Inadequate checks for comptroller in PoolRegistry#addMarket allows malicious comptrollers to be added

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Malicious comptrollers will be available in the protocol Proof of Concept The addMarket function only checks that the input.comptroller is not the 0 address, but does not check if the comptroller was actually created by the PoolRegistry contract. A...

Incorrect decimal handling in _startAuction, resulting in wrong auction.startBidBps

Lines of code Vulnerability details Shortfall.startAuction uses the oracle price of the underlying tokens to price the pool bad debt: Shortfall.sol 389: for uint256 i; i the price returned by priceOracle.getUnderlyingPrice has a number of decimals equal to 36 - vToken decimals. This means the...

Incorrectly calculation of the total tokens to be seized because of the difference on the scale of magnitude for the prices of the underlying assets

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The total number of tokens to be seized could be wrongly calculated if the underlying assets of vTokenBorrowed & vTokenCollateral have a different decimals. Proof of Concept The price returned by the ChainlinkOracle contract of the Venus Protocol, the...

Malicious actor can win auction unfavorably to the protocol by block stuffing

Lines of code Vulnerability details Vulnerability Details When protocol’s bad debt is auctioned off with 10% incentive at the beginning. A user who gives the best bid, wins. The auction ends when at least one account placed a bid, and current block number is bigger than nextBidderBlockLimit:...

Unfair handling of rewards for users with a high amount of rewards

Lines of code Vulnerability details Users can claim their rewards in RewardDistributor.claimRewardToken. The reward handling part is done in grantRewardToken: 416: function grantRewardTokenaddress user, uint256 amount internal returns uint256 417: uint256 rewardTokenRemaining =...

Zero token transfer can cause a potential DoS in CVXStaker

Lines of code Vulnerability details Zero token transfer can cause a potential DoS in CVXStaker The CVXStaker contract doesn't check for zero amount while transferring rewards, which can end up blocking the operation. Impact The CVXStaker contract is in charge of handling interaction with the Conv...

Unspent allowance may break functionality in AMO

Lines of code Vulnerability details Unspent allowance may break functionality in AMO An unspent allowance may cause a denial of service during the calls to safeApprove in the AMO contract. Impact The AMO contract uses the safeApprove function to grant the Curve pool permission to spend funds whil...

[H1] Incorrect constant set at WhitePaperInterestRateModel

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Incorrect calculation of critical parameters like baseRatePerBlock. Proof of Concept The constant blocksPerYear is incorrectly set uint256 public constant blocksPerYear = 2102400; // @audit 15 seconds per block However, for Binance Smart Chain the blocks...

Borrower can redeem there collateral without repaying debt completely

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact A borrower can redeem token in a pool though it has been used as a collateral in another pool without repaying the debt. Borrower can redeem the token as underlying asset even if his/her loan position is in the situation of liquidation. Proof of Concept...

Shortfall.sol#placeBid does not limit the bid spread

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Shortfall.solplaceBid does not limit the bid spread. The attacker can increase the price by a small amount each time causing the auction to never stop. Proof of Concept Tools Used manual Recommended Mitigation Steps limit the bid spread Assessed type DoS...

Every time borrow, the interest is treated as a loan to calculate the interest

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact File: VToken.sol 896 uint256 accountBorrowsPrev = borrowBalanceStoredborrower; 897 uint256 accountBorrowsNew = accountBorrowsPrev + borrowAmount; After each loan, the original interest will be converted into the loan amount. This can cause interest to...

Lack of Access Control in claimRewards Function

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The calculateNewRewards function should also check whether the rewardsCapped variable is greater than the rewardsClaimedInEpoch variable to ensure that rewards are not claimed that exceed the reward cap, because an attacker could exploit this vulnerabili...

Attacker can DoS create a extraordinary proposals

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact An attacker can prevent the creation of proposals in ExtraordinaryFunding.solproposeExtraordinary by front-running the proposal, which will give him the same hash as the correct user desired, and setting endBlock to the past, which will invalidate the...

Integer Overflow/Underflow in function fundTreasury.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact fundTreasury function in the GrantFund.sol contract is vulnerable to integer overflow if the value of treasury variable is close to the maximum value of a uint256 integer, which is 2^256-1, and a large value of fundingAmount is added to it. It is possibl...

unstake() function: The unstake function permits the unstaking of multiple position NFTs from the same liquidity pool (LP) by the same lender. This opens the possibility for a lender to claim more Ajna token rewards than they are entitled to by staking and unstaking multiple NFTs associated with the same LP.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The absence of a mechanism to prevent a lender from unstaking multiple NFTs for the same liquidity pool LP could potentially lead to the exploitation of the Ajna token reward system. A lender can mint, stake, and unstake multiple NFTs for the same LP fro...

