DATABASE RESOURCES PRICING ABOUT US

{"id": "THN:62ECC5B73032124D6559355B66E1C469", "vendorId": null, "type": "thn", "bulletinFamily": "info", "title": "Update\u200c \u200cYour Chrome Browser to Patch Yet Another 0-Day Exploit\u200ced \u200cin\u200c-the\u200c-Wild", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-F1yuaWSy7gY/YMwPdaXQ2DI/AAAAAAAAC6A/mimpmywKfJIUJoPg7HuGaeY4E1nZogbKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/chrome-update.jpg>)\n\nGoogle has rolled out yet another update to Chrome browser for Windows, Mac, and Linux to fix four security vulnerabilities, including one zero-day flaw that's being exploited in the wild.\n\nTracked as **CVE-2021-30554**, the high severity flaw concerns a [use after free vulnerability](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html>) in WebGL (aka Web Graphics Library), a JavaScript API for rendering interactive 2D and 3D graphics within the browser.\n\nSuccessful exploitation of the flaw could mean corruption of valid data, leading to a crash, and even execution of unauthorized code or commands.\n\nThe issue was reported to Google anonymously on June 15, Chrome technical program manager Srinivas Sista [noted](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html>), adding the company is \"aware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30554 exists in the wild.\"\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-ZBYemfi9DNk/YMwOkeK_woI/AAAAAAAAC54/vEnl5bwj7bEa33jqkIiw-8fKTpRk0l-FQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/hacker.jpg>)\n\nWhile it's usually the norm to limit details of the vulnerability until a majority of users are updated with the fix, the development comes less than 10 days after Google addressed another zero-day vulnerability exploited in active attacks ([CVE-2021-30551](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>)).\n\nCVE-2021-30554 is also the eighth zero-day flaw patched by Google since the start of the year.\n\n\"I'm happy we are getting better at detecting these exploits and the great partnerships we have to get the vulnerabilities patched, but I remain concerned about how many are being discovered on an ongoing basis and the role of commercial providers,\" [tweeted](<https://twitter.com/ShaneHuntley/status/1402320073818132483>) Shane Huntley, Director of Google's Threat Analysis Group, on June 8.\n\nChrome users are recommended to update to the latest version (91.0.4472.114) by heading to Settings &gt; Help &gt; 'About Google Chrome' to mitigate the risk associated with the flaw.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "published": "2021-06-18T03:16:00", "modified": "2021-06-18T03:33:11", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cvss2": {"cvssV2": {"version": "2.0", "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "authentication": "NONE", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8}, "severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true}, "cvss3": {"cvssV3": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 5.9}, "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-yet.html", "reporter": "The Hacker News", "references": [], "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554"], "immutableFields": [], "lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:56", "viewCount": 121, "enchantments": {"dependencies": {"references": [{"type": "archlinux", "idList": ["ASA-202106-31", "ASA-202106-32", "ASA-202106-45", "ASA-202106-46", "ASA-202106-47", "ASA-202107-1", "ASA-202107-2", "ASA-202107-4"]}, {"type": "attackerkb", "idList": ["AKB:51E88AF4-0A81-4B72-8855-34DF072124D9", "AKB:732A3017-A62C-4347-9709-9B8790F47FA1"]}, {"type": "checkpoint_advisories", "idList": ["CPAI-2021-0484"]}, {"type": "chrome", "idList": ["GCSA-6244807684233791030", "GCSA-8794598538337601472"]}, {"type": "cisa", "idList": ["CISA:D060813248AE96F3F62B7F67A176132F", "CISA:F9916EF5EF9E126FF62CF4162B96669F"]}, {"type": "cve", "idList": ["CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554"]}, {"type": "debiancve", "idList": ["DEBIANCVE:CVE-2021-30551", "DEBIANCVE:CVE-2021-30554"]}, {"type": "fedora", "idList": ["FEDORA:10E2D309BE14", "FEDORA:6987B3049380", "FEDORA:75CA430AA7A6"]}, {"type": "freebsd", "idList": ["20B3AB21-C9DF-11EB-8558-3065EC8FD3EC", "AFDC7579-D023-11EB-BCAD-3065EC8FD3EC"]}, {"type": "gentoo", "idList": ["GLSA-202107-06"]}, {"type": "github", "idList": ["GITHUB:D9472F716C46C02F88677DBAD0EEA334"]}, {"type": "githubexploit", "idList": ["55D44407-F5C9-50A9-B51D-0D4F668CD993"]}, {"type": "googleprojectzero", "idList": ["GOOGLEPROJECTZERO:3B4F7E79DDCD0AFF3B9BB86429182DCA", "GOOGLEPROJECTZERO:CA925EE6A931620550EF819815B14156"]}, {"type": "kaspersky", "idList": ["KLA12204", "KLA12205", "KLA12209", "KLA12210", "KLA12211", "KLA12215"]}, {"type": "malwarebytes", "idList": ["MALWAREBYTES:390E663F11CA04293C83488A40CB3A8A"]}, {"type": "mscve", "idList": ["MS:CVE-2021-30551", "MS:CVE-2021-30554"]}, {"type": "nessus", "idList": ["701349.PASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_20B3AB21C9DF11EB85583065EC8FD3EC.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_AFDC7579D02311EBBCAD3065EC8FD3EC.NASL", "GENTOO_GLSA-202107-06.NASL", "GOOGLE_CHROME_91_0_4472_101.NASL", "GOOGLE_CHROME_91_0_4472_114.NASL", "MACOSX_GOOGLE_CHROME_91_0_4472_101.NASL", "MACOSX_GOOGLE_CHROME_91_0_4472_114.NASL", "MICROSOFT_EDGE_CHROMIUM_91_0_864_48.NASL", "MICROSOFT_EDGE_CHROMIUM_91_0_864_54.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-881.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-898.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-938.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-949.NASL"]}, {"type": "qualysblog", "idList": ["QUALYSBLOG:0082A77BD8EFFF48B406D107FEFD0DD3", "QUALYSBLOG:BC22CE22A3E70823D5F0E944CBD5CE4A"]}, {"type": "securelist", "idList": ["SECURELIST:BB0230F9CE86B3F1994060AA0A809C08"]}, {"type": "suse", "idList": ["OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0881-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0898-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0938-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0948-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0949-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2022:0110-1"]}, {"type": "thn", "idList": ["THN:1A836FDDE57334BC4DAFA65E6DFA02E4", "THN:4CC79A3CEFEDEB0DC9CF87C5B9035209", "THN:50D7C51FE6D69FC5DB5B37402AD0E412", "THN:6A9CD6F085628D08978727C0FF597535", "THN:7D7C05739ECD847B8CDEEAF930C51BF8", "THN:B7217784F9D53002315C9C43CCC73766", "THN:BBBFDA7EEE18F813A5DA572FD390D528", "THN:C736174C6B0ADC38AA88BC58F30271DA", "THN:CDCF433A7837180E1F294791C672C5BB"]}, {"type": "threatpost", "idList": ["THREATPOST:3697F9293A6DFF6CD5927E9E68FF488A", "THREATPOST:45B63C766965F5748AEC30DE709C8003", "THREATPOST:88DD5812D3C8652E304F32507E4F68DD", "THREATPOST:DE317ED7C5E4858FE861A15F96F6BCFD", "THREATPOST:EA23582BD77C428ACE9B9DB7D5741EB6"]}, {"type": "ubuntucve", "idList": ["UB:CVE-2021-30551", "UB:CVE-2021-30554"]}, {"type": "veracode", "idList": ["VERACODE:30949"]}]}, "score": {"value": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}, "backreferences": {"references": [{"type": "archlinux", "idList": ["ASA-202106-31", "ASA-202106-32", "ASA-202106-45", "ASA-202106-46", "ASA-202106-47"]}, {"type": "attackerkb", "idList": ["AKB:51E88AF4-0A81-4B72-8855-34DF072124D9"]}, {"type": "checkpoint_advisories", "idList": ["CPAI-2021-0484"]}, {"type": "chrome", "idList": ["GCSA-6244807684233791030", "GCSA-8794598538337601472"]}, {"type": "cisa", "idList": ["CISA:D060813248AE96F3F62B7F67A176132F", "CISA:F9916EF5EF9E126FF62CF4162B96669F"]}, {"type": "cve", "idList": ["CVE-2021-30551"]}, {"type": "debiancve", "idList": ["DEBIANCVE:CVE-2021-30551", "DEBIANCVE:CVE-2021-30554"]}, {"type": "fedora", "idList": ["FEDORA:10E2D309BE14", "FEDORA:6987B3049380"]}, {"type": "freebsd", "idList": ["20B3AB21-C9DF-11EB-8558-3065EC8FD3EC", "AFDC7579-D023-11EB-BCAD-3065EC8FD3EC"]}, {"type": "gentoo", "idList": ["GLSA-202107-06"]}, {"type": "githubexploit", "idList": ["55D44407-F5C9-50A9-B51D-0D4F668CD993"]}, {"type": "kaspersky", "idList": ["KLA12204", "KLA12205", "KLA12209", "KLA12210", "KLA12211", "KLA12215"]}, {"type": "malwarebytes", "idList": ["MALWAREBYTES:390E663F11CA04293C83488A40CB3A8A"]}, {"type": "metasploit", "idList": ["MSF:ILITIES/GENTOO-LINUX-CVE-2021-30554/", "MSF:ILITIES/GOOGLE-CHROME-CVE-2021-30551/"]}, {"type": "mscve", "idList": ["MS:CVE-2021-30551", "MS:CVE-2021-30554"]}, {"type": "nessus", "idList": ["FREEBSD_PKG_20B3AB21C9DF11EB85583065EC8FD3EC.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_AFDC7579D02311EBBCAD3065EC8FD3EC.NASL", "GOOGLE_CHROME_91_0_4472_101.NASL", "GOOGLE_CHROME_91_0_4472_114.NASL", "MACOSX_GOOGLE_CHROME_91_0_4472_101.NASL", "MACOSX_GOOGLE_CHROME_91_0_4472_114.NASL", "MICROSOFT_EDGE_CHROMIUM_91_0_864_48.NASL", "MICROSOFT_EDGE_CHROMIUM_91_0_864_54.NASL"]}, {"type": "qualysblog", "idList": ["QUALYSBLOG:BC22CE22A3E70823D5F0E944CBD5CE4A"]}, {"type": "securelist", "idList": ["SECURELIST:BB0230F9CE86B3F1994060AA0A809C08"]}, {"type": "suse", "idList": ["OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0881-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0898-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0938-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0948-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0949-1"]}, {"type": "thn", "idList": ["THN:1A836FDDE57334BC4DAFA65E6DFA02E4", "THN:4CC79A3CEFEDEB0DC9CF87C5B9035209", "THN:7D7C05739ECD847B8CDEEAF930C51BF8", "THN:BBBFDA7EEE18F813A5DA572FD390D528", "THN:C736174C6B0ADC38AA88BC58F30271DA", "THN:CDCF433A7837180E1F294791C672C5BB"]}, {"type": "threatpost", "idList": ["THREATPOST:88DD5812D3C8652E304F32507E4F68DD", "THREATPOST:EA23582BD77C428ACE9B9DB7D5741EB6"]}, {"type": "ubuntucve", "idList": ["UB:CVE-2021-30551", "UB:CVE-2021-30554"]}]}, "exploitation": null, "epss": [{"cve": "CVE-2021-30551", "epss": "0.335030000", "percentile": "0.963600000", "modified": "2023-03-17"}, {"cve": "CVE-2021-30554", "epss": "0.006800000", "percentile": "0.768950000", "modified": "2023-03-17"}], "vulnersScore": 0.0}, "_state": {"dependencies": 1659988328, "score": 1659900566, "epss": 1679073339}, "_internal": {"score_hash": "b4c46f4a03680c3ed877675f4dd8d1f1"}}

{"cisa": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-07T18:11:00", "description": "Google has released Chrome version 91.0.4472.114 for Windows, Mac, and Linux. This version addresses vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit to take control of an affected system. One of these vulnerabilities\u2014CVE-2021-30554\u2014has been detected in exploits in the wild.\n\nCISA encourages users and administrators to review the [Chrome Release Note](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html>) and apply the necessary updates.\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy &amp; Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/18/google-releases-security-updates-chrome>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-18T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "Google Releases Security Updates for Chrome", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554"], "modified": "2021-06-18T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:D060813248AE96F3F62B7F67A176132F", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/18/google-releases-security-updates-chrome", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-09T14:01:02", "description": "Google has released Chrome version 91.0.4472.101 for Windows, Mac, and Linux. This version addresses vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit to take control of an affected system. One of these vulnerabilities\u2014[CVE-2021-30551](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30551>)\u2014has been detected in exploits in the wild.\n\nCISA encourages users and administrators to review the [Chrome Release Note](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) and apply the necessary updates.\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy &amp; Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/10/google-releases-security-updates-chrome>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-10T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "Google Releases Security Updates for Chrome", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30551"], "modified": "2021-06-10T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:F9916EF5EF9E126FF62CF4162B96669F", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/10/google-releases-security-updates-chrome", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "mscve": [{"lastseen": "2023-03-17T02:34:07", "description": "This CVE was assigned by Chrome. Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) ingests Chromium, which addresses this vulnerability. Please see [Google Chrome Releases](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021>) for more information. Microsoft is aware of reports that exploits for CVE-2021-30554 exist in the wild.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-18T16:21:57", "type": "mscve", "title": "Chromium: CVE-2021-30554 Use after free in WebGL", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554"], "modified": "2021-06-18T16:21:57", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-30554", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30554", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-03-17T02:34:07", "description": "This CVE was assigned by Chrome. Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) ingests Chromium, which addresses this vulnerability. Please see [Google Chrome Releases](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021>) for more information. Microsoft is aware of reports that exploits for CVE-2021-30551 exist in the wild.