below suffer from an arbitrary plugin upload vulnerability...

DUP: Detection-Guided Unlearning for Backdoor Purification in Language Models

As backdoor attacks become more stealthy and robust, they reveal critical weaknesses in current defense strategies: detection methods often rely on coarse-grained feature statistics, and purification methods typically require full retraining or additional clean models. To address these challenges...

GitKraken Desktop 11.2.1 Code Injection

GitKraken Desktop versions 10.8.0 through 11.2.1 are vulnerable to code injection via misconfigured Electron Fuses...

Understanding Concept Drift with Deprecated Permissions in Android Malware Detection

Permission analysis is a widely used method for Android malware detection. It involves examining the permissions requested by an application to access sensitive data or perform potentially malicious actions. In recent years, various machine learning ML algorithms have been applied to Android...

On Post-Quantum Cryptography Authentication for Quantum Key Distribution

The traditional way for a Quantum Key Distribution QKD user to join a quantum network is by authenticating themselves using pre-shared key material. While this approach is sufficient for small-scale networks, it becomes impractical as the network grows, due to the total quadratic increase in the...

EdgeAgentX-DT: Integrating Digital Twins and Generative AI for Resilient Edge Intelligence in Tactical Networks

We introduce EdgeAgentX-DT, an advanced extension of the EdgeAgentX framework that integrates digital twin simulations and generative AI-driven scenario training to significantly enhance edge intelligence in military networks. EdgeAgentX-DT utilizes network digital twins, virtual replicas...

WBHT: a Generative Attention Architecture for Detecting Black Hole Anomalies in Backbone Networks

We propose the Wasserstein Black Hole Transformer WBHT framework for detecting black hole BH anomalies in communication networks. These anomalies cause packet loss without failure notifications, disrupting connectivity and leading to financial losses. WBHT combines generative modeling, sequential...

Trusted Data Fusion, Multi-Agent Autonomy, Autonomous Vehicles

Multi-agent collaboration enhances situational awareness in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance ISR missions. Ad hoc networks of unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs allow for real-time data sharing, but they face security challenges due to their decentralized nature, making them vulnerable t...

Towards Unifying Quantitative Security Benchmarking for Multi Agent Systems

Evolving AI systems increasingly deploy multi-agent architectures where autonomous agents collaborate, share information, and delegate tasks through developing protocols. This connectivity, while powerful, introduces novel security risks. One such risk is a cascading risk: a breach in one agent c...

GATEBLEED: Exploiting On-Core Accelerator Power Gating for High Performance and Stealthy Attacks on AI

As power consumption from AI training and inference continues to increase, AI accelerators are being integrated directly into the CPU. Intel's Advanced Matrix Extensions AMX is one such example, debuting on the 4th generation Intel Xeon Scalable CPU. We discover a timing side and covert channel,...

WordPress HT Contact Form Widget 2.2.1 Shell Upload

The WordPress HT Contact Form Widget plugin is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the tempfileupload function in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.1. This allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to the server, potentially leading to...

SAMEP: a Secure Protocol for Persistent Context Sharing across AI Agents

Current AI agent architectures suffer from ephemeral memory limitations, preventing effective collaboration and knowledge sharing across sessions and agent boundaries. We introduce SAMEP Secure Agent Memory Exchange Protocol, a novel framework that enables persistent, secure, and semantically...

WordPress Opal Estate Pro 1.7.5 Privilege Escalation

WordPress Opal Estate Pro plugin versions 1.7.5 and below suffers from a privilege escalation vulnerability...

HexaMorphHash HMH - Homomorphic Hashing for Secure and Efficient Cryptographic Operations in Data Integrity Verification

In the realm of big data and cloud computing, distributed systems are tasked with proficiently managing, storing, and validating extensive datasets across numerous nodes, all while maintaining robust data integrity. Conventional hashing methods, though straightforward, encounter substan tial...

Consumer Beware! Exploring Data Brokers' CCPA Compliance

Data brokers collect and sell the personal information of millions of individuals, often without their knowledge or consent. The California Consumer Privacy Act CCPA grants consumers the legal right to request access to, or deletion of, their data. To facilitate these requests, California maintai...

httpx 1.7.0 Denial of Service / Out-Of-Bounds Read

httpx version 1.7.0 suffers from an out-of-bounds read in trimTitleTags due to a missing bounds check when slicing the title string...

On the Impact of Sybil-Based Attacks on Mobile Crowdsensing for Transportation

Mobile Crowd-Sensing MCS enables users with personal mobile devices PMDs to gain information on their surroundings. Users collect and contribute data on different phenomena using their PMD sensors, and the MCS system processes this data to extract valuable information for end users. Navigation...

Generative AI for Vulnerability Detection in 6G Wireless Networks: Advances, Case Study, and Future Directions

The rapid advancement of 6G wireless networks, IoT, and edge computing has significantly expanded the cyberattack surface, necessitating more intelligent and adaptive vulnerability detection mechanisms. Traditional security methods, while foundational, struggle with zero-day exploits, adversarial...

Accurate BGV Parameters Selection: Accounting for Secret and Public Key Dependencies in Average-Case Analysis

The Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan BGV scheme is one of the most significant fully homomorphic encryption FHE schemes. It belongs to a class of FHE schemes whose security is based on the presumed intractability of the Learning with Errors LWE problem and its ring variant RLWE. Such schemes deal...

SoK: Current State of Ethereum'S Enshrined Proposer Builder Separation

Initially introduced to Ethereum via Flashbots' MEV-boost, Proposer-Builder Separation allows proposers to auction off blockspace to a market of transaction orderers, known as builders. PBS is currently available to validators through the aforementioned MEV-boost, but its unregulated and...

Leveraging GPT-4 for Vulnerability-Witnessing Unit Test Generation

In the life-cycle of software development, testing plays a crucial role in quality assurance. Proper testing not only increases code coverage and prevents regressions but it can also ensure that any potential vulnerabilities in the software are identified and effectively fixed. However, creating...

Explain First, Trust Later: LLM-Augmented Explanations for Graph-Based Crypto Anomaly Detection

The decentralized finance DeFi community has grown rapidly in recent years, pushed forward by cryptocurrency enthusiasts interested in the vast untapped potential of new markets. The surge in popularity of cryptocurrency has ushered in a new era of financial crime. Unfortunately, the novelty of t...

SoK: Advances and Open Problems in Web Tracking

Web tracking is a pervasive and opaque practice that enables personalized advertising, retargeting, and conversion tracking. Over time, it has evolved into a sophisticated and invasive ecosystem, employing increasingly complex techniques to monitor and profile users across the web. The research...

Toward a Lightweight, Scalable, and Parallel Secure Encryption Engine

The exponential growth of Internet of Things IoT applications has intensified the demand for efficient, high-throughput, and energy-efficient data processing at the edge. Conventional CPU-centric encryption methods suffer from performance bottlenecks and excessive data movement, especially in...

Understanding Content Moderation Policies and User Experiences in Generative AI Products

While recent research has focused on developing safeguards for generative AI GAI model-level content safety, little is known about how content moderation to prevent malicious content performs for end-users in real-world GAI products. To bridge this gap, we investigated content moderation policies...

Optimistic MEV in Ethereum Layer 2s: Why Blockspace Is Always in Demand

Layer 2 rollups are rapidly absorbing DeFi activity, securing over $40 billion and accounting for nearly half of Ethereum's DEX volume by Q1 2025, yet their MEV dynamics remain understudied. We address this gap by defining and quantifying optimistic MEV, a form of speculative, on-chain cyclic...

Haptic-Based User Authentication for Tele-robotic System

Tele-operated robots rely on real-time user behavior mapping for remote tasks, but ensuring secure authentication remains a challenge. Traditional methods, such as passwords and static biometrics, are vulnerable to spoofing and replay attacks, particularly in high-stakes, continuous interactions...

KGMark: a Diffusion Watermark for Knowledge Graphs

Knowledge graphs KGs are ubiquitous in numerous real-world applications, and watermarking facilitates protecting intellectual property and preventing potential harm from AI-generated content. Existing watermarking methods mainly focus on static plain text or image data, while they can hardly be...

PoSyn: Secure Power Side-Channel Aware Synthesis

Power Side-Channel PSC attacks exploit power consumption patterns to extract sensitive information, posing risks to cryptographic operations crucial for secure systems. Traditional countermeasures, such as masking, face challenges including complex integration during synthesis, substantial area...

From Threat to Tool: Leveraging Refusal-Aware Injection Attacks for Safety Alignment

Safely aligning large language models LLMs often demands extensive human-labeled preference data, a process that's both costly and time-consuming. While synthetic data offers a promising alternative, current methods frequently rely on complex iterative prompting or auxiliary models. To address...

XWiki 15.10.10 Remote Code Execution

XWiki versions up to 15.10.10 proof of concept remote code execution exploit written in go...

Breaking Anonymity at Scale: Re-Identifying the Trajectories of 100K Real Users in Japan

Mobility traces represent a critical class of personal data, often subjected to privacy-preserving transformations before public release. In this study, we analyze the anonymized Yjmob100k dataset, which captures the trajectories of 100,000 users in Japan, and demonstrate how existing anonymizati...