Apple Security Advisory 05-11-2026-6

Apple Security Advisory 05-11-2026-6 - macOS Tahoe 26.5 addresses buffer overflow, bypass, code execution, denial of service, information leakage, integer overflow, null pointer, out of bounds access, out of bounds read, out of bounds write, and use-after-free vulnerabilities...

Windows Persistence via UserInitMprLogonScript Registry Key

This Python script demonstrates a Windows persistence technique based on modifying the HKCU\Environment\UserInitMprLogonScript registry value, which allows execution of a program each time the user logs in...

Runtime Skill Audit: Targeted Runtime Probing for Agent Skill Security

Agent skills let LLM agents reuse instructions, resources, tools, and workflows, but they also create a new place for malicious behavior to hide. A skill may look benign in its documentation or code while becoming harmful only when it is invoked with particular user requests, local assets,...

Credential Disclosure in (EU) Digital Identity Wallets: Privacy Risks and Practical Mitigations

The European Union will introduce the EUDI Wallet by late 2026, which allows users to hold digital credentials i.e., representations of physical official identity documents on their devices. This will allow users to securely and privately disclose identity attributes to websites. Although such a...

Relevance As a Vulnerability: How Web Retrieval Degrades Safety Alignment in LLM Agents

AI agents augment large language models with external tools such as web retrieval, enabling grounded and up-to-date responses. However, incorporating external content into the generation pipeline can weaken the safety alignment mechanisms that govern model outputs. Prior work shows that enabling...

Context-Aware Web Attack Detection in Open-Source SIEM Systems Via MITRE ATT&CK-Enriched Behavioral Profiling

Security Information and Event Management SIEM systems aggregate log data from heterogeneous sources to detect coordinated attacks. Traditional rule-based correlation engines struggle to classify multi-step web application attacks because they examine each event without reference to the behaviour...

Trojan Hippo: Weaponizing Agent Memory for Data Exfiltration

Memory systems enable otherwise-stateless LLM agents to persist user information across sessions, but also introduce a new attack surface. We characterize the Trojan Hippo attack, a class of persistent memory attacks that operates in a more realistic threat model than prior memory poisoning work:...

Toward Autonomous SOC Operations: End-To-End LLM Framework for Threat Detection, Query Generation, and Resolution in Security Operations

Security Operations Centers SOCs face mounting operational challenges. These challenges come from increasing threat volumes, heterogeneous SIEM platforms, and time-consuming manual triage workflows. We present an end-to-end threat management framework that integrates ensemble-based detection,...

AgentSOC: A Multi-Layer Agentic AI Framework for Security Operations Automation

Security Operations Centers SOCs increasingly encounter difficulties in correlating heterogeneous alerts, interpreting multi-stage attack progressions, and selecting safe and effective response actions. This study introduces AgentSOC, a multi-layered agentic AI framework that enhances SOC...

Cyber Defense Benchmark: Agentic Threat Hunting Evaluation for LLMs in SecOps

We introduce the Cyber Defense Benchmark, a benchmark for measuring how well large language model LLM agents perform the core SOC analyst task of threat hunting: given a database of raw Windows event logs with no guided questions or hints, identify the exact timestamps of malicious events. The...

Improved Leakage Abuse Attacks in Searchable Symmetric Encryption with EBPF Monitoring

Searchable Symmetric Encryption SSE allows users to search over encrypted data stored on untrusted servers, like cloud providers. While SSE hides the content of queries and documents, it still leaks patterns, such as how often a query is made. These leakages have been shown to enable leakage abus...

CIC-Trap4Phish: A Unified Multi-Format Dataset for Phishing and Quishing Attachment Detection

Phishing attacks represents one of the primary attack methods which is used by cyber attackers. In many cases, attackers use deceptive emails along with malicious attachments to trick users into giving away sensitive information or installing malware while compromising entire systems. The...

