Hidden Ads: Behavior Triggered Semantic Backdoors for Advertisement Injection in Vision Language Models

Vision-Language Models VLMs are increasingly deployed in consumer applications where users seek recommendations about products, dining, and services. We introduce Hidden Ads, a new class of backdoor attacks that exploit this recommendation-seeking behavior to inject unauthorized advertisements...

A Systematic Taxonomy of Security Vulnerabilities in the OpenClaw AI Agent Framework

AI agent frameworks connecting large language model LLM reasoning to host execution surfaces--shell, filesystem, containers, and messaging--introduce security challenges structurally distinct from conventional software. We present a systematic taxonomy of 190 advisories filed against OpenClaw, an...

Policy-Driven Vulnerability Risk Quantification Framework for Large-Scale Cloud Infrastructure Data Security

The exponential growth of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures CVE disclosures poses significant challenges for enterprise security management, necessitating automated and quantitative risk assessment methodologies. Existing vulnerability analysis approaches suffer from three critical limitations...

Context-Aware Phishing Email Detection Using Machine Learning and NLP

Phishing attacks remain among the most prevalent cybersecurity threats, causing significant financial losses for individuals and organizations worldwide. This paper presents a machine learning-based phishing email detection system that analyzes email body content using natural language processing...

SafeClaw-R: Towards Safe and Secure Multi-Agent Personal Assistants

LLM-based multi-agent systems MASs are transforming personal productivity by autonomously executing complex, cross-platform tasks. Frameworks such as OpenClaw demonstrate the potential of locally deployed agents integrated with personal data and services, but this autonomy introduces significant...

Quantum Bit Error Rate Analysis in BB84 Quantum Key Distribution: Measurement, Statistical Estimation, and Eavesdropping Detection

Quantum Key Distribution QKD provides information-theoretic security by exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics. Among QKD protocols, the BB84 scheme remains the most widely adopted for both theoretical research and practical implementation. A critical parameter determining the reliability...

Finding Memory Leaks in C/C++ Programs Via Neuro-Symbolic Augmented Static Analysis

Memory leaks remain prevalent in real-world C/C++ software. Static analyzers such as CodeQL provide scalable program analysis but frequently miss such bugs because they cannot recognize project-specific custom memory-management functions and lack path-sensitive control-flow modeling. We present...

Red-MIRROR: Agentic LLM-Based Autonomous Penetration Testing with Reflective Verification and Knowledge-Augmented Interaction

Web applications remain the dominant attack surface in cybersecurity, where vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, XSS, and business logic flaws continue to cause significant data breaches. While penetration testing is effective for identifying these weaknesses, traditional manual approaches are...

Stegano 2.4.1

Stegano is a basic Python Steganography module. Stegano implements two methods of hiding: using the red portion of a pixel to hide ASCII messages, and using the Least Significant Bit LSB technique. It is possible to use a more advanced LSB method based on integers sets. The sets Sieve of...

vulnx 2.0.1

vulnx is a command-line interface CLI tool designed to provide a structured and easily navigable interface to various vulnerability databases...

strongSwan CVE-2026-25075 Vulnerability Assessment Tool

This tool allows you to safely detect whether a strongSwan VPN server is vulnerable to CVE-2026-25075 without causing any disruption. CVE-2026-25075 is an integer underflow vulnerability in strongSwan's EAP-TTLS plugin that allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to crash the IKE daemon through ...

Detecting Protracted Vulnerabilities in Open Source Projects

Timely resolution and disclosure of vulnerabilities are essential for maintaining the security of open-source software. However, many vulnerabilities remain unreported, unpatched, or undisclosed for extended periods, exposing users to prolonged security threats. While various vulnerability...

SPARK: Secure Predictive Autoscaling for Robust Kubernetes

Achieving high availability and robust security in Kubernetes requires more than reactive scaling and standard perimeter firewalls. Traditional autoscalers, such as HPA, often fail to react quickly to traffic spikes and cannot distinguish between legitimate flash crowds and DDoS attacks. We prese...

Machine Learning Transferability for Malware Detection

Malware continues to be a predominant operational risk for organizations, especially when obfuscation techniques are used to evade detection. Despite the ongoing efforts in the development of Machine Learning ML detection approaches, there is still a lack of feature compatibility in public...

Clawed and Dangerous: Can We Trust Open Agentic Systems?

Open agentic systems combine LLM-based planning with external capabilities, persistent memory, and privileged execution. They are used in coding assistants, browser copilots, and enterprise automation. OpenClaw is a visible instance of this broader class. Without much attention yet, their securit...

Nmap Port Scanner 7.99

Nmap is a utility for port scanning large networks, although it works fine for single hosts. Sometimes you need speed, other times you may need stealth. In some cases, bypassing firewalls may be required. Not to mention the fact that you may want to scan different protocols UDP, TCP, ICMP, etc...