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-11T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Chromium: CVE-2021-30551 Type Confusion in V8", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": 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(CVE-2022-0803)\n\n - Use after free in Browser Switcher in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via user interaction. (CVE-2022-0805)\n\n - Data leak in Canvas in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in screen sharing to potentially leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0806)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0807)\n\n - Use after free in Chrome OS Shell in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in a series of user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via user interactions. (CVE-2022-0808)\n\n - Out of bounds memory access in WebXR in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0809)\n\n - Use after free in Blink Layout in Google Chrome on Android prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-0971)\n\n - Use after free in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-0972)\n\n - Use after free in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0973)\n\n - Use after free in Splitscreen in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0974)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0975, CVE-2022-0978)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in GPU in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0976)\n\n - Use after free in Browser UI in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0977)\n\n - Use after free in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome on Android prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0979)\n\n - Use after free in New Tab Page in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-0980)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.84 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1096)\n\n - Use after free in Portals in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via user interaction.\n (CVE-2022-1125)\n\n - Use after free in QR Code Generator in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via user interaction. (CVE-2022-1127)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Web Share API in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed an attacker on the local network segment to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1128)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Full Screen Mode in Google Chrome on Android prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1129)\n\n - Insufficient validation of trust input in WebOTP in Google Chrome on Android prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to send arbitrary intents from any app via a malicious app. (CVE-2022-1130)\n\n - Use after free in Cast UI in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1131)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Virtual Keyboard in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a local attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via physical access to the device.\n (CVE-2022-1132)\n\n - Use after free in WebRTC Perf in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1133)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1134)\n\n - Use after free in Shopping Cart in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via standard feature user interaction. (CVE-2022-1135)\n\n - Use after free in Tab Strip in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific set of user gestures. (CVE-2022-1136)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak potentially sensitive information via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1137)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Web Cursor in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to obscure the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1138)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Background Fetch API in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1139)\n\n - Use after free in File Manager in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user gesture. (CVE-2022-1141)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in WebUI in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific input into DevTools. (CVE-2022-1142, CVE-2022-1143)\n\n - Use after free in WebUI in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific input into DevTools. (CVE-2022-1144)\n\n - Use after free in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interaction and profile destruction. (CVE-2022-1145)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Resource Timing in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1146)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.75 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1232)\n\n - Use after free in storage in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1305)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in compositing in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1306)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in full screen in Google Chrome on Android prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1307)\n\n - Use after free in BFCache in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1308)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in developer tools in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1309)\n\n - Use after free in regular expressions in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1310)\n\n - Use after free in shell in Google Chrome on ChromeOS prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1311)\n\n - Use after free in storage in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted Chrome Extension.\n (CVE-2022-1312)\n\n - Use after free in tab groups in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1313)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1314)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 Turbofan in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.127 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1364)\n\n - Use after free in Vulkan in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1477)\n\n - Use after free in SwiftShader in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1478)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1479)\n\n - Use after free in Sharing in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1481)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in WebGL in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1482)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in WebGPU in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1483)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in Web UI Settings in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1484)\n\n - Use after free in File System API in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1485)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1486)\n\n - Use after free in Ozone in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via running a Wayland test. (CVE-2022-1487)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions API in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak cross-origin data via a crafted Chrome Extension. (CVE-2022-1488)\n\n - Out of bounds memory access in UI Shelf in Google Chrome on Chrome OS, Lacros prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interactions.