Ai.Txt: a Domain-Specific Language for Guiding AI Interactions with the Internet

We introduce ai.txt, a novel domain-specific language DSL designed to explicitly regulate interactions between AI models, agents, and web content, addressing critical limitations of the widely adopted robots.txt standard. As AI increasingly engages with online materials for tasks such as training...

HoneyWin: High-Interaction Windows Honeypot in Enterprise Environment

Windows operating systems OS are ubiquitous in enterprise Information Technology IT and operational technology OT environments. Due to their widespread adoption and known vulnerabilities, they are often the primary targets of malware and ransomware attacks. With 93% of the ransomware targeting...

Addressing Noise and Stochasticity in Fraud Detection for Service Networks

Fraud detection is crucial in social service networks to maintain user trust and improve service network security. Existing spectral graph-based methods address this challenge by leveraging different graph filters to capture signals with different frequencies in service networks. However, most...

Zero-Day Botnet Attack Detection in IoV: a Modular Approach Using Isolation Forests and Particle Swarm Optimization

The Internet of Vehicles IoV is transforming transportation by enhancing connectivity and enabling autonomous driving. However, this increased interconnectivity introduces new security vulnerabilities. Bot malware and cyberattacks pose significant risks to Connected and Autonomous Vehicles CAVs, ...

Enhancing the Cloud Security through Topic Modelling

Protecting cloud applications is crucial in an age where security constantly threatens the digital world. The inevitable cyber-attacks throughout the CI/CD pipeline make cloud security innovations necessary. This research is motivated by applying Natural Language Processing NLP methodologies, suc...

Packet Storm New Exploits for April, 2025

This archive contains all of the 166 exploits added to Packet Storm in April, 2025...

Analysis of the Vulnerability of Machine Learning Regression Models to Adversarial Attacks Using Data from 5G Wireless Networks

This article describes the process of creating a script and conducting an analytical study of a dataset using the DeepMIMO emulator. An advertorial attack was carried out using the FGSM method to maximize the gradient. A comparison is made of the effectiveness of binary classifiers in the task of...

Can Differentially Private Fine-Tuning LLMs Protect against Privacy Attacks?

Fine-tuning large language models LLMs has become an essential strategy for adapting them to specialized tasks; however, this process introduces significant privacy challenges, as sensitive training data may be inadvertently memorized and exposed. Although differential privacy DP offers strong...

Protocol-Agnostic and Data-Free Backdoor Attacks on Pre-Trained Models in RF Fingerprinting

While supervised deep neural networks DNNs have proven effective for device authentication via radio frequency RF fingerprinting, they are hindered by domain shift issues and the scarcity of labeled data. The success of large language models has led to increased interest in unsupervised pre-train...

AI-Driven IRM: Transforming Insider Risk Management with Adaptive Scoring and LLM-Based Threat Detection

Insider threats pose a significant challenge to organizational security, often evading traditional rule-based detection systems due to their subtlety and contextual nature. This paper presents an AI-powered Insider Risk Management IRM system that integrates behavioral analytics, dynamic risk...

OET: Optimization-Based Prompt Injection Evaluation Toolkit

Large Language Models LLMs have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, enabling their widespread adoption across various domains. However, their susceptibility to prompt injection attacks poses significant security risks, as adversarial inputs can...

Apple AirPlay Command Execution

Proof of concept exploit demonstrating the Apple AirPlay vulnerability as noted in CVE-2025-24271...

Preserving Privacy and Utility in LLM-Based Product Recommendations

Large Language Model LLM-based recommendation systems leverage powerful language models to generate personalized suggestions by processing user interactions and preferences. Unlike traditional recommendation systems that rely on structured data and collaborative filtering, LLM-based models proces...

Development of an Adapter for Analyzing and Protecting Machine Learning Models from Competitive Activity in the Networks Services

Due to the increasing number of tasks that are solved on remote servers, identifying and classifying traffic is an important task to reduce the load on the server. There are various methods for classifying traffic. This paper discusses machine learning models for solving this problem. However, su...

WordPress WP-Advanced-Search 3.3.9.3 Shell Upload

WordPress WP-Advanced-Search plugin versions 3.3.9.3 and below suffer from a remote shell upload vulnerability...

From Texts to Shields: Convergence of Large Language Models and Cybersecurity

This report explores the convergence of large language models LLMs and cybersecurity, synthesizing interdisciplinary insights from network security, artificial intelligence, formal methods, and human-centered design. It examines emerging applications of LLMs in software and network security, 5G...

A Novel Feature-Aware Chaotic Image Encryption Scheme for Data Security and Privacy in IoT and Edge Networks

The security of image data in the Internet of Things IoT and edge networks is crucial due to the increasing deployment of intelligent systems for real-time decision-making. Traditional encryption algorithms such as AES and RSA are computationally expensive for resource-constrained IoT devices and...

