Auth.js: getToken() throws an uncaught exception on malformed Bearer authorization headers

Summary The exported getToken helper next-auth/jwt and @auth/core/jwt can throw an uncaught exception when it reads a malformed Authorization: Bearer … header. When no session cookie is present, getToken URL-decodes the bearer value before validating it, and malformed percent-encoding causes the...

Auth.js: Email normalizer validates the address before Unicode normalization, allowing a homoglyph @ bypass

Summary The default email-address normalizer used by the email/magic-link sign-in flow validates the address before applying Unicode normalization. An address can contain a Unicode character that is not an ASCII @ U+0040 but canonicalizes to one under NFKC/NFKD normalization the normalization...

Auth.js: OAuth state, nonce, and PKCE check cookies are not bound to the provider that created them

Summary Auth.js stores the OAuth/OIDC anti-CSRF checks state, nonce, and the PKCE verifier in global cookies that are not bound to the provider that created them. On callback, a check value minted during a sign-in started with one provider can satisfy the callback for a different provider, becaus...

n8n: Snowflake Node executeQuery Operation Allows SQL Injection via Unparameterized Expression Interpolation

Impact The n8n Snowflake node's Execute Query operation interpolated expression values directly into the SQL string, making queries built with untrusted data susceptible to SQL injection. Exploitation requires that a workflow author has already embedded untrusted expression data directly in a raw...

n8n: PostgresTrigger Node SQL Injection Allows Authenticated Users to Execute Arbitrary SQL on Connected PostgreSQL Instances

Impact The Postgres Trigger node interpolated user-supplied identifier parameters channel, function, and trigger names into SQL statements without proper escaping, so an authenticated user could inject arbitrary SQL executed against the connected PostgreSQL database with the configured credential...

n8n: Cross-Tenant Module-Cache Poisoning in the JS Task Runner

Impact n8n's JavaScript task runner shared one module cache across all users' Code-node executions, so a user able to run a Code node could poison a cached module and alter other users' Code-node executions on the same runner, affecting their confidentiality, integrity, or availability. This is a...

JupyterLab: Cross-site scripting (XSS) via crafted settings file (`overrides.json`)

JupyterLab 4.5+ allows notebook settings to be shared and applied through an overrides.json file using the Import button in the Settings Editor. Certain notebook display settings were not properly validated before being applied. As a result, a crafted settings file could contain hidden instructio...

JupyterLab: Image viewer allows XSS when opening malicious image in new browser tab

JupyterLab's image viewer allows for cross-site scripting XSS when a specially-crafted image file is opened through the image viewer and then opened in a new tab. This XSS issue can be used to cause remote code execution RCE on the JupyterLab server. Impact This vulnerability allows for arbitrary...

JupyterLab: PyPI extension blocklist package-name canonicalization bypass

JupyterLab's PyPI extension manager enforces blockedextensionsuris by comparing the requested install name to blocklist entries with a custom string normalization that is weaker than PyPI package-name canonicalization. An authenticated user can request a PyPI-equivalent spelling such as...

JupyterLab PluginManager lock-rule enforcement bypass

JupyterLab's plugin manager exposes administrator controls intended to prevent users from enabling or disabling selected plugins. Two server-side enforcement gaps let an authenticated user bypass those controls with direct requests to /lab/api/plugins. Impact Users could workaround the plugin...

JupyterLab: Allowlist/blocklist check in `PyPIExtensionManager.install()` not enforced for direct callers (missing `await`)

The extension allowlist/blocklist check inside PyPIExtensionManager.install was not enforced due to a missing await. For purposes of JupyterLab this was a secondary defense-in-depth check: install was intended to enforce the allowlist/blocklist itself for any future uses and users calling this...

Next.js: Server-Side Request Forgery in Server Actions on custom servers

Impact When a Server Action forwards or redirects a request, an attacker can cause the server to send that outbound request to a malicious host Server-Side Request Forgery. This requires the attacker's request to control Host-associated headers. In some configurations, it's also possible to obtai...

