Loan buyouts can stick users with huge surprise bills

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact If a small loan is bought out with a new loanAmount in the millions, so much interest can be charged that the borrower is unable to pay back the loan, essentially guaranteeing whales will be able to Seize NFTs. Proof of Concept The only requirement as it...

Consistently check account balance before and after transfers for Fee-On-Transfer discrepancies

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Wrong amount calculated for facilitatorTake Proof of Concept Arbitrary ERC20 tokens can be passed as loanAssetContractAddress. With a transfer, the received amount should be calculated every time to take into consideration a possible fee-on-transfer or...

When an attacker lends to a loan, the attacker can trigger DoS that any lenders can not buyout it

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact If an attacker lender lends to a loan, the attacker can always revert transactions when any lenders try to buyout, making anyone can not buyout the loan of the attacker. Proof of Concept 1. A victim calls lend, trying to buyout the loan of the attacker. ...

Lack of Limit on amount Allows Borrowers To Be Extorted For Interest Payments

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact There is on limit on the upper bounds on the amount a lender may send to a borrower. Borrowers will then be forced to pay interest and facilitators fee on the full amount loaned. The impact for a borrower is that they may be forced to repay significantly...

UserLock information can be found during emergency mode

Lines of code Vulnerability details When the contract is in blocked state emergency mode, the protocol wants to return an empty UserLock info, on calling the function getUserLock. However, there is another way, by which the users can find the same information. The below function is not protected...

Function cooldown() is not protected when protocol in emergency mode

Lines of code Vulnerability details Function cooldown is not protected when protocol is in emergency mode. Its behavior is not consistent with the other major functions defined. Impact While other major functions like stake, unstake, lock, unlock, etc., of this contract is protected by checking f...

System could be wrapped and made useless without contract whitelisting

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Anyone could create a contract or a contract factory "PAL Locker" with a fonction to deposit PAL tokens through a contract, lock them and delegate the voting power to the contract owner. Then, the ownership of this contract could be sold. By doing so,...

Staking cooldown can be avoided for a part of the funds

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Part of the stake can be withdrawn immediately at any time. Proof of Concept Ratio between COOLDOWNPERIOD and UNSTAKEPERIOD = 2 only and should be much higher ex 5 or 10 l.28 COOLDOWNPERIOD = 864000; // 10 days ... UNSTAKEPERIOD = 432000; // 5 days Vario...

admin can rug

Lines of code Vulnerability details In the function transferToken, the admin can steal all the money. --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Function getUserPastLock may return incorrect values

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact userLocks array can contain elements with the same fromBlock properties, but different total locked amounts. This edge case is not considered in the implementation of getUserPastLock function, which returns a value as soon as it finds a UserLock with...

Non unique token ID might lead to collusion

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Token IDs are defined as concatenation of points, total supply + 1. The total supply can decrease when split process in progress. This means that the contract might try to mint a token with an ID which already exists. Proof of Concept 1. Navigate to the...

Unsafe usage of transfer and transferFrom functions

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Use transfer instead of safeTransfer - in CoreCollection you don't check if the transfer has ben successful or not, and in RoyaltyVault you assume it returns bool. It is more safe to use safeTransfer instead of using the transfer functions, because some...

Add a timelock to setPlatformFee()

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact It is a good practice to give time for users to react and adjust to critical changes. A timelock provides more guarantees and reduces the level of trust required, thus decreasing risk for users. It also indicates that the project is legitimate. Here, no...

Duplicate NFTs Can Be Minted if payableToken Has a Callback Attached to it

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The mintToken function is called to mint unique tokens from an ERC721 collection. This function will either require users to provide a merkle proof to claim an airdropped token or pay a fee in the form of a payableToken. However, because the payableToken...

approve and safeApprove Should Approve the Zero Amount First

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The PooledCreditLine.sol and LenderPool.sol contracts approve the strategy contract on the collateral or borrow assets before depositing funds. This allows the strategy contracts to transfer on behalf of these contracts, pulling assets out from the pool...

if msg.value > amount , then extra eth is not transfered back to user

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact if msg.value amount , there is no mechanism to send extra eth back due to which user will lose extra Proof of Concept function startBridgeTokensViaCBridgeLiFiData memory lifiData, CBridgeData calldata cBridgeData public payable if cBridgeData.token !=...