PatchFuzz: Patch Fuzzing for JavaScript Engines

Patch fuzzing is a technique aimed at identifying vulnerabilities that arise from newly patched code. While researchers have made efforts to apply patch fuzzing to testing JavaScript engines with considerable success, these efforts have been limited to using ordinary test cases or publicly...

Generative AI in Financial Institution: a Global Survey of Opportunities, Threats, and Regulation

Generative Artificial Intelligence GenAI is rapidly reshaping the global financial landscape, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance customer engagement, automate complex workflows, and extract actionable insights from vast financial data. This survey provides an overview of GenAI adopti...

LASHED: LLMs and Static Hardware Analysis for Early Detection of RTL Bugs

While static analysis is useful in detecting early-stage hardware security bugs, its efficacy is limited because it requires information to form checks and is often unable to explain the security impact of a detected vulnerability. Large Language Models can be useful in filling these gaps by...

Unlocking User-Oriented Pages: Intention-Driven Black-Box Scanner for Real-World Web Applications

Black-box scanners have played a significant role in detecting vulnerabilities for web applications. A key focus in current black-box scanning is increasing test coverage i.e., accessing more web pages. However, since many web applications are user-oriented, some deep pages can only be accessed...

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Large Language Models for Binary Code Understanding

Binary code analysis plays a pivotal role in the field of software security and is widely used in tasks such as software maintenance, malware detection, software vulnerability discovery, patch analysis, etc. However, unlike source code, reverse engineers face significant challenges in understandi...

From Ahead-of- to Just-in-Time and Back Again: Static Analysis for Unix Shell Programs

Shell programming is as prevalent as ever. It is also quite complex, due to the structure of shell programs, their use of opaque software components, and their complex interactions with the broader environment. As a result, even when exercising an abundance of care, shell developers discover...

A Comprehensive Study of Exploitable Patterns in Smart Contracts: from Vulnerability to Defense

With the rapid advancement of blockchain technology, smart contracts have enabled the implementation of increasingly complex functionalities. However, ensuring the security of smart contracts remains a persistent challenge across the stages of development, compilation, and execution...

The Planted Orthogonal Vectors Problem

In the $k$-Orthogonal Vectors $k$-OV problem we are given $k$ sets, each containing $n$ binary vectors of dimension $d=n^o1$, and our goal is to pick one vector from each set so that at each coordinate at least one vector has a zero. It is a central problem in fine-grained complexity, conjectured...

VDDP: Verifiable Distributed Differential Privacy under the Client-Server-Verifier Setup

Despite differential privacy DP often being considered the de facto standard for data privacy, its realization is vulnerable to unfaithful execution of its mechanisms by servers, especially in distributed settings. Specifically, servers may sample noise from incorrect distributions or generate...

Low Latency FPGA Implementation of Twisted Edward Curve Cryptography Hardware Accelerator over Prime Field

The performance of any elliptic curve cryptography hardware accelerator significantly relies on the efficiency of the underlying point multiplication PM architecture. This article presents a hardware implementation of field-programmable gate array FPGA based modular arithmetic, group operation, a...

Enhancing Security and Strengthening Defenses in Automated Short-Answer Grading Systems

This study examines vulnerabilities in transformer-based automated short-answer grading systems used in medical education, with a focus on how these systems can be manipulated through adversarial gaming strategies. Our research identifies three main types of gaming strategies that exploit the...

How to Backdoor the Knowledge Distillation

Knowledge distillation has become a cornerstone in modern machine learning systems, celebrated for its ability to transfer knowledge from a large, complex teacher model to a more efficient student model. Traditionally, this process is regarded as secure, assuming the teacher model is clean. This...

Cert-SSB: toward Certified Sample-Specific Backdoor Defense

Deep neural networks DNNs are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where an attacker manipulates a small portion of the training data to implant hidden backdoors into the model. The compromised model behaves normally on clean samples but misclassifies backdoored samples into the attacker-specified...

Bilateral Differentially Private Vertical Federated Boosted Decision Trees

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training across multiple parties while ensuring data privacy. Gradient Boosting Decision Trees GBDT, such as XGBoost, have gained popularity due to their high performance and strong interpretability. Therefor...

Hoist with His Own Petard: Inducing Guardrails to Facilitate Denial-Of-Service Attacks on Retrieval-Augmented Generation of LLMs

Whitepaper called Hoist With His Own Petard: Inducing Guardrails To Facilitate Denial-Of-Service Attacks On Retrieval-Augmented Generation Of LLMs...

Active Light Modulation to Counter Manipulation of Speech Visual Content

High-profile speech videos are prime targets for falsification, owing to their accessibility and influence. This work proposes Spotlight, a low-overhead and unobtrusive system for protecting live speech videos from visual falsification of speaker identity and lip and facial motion. Unlike...

Protocol Dialects As Formal Patterns: a Composable Theory of Lingos -- Technical Report

Protocol dialects are methods for modifying protocols that provide light-weight security, especially against easy attacks that can lead to more serious ones. A lingo is a dialect's key security component by making attackers unable to "speak" the lingo. A lingo's "talk" changes all the time,...

