Zero Day Malware Detection with Alpha: Fast DBI with Transformer Models for Real World Application

The effectiveness of an AI model in accurately classifying novel malware hinges on the quality of the features it is trained on, which in turn depends on the effectiveness of the analysis tool used. Peekaboo, a Dynamic Binary Instrumentation DBI tool, defeats malware evasion techniques to capture...

Scalable APT Malware Classification Via Parallel Feature Extraction and GPU-Accelerated Learning

This paper presents an underlying framework for both automating and accelerating malware classification, more specifically, mapping malicious executables to known Advanced Persistent Threat APT groups. The main feature of this analysis is the assembly-level instructions present in executables whi...

C2RUST-BENCH: a Minimized, Representative Dataset for C-To-Rust Transpilation Evaluation

Despite the effort in vulnerability detection over the last two decades, memory safety vulnerabilities continue to be a critical problem. Recent reports suggest that the key solution is to migrate to memory-safe languages. To this end, C-to-Rust transpilation becomes popular to resolve...

Large Language Model Empowered Privacy-Protected Framework for PHI Annotation in Clinical Notes

The de-identification of private information in medical data is a crucial process to mitigate the risk of confidentiality breaches, particularly when patient personal details are not adequately removed before the release of medical records. Although rule-based and learning-based methods have been...

Reveal-Or-Obscure: a Differentially Private Sampling Algorithm for Discrete Distributions

We introduce a differentially private DP algorithm called reveal-or-obscure ROO to generate a single representative sample from a dataset of $n$ observations drawn i.i.d. from an unknown discrete distribution $P$. Unlike methods that add explicit noise to the estimated empirical distribution, ROO...

What Lurks Within? Concept Auditing for Shared Diffusion Models at Scale

Diffusion models DMs have revolutionized text-to-image generation, enabling the creation of highly realistic and customized images from text prompts. With the rise of parameter-efficient fine-tuning PEFT techniques like LoRA, users can now customize powerful pre-trained models using minimal...

Fast Plaintext-Ciphertext Matrix Multiplication from Additively Homomorphic Encryption

Plaintext-ciphertext matrix multiplication PC-MM is an indispensable tool in privacy-preserving computations such as secure machine learning and encrypted signal processing. While there are many established algorithms for plaintext-plaintext matrix multiplication, efficiently computing...

IoT-AMLHP: Aligned Multimodal Learning of Header-Payload Representations for Resource-Efficient Malicious IoT Traffic Classification

Traffic classification is crucial for securing Internet of Things IoT networks. Deep learning-based methods can autonomously extract latent patterns from massive network traffic, demonstrating significant potential for IoT traffic classification tasks. However, the limited computational and spati...

Slice+Slice Baby: Generating Last-Level Cache Eviction Sets in the Blink of an Eye

An essential step for mounting cache attacks is finding eviction sets, collections of memory locations that contend on cache space. On Intel processors, one of the main challenges for identifying contending addresses is the sliced cache design, where the processor hashes the physical address to...

Establishing Workload Identity for Zero Trust CI/CD: from Secrets to SPIFFE-Based Authentication

CI/CD systems have become privileged automation agents in modern infrastructure, but their identity is still based on secrets or temporary credentials passed between systems. In enterprise environments, these platforms are centralized and shared across teams, often with broad cloud permissions an...

BadApex: Backdoor Attack Based on Adaptive Optimization Mechanism of Black-Box Large Language Models

Previous insertion-based and paraphrase-based backdoors have achieved great success in attack efficacy, but they ignore the text quality and semantic consistency between poisoned and clean texts. Although recent studies introduce LLMs to generate poisoned texts and improve the stealthiness,...

Intent-Aware Authorization for Zero Trust CI/CD

This paper introduces intent-aware authorization for Zero Trust CI/CD systems. Identity establishes who is making the request, but additional signals are required to decide whether access should be granted. We describe a control loop architecture where policy engines such as OPA and Cedar evaluat...

