setRoyalties can lead to royalties set to greater than 100%, breaking royalty functionality

Lines of code Vulnerability details enforcer/PA1D can be used by NFT smart contracts to provide royalty info. The owner can call setRoyalties to set the royalties for a specific token id, or the default royalty of the collection. Marketplaces implementing EIP-2981 can then use royaltyInfo to get...

Reentrance attack to _payoutEth in contract PA1D

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Detailed description of the impact of this finding. The payoutEth is subject to the reentrancy attack if one of the addresses is a smart contract and has a receive function to call back payoutEth directly or indirectly. The 2300 gas limit might not preve...

Incorrect usage of try/catch block

Lines of code Vulnerability details Vulnerability details Description There is a function getBridgeOutRequestPayload in HolographBridge contract. It has the following: / @dev the revertedBridgeOutRequest function is wrapped into a try/catch function / try this.revertedBridgeOutRequestmsg.sender,...

Royalties cannot be collected for many ERC20 tokens (USDT, BNB and many more) due to use of transfer function.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description ERC20 royalties are paid using payoutTokens and payoutToken functions in PA1D.sol. Unfortunately these functions use ERC20's transfer instead of implementing safeTransfer: for uint256 i = 0; i length; i++ sending = bpsi balance / 10000;...

Operator is not randomly selected

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Operator is not selected randomly, but entirely determined by the number of operators in pod. Proof of Concept The pod is selected by taking a number random modulo the number of pods Np. But then the operator is selected by taking the modulo of the same...

Signature replay attacks

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description There is a function deployHolographableContract from the HolographFactory smart contract. Among other things, the function verifies the ECDSA signature. The signed data for verification is constructed as a concatenation of different user-provided...

Missing input validation can lead to accidental burning of tokens

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Some token transfers do not check that the receiving address is not the zero address. This can lead to an unintended burning of tokens. Proof of Concept 1. Assume Alice uses a web3 frontend to interact with a DAI/USDT pool. 2. Alice wants to swap DAI for...

Wrong calculation in LBRouter._getAmountsIn.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact It calculates the amountsIn wrongly here and the function returns the wrong result. Proof of Concept Currently, getAmountsIn calculates the amountsIn like below. amountsIni - 1 = reserveIn amountOut 1000 / reserveOut - amountOut 997 + 1; As we can see...

Upgraded Q -> M from 964 [1666360503408]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 964 as Medium risk. The relevant finding follows: Non-critical: EIP712 signatures on GolomTrader could be replayed in case of blockchain forks The chainId is burnt into EIP712DOMAINTYPEHASH rather than checked each time. This means that signatures could be...

Signature malleability not protected against

Lines of code Vulnerability details Vulnerability details OpenZeppelin has a vulnerability in versions lower than 4.7.3, which can be exploited by an attacker. The project uses a vulnerable version ECDSA signature malleability package.jsonL27-L28 package.jsonL27-L28 : "@openzeppelin/contracts":...

Governor can rug all GRT by setting the gateway to her wallet (Governor may be hacked)

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Governor can rug all GRT by setting the gateway to her wallet Governor may be hacked. Proof of Concept First, the Governor set the gateway contract to her wallet function setGatewayaddress gw external onlyGovernor requiregw != address0, "INVALIDGATEWAY";...

Set admin without accept method

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Set admin without method for accept is a bad practice. Also there is no check for zero. Proof of Concept Tools Used Code analytics Recommended Mitigation Steps Create method acceptAdmin and and check for zero address. --- The text was updated successfull...

Use safeTransferFrom instead of transferFrom()

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Although ERC20 standard suggests that a transfer should return true on success, there are tokens that doesn't comply with this. Therefore, the transferFrom call might cause silent failures and will affect the token accounting in this contract. Proof of...

The arithmetic operator can overflow

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact It is possible to cause an integer overflow or underflow in the arithmetic operation. Proof of Concept Contract: GraphProxyAdmin Function name: getProxyPendingImplementationaddress PC address: 1898 Estimated Gas Usage: 1387 - 36513 In file:...

The arithmetic operator can overflow

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact It is possible to cause an integer overflow or underflow in the arithmetic operation. Description An overflow/underflow happens when an arithmetic operation reaches the maximum or minimum size of a type. For instance if a number is stored in the uint8...

Incorrect implementation of the MerkleVerifier.sol library

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The MerkleVerifier results in an incorrect verification of the Merkle Tree. Description Using a simple test case from and deploying the contracts with MerkleVerifier.sol. We can see that the results differs when attempting to verify the Merkle Tree. Test...

Buyers will lose an amount of their funds for only one ERC115 token

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact By using StandardPolicyERC1155.sol as a matchingPolicy for the order. The buyer will transfer an amount of funds ETH or WETH for 2 or more tokens, but he will receive only 1 token. Proof of Concept in case the buyer has set Input.Order.amount 1. Let’s sa...