Next.js: Cache confusion of response bodies for requests with bodies

Impact A server-side fetch with a request body may return a cached response body from a different request to the same URL but different body. Confidential data in the POST's response body would then leak to unauthorized requests. Though the request itself will not be deduped. This only applies to...

Next.js: Cache confusion of response bodies for requests with bodies containing invalid UTF-8 byte sequences

Impact A server-side fetch with a request body may return a cached response body from a different request to the same URL but different body. Confidential data in the POST's response body would then leak to unauthorized requests. Though the request itself will not be deduped. This is only an issu...

Next.js: Unbounded Server Action payload in Edge runtime

Impact Requests targeting Next.js applications using App Router with at least one Server Action can lead to excessive memory consumption if that Server Actions uses the Edge runtime Workarounds If you cannot upgrade, ensure your hosting provider limits the request's body size. 5 MiB should be...

Next.js: Server-Side Request Forgery in rewrites via attacker-controlled destination hostname

Impact A rewrites or redirects rule that builds its external destination hostname from request-controlled input can be pointed at an arbitrary hostname, regardless of the rule's hostname suffix. For a rewrite, Next.js proxies the request to that arbitrary host and serves the response from the...

Next.js: Denial of Service in the Image Optimization API using SVGs

Impact When self-hosting Next.js with the default image loader, the Image Optimization API can optimize remotely hosted images if configured not enabled by default. If those images contain malicious content, they can cause CPU exhaustion in /next/image endpoints. - If you are using...

Next.js: Unauthenticated disclosure of internal Server Function endpoints

Impact In Next.js applications using App Router, Server Actions use server or use cache endpoints can be disclosed bypassing any authentication on the pages where these endpoints are usually used. Server Action IDs can be disclosed to unauthenticated users via publicly served client artifacts for...

Next.js: Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications using Turbopack and single locale

Impact Crafted requests targeting Next.js applications using App Router built with Turbopack and a single entry in config.i18n.locales can bypass middleware/proxy based authentication. Workarounds If you cannot upgrade immediately, enforce authorization in the page's server-side data path instead...

Next.js: Denial of Service in App Router using Server Actions

Impact Crafted requests targeting Next.js applications using App Router with at least one Server Action can lead to excessive CPU usage blocking processing of further requests in the same process. Workarounds No workaround exists besides upgrading. Applications using Pages Router or not using...

Eclipse Jetty: DoS attack triggering OutOfMemory with 100-Continue requests

Impact The original report: Server handling of 100-Continue requests can lead to memory leak that can be abused to cause a Denial of Service state. After investigation, turns out that every request that has a body, but reading the body may end up in reading 0 bytes, leaks a buffer. This is...

Eclipse Jetty: Path parameter traversal

Description as reported Summary In Jetty 12.1.8, org.eclipse.jetty.util.URIUtil.canonicalPath may leave dot-dot path segments unnormalized when a semicolon path parameter marker is followed by a slash and a dot segment. A minimal example is: /public;/../admin/secret In my local reproduction,...

Eclipse Jetty: HTTP Authority/Host mismatch

Summary Jetty currently accepts HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 requests where the regular Host header and the pseudo-header :authority do not match. As a result, the same request can carry two different host identities through Jetty: - logic based on HttpURI / Request.getServerNamerequest uses :authority -...

Eclipse Jetty: Cross-Request Leakage for trailers on HTTP/1.1 keep-alive connections

Description FINDING — MEDIUM HTTP/1.1 keep-alive connections with trailers HttpConnection.trailers Cross-Request Leakage Never Reset Between Requests Location: jetty-core/jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/internal/ HttpConnection.java:107, 1157-1161, 1170 Detail: trailers line 1...

Eclipse Jetty Digest Authentication: ISO-8859-1 lossy encoding allows authentication bypass via character substitution

Summary The DigestAuthentication.apply method in Jetty's HTTP client uses getBytesStandardCharsets.ISO88591 at three locations lines 171, 179, 196 to compute Digest auth response hashes. ISO-8859-1 silently replaces any character above U+00FF Chinese, Japanese, Cyrillic, Arabic, Emoji, etc. with...

n8n: Custom Header Credential Values Leaked in Plaintext into LLM Node Execution Data

Impact Custom HTTP headers configured in credentials for certain LLM sub-nodes including OpenAI, Anthropic, and Lemonade are masked in the n8n UI but are written in plaintext into execution data during workflow runs. Any authenticated user with access to the execution data for an affected workflo...