Anonymous Public Announcements

We formalise the notion of an anonymous public announcement in the tradition of public announcement logic. Such announcements can be seen as in-between a public announcement from "the outside" an announcement of $φ$ and a public announcement by one of the agents an announcement of $Kaφ$: we get...

Towards Model Resistant to Transferable Adversarial Examples Via Trigger Activation

Whitepaper called Towards Model Resistant To Transferable Adversarial Examples Via Trigger Activation...

Breaking the Prompt Wall (I): a Real-World Case Study of Attacking ChatGPT Via Lightweight Prompt Injection

Whitepaper called Breaking The Prompt Wall I: A Real-World Case Study Of Attacking ChatGPT Via Lightweight Prompt Injection...

REDEditing: Relationship-Driven Precise Backdoor Poisoning on Text-To-Image Diffusion Models

The rapid advancement of generative AI highlights the importance of text-to-image T2I security, particularly with the threat of backdoor poisoning. Timely disclosure and mitigation of security vulnerabilities in T2I models are crucial for ensuring the safe deployment of generative models. We...

CSI2Dig: Recovering Digit Content from Smartphone Loudspeakers Using Channel State Information

Eavesdropping on sounds emitted by mobile device loudspeakers can capture sensitive digital information, such as SMS verification codes, credit card numbers, and withdrawal passwords, which poses significant security risks. Existing schemes either require expensive specialized equipment, rely on...

Decoupling Identity from Access: Credential Broker Patterns for Secure CI/CD

Credential brokers offer a way to separate identity from access in CI/CD systems. This paper shows how verifiable identities issued at runtime, such as those from SPIFFE, can be used with brokers to enable short-lived, policy-driven credentials for pipelines and workloads. We walk through practic...

Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Intrusion Detection in Internet of Things: a Systematic Review

The Internet of Things IoT has significantly expanded the digital landscape, interconnecting an unprecedented array of devices, from home appliances to industrial equipment. This growth enhances functionality, e.g., automation, remote monitoring, and control, and introduces substantial security...

Do You Really Need Public Data? Surrogate Public Data for Differential Privacy on Tabular Data

Differentially private DP machine learning often relies on the availability of public data for tasks like privacy-utility trade-off estimation, hyperparameter tuning, and pretraining. While public data assumptions may be reasonable in text and image domains, they are less likely to hold for tabul...

A Data-Centric Approach for Safe and Secure Large Language Models against Threatening and Toxic Content

Large Language Models LLM have made remarkable progress, but concerns about potential biases and harmful content persist. To address these apprehensions, we introduce a practical solution for ensuring LLM's safe and ethical use. Our novel approach focuses on a post-generation correction mechanism...

How Do Mobile Applications Enhance Security? an Exploratory Analysis of Use Cases and Provided Information

The ubiquity of mobile applications has increased dramatically in recent years, opening up new opportunities for cyber attackers and heightening security concerns in the mobile ecosystem. As a result, researchers and practitioners have intensified their research into improving the security and...

From Cyber Security Incident Management to Cyber Security Crisis Management in the European Union

Incident management is a classical topic in cyber security. Recently, the European Union EU has started to consider also the relation between cyber security incidents and cyber security crises. These considerations and preparations, including those specified in the EU's new cyber security laws,...

ScaloWork: Useful Proof-Of-Work with Distributed Pool Mining

Bitcoin blockchain uses hash-based Proof-of-Work PoW that prevents unwanted participants from hogging the network resources. Anyone entering the mining game has to prove that they have expended a specific amount of computational power. However, the most popular Bitcoin blockchain consumes 175.87...

The First VoicePrivacy Attacker Challenge

The First VoicePrivacy Attacker Challenge is an ICASSP 2025 SP Grand Challenge which focuses on evaluating attacker systems against a set of voice anonymization systems submitted to the VoicePrivacy 2024 Challenge. Training, development, and evaluation datasets were provided along with a baseline...