Passing chain id from outside

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Passing chain id from outside. Incorrect chain id can be passed. Proof of Concept Tools Used Static analytics Recommended Mitigation Steps Use assembly to obtain current chain id. --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered:...

_executeTokenTransfer() can silently fail for malicious ERC721 implementations.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact execute calls executeTokenTransfer to perform the NFT transfer from seller to buyer. The function assumes correct safeTransferFrom functionality and does not check balances. In case of malicious - or poorly designed pausable ERC721 implementations, this...

Griefing of execute transaction sender

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description In function execute from BlurExchange contract there is a call of executeTokenTransfer function. The last one contains the following logic: function executeTokenTransfer address collection, address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, uint256 amount,...

Using non cleaned up variables inside of inline assembly

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact There is a revealGobblers function in a ArtGobblers smart contract. Inside the function is an assembly insert, which operates with a variable with a size less than a machine word. But the code inside the assembly not checking that variable is cleaned up...

[M3] It is impossible to recover stucked non complying ERC-20 tokens

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Contract frxETHMinter is unable to recover tokens like USDT PoC Tokens that return void on transfer, that is, those who do not follow ERC20 standard will revert when you try to assign the output to a boolean variable. This is the case in you function...

Risk of ETH funds Rug Pull in the moveWithheldETH and recoverEther functions

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In the frxETHMinter contract both the owner and governance timelock have the power to call the functions moveWithheldETH and recoverEther, those functions allow the transfer of the ETH from frxETHMinter to the owner or a given account, this means that th...

Some users may not be able to withdraw till the end of the rewardsCycle, due to possible underflow in the function beforeWithdraw()

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In xERC4626.sol If an underflow occur in the function beforeWithdraw, some users may not be able to withdraw till the end of the rewardsCycle. storedTotalAssets is a cached value of total assets, which will only include the unlockedRewards, when the whol...

Use safetransfer/safetransferFrom instead of transfer/transferFrom in ERC20

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Its a good to checks the return value of token transfer using safetransfer or safetransferFrom on Openzeppelin to ensure the token revert when transfer failure. Failure to do so will cause silent failures of transfer and affect token accountng in contrac...

Rebasing tokens can ruin the claiming

Lines of code Vulnerability details Rebasing tokens has the ability to use all the funds before all the recipients fulfilled their vestings. This can happen as the system records balance in nominals terms, while it can be rebased thereafter, which will create a discrepancy with system's accountin...

Mistakenly use of arithmetic operation can lead to loss

Lines of code Vulnerability details Mistakenly use of arithmetic operation can lead to loss Description Calculating the values can somewhat correct to what you need but this is a great mistake of calculation which should be overcomed .Now why should this be overcomed? Since in Solidity, the order...

lack of check if claim is active in vestedAmount,claimableAmount and finalVestedAmount.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact According to the contract, finalVestedAmount function calculates the total vested at the end of the schedule. vestedAmount function calculates the amount vested for a given recipient at a reference timestamp. claimableAmount function Calculates how much...

createClaim can be circumvented

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact VTVLVesting.sol has createClaim function for the admins to create claims. However, a malicious admin vector exists inside. The project gives some powerfull access to the admins for some reason as stated on the contest page. And a good intention is to emi...

Wrong accounting logic when syncRewards() is called within beforeWithdraw makes withdrawals impossible

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact sfrxETH.beforeWithdraw first calls the beforeWithdraw of xERC4626, which decrements storedTotalAssets by the given amount. If the timestamp is greater than the rewardsCycleEnd, syncRewards is called. However, the problem is that the assets have not been...

Employee can be unable to withdraw claimable amount that she or he deserves after admin revokes her or his claim

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact When an employee has an active claim, this employee can call the following withdraw function to withdraw the claimable amount that she or he is entitled to, which would increase her or his claim's amountWithdrawn. Because the employee is free to call...

Upgraded Q -> M from 238 [1663858577471]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 238 as Medium risk. The relevant finding follows: 2. call should be used instead of transfer on an address payable Sometimes this kind of issue is considered as Medium risk. The use of the deprecated transfer function for an address will inevitably make the...

this is a test

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Detailed description of the impact of this finding. Proof of Concept Provide direct links to all referenced code in GitHub. Add screenshots, logs, or any other relevant proof that illustrates the concept. Tools Used Recommended Mitigation Steps --- The...

Problems with PegOracle

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact There are at least a few problems with the PegOracle. I am grouping them into one submission because some of them are not that significant but the last one I believe deserves a higher severity. 1. Function latestRoundData queries getOracle2Price but...