PIDP-Attack: Combining Prompt Injection with Database Poisoning Attacks on Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems

Large Language Models LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of applications. However, their practical deployment is often hindered by issues such as outdated knowledge and the tendency to generate hallucinations. To address these limitations, Retrieval-Augmented...

Usability of Passwordless Authentication in Wi-Fi Networks: A Comparative Study of Passkeys and Passwords in Captive Portals

Passkeys have recently emerged as a passwordless authentication mechanism, yet their usability in captive portals remains unexplored. This paper presents an empirical, comparative usability study of passkeys and passwords in a Wi-Fi hotspot using a captive portal. We conducted a controlled...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:06.tcp

FreeBSD Security Advisory - When a challenge ACK is to be sent tcprespond constructs and sends the challenge ACK and consumes the mbuf that is passed in. When no challenge ACK should be sent the function returns and leaks the mbuf...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:08.rpcsec_gss

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Each RPCSECGSS data packet is validated by a routine which checks a signature in the packet. This routine copies a portion of the packet into a stack buffer, but fails to ensure that the buffer is sufficiently large, and a malicious client can trigger a stack overflow...

TOR Virtual Network Tunneling Tool 0.4.9.6

Tor is a network of virtual tunnels that allows people and groups to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features. It provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow...

A Large-Scale Empirical Study on the Generalizability of Disclosed Java Library Vulnerability Exploits

Open-source software supply chain security relies heavily on assessing affected versions of library vulnerabilities. While prior studies have leveraged exploits for verifying vulnerability affected versions, they point out a key limitation that exploits are version-specific and cannot be directly...

Unveiling the Resilience of LLM-Enhanced Search Engines against Black-Hat SEO Manipulation

The emergence of Large Language Model-enhanced Search Engines LLMSEs has revolutionized information retrieval by integrating web-scale search capabilities with AI-powered summarization. While these systems demonstrate improved efficiency over traditional search engines, their security implication...

The System Prompt Is the Attack Surface: How LLM Agent Configuration Shapes Security and Creates Exploitable Vulnerabilities

System prompt configuration can make the difference between near-total phishing blindness and near-perfect detection in LLM email agents. We present PhishNChips, a study of 11 models under 10 prompt strategies, showing that prompt-model interaction is a first-order security variable: a single...

On the Vulnerability of Deep Automatic Modulation Classifiers to Explainable Backdoor Threats

Deep learning DL has been widely studied for assisting applications of modern wireless communications. One of the applications is automatic modulation classification AMC. However, DL models are found to be vulnerable to adversarial machine learning AML threats. One of the most persistent and...

Kardashev Scale Quantum Computing for Bitcoin Mining

Bitcoin already faces a quantum threat through Shor attacks on elliptic-curve signatures. This paper isolates the other component that public discussion often conflates with it: mining. Grover's algorithm halves the exponent of brute-force search, promising a quadratic edge to any quantum miner o...

Understanding AI Methods for Intrusion Detection and Cryptographic Leakage

We investigate the role of artificial intelligence in cybersecurity by evaluating how machine learning techniques can detect malicious network activity and identify potential information leakage in cryptographic implementations. We conduct a series of experiments using the NSL-KDD and CIC-IDS...

vulnx 2.0.0

vulnx is a command-line interface CLI tool designed to provide a structured and easily navigable interface to various vulnerability databases...

Unicornscan 0.4.52

Unicornscan is an information gathering and correlation engine built for and by members of the security research and testing communities. It was designed to provide an engine that is Scalable, Accurate, Flexible, and Efficient. It is released for the community to use under the terms of the GPL...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:07.nvmf

FreeBSD Security Advisory - On a system exposing an NVMe/TCP target, a remote client can trigger a kernel panic by sending a CONNECT command for an I/O queue with a bogus or stale CNTLID...

Beyond Content Safety: Real-Time Monitoring for Reasoning Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models

Large language models LLMs increasingly rely on explicit chain-of-thought CoT reasoning to solve complex tasks, yet the safety of the reasoning process itself remains largely unaddressed. Existing work on LLM safety focuses on content safety--detecting harmful, biased, or factually incorrect...

Shape and Substance: Dual-Layer Side-Channel Attacks on Local Vision-Language Models

On-device Vision-Language Models VLMs promise data privacy via local execution. However, we show that the architectural shift toward Dynamic High-Resolution preprocessing e.g., AnyRes introduces an inherent algorithmic side-channel. Unlike static models, dynamic preprocessing decomposes images in...

WPProbe Plugin Enumeration Tool 0.11.3

A fast WordPress plugin and theme scanner that detects installed plugins via REST API enumeration and themes from HTML discovery, then maps them to known vulnerabilities. Over 5,000 plugins detectable without brute-force, thousands more with it...