Borrower can stop lenders from withdrawing interest payments

Lines of code line Vulnerability details Impact A borrower can prevent lenders from being able to withdraw any interest payments. For example, a malicious borrower could create a credit line proposal with a long duration and a promise of regular interest payments to entice lenders to deposit into...

Low-level transfer via call() can fail silently

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In the call function in TimelockController.sol, a call is executed with the following code: function call bytes32 id, uint256 index, address target, uint256 value, bytes memory data private // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls bool success,...

Mint spread collateral-less and conjuring collateral claims out of thin air with implicit arithmetic rounding and flawed int to uint conversion

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact This report presents 2 different incorrect behaviour that can affect the correctness of math calculations 1. Unattended Implicit rounding in QuantMath.sol div and mul 2. Inappropriate method of casting integer to unsigned integer in SignedConverter.sol...

Usage of deprecated Chainlink functions

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The Chainlink functions latestAnswer and getAnswer are deprecated. Instead, use the latestRoundData and getRoundData functions. Proof of Concept Go to and search for latestAnswer or getAnswer. You'll find the deprecation notice. Tools Used none Recommend...

Option create can be denied

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof of Concept A griefer can frontrun the createOption from a user and user's tx will revert. This line will revert because of this Recommended Mitigation Steps One gas efficient way to prevent this is to mix msg.sender into salt. --- The text was updated...

Can steal collateral deposit

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The Collateral.deposit function mints initial shares equal to the deposited amount. The deposit / withdraw functions also use the strategyController.totalValue, which includes the strategy contract balance, to compute the shares. It's possible to increas...

Strategy Migration May Leave Tokens in the Old Strategy Impacting Share Calculations

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact If a strategy does not have sufficient funds to withdraw for the full amount then it is possible that tokens will be left in this yield contract during migrate. It is common for withdrawal from a strategy to withdraw less than a user's balance. The reaso...

No use of upgradeable SafeERC20 contract in Controller.sol

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Controller.sol makes use of Open Zeppelins ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol in the file but does not use an upgradeable version of SafeERC20.sol Proof of Concept Tools Used Manual code review Recommended Mitigation Steps Make use of Open Zeppelins...

Oracle - csanuragjain

Duplicate of 46 --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

DDOS - csanuragjain

Duplicate of 119 --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

DDOS - Omik

Duplicate of 119 --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Governance issue - robee

Title: Usage of an incorrect version of Ownbale library can potentially malfunction all onlyOwner functions Severity: High Risk --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Staking tokens can be stolen

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The staking contract keeps track of shares of each user. When withdrawing from the staking contract the amount parameter is converted to shares and this value is decreased shares = amount / totalbalance totalshare. This shares calculation rounds down whi...

[WP-H4] anchor_basset_reward pending yields can be stolen

Lines of code Vulnerability details For yield farming aggregators, if the pending yield on an underlying strategy can be harvested and cause a surge of rewards to all existing investors, especially if the harvest can be triggered permissionlessly. Then the attacker can amplify the attack using a...

Updating the hub’s token contract address may lead to incorrect undelegation amount

Lines of code Vulnerability details Updating the hub’s token contract address may lead to incorrect undelegation amounts Impact The hub contract allows config updates to the tokencontract config values in anchor-bAsset-contracts/contracts/anchorbassethub/src/config.rs Such updates can cause wrong...

Governance Voting Dis-proportionally Favours Users Who Stake And Vote After A Poll Has Been Created And Had Its Snapshot Taken

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Polls are created by targeting the receivecw20 function which is queried whenever the contract receives tokens. By setting the hook message to Cw20HookMsg::CreatePoll, the sender is able to create a poll, assuming the amount sent satisfies the minimum...

Users Can Frontrun Token Distributions Using Flashloans

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The collector suite of contracts will actively send ANC token distributions to staked ANC token holders. However, because it is known beforehand that a distribution will be made to the governance contract, users can abuse this to frontrun distributions b...

If SChain is Removed Before kill() and getFunds() all Tokens are Locked in the Bridge

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact If the SChain is removed before all the funds are withdrawn from the bridge they will be permanently locked in the bridge. When a SChain is removed in by the SKALE protocol via the function SchainsInternal.removeSchain the data including the owner will b...

Missing receiver validation in withdrawFunds

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The CollateralManagement.withdrawFunds function does not validate its to parameter. Funds can be lost if to is the zero address. Similar issues have been judged as medium recently, see Sandclock M-15 / Github issue Recommended Mitigation Steps Check that...