\n (CVE-2022-1489)\n\n - Use after free in Browser Switcher in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1490)\n\n - Use after free in Bookmarks in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific and direct user interaction. (CVE-2022-1491)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in Blink Editing in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to inject arbitrary scripts or HTML via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1492)\n\n - Use after free in Dev Tools in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific and direct user interaction. (CVE-2022-1493)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in Trusted Types in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to bypass trusted types policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1494)\n\n - Incorrect security UI in Downloads in Google Chrome on Android prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to spoof the APK downloads dialog via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1495)\n\n - Use after free in File Manager in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific and direct user interaction. (CVE-2022-1496)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Input in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to spoof the contents of cross-origin websites via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1497)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in HTML Parser in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1498)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in WebAuthentication in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to bypass same origin policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1499)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in Dev Tools in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1500)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in iframe in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1501)\n\n - Use after free in Sharesheet in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-1633)\n\n - Use after free in Browser UI in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker who had convinced a user to engage in specific UI interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-1634)\n\n - Use after free in Permission Prompts in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-1635)\n\n - Use after free in Performance APIs in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1636)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Web Contents in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1637)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1639)\n\n - Use after free in Sharing in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1640)\n\n - Use after free in Web UI Diagnostics in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1641)\n\n - Use after free in Indexed DB in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1853)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1854)\n\n - Use after free in Messaging in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1855)\n\n - Use after free in User Education in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension or specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1856)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in File System API in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to bypass file system restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1857)\n\n - Out of bounds read in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1858)\n\n - Use after free in Performance Manager in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1859)\n\n - Use after free in UI Foundations in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-1860)\n\n - Use after free in Sharing in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to enage in specific user interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1861)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass profile restrictions via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1862)\n\n - Use after free in Tab Groups in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension and specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1863)\n\n - Use after free in WebApp Installs in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension and specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1864)\n\n - Use after free in Bookmarks in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension and specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1865)\n\n - Use after free in Tablet Mode in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-1866)\n\n - Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Data Transfer in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to bypass same origin policy via a crafted clipboard content. (CVE-2022-1867)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions API in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1868)\n\n - Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1869)\n\n - Use after free in App Service in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension. (CVE-2022-1870)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in File System API in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass file system policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1871)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in Extensions API in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass downloads policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1872)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in COOP in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1873)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to bypass downloads protection policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1874)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in PDF in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1875)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1876)\n\n - Use after free in WebGPU in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.115 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2007)\n\n - Out of bounds read in compositing in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.115 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-2010)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.115 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2011)\n\n - Use after free in Core in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2156)\n\n - Use after free in Interest groups in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-2157)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2158)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in DevTools in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to obtain potentially sensitive information from a user's local files via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2160)\n\n - Use after free in WebApp Provider in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker who convinced the user to engage in specific user interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific UI interactions. (CVE-2022-2161)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in File System API in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker to bypass file system access via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2162)\n\n - Use after free in Cast UI and Toolbar in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.134 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via UI interaction. (CVE-2022-2163)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions API in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2164)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in URL formatting in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker to perform domain spoofing via IDN homographs via a crafted domain name. (CVE-2022-2165)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. (CVE-2022-22021)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909, CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-24475)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Spoofing