A Blockchain-Based Approach for Secure and Transparent E-Faktur Issuance in Indonesia'S VAT Reporting System

The implementation of blockchain technology in tax administration offers promising improvements in security, transparency, and efficiency. This paper presents the design of a blockchain-based e-Faktur system aimed at addressing the challenges of issuing and verifying tax invoices within Indonesia...

Multi-Class Item Mining under Local Differential Privacy

Item mining, a fundamental task for collecting statistical data from users, has raised increasing privacy concerns. To address these concerns, local differential privacy LDP was proposed as a privacy-preserving technique. Existing LDP item mining mechanisms primarily concentrate on global...

Detecting Zero-Day Web Attacks with an Ensemble of LSTM, GRU, and Stacked Autoencoders

The rapid growth in web-based services has significantly increased security risks related to user information, as web-based attacks become increasingly sophisticated and prevalent. Traditional security methods frequently struggle to detect previously unknown zero-day web attacks, putting sensitiv...

Scoring Azure Permissions with Metric Spaces

In this work, we introduce two complementary metrics for quantifying and scoring privilege risk in Microsoft Azure. In the Control Plane, we define the WAR distance, a superincreasing distance over Write, Action, and Read control permissions, which yields a total ordering of principals by their...

Towards Stateless Clients in Ethereum: Benchmarking Verkle Trees and Binary Merkle Trees with SNARKs

Ethereum, the leading platform for decentralized applications, faces challenges in maintaining decentralization due to the significant hardware requirements for validators to store Ethereum's entire state. To address this, the concept of stateless clients is under exploration, enabling validators...

Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Signatures without Trapdoors

Some of our current public key methods use a trap door to implement digital signature methods. This includes the RSA method, which uses Fermat's little theorem to support the creation and verification of a digital signature. The problem with a back-door is that the actual trap-door method could, ...

Q-FAKER: Query-Free Hard Black-Box Attack Via Controlled Generation

Many adversarial attack approaches are proposed to verify the vulnerability of language models. However, they require numerous queries and the information on the target model. Even black-box attack methods also require the target model's output information. They are not applicable in real-world...

GRR 3.4.9.1

GRR Rapid Response is an incident response framework focused on remote live forensics. The goal of GRR is to support forensics and investigations in a fast, scalable manner to allow analysts to quickly triage attacks and perform analysis remotely. GRR consists of 2 parts: client and server. GRR...

Benchmarking Differentially Private Tabular Data Synthesis

Differentially private DP tabular data synthesis generates artificial data that preserves the statistical properties of private data while safeguarding individual privacy. The emergence of diverse algorithms in recent years has introduced challenges in practical applications, such as inconsistent...

Everything You Wanted to Know about LLM-Based Vulnerability Detection but Were Afraid to Ask

Large Language Models are a promising tool for automated vulnerability detection, thanks to their success in code generation and repair. However, despite widespread adoption, a critical question remains: Are LLMs truly effective at detecting real-world vulnerabilities? Current evaluations, which...

Access Control for Data Spaces

Data spaces represent an emerging paradigm that facilitates secure and trusted data exchange through foundational elements of data interoperability, sovereignty, and trust. Within a data space, data items, potentially owned by different entities, can be interconnected. Concurrently, data consumer...

Breaking ECDSA with Two Affinely Related Nonces

The security of the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm ECDSA depends on the uniqueness and secrecy of the nonce, which is used in each signature. While it is well understood that nonce $k$ reuse across two distinct messages can leak the private key, we show that even if a distinct value i...

Trace Gadgets: Minimizing Code Context for Machine Learning-Based Vulnerability Prediction

As the number of web applications and API endpoints exposed to the Internet continues to grow, so does the number of exploitable vulnerabilities. Manually identifying such vulnerabilities is tedious. Meanwhile, static security scanners tend to produce many false positives. While machine...