Private sale replay attack

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The private sale signature used in buyFromPrivateSaleFor does not prevent replay attacks. If the NFT ends up in the original seller's wallet again within the deadline it can be purchased from them again. POC S sells to B using a private sale. S creates a...

Rare scenario where seller can steal NFT after an auction by creating an offer for it through reentrancy

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact It's a very specific scenario. The seller auctions off an NFT. If the buyer relists it directly while keeping the token in the escrow, the seller has the opportunity to steal it. They do it by creating an offer for it and accepting it. Proof of Concept...

Creators can steal sale revenue from owners' sales

Lines of code Vulnerability details According to the README.md All sales in the Foundation market will pay the creator 10% royalties on secondary sales. This is not specific to NFTs minted on Foundation, it should work for any NFT. If royalty information was not defined when the NFT was originall...

Incorrect implementation when accepting offer from unsettled auctions

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact FNDNFTMarket allows market offer to be made on auctioned NFTs that have not been finalised by the auction winner. Auction winner can call acceptOffer to accept the offer and finalise the auction in a single call. However, the current implementation has a...

_autoAcceptOffer doesn't check if caller of setBuyPrice owns the NFT

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact An attacker can create an offer then auto accept that offer for an NFT they don't own. This can happen for any NFT that the contract is approved for, or any NFT left in escrow with no active limitations Proof of concept Alice has an NFT that they either...

Mapping nftContractToTokenIdToBuyPrice is not deleted correctly

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Users that have bought an NFT previously through the NFTMarketBuyPrice functionality will not be able to make use of this functionality again as the nftContractToTokenIdToBuyPrice mapping is not correctly deleted anywhere in the NFTMarketBuyPrice contrac...

Missing Slippage Checks on ClearingHouse._liquidateMaker()

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The liquidateMaker function makes a call to AMM.removeLiquidity but does not provide suitable values for minQuote and minBase. As per the @todo, this call is prone to sandwich attacks, resulting in potentially fewer tokens for the maker. Proof of Concept...

Ownership of Swap.vy cannot be transferred

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Ownership transfer function of Swap.vy is commented out. Fund can be stuck if an AMM and governance change/upgrade is required. Proof of Concept --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

denial fo service

Lines of code Vulnerability details processWithdrawals can process limited amount in each call. an attacker can push to withdrawals enormous amount of withdrawals with amount = 0. in order to stop the dos attack and process the withdrawal, the governance needs to spend as much gas as the attacker...

[WP-M6] Chainlink's latestRoundData might return stale results

Lines of code Vulnerability details function getUnderlyingPriceaddress underlying virtual external view returnsint256 answer if stablePriceunderlying != 0 return stablePriceunderlying; ,answer,,, = AggregatorV3InterfacechainLinkAggregatorMapunderlying.latestRoundData; answer /= 100; uint80 round,...

ClearingHouse fail if too many amm whitelisted

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Governance can whitelist amm in ClearingHouse using the whitelistAmm function. Since a lot of function in the ClearingHouse contract will iterate each of the amm in amms and call various amm.function, if too many amm is whitelisted it is possible for tho...

[WP-H4] The collateral assets impounded with settleBadDebt() will be frozen in the insuranceFund contract

Lines of code Vulnerability details In MarginAccount.solsettleBadDebt, the collateral assets will be seized and transferred to the insuranceFund contract. However, there is no way for the liquidity providers of the insuranceFund to get back the collateral assets. In the current implementation,...

ERC4626 mints more shares than it should

Lines of code Vulnerability details bug in the mint function of the ERC4626 contract The mint function recieves an amount of shares and an address to and mints the amount of shares to the to address. The sender must transfer an amount of token, so that the ratio will be saved - shares / totalShar...

ERC4626 mints token amount, not number of shares

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact If the number of assets is different from the number of shares, the user will get more or less shares than they expect. Users don't have to be sophisticated at all, just using the contract as intended can cause users to get more or less of the shares of ...

RewardDistributor._claim uses native token payable.transfer, which is usafe for smart contracts

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact When reward.token is set to vault address and native token is used, it is sent out via payable.transfer call. This is unsafe as transfer has hard coded gas budget and can fail when the account is a smart contract. Such transactions will fail for smart...