XBreaking: Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Jailbreaking LLMs

Large Language Models are fundamental actors in the modern IT landscape dominated by AI solutions. However, security threats associated with them might prevent their reliable adoption in critical application scenarios such as government organizations and medical institutions. For this reason,...

Graph Privacy: a Heterogeneous Federated GNN for Trans-Border Financial Data Circulation

The sharing of external data has become a strong demand of financial institutions, but the privacy issue has led to the difficulty of interconnecting different platforms and the low degree of data openness. To effectively solve the privacy problem of financial data in trans-border flow and sharin...

Traceback of Poisoning Attacks to Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Large language models LLMs integrated with retrieval-augmented generation RAG systems improve accuracy by leveraging external knowledge sources. However, recent research has revealed RAG's susceptibility to poisoning attacks, where the attacker injects poisoned texts into the knowledge database,...

Towards Fuzzing Zero-Knowledge Proof Circuits (Short Paper)

Whitepaper called Towards Fuzzing Zero-Knowledge Proof Circuits Short Paper...

An Inversion Theorem for Buffered Linear Toeplitz (BLT) Matrices and Applications to Streaming Differential Privacy

Buffered Linear Toeplitz BLT matrices are a family of parameterized lower-triangular matrices that play an important role in streaming differential privacy with correlated noise. Our main result is a BLT inversion theorem: the inverse of a BLT matrix is itself a BLT matrix with different...

Overlapping Data in Network Protocols: Bridging OS and NIDS Reassembly Gap

IPv4, IPv6, and TCP have a common mechanism allowing one to split an original data packet into several chunks. Such chunked packets may have overlapping data portions and, OS network stack implementations may reassemble these overlaps differently. A Network Intrusion Detection System NIDS that...

CryptoUNets: Applying Convolutional Networks to Encrypted Data for Biomedical Image Segmentation

In this manuscript, we demonstrate the feasibility of a privacy-preserving U-Net deep learning inference framework, namely, homomorphic encryption-based U-Net inference. That is, U-Net inference can be performed solely using homomorphic encryption techniques. To our knowledge, this is the first...

Security-By-Design at the Telco Edge with OSS: Challenges and Lessons Learned

This paper presents our experience, in the context of an industrial R&D project, on securing GENIO, a platform for edge computing on Passive Optical Network PON infrastructures, and based on Open-Source Software OSS. We identify threats and related mitigations through hardening, vulnerability...

Whispers of Data: Unveiling Label Distributions in Federated Learning through Virtual Client Simulation

Federated Learning enables collaborative training of a global model across multiple geographically dispersed clients without the need for data sharing. However, it is susceptible to inference attacks, particularly label inference attacks. Existing studies on label distribution inference exhibits...

CISA: Roadmap to Innovation in the Dams Sector

The Roadmap to Innovation in the Dams Sector outlines Research and Development Focus Areas for the next 3-5 years to enhance the security and resilience of the sector and ensure that dams and related infrastructure can withstand current and emerging risks. The R+D Focus Areas identified in this...

FFCBA: Feature-Based Full-Target Clean-Label Backdoor Attacks

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to deep neural networks, as backdoored models would misclassify poisoned samples with specific triggers into target classes while maintaining normal performance on clean samples. Among these, multi-target backdoor attacks can simultaneously target multip...

Quantifying the Noise of Structural Perturbations on Graph Adversarial Attacks

Graph neural networks have been widely utilized to solve graph-related tasks because of their strong learning power in utilizing the local information of neighbors. However, recent studies on graph adversarial attacks have proven that current graph neural networks are not robust against malicious...

SFIBA: Spatial-Based Full-Target Invisible Backdoor Attacks

Multi-target backdoor attacks pose significant security threats to deep neural networks, as they can preset multiple target classes through a single backdoor injection. This allows attackers to control the model to misclassify poisoned samples with triggers into any desired target class during...

Mitigating the Structural Bias in Graph Adversarial Defenses

In recent years, graph neural networks GNNs have shown great potential in addressing various graph structure-related downstream tasks. However, recent studies have found that current GNNs are susceptible to malicious adversarial attacks. Given the inevitable presence of adversarial attacks in the...

CachePrune: Neural-Based Attribution Defense against Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks

Large Language Models LLMs are identified as being susceptible to indirect prompt injection attack, where the model undesirably deviates from user-provided instructions by executing tasks injected in the prompt context. This vulnerability stems from LLMs' inability to distinguish between data and...

VIMU: Effective Physics-Based Realtime Detection and Recovery against Stealthy Attacks on UAVs

Sensor attacks on robotic vehicles have become pervasive and manipulative. Their latest advancements exploit sensor and detector characteristics to bypass detection. Recent security efforts have leveraged the physics-based model to detect or mitigate sensor attacks. However, these approaches are...