Dompdf: Embedded SVG images can leak existence of files and directories within the filesystem

Summary If a malicious actor can supply unrestricted content for rendering by Dompdf they can utilize the SVG rendering functionality to leak filesystem information when rendering PDF files using image references within a data-URI encoded SVG document. Details Using an element inside a data-URI...

Dompdf: Denial of Service (DoS) via Resource Exhaustion using Oversized Image Bitmaps

Summary Dompdf v3.1.5 is vulnerable to a Denial of Service DoS attack via resource exhaustion. An attacker can crash the PHP process by providing a specially crafted HTML document containing a single image with massive dimensions e.g., 30,000x30,000 pixels. While Dompdf implements internal checks...

Dompdf: Uncontrolled resource consumption based on declared BMP dimensions

Summary dompdf accepts a BMP image and generates a PDF-compatible PNG based only on its declared header dimensions and never bounds width × height before the image is converted through GD. A 58-byte BMP whose header declares e.g. 6000×6000 is accepted and later drives imagecreatetruecolor$width,...

LiteLLM: Custom Code Guardrails production endpoints bypass code safety checks

Impact LiteLLM's Custom Code Guardrails production create/update paths did not apply the same sandboxing and validation used by the test endpoint. A privileged user with access to create or update guardrails could submit custom Python code that executed in the LiteLLM proxy environment. In...

LiteLLM: MCP Authentication Bypass via OAuth2 Passthrough Fallback

Impact LiteLLM's MCP Streamable HTTP endpoint could allow an unauthenticated attacker to establish an authenticated MCP session using an arbitrary Bearer token. The MCP auth handler supported OAuth2 passthrough for upstream MCP servers, but the fallback path could replace failed LiteLLM key...

LiteLLM: Local file read via request-supplied OIDC file references

Impact LiteLLM's /health/testconnection endpoint resolved request-supplied environment and OIDC file references in litellmparams. A proxy administrator, or another privileged caller with permission to test model connections, could cause LiteLLM to read files from the local filesystem via an...

LiteLLM: Arbitrary file write via path traversal in Skills archive extraction

Impact LiteLLM Skills archive extraction did not sufficiently validate file paths from uploaded skill ZIP archives. An authenticated user with access to LiteLLM LLM API routes, or a key whose allowedroutes includes /v1/skills, anthropicroutes, or llmapiroutes, could upload a crafted skill archive...

n8n: Unauthenticated Endpoint Allows Cancellation of Any User's Active Test Webhook

Impact The DELETE /$restEndpoint/test-webhook/:id route is registered before the authentication middleware is applied, allowing any unauthenticated network caller who knows a workflow ID to cancel that workflow's active test webhook registration. The impact is limited to disrupting in-progress te...

n8n: GraphQL Node Bypasses "Allowed HTTP Request Domains" Restriction

Impact The GraphQL node did not enforce the "Allowed HTTP Request Domains" restriction on HTTP-based credentials such as Header Auth, Basic Auth, Query Auth, and OAuth, unlike the HTTP Request node. An authenticated user able to create or edit workflows could therefore point the node's endpoint a...

n8n: Member-Level Users Can Execute Other Users' MCP Server Trigger Workflows via Missing OAuth Authorization Check

Impact The OAuth 2.1 consent and token-issuance flow introduced in n8n 2.27.0 does not verify that the authenticated user has access to the workflow referenced as the OAuth resource. A member-level user can register an OAuth client, self-approve consent for another user's n8n OAuth2-protected MCP...

n8n: computer-use Shell Sandbox Not Enforced on Linux and Windows

Impact The shell tool in the @n8n/computer-use package applied its sandbox restrictions only on macOS. On Linux and Windows, shell commands executed by the tool ran without any filesystem or network restrictions, allowing unrestricted access to the host filesystem and network from within the...