Some users won't be able to burn their crowdfund token to get their voting power

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact User which is a contract who doesn't have a receive function can't burn his token to get the governance power, because ethOwed ether are transferred to him. This is correct even if ethOwed is 0. Tools Used Manual audit Recommended Mitigation Steps Consid...

If noone deposit in one Vault, assets deposited to the other Vault will be locked.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In each Vault epoch, idFinalTVL and idClaimTVL values is only set when someone call triggerDepeg or triggerEndEpoch from Controller. In case of depeg, we will swap assets of hedge and risk Vault. But if one Vault has noone deposited, idFinalTVL will be...

[NAZ-M1] No Storage Gap for Upgradeable Contract Might Lead to Storage Slot Collision

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact For upgradeable contracts, there must be storage gap to "allow developers to freely add new state variables in the future without compromising the storage compatibility with existing deployments" quote OpenZeppelin. Otherwise it may be very difficult to...

Locked ether

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In contract Party.sol there is a receive declared. This means that the contract can accept eth payments. But there is no function defined , to withdraw those sent ether. So if a user accidently sent ether to the contract, the ether would be locked, as...

[NAZ-M3] Use safeTransferFrom() instead of transferFrom() for ERC721 transfers

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The transferFrom method is used instead of safeTransferFrom, presumably to save gas. I however argue that this isn’t recommended because: OpenZeppelin’s documentation discourages the use of transferFrom, use safeTransferFrom whenever possible. Given that...

# _safeMint() should be used rather than _mint() wherever possible

Lines of code Vulnerability details safeMint should be used rather than mint wherever possible Impact In Token.sol.sol, eventually it is called ERC721 mint. Calling mint this way does not ensure that the receiver of the NFT is able to accept them, making possible to lose them. safeMint should be...

Unbounded Loop

Lines of code Vulnerability details 🎨 Category Denial of Service 💥 Impact If the number of tokensReceived gets too big, the transaction's gas cost could exceed the block gas limit and make it impossible to call previewRedeem at all. 📝 Proof of Concept previewRedeem function iterates over all...

TribeRedeemer.redeem function can possibly revert when block gas limit is reached

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact As the following constructor shows, when constructing the TribeRedeemer contract, the number of tokens in tokensReceived that is used to set tokensReceived is not capped. When the redeem function below is called, tokensReceived, which is essentially toke...

Dividing before multiplying can cause data loss

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Note: I'll use the notation decimals here to represent 10 token.decimals, just like th variable defined in the BaseV1Router.getPriceLP function. In the BaseV1Router.getPriceLP function, the token0 TVL is calculated in terms of NOTE, by multiplying the TV...

No validation on wcanto may lead into lock deposit because of arbitrary address in deposit call

Lines of code Vulnerability details No validation on wcanto may lead into lock deposit because of arbitrary address in deposit call Impact Address wcanto is not being validated. In case of wrong deployment, function swapExactCANTOForTokens will lock ether in a wrong contract. Consideration...

Add to Blacklist function

Lines of code Vulnerability details L-2. Add to Blacklist function Description: Cryptocurrency mixing service, Tornado Cash, has been blacklisted in the OFAC. A lot of blockchain companies, token projects, NFT Projects have blacklisted all Ethereum addresses owned by Tornado Cash listed in the US...

The _movingAverage always have the same value as _movingAverage + (currentPrice / numObs)

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact On updateMovingAverage the calculate new moving average is always movingAverage == movingAverage + currentPrice / numObs Proof of Concept 1- keeper invoke beat on Heart.sol 2- this PRICE.updateMovingAverage; to updating the moving average on the Price...

USER CAN BLOCK GOVERNANCE VOTING BY SUBMITTING MULTIPLE PROPOSALS

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact A user can submit multiple proposals and then endorse each one of them to be able to activate them, and because the Governance contract allow only one active proposal, this user will be able to always activate his proposals and thus not allowing any othe...

Possibility of unfair voting

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The proposal could never get the THRESHOLD Proof of Concept On VoterRegistration.sol: 1- the voteradmin could mint issueVotesTo unlimited tokens to address0 or any address On Governance.sol: 2- this will effect to the totalSupply so no one can execute...

Div by 0 can block functions such as updateMovingAverage

Lines of code Vulnerability details Prevent div by 0 Impact On several locations in the code precautions are taken not to divide by 0, because this will revert the code. However on some locations this isn’t done. All this reverts can be caused by state variables assigned to 0 or with length 0, th...

## block.timestamp used as time proxy

Lines of code Vulnerability details block.timestamp used as time proxy Summary: Risk of using block.timestamp for time should be considered. Details: block.timestamp is not an ideal proxy for time because of issues with synchronization, miner manipulation and changing block times. This kind of...