Vulnerability. (CVE-2022-24523, CVE-2022-26905)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909, CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26891)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909, CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26894)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909, CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26895)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909, CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26900)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26909, CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26908)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26909)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909. (CVE-2022-26912)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-30128. (CVE-2022-30127)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-30127. (CVE-2022-30128)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-33638, CVE-2022-33639. (CVE-2022-30192)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-30192, CVE-2022-33639. (CVE-2022-33638)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-30192, CVE-2022-33638. (CVE-2022-33639)\n\n - This CVE was assigned by Chrome. Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) ingests Chromium, which addresses this vulnerability. Please see Google Chrome Releases for more information. (CVE-2022-0801) \n - Please review the referenced CVE identifiers for details. (CVE-2022-29144, CVE-2022-29146, CVE-2022-29147)\n\nNote that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-08-15T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "GLSA-202208-25 : Chromium, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, QtWebEngine: Multiple Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-4052", "CVE-2021-4053", "CVE-2021-4054", "CVE-2021-4055", "CVE-2021-4056", "CVE-2021-4057", "CVE-2021-4058", "CVE-2021-4059", "CVE-2021-4061", "CVE-2021-4062", "CVE-2021-4063", "CVE-2021-4064", "CVE-2021-4065", "CVE-2021-4066", "CVE-2021-4067", "CVE-2021-4068", "CVE-2021-4078", "CVE-2021-4079", "CVE-2022-0789", "CVE-2022-0790", "CVE-2022-0791", "CVE-2022-0792", "CVE-2022-0793", "CVE-2022-0794", "CVE-2022-0795", "CVE-2022-0796", "CVE-2022-0797", "CVE-2022-0798", "CVE-2022-0799", "CVE-2022-0800", "CVE-2022-0801", "CVE-2022-0802", "CVE-2022-0803", "CVE-2022-0804", "CVE-2022-0805", "CVE-2022-0806", "CVE-2022-0807", "CVE-2022-0808", "CVE-2022-0809", "CVE-2022-0971", "CVE-2022-0972", "CVE-2022-0973", "CVE-2022-0974", "CVE-2022-0975", "CVE-2022-0976", "CVE-2022-0977", "CVE-2022-0978", "CVE-2022-0979", "CVE-2022-0980", "CVE-2022-1096", "CVE-2022-1125", "CVE-2022-1127", "CVE-2022-1128", "CVE-2022-1129", "CVE-2022-1130", "CVE-2022-1131", "CVE-2022-1132", "CVE-2022-1133", "CVE-2022-1134", "CVE-2022-1135", "CVE-2022-1136", "CVE-2022-1137", "CVE-2022-1138", "CVE-2022-1139", "CVE-2022-1141", "CVE-2022-1142", "CVE-2022-1143", "CVE-2022-1144", "CVE-2022-1145", "CVE-2022-1146", "CVE-2022-1232", "CVE-2022-1305", "CVE-2022-1306", "CVE-2022-1307", "CVE-2022-1308", "CVE-2022-1309", "CVE-2022-1310", "CVE-2022-1311", "CVE-2022-1312", "CVE-2022-1313", "CVE-2022-1314", "CVE-2022-1364", "CVE-2022-1477", "CVE-2022-1478", "CVE-2022-1479", "CVE-2022-1481", "CVE-2022-1482", "CVE-2022-1483", "CVE-2022-1484", "CVE-2022-1485", "CVE-2022-1486", "CVE-2022-1487", "CVE-2022-1488", "CVE-2022-1489", "CVE-2022-1490", "CVE-2022-1491", "CVE-2022-1492", "CVE-2022-1493", "CVE-2022-1494", "CVE-2022-1495", "CVE-2022-1496", "CVE-2022-1497", "CVE-2022-1498", "CVE-2022-1499", "CVE-2022-1500", "CVE-2022-1501", "CVE-2022-1633", "CVE-2022-1634", "CVE-2022-1635", "CVE-2022-1636", "CVE-2022-1637", "CVE-2022-1639", "CVE-2022-1640", "CVE-2022-1641", "CVE-2022-1853", "CVE-2022-1854", "CVE-2022-1855", "CVE-2022-1856", "CVE-2022-1857", "CVE-2022-1858", "CVE-2022-1859", "CVE-2022-1860", "CVE-2022-1861", "CVE-2022-1862", "CVE-2022-1863", "CVE-2022-1864", "CVE-2022-1865", "CVE-2022-1866", "CVE-2022-1867", "CVE-2022-1868", "CVE-2022-1869", "CVE-2022-1870", "CVE-2022-1871", "CVE-2022-1872", "CVE-2022-1873", "CVE-2022-1874", "CVE-2022-1875", "CVE-2022-1876", "CVE-2022-2007", "CVE-2022-2010", "CVE-2022-2011", "CVE-2022-2156", "CVE-2022-2157", "CVE-2022-2158", "CVE-2022-2160", "CVE-2022-2161", "CVE-2022-2162", "CVE-2022-2163", "CVE-2022-2164", "CVE-2022-2165", "CVE-2022-22021", "CVE-2022-24475", "CVE-2022-24523", "CVE-2022-26891", "CVE-2022-26894", "CVE-2022-26895", "CVE-2022-26900", "CVE-2022-26905", "CVE-2022-26908", "CVE-2022-26909", "CVE-2022-26912", "CVE-2022-29144", "CVE-2022-29146", "CVE-2022-29147", "CVE-2022-30127", "CVE-2022-30128", "CVE-2022-30192", "CVE-2022-33638", "CVE-2022-33639"], "modified": "2022-12-01T00:00:00", "cpe": ["p-cpe:/a:gentoo:linux:chromium", "p-cpe:/a:gentoo:linux:google-chrome", "p-cpe:/a:gentoo:linux:microsoft-edge", "p-cpe:/a:gentoo:linux:qtwebengine", "cpe:/o:gentoo:linux"], "id": "GENTOO_GLSA-202208-25.NASL", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/164112", "sourceData": "#\n# (C) Tenable, Inc.\n#\n# @NOAGENT@\n#\n# The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were\n# extracted from Gentoo Linux Security Advisory GLSA 202208-25.\n#\n# The advisory text is Copyright (C) 2001-2021 Gentoo Foundation, Inc.\n# and licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution / Share Alike\n# license. 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(CVE-2021-30551)\n\n - Use after free in web apps in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed an attacker who convinced a user\n to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension.\n (CVE-2021-4052)\n\n - Use after free in UI in Google Chrome on Linux prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4053)\n\n - Incorrect security UI in autofill in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to\n perform domain spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4054)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in extensions in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed an attacker who\n convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted\n Chrome Extension. (CVE-2021-4055)\n\n - Type confusion in loader in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4056)\n\n - Use after free in file API in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker who had\n compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2021-4057)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4058)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in loader in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to\n leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4059)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4061, CVE-2021-4078)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in BFCache in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker who had\n compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2021-4062)\n\n - Use after free in developer tools in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4063)\n\n - Use after free in screen capture in Google Chrome on ChromeOS prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote\n attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4064)\n\n - Use after free in autofill