SeedSmith: LLM-Driven Seed Synthesis for Directed Fuzzing

Directed fuzzing steers fuzzers toward user-defined sink functions to identify vulnerabilities, but it frequently fails to trigger crashes even after long campaigns. We identify two challenges that prevent directed fuzzers from exposing crashes: incomplete static analysis of indirect calls, which...

RAVEN: Agentic RAG for Automated Vulnerability Repair

Automated vulnerability repair has emerged as a promising direction to mitigate the growing number of software vulnerabilities. Recent advances in Large Language Models LLMs have further accelerated research in automated repair. However, existing frameworks remain largely restricted to...

KingsGuard: Enclave Data Protection under Real-World TEE Vulnerabilities

Trusted Execution Environments TEEs have emerged as a cornerstone for securing sensitive computations by providing isolated enclaves protected from untrusted software. However, their security guarantees are undermined by vulnerabilities in both the enclave code and the underlying hardware design,...

LLM4CodeRE: Generative AI for Code Decompilation Analysis and Reverse Engineering

Code decompilation analysis is a fundamental yet challenging task in malware reverse engineering, particularly due to the pervasive use of sophisticated obfuscation techniques. Although recent large language models LLMs have shown promise in translating low-level representations into high-level...

From Similarity to Vulnerability: Key Collision Attack on LLM Semantic Caching

Semantic caching has emerged as a pivotal technique for scaling LLM applications, widely adopted by major providers including AWS and Microsoft. By utilizing semantic embedding vectors as cache keys, this mechanism effectively minimizes latency and redundant computation for semantically similar...

MalTotal: Cost-Effective and Language-Agnostic Malicious Code Poisoning Detection for Millions of Repositories

The widespread adoption of open source software OSS has introduced significant security risks, with malicious code poisoning attacks increasingly targeting public package registries and open-source platforms. Existing detection approaches, including heuristic-, learning-, and LLM-based methods,...

DHMark: Public-Key Watermarking for LLM-Generated Text Via Diffie-Hellman-Guided Rejection Sampling

Large language model LLM watermarking provides an important mechanism for tracing the provenance of generated text. Existing statistical watermarks are often effective and robust, but most of them rely on private detection keys, which centralizes verification and complicates public auditing. Rece...

Shared Vulnerabilities in Robustness-Optimized Defenses: One Breach Exposes the Family

Adversarial robustness optimization aims to preserve correct prediction under adversarial perturbations, and has produced substantial robustness gains through methods such as adversarial training and adversarial purification. However, we identify a new security risk: these gains can create shared...

DSA Nonce Vulnerabilities: An Interactive Analysis

Digital signatures are fundamental to identity authentication and data integrity in cybersecurity, and the NIST-standardized Digital Signature Algorithm DSA frequently appears in the cryptography track of CTF competitions. However, DSA relies on number theory, modular arithmetic, and large-intege...

From Regression to Prior-Aware Inference: Solving the ILWE Family in Randomness Leakage Attacks against ML-DSA

ML-DSA is a representative lattice-based signature scheme standardized by NIST. It relies on signing randomness and rejection sampling to ensure that released signatures are statistically independent of the secret key. Practical implementations, however, may leak partial information about this...

A New Framework for Cybersecurity Refusals in AI Agents

Agentic scaffolds have dramatically improved LLM performance on complex, long-horizon tasks, yielding both broad benefits and amplified risks in domains like cybersecurity. Existing benchmarks for AI agents in cybersecurity focus mainly on measuring proficiency--how effectively agents can complet...

Free-Riding in the AI Economy: Demystifying Logic Flaws in X402-Enabled Payment Systems

The agentic economy demands programmatic financial rails, positioning the x402 protocol as the de facto standard for machine-to-machine payments. However, bridging synchronous HTTP requests with asynchronous blockchain finality introduces profound state synchronization challenges. In this work, w...

Longitudinal Analyses of SAST Tools: A CodeQL Case Study

Open-source software OSS pipelines rely on automated static analysis tools to prevent the introduction of vulnerabilities in code. However, there is limited understanding of the efficacy of these tools across the OSS ecosystem over time. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to evaluate stat...