XSStrike 3.1.6

XSStrike is a cross site scripting detection suite equipped with four hand written parsers, an intelligent payload generator, a powerful fuzzing engine and an incredibly fast crawler. Instead of injecting payloads and checking it works like all the other tools do, XSStrike analyses the response...

ClawKeeper: Comprehensive Safety Protection for OpenClaw Agents through Skills, Plugins, and Watchers

Whitepaper called ClawKeeper: Comprehensive Safety Protection For OpenClaw Agents Through Skills, Plugins, And Watchers...

Environment-Grounded Multi-Agent Workflow for Autonomous Penetration Testing

The increasing complexity and interconnectivity of digital infrastructures make scalable and reliable security assessment methods essential. Robotic systems represent a particularly important class of operational technology, as modern robots are highly networked cyber-physical systems deployed in...

Software Supply Chain Smells: Lightweight Analysis for Secure Dependency Management

Modern software systems heavily rely on third-party dependencies, making software supply chain security a critical concern. We introduce the concept of software supply chain smells as structural indicators that signal potential security risks. We design and evaluate Dirty-Waters, a novel tool for...

WPProbe Plugin Enumeration Tool 0.11.2

A fast WordPress plugin and theme scanner that detects installed plugins via REST API enumeration and themes from HTML discovery, then maps them to known vulnerabilities. Over 5,000 plugins detectable without brute-force, thousands more with it...

Towards Remote Attestation of Microarchitectural Attacks: The Case of Rowhammer

Microarchitectural vulnerabilities increasingly undermine the assumption that hardware can be treated as a reliable root of trust. Prevention mechanisms often lag behind evolving attack techniques, leaving deployed systems unable to assume continued trustworthiness. We propose a shift from...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:09.pf

FreeBSD Security Advisory - pf silently ignores certain rules. A regression in the way hashes were calculated caused rules containing the address range syntax x.x.x.x - y.y.y.y that only differ in the address ranges involved to be silently dropped as duplicates. Only the first of such rules is...

Walma: Learning to See Memory Corruption in WebAssembly

WebAssembly's Wasm monolithic linear memory model facilitates memory corruption attacks that can escalate to cross-site scripting in browsers or go undetected when a malicious host tampers with a module's state. Existing defenses rely on invasive binary instrumentation or custom runtimes, and do...

Policy-Guided Threat Hunting: An LLM Enabled Framework with Splunk SOC Triage

With frequently evolving Advanced Persistent Threats APTs in cyberspace, traditional security solutions approaches have become inadequate for threat hunting for organizations. Moreover, SOC Security Operation Centers analysts are often overwhelmed and struggle to analyze the huge volume of logs...

Toward a Multi-Layer ML-Based Security Framework for Industrial IoT

The Industrial Internet of Things IIoT introduces significant security challenges as resource-constrained devices become increasingly integrated into critical industrial processes. Existing security approaches typically address threats at a single network layer, often relying on expensive hardwar...

Leveraging Large Language Models for Trustworthiness Assessment of Web Applications

The widespread adoption of web applications has made their security a critical concern and has increased the need for systematic ways to assess whether they can be considered trustworthy. However, "trust" assessment remains an open problem as existing techniques primarily focus on detecting known...

Multi-User Multi-Key Image Steganography with Key Isolation

Steganography conceals secret information within innocuous carriers while preserving visual fidelity and enabling reliable recovery. Recent unified networks operate normally under untriggered conditions but switch to hidden steganographic tasks when triggered. PUSNet follows this paradigm by...

CSTS: A Canonical Security Telemetry Substrate for AI-Native Cyber Detection

AI-driven cybersecurity systems often fail under cross-environment deployment due to fragmented, event-centric telemetry representations. We introduce the Canonical Security Telemetry Substrate CSTS, an entity-relational abstraction that enforces identity persistence, typed relationships, and...

TreeTeaming: Autonomous Red-Teaming of Vision-Language Models Via Hierarchical Strategy Exploration

The rapid advancement of Vision-Language Models VLMs has brought their safety vulnerabilities into sharp focus. However, existing red teaming methods are fundamentally constrained by an inherent linear exploration paradigm, confining them to optimizing within a predefined strategy set and...

Terrapack HTTP Module Helpers

This is a Metasploit module that is intended to automate interaction with Terrapack web services. It does not exploit any actual issue but is meant for facilitation of testing...

What a Mesh: Formal Security Analysis of WPA3 SAE Wireless Authentication

The latest Wi-Fi security standard, IEEE 802.11, includes a secure authentication protocol called SAE, whose use is mandatory for WPA3-Personal networks. The protocol is specified at two separate but linked levels: a traditional cryptographic description of the communication logic between network...

Towards Leveraging LLMs to Generate Abstract Penetration Test Cases from Software Architecture

Software architecture models capture early design decisions that strongly influence system quality attributes, including security. However, architecture-level security assessment and feedback are often absent in practice, allowing security weaknesses to propagate into later phases of the software...