in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4065)\n\n - Integer underflow in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4066)\n\n - Use after free in window manager in Google Chrome on ChromeOS prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote\n attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4067)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in new tab page in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote\n attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2021-4068)\n\n - Out of bounds write in WebRTC in Google Chrome prior to 96.0.4664.93 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via crafted WebRTC packets. (CVE-2021-4079)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0789)\n\n - Use after free in Cast UI in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a\n user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML\n page. (CVE-2022-0790)\n\n - Use after free in Omnibox in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a\n user to engage in specific user interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via user interactions.\n (CVE-2022-0791)\n\n - Out of bounds read in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0792)\n\n - Use after free in Cast in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to\n install a malicious extension and engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap\n corruption via a crafted Chrome Extension. (CVE-2022-0793)\n\n - Use after free in WebShare in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who convinced\n a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML\n page. (CVE-2022-0794)\n\n - Type confusion in Blink Layout in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0795)\n\n - Use after free in Media in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0796)\n\n - Out of bounds memory access in Mojo in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker to\n perform an out of bounds memory write via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0797)\n\n - Use after free in MediaStream in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed an attacker who convinced a\n user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome\n Extension. (CVE-2022-0798)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in Installer in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a\n remote attacker to perform local privilege escalation via a crafted offline installer file.\n (CVE-2022-0799)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in Cast UI in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a\n crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0800)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Full screen mode in Google Chrome on Android prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed\n a remote attacker to hide the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0802,\n CVE-2022-0804)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Permissions in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote\n attacker to tamper with the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0803)\n\n - Use after free in Browser Switcher in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via user\n interaction. (CVE-2022-0805)\n\n - Data leak in Canvas in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user\n to engage in screen sharing to potentially leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0806)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker\n to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0807)\n\n - Use after free in Chrome OS Shell in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote\n attacker who convinced a user to engage in a series of user interaction to potentially exploit heap\n corruption via user interactions. (CVE-2022-0808)\n\n - Out of bounds memory access in WebXR in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.51 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0809)\n\n - Use after free in Blink Layout in Google Chrome on Android prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker\n who had compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-0971)\n\n - Use after free in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed an attacker who convinced a\n user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-0972)\n\n - Use after free in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0973)\n\n - Use after free in Splitscreen in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote\n attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap\n corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0974)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0975, CVE-2022-0978)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in GPU in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0976)\n\n - Use after free in Browser UI in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote attacker\n who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a\n crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0977)\n\n - Use after free in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome on Android prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed a remote\n attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap\n corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-0979)\n\n - Use after free in New Tab Page in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.74 allowed an attacker who convinced a\n user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user\n interactions. (CVE-2022-0980)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 99.0.4844.84 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1096)\n\n - Use after free in Portals in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who convinced\n a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via user interaction.\n (CVE-2022-1125)\n\n - Use after free in QR Code Generator in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via user\n interaction. (CVE-2022-1127)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Web Share API in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed\n an attacker on the local network segment to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1128)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Full Screen Mode in Google Chrome on Android prior to 100.0.4896.60\n allowed a remote attacker to spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1129)\n\n - Insufficient validation of trust input in WebOTP in Google Chrome on Android prior to 100.0.4896.60\n allowed a remote attacker to send arbitrary intents from any app via a malicious app. (CVE-2022-1130)\n\n - Use after free in Cast UI in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1131)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Virtual Keyboard in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 100.0.4896.60\n allowed a local attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via physical access to the device.