GPUBreach: Privilege Escalation Attacks on GPUs Using Rowhammer

NVIDIA GPUs with GDDR memories have been shown susceptible to Rowhammer-based bit-flips, similar to CPUs. However, Rowhammer exploits on GPUs have been limited to injecting untargeted bit-flips in victim data like weights of machine learning models, to degrade model accuracy, unlike CPU exploits...

AEGIS: From Clues to Verdicts -- Graph-Guided Deep Vulnerability Reasoning Via Dialectics and Meta-Auditing

Large Language Models LLMs are increasingly adopted for vulnerability detection, yet their reasoning remains fundamentally unsound. We identify a root cause shared by both major mitigation paradigms agent-based debate and retrieval augmentation: reasoning in an ungrounded deliberative space that...

Adversarial Sample Generation for Anomaly Detection in Industrial Control Systems

Machine learning ML-based intrusion detection systems IDS are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. It is crucial for an IDS to learn to recognize adversarial examples before malicious entities exploit them. In this paper, we generated adversarial samples using the Jacobian Saliency Map Attack JSMA...

Ghost in the Agent: Redefining Information Flow Tracking for LLM Agents

Autonomous Large Language Model LLM agents are increasingly deployed to conduct complex tasks by interacting with external tools, APIs, and memory stores. However, processing untrusted external data exposes these agents to severe security threats, such as indirect prompt injection and unauthorize...

A Systematic Study of Code Obfuscation against LLM-Based Vulnerability Detection

As large language models LLMs are increasingly adopted for code vulnerability detection, their reliability and robustness across diverse vulnerability types have become a pressing concern. In traditional adversarial settings, code obfuscation has long been used as a general strategy to bypass...

Time Will Tell: Large-Scale De-Anonymization of Hidden I2P Services Via Live Behavior Alignment (Extended Version)

I2P Invisible Internet Project is a popular anonymous communication network. While existing de-anonymization methods for I2P focus on identifying potential traffic patterns of target hidden services among extensive network traffic, they often fail to scale effectively across the large and diverse...

ThinkTrap: Denial-Of-Service Attacks against Black-Box LLM Services Via Infinite Thinking

Large Language Models LLMs have become foundational components in a wide range of applications, including natural language understanding and generation, embodied intelligence, and scientific discovery. As their computational requirements continue to grow, these models are increasingly deployed as...

The Art of Hide and Seek: Making Pickle-Based Model Supply Chain Poisoning Stealthy Again

Pickle deserialization vulnerabilities have persisted throughout Python's history, remaining widely recognized yet unresolved. Due to its ability to transparently save and restore complex objects into byte streams, many AI/ML frameworks continue to adopt pickle as the model serialization protocol...

Geometric Configurations of Perturbed Jailbreak Prompts

Perturbation techniques that turn unsuccessful jailbreak prompts into successful ones are continuously evolving, constituting a major security threat to LLM safety. In this paper, we investigate the internal representations of such string-level perturbed jailbreak inputs in the small weight model...

PTSan: A Practical Memory Safety Sanitizer for C/C++ with Pointer-Object Authority

Memory safety errors remain the dominant source of severe vulnerabilities in C and C++. Pointer-based sanitizers provide stronger guarantees than location-based tools such as LLVM's ASan, but their overhead and compatibility limitations have constrained production use. We present PTSan, an LLVM...

Apple Security Advisory 05-11-2026-1

Apple Security Advisory 05-11-2026-1 - iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5 addresses buffer overflow, bypass, denial of service, information leakage, null pointer, out of bounds access, out of bounds read, out of bounds write, and use-after-free vulnerabilities...

HogVul: Black-Box Adversarial Code Generation Framework against LM-Based Vulnerability Detectors

Recent advances in software vulnerability detection have been driven by Language Model LM-based approaches. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that exploit lexical and syntax perturbations, allowing critical flaws to evade detection. Existing black-box attacks on...