ROFBS$Α$: Real Time Backup System Decoupled from ML Based Ransomware Detection

This study introduces ROFBS$α$, a new defense architecture that addresses delays in detection in ransomware detectors based on machine learning. It builds on our earlier Real Time Open File Backup System, ROFBS, by adopting an asynchronous design that separates backup operations from detection...

Bitcoin'S Edge: Embedded Sentiment in Blockchain Transactional Data

Cryptocurrency blockchains, beyond their primary role as distributed payment systems, are increasingly used to store and share arbitrary content, such as text messages and files. Although often non-financial, this hidden content can impact price movements by conveying private information, shaping...

PT-Mark: Invisible Watermarking for Text-To-Image Diffusion Models Via Semantic-Aware Pivotal Tuning

Watermarking for diffusion images has drawn considerable attention due to the widespread use of text-to-image diffusion models and the increasing need for their copyright protection. Recently, advanced watermarking techniques, such as Tree Ring, integrate watermarks by embedding traceable pattern...

Monitor and Recover: a Paradigm for Future Research on Distribution Shift in Learning-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems

With the known vulnerability of neural networks to distribution shift, maintaining reliability in learning-enabled cyber-physical systems poses a salient challenge. In response, many existing methods adopt a detect and abstain methodology, aiming to detect distribution shift at inference time so...

Designing a Reliable Lateral Movement Detector Using a Graph Foundation Model

Foundation models have recently emerged as a new paradigm in machine learning ML. These models are pre-trained on large and diverse datasets and can subsequently be applied to various downstream tasks with little or no retraining. This allows people without advanced ML expertise to build ML...

Multi-Stage Retrieval for Operational Technology Cybersecurity Compliance Using Large Language Models: a Railway Casestudy

Operational Technology Cybersecurity OTCS continues to be a dominant challenge for critical infrastructure such as railways. As these systems become increasingly vulnerable to malicious attacks due to digitalization, effective documentation and compliance processes are essential to protect these...

Towards Explainable and Lightweight AI for Real-Time Cyber Threat Hunting in Edge Networks

As cyber threats continue to evolve, securing edge networks has become increasingly challenging due to their distributed nature and resource limitations. Many AI-driven threat detection systems rely on complex deep learning models, which, despite their high accuracy, suffer from two major...

Complexity of Post-Quantum Cryptography in Embedded Systems and Its Optimization Strategies

With the rapid advancements in quantum computing, traditional cryptographic schemes like Rivest-Shamir-Adleman RSA and elliptic curve cryptography ECC are becoming vulnerable, necessitating the development of quantum-resistant algorithms. The National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST ha...

Cybersquatting in Web3: the Case of NFT

Cybersquatting refers to the practice where attackers register a domain name similar to a legitimate one to confuse users for illegal gains. With the growth of the Non-Fungible Token NFT ecosystem, there are indications that cybersquatting tactics have evolved from targeting domain names to NFTs...

Attack-Defense Trees with Offensive and Defensive Attributes (With Appendix)

Effective risk management in cybersecurity requires a thorough understanding of the interplay between attacker capabilities and defense strategies. Attack-Defense Trees ADTs are a commonly used methodology for representing this interplay; however, previous work in this domain has only focused on...

Security-First AI: Foundations for Robust and Trustworthy Systems

The conversation around artificial intelligence AI often focuses on safety, transparency, accountability, alignment, and responsibility. However, AI security i.e., the safeguarding of data, models, and pipelines from adversarial manipulation underpins all of these efforts. This manuscript posits...

Quantum Computing Supported Adversarial Attack-Resilient Autonomous Vehicle Perception Module for Traffic Sign Classification

Deep learning DL-based image classification models are essential for autonomous vehicle AV perception modules since incorrect categorization might have severe repercussions. Adversarial attacks are widely studied cyberattacks that can lead DL models to predict inaccurate output, such as incorrect...