\n (CVE-2022-1132)\n\n - Use after free in WebRTC Perf in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1133)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1134)\n\n - Use after free in Shopping Cart in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via standard feature user interaction. (CVE-2022-1135)\n\n - Use after free in Tab Strip in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed an attacker who convinced a\n user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific set of user\n gestures. (CVE-2022-1136)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed an attacker who\n convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak potentially sensitive information via a crafted\n HTML page. (CVE-2022-1137)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Web Cursor in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote\n attacker who had compromised the renderer process to obscure the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a\n crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1138)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Background Fetch API in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a\n remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1139)\n\n - Use after free in File Manager in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via\n specific user gesture. (CVE-2022-1141)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in WebUI in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via\n specific input into DevTools. (CVE-2022-1142, CVE-2022-1143)\n\n - Use after free in WebUI in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a\n user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific input into\n DevTools. (CVE-2022-1144)\n\n - Use after free in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed an attacker who convinced a\n user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interaction\n and profile destruction. (CVE-2022-1145)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Resource Timing in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.60 allowed a remote\n attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1146)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.75 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1232)\n\n - Use after free in storage in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1305)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in compositing in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote\n attacker to spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1306)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in full screen in Google Chrome on Android prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a\n remote attacker to spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1307)\n\n - Use after free in BFCache in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1308)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in developer tools in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a\n remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1309)\n\n - Use after free in regular expressions in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1310)\n\n - Use after free in shell in Google Chrome on ChromeOS prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1311)\n\n - Use after free in storage in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed an attacker who convinced a user\n to install a malicious extension to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted Chrome Extension.\n (CVE-2022-1312)\n\n - Use after free in tab groups in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1313)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.88 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1314)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 Turbofan in Google Chrome prior to 100.0.4896.127 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1364)\n\n - Use after free in Vulkan in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1477)\n\n - Use after free in SwiftShader in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1478)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1479)\n\n - Use after free in Sharing in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a\n crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1481)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in WebGL in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1482)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in WebGPU in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker who had\n compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1483)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in Web UI Settings in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker\n to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1484)\n\n - Use after free in File System API in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1485)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to obtain\n potentially sensitive information from process memory via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1486)\n\n - Use after free in Ozone in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via running a Wayland test. (CVE-2022-1487)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions API in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed an attacker\n who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak cross-origin data via a crafted Chrome\n Extension. (CVE-2022-1488)\n\n - Out of bounds memory access in UI Shelf in Google Chrome on Chrome OS, Lacros prior to 101.0.4951.41\n allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific user interactions.\n (CVE-2022-1489)\n\n - Use after free in Browser Switcher in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a\n crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1490)\n\n - Use after free in Bookmarks in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via specific and direct user interaction. (CVE-2022-1491)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in Blink Editing in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote\n attacker to inject arbitrary scripts or HTML via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1492)\n\n - Use after free in Dev Tools in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via specific and direct user interaction. (CVE-2022-1493)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in Trusted Types in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote\n attacker to bypass trusted types policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1494)\n\n - Incorrect security UI in Downloads in Google Chrome on Android prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote\n attacker to spoof the APK downloads dialog via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1495)\n\n - Use after free in File Manager in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via specific and direct user interaction. (CVE-2022-1496)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Input in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker to\n spoof the contents of cross-origin websites via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1497)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in HTML Parser in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote\n attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1498)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in WebAuthentication in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote\n attacker to bypass same origin policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1499)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in