LLMs As Firmware Experts: A Runtime-Grown Tree-Of-Agents Framework

Large Language Models LLMs and their agent systems have recently demonstrated strong potential in automating code reasoning and vulnerability detection. However, when applied to large-scale firmware, their performance degrades due to the binary nature of firmware, complex dependency structures, a...

Inside LockBit: Technical, Behavioral, and Financial Anatomy of a Ransomware Empire

LockBit has evolved from an obscure Ransomware-as-a-Service newcomer in 2019 to the most prolific ransomware franchise of 2024. Leveraging a recently leaked MySQL dump of the gang's management panel, this study offers an end-to-end reconstruction of LockBit's technical, behavioral, and financial...

Apple Security Advisory 05-12-2025-3

Apple Security Advisory 05-12-2025-3 - macOS Sequoia 15.5 addresses bypass, code execution, double free, information leakage, integer overflow, out of bounds read, and use-after-free vulnerabilities...

PixJail: Self-Evolving Paper-To-Pipeline Reproduction for Text-To-Image Jailbreak Evaluation

As Text-to-Image T2I jailbreak techniques evolve rapidly, existing benchmarks and reproduction workflows often struggle to keep pace. More importantly, T2I jailbreak evaluation is not a single prompt-level test, but a pipeline-level problem shaped by multiple stages, including prompt...

Ultra-Broadband Anti-Jamming Communication Via a Rydberg Atomic Receiver

Ultra-broadband anti-jamming communication represents a promising approach to secure and robust information transfer through spread-spectrum techniques, effectively combatting malicious interference and eavesdropping. Rydberg atoms, enhanced by waveguide coupling, facilitate ultra-broadband...

Persona Attack: Incremental Memory Injection Jailbreak Attack against Large Language Models

As Large Language Models evolve for user convenience, vulnerability to jailbreak attacks continues to be reported despite ongoing efforts in safety training. Traditional jailbreak techniques typically focus on a single prompt injection, neglecting the models' ability to remember the flow of...

Refusal Before Decoding: Detecting and Exploiting Refusal Signals in Intermediate LLM Activations

In this paper, we investigate whether refusal behavior can be predicted from LLM intermediate activations before decoding using linear probes trained on residual stream activations at each transformer block. We find that refusal is linearly decodable well before the final layer, indicating that...

MRMMIA: Membership Inference Attacks on Memory in Chat Agents

Membership inference attacks MIAs test whether a target data record belongs to a system's private data, and have become a standard tool to measure privacy leakage in machine learning systems. Prior work has primarily focused on training corpora or retrieval databases. However, MIAs against agent...

Security Is Relative: Training-Free Vulnerability Detection Via Multi-Agent Behavioral Contract Synthesis

Deep learning for vulnerability detection has shown promising results on early benchmarks, but recent evaluations reveal catastrophic degradation: models achieving F1 0.68 on legacy datasets collapse to 0.031 under strict deduplication. We identify the root cause as the semantic ambiguity problem...

Cybersecurity Skills in New Graduates: A Philippine Perspective

This study investigates the key skills and competencies needed by new cybersecurity graduates in the Philippines for entry-level positions. Using a descriptive cross-sectional research design, it combines analysis of job listings from Philippine online platforms with surveys of students, teachers...

Securing AI Agents against Prompt Injection Attacks

Retrieval-augmented generation RAG systems have become widely used for enhancing large language model capabilities, but they introduce significant security vulnerabilities through prompt injection attacks. We present a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating prompt injection risks in RAG-enabled A...

One Signature, Multiple Payments: Demystifying and Detecting Signature Replay Vulnerabilities in Smart Contracts

Smart contracts have significantly advanced blockchain technology, and digital signatures are crucial for reliable verification of contract authority. Through signature verification, smart contracts can ensure that signers possess the required permissions, thus enhancing security and scalability...

BACFuzz: Exposing the Silence on Broken Access Control Vulnerabilities in Web Applications

Broken Access Control BAC remains one of the most critical and widespread vulnerabilities in web applications, allowing attackers to access unauthorized resources or perform privileged actions. Despite its severity, BAC is underexplored in automated testing due to key challenges: the lack of...