Lack of Access Control in GrantFund Smart Contract's fundTreasury Function

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The fundTreasury function in the GrantFund.sol contract allows anyone to add funds to the contract's treasury without any access control, which can lead to unauthorized access to the contract's funds. The problem with this function is that it doesn't hav...

Use of msg.sender in mayInteract Modifier

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The use of msg.sender in the mayInteract modifier in the contract. I have identified a potential vulnerability in the use of msg.sender. In this case, the vulnerability is caused by using msg.sender to authorize interactions with the contract. Since...

high risk issue

Lines of code Vulnerability details Submitting a high risk issue! Assessed type ERC4626 --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Mitigation of M-11: Issue not mitigated, mitigation error

MITIGATION IS NOT CONFIRMED MITIGATION IS NOT CONFIRMED Mitigation of M-11: Issue not mitigated, mitigation error Link to Issue: code-423n4/2023-03-asymmetry-findings152 Comments Even though the sponsor followed the warden's recommendation in issue M-11, I don't think the proposed change properly...

Assuming a 1-1 peg of Liquid Staked Tokens like stETH and rETH to ETH is dangerous

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The price of ETH staking derivatives may not be pegged 1-1 to ETH which affect staking conditions. Proof of Concept To stake eth, a user calls depositBeaconChainETH. The amount parameter is passed into the addShares function. In addShares, the amount...

Upgraded Q -> 3 from #326 [1683219203160]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 326 as 3 risk. The relevant finding follows: L-05 Integer overflow by unsafe casting Description Keep in mind that the version of solidity used, despite being greater than 0.8, does not prevent integer overflows during casting, it only does so in mathematical...

Access Control Unauthorized access to restricted functions setWithdrawalDelayBlocks

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact By exploiting the owner's role through social engineering, an attacker could theoretically gain indirect control over any functions that require owner authorization. Specifically, the ability to manipulate withdrawal delays and other critical security...

Zero address pauser assignment

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact By allowing any address to be assigned as the pauser, the StrategyBase contract leaves itself vulnerable to losing critical functionality that controls token transfers in and out. Assigning a zero address would result in no valid pauser, preventing the...

Staker can avoid ETH slash by front run slashQueuedWithdrawal() with completeQueuedWithdrawal()

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Malicious staker can avoid the service's slash on its restaked ETH shares. Proof of Concept This issue is similar to Staker can avoid ETH slash by front run slashShares with verifyOvercommittedStake, but with a different logic. When a service/middleware...

Manipulation Compromised proposal processing claimDelayedWithdrawals

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact By exploiting legitimate users' access to claim delayed withdrawals, an attacker could potentially drain a sizable portion of the contract's funds before detection. Manipulative access to critical system functions poses a substantial financial risk. Proo...

Staker can bypass the debt accrued via beaconChainETHSharesToDecrementOnWithdrawal by transferring shares to another address

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description When a staker is verified to have over-committed and the over-committed amount is greater than their outstanding shares, they accrue a debt that is captured by beaconChainETHSharesToDecrementOnWithdrawal. This debt eventually gets settled when the...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #680 [1683016846473]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 680 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: D. FlashFee is a flat amount, meaning the cost to flash loan an NFT at floor price is the same as one worth 5x the floor price. FlashFee should instead be based on the weigh of the NFT being flashloaned, with more...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #240 [1683052133668]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 240 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: LOW‑11 tokenURI does not follow EIP-721 The EIP states that tokenURI "Throws if tokenId is not a valid NFT", which the code below does not do. If the NFT has not yet been minted, tokenURI should revert Proof Of Conce...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #854 [1683053410661]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 854 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: L-01 Reorg attack possibility in pool factory 1 --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Offchain resolver can be subject to man in the middle attacks

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description Calls to the offchain resolver are produced by the code below: function resolve bytes calldata name, bytes calldata data external view returns bytes memory string memory urls = new string; urls0 = gatewayURL; revert OffchainLookup addressthis, urls,...

TEST FINDING

Lines of code Vulnerability details ISSUE FOR TESTING PURPOSES Assessed type Uniswap --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #623 [1682589089611]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 623 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: L‑05 Stuck dust in SafEth contract for division When stake in the contract SafEth some WEIs could be stuck in the contract because the equation uint256 ethAmount = msg.value weight / totalWeight;, in example: ethAmou...

Timestamp manipulation affects DNSSEC records on contracts/dnssec-oracle/DNSSECImpl.sol

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact timestamp parameter to validate DNSSEC records. The timestamp parameter is passed as an argument to the verifyRRSIG function, which is responsible for verifying that the DNSSEC record is valid at a specific point in time. If the timestamp parameter can b...