Dev Tools in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote\n attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1500)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in iframe in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.41 allowed a remote attacker\n to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1501)\n\n - Use after free in Sharesheet in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote\n attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption\n via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-1633)\n\n - Use after free in Browser UI in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker who had\n convinced a user to engage in specific UI interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific\n user interactions. (CVE-2022-1634)\n\n - Use after free in Permission Prompts in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via specific\n user interactions. (CVE-2022-1635)\n\n - Use after free in Performance APIs in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1636)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Web Contents in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote\n attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1637)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1639)\n\n - Use after free in Sharing in Google Chrome prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote attacker who convinced\n a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML\n page. (CVE-2022-1640)\n\n - Use after free in Web UI Diagnostics in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 101.0.4951.64 allowed a remote\n attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption\n via specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1641)\n\n - Use after free in Indexed DB in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1853)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1854)\n\n - Use after free in Messaging in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to\n potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1855)\n\n - Use after free in User Education in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced\n a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome\n Extension or specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1856)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in File System API in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a\n remote attacker to bypass file system restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1857)\n\n - Out of bounds read in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to\n perform an out of bounds memory read via specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1858)\n\n - Use after free in Performance Manager in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker\n who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a\n crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1859)\n\n - Use after free in UI Foundations in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote\n attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interaction to potentially exploit heap\n corruption via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-1860)\n\n - Use after free in Sharing in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker\n who convinced a user to enage in specific user interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via\n specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1861)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who\n convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass profile restrictions via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1862)\n\n - Use after free in Tab Groups in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a\n user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome\n Extension and specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1863)\n\n - Use after free in WebApp Installs in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who\n convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted\n Chrome Extension and specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1864)\n\n - Use after free in Bookmarks in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a\n user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome\n Extension and specific user interaction. (CVE-2022-1865)\n\n - Use after free in Tablet Mode in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote\n attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific user interactions to potentially exploit heap\n corruption via specific user interactions. (CVE-2022-1866)\n\n - Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Data Transfer in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61\n allowed a remote attacker to bypass same origin policy via a crafted clipboard content. (CVE-2022-1867)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions API in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker\n who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML\n page. (CVE-2022-1868)\n\n - Type Confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1869)\n\n - Use after free in App Service in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced a\n user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted Chrome\n Extension. (CVE-2022-1870)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in File System API in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an\n attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass file system policy via a crafted\n HTML page. (CVE-2022-1871)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in Extensions API in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an\n attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass downloads policy via a crafted\n HTML page. (CVE-2022-1872)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in COOP in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker\n to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1873)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a\n remote attacker to bypass downloads protection policy via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1874)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in PDF in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed a remote attacker to\n leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-1875)\n\n - Heap buffer overflow in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.61 allowed an attacker who convinced\n a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-1876)\n\n - Use after free in WebGPU in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.115 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2007)\n\n - Out of bounds read in compositing in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.115 allowed a remote attacker who\n had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-2010)\n\n - Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.115 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2011)\n\n - Use after free in Core in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2156)\n\n - Use after free in Interest groups in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker who\n had compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.\