n8n: Authenticated Users Can Exhaust Temporary Disk Storage via Data-Table File Uploads

Impact An authenticated user can repeatedly upload files to the data-table upload endpoint, bypassing the per-request quota check, which does not account for files already written to the shared temporary directory. This causes temporary files to accumulate on disk until the periodic cleanup runs,...

n8n: Improper Authorization Allows Authenticated Users to Assign Workflows to Folders in Other Projects

Impact An authenticated user with permission to create workflows in one project could bypass project/folder authorization boundaries during workflow creation. By supplying a crafted request payload, the user could associate a newly created workflow with a folder belonging to a different project...

n8n: External Secrets Accessible via Workflow Expressions Outside Credentials

Impact External secrets were incorrectly resolved in workflow node expressions, where they are not intended to be available. An authenticated user with project editor access could read the plaintext value of external secrets by referencing them in a node expression, without needing explicit secre...

n8n: MySQL v1 Node executeQuery Operation Allows SQL Injection via Unparameterized Expression Interpolation

Impact The legacy MySQL v1 node's executeQuery operation substitutes evaluated ... expression values directly into the raw SQL string without parameterization. If a workflow uses this operation with expression-sourced values in the query and is connected to an externally-reachable trigger such as...

n8n: External Secrets Permission Bypass via Expression Parser Mismatch

Impact Due to a mismatch between the static validation check and the runtime expression engine, an authenticated user with credential create or update permissions, but without the externalSecret:list scope, could embed external secret references into credentials in forms the validation did not...

n8n: Path-Confinement Bypass in computer-use search_files Allows Reading Files Outside the Base Directory

Impact The component @n8n/computer-use file-search tool confined searches to a configured base directory. A crafted search pattern could bypass the confinement check and expand to locations outside that directory, causing the tool to return the names and contents of files anywhere the daemon's OS...

n8n: Prototype Pollution via VM Expression Engine Sandbox Escape Leads to Denial of Service

Impact An authenticated user able to create or edit a workflow expression could abuse the expression engine's array-element access to obtain a reference to a host built-in and pollute its prototype in the main n8n process, leading to a denial of service. Both self-hosted and cloud instances runni...

n8n: Prototype Pollution via Dot-Notation Field Names Leads To Instance-Wide Denial of Service

Impact The Edit Fields Set node assigned output fields through a dot-notation path setter without restricting the field name, so an authenticated user could name a field after an inherited built-in method path and corrupt a shared global in the main Node.js process. Because that global was used o...

n8n: Edit Image Node Format Injection Allows Arbitrary File Write

Impact The n8n Edit Image node passed its output format to the underlying image library without validation, so a crafted value could write bytes to a location outside the node's working directory. An authenticated user able to run workflows could use this to write arbitrary files in the n8n...

n8n: Shared-Workflow Editor Can Exfiltrate Credentials via Inline Sub-Workflow JSON

Impact n8n's credential-access checks validated only a node's top-level credentials, not credentials referenced inside an Execute Sub-workflow node's inline workflow JSON. A member with editor access to a shared workflow could reference a credential they were not permitted to use inside that inli...

n8n: Credential Authorization Bypass via Expression in HTTP Request Node `genericAuthType`

Impact An authenticated member with edit access to a shared workflow could reference another user's credential in an HTTP Request node while specifying the credential type through an expression. Because the pre-execution permission check compared the unresolved expression instead of the real...

n8n: Expression sandbox escape via arrow-function bodies enabling command execution

Impact An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could abuse crafted expressions using arrow functions to bypass the expression sandbox, triggering unintended system command execution on the host running n8n. Patches The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.31.5 and...

n8n: Send Email Node Arbitrary File Read and SSRF via Nodemailer Content-Object Type Confusion

Impact The n8n Send Email node did not enforce that its message fields were strings, so a crafted untrusted non-string value from a workflow expression could be treated by the underlying mail library as a file path or URL. This could allow disclosure of local files on the n8n host. Exploitation...