Minter and position privileges allow unrestricted minting and burning of arbitrary tokens

Lines of code Vulnerability details Any registered minter and a position belonging to him have absolute control of minting and burning tokens on all accounts. Impact New minting mechanisms are subject to governance approval i.e. can be veto’ed. These, however, will be arbitrary contracts with...

Position ownership could be transferred to zero address

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Ownership of a Position could be transferred to zero address. This is usually caused by mistake but the consequence is loss of collateral. Proof of Concept The position owner calls transferOwnership but accidentally set newOwner address to 0x0. Tools Use...

can launch a challenge without any collateral in MintingHub.sol

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact launchChallenge... function in MintingHub.sol ignores return value by challenge.position.collateral.transferFrom Several tokens do not revert in case of failure and return false. If the token used as collateral return false, the user can launch a challen...

Use of revert Statement in requireOwner Function in Ownable Contract May Cause Unexpected Behavior

Lines of code Vulnerability details Summary: There is a potential issue with the error handling in the requireOwner function that may lead to unexpected behavior. Description: Description: The Ownable contract provides basic access control by defining an owner address that can be granted exclusiv...

The minter can steal the Frankencoin in notifyLoss()

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The minter can steal the Frankencoin in notifyLoss because of In this code: if reserveLeft = amount transferaddressreserve, msg.sender, amount; The minter can call the function notifyLoss Constantly. When reserveLeft = amount, the minter who call the fir...

An attacker whose a 3% shareholder can wipe-out all the tokens of anyone using a flash-loan

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact A 3% votes holder can wipe the equity of any other holder using the restructureCapTable function. Proof of Concept 1. a Be a 3% votes holder or have helpers that together have 3% 2. b Reduce the equity to be less than MINIMUMEQUITY This could be done by...

MaxContribution check can be bypassed to give a card high voting power

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof of Concept ReraiseETHCrowdfund tries limit the voting power of each card by doing a min/maxContribution check in claim and claimMultiple. uint96 contribution = votingPower 1e4 / exchangeRateBps; uint96 maxContribution = maxContribution; // Check that the...

OperatorProposal._executeOperation() should refund excess ETH

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact There are excess ETH in OperatorProposal.executeOperation, and it should be refunded. Proof of Concept OperatorProposal.executeOperation runs data.operator.execute with data.operatorValue of ETH. data.operator.execute value: data.operatorValue...

It's not always possible for a user to claim their voting power in ReraiseETHCrowdfund

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof of Concept When a ReraiseETHCrowdfund has finalized, a user has 2 ways to claim their voting power - claim or claimMultiple. The condition in claim is that user's total contribution is no greater than the maxContribution. uint96 contribution = votingPower...

Incorrect calculation of virtualBaseTokenReserves leads to incorrect pricing of NFTs

Lines of code Vulnerability details virtualBaseTokenReserves is recalculated every time a buy or sell operation is performed. The calculation is done incorrectly, so the next time a sale is made the price will be updated incorrectly. Impact buy and sell operations will be performed with incorrect...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #245 [1681331462696]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 245 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: 3. Insecure random number generation: Link : The current implementation of the drawing function uses a simple modulo operation with the seed as an argument, which can be easily predicted by attackers. I recommend usi...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #17 [1681332048307]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 17 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: L-07 First user that stakes again after a period without stakers receives too many rewards The MuteAmplifier contract pays out rewards on a per second basis. Let's assume there is only 1 staker which is Bob. Say Bob...

PartyGovernanceNFT.sol: burn function does not reduce totalVotingPower making it impossible to reach unanimous votes

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact With the new version of the Party protocol the PartyGovernanceNFT.burn function has been introduced. This function is used to burn party cards. According to the sponsor the initial purpose of this function was to enable the InitialETHCrowdfund contract t...

OperatorProposal.sol: Leftover ETH is not refunded to the msg.sender

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The OperatorProposal contract is a type of proposal that allows to execute operations on contracts that implement the IOperator interface. Upon execution of the proposal it might be necessary that the executor provides ETH. This is true especially when...

Function takeBid() allows attacker to sell any collateral NFT that deposited through function borrowToBuy()

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Function borrowToBuy is used by the borrower to take a loan offer and uses the funds to purchase NFT. However, even though it sends ETH along when calling function execute to buy the requested NFT, it approves the collateral NFT to Blur for no reason. /...

Owner lowering max payout might break the MuteBonds contract

Lines of code Vulnerability details The maxPayout variable can be changed by the owner at any time. In case the owner lowers the maxPayout and the payoutTotal of the current epoch is greater than the new maxPayout the contract will be broken - no further deposit can be made, and most of the view...

Bond max-buyer might end up buying the max buy of the next epoch

Lines of code Vulnerability details The MuteBond.deposit function allows users to specify the amount of value they want to purchase bonds for or to set maxbuy to true. If maxbuy is set to true the amount specified in the value parameter is ignored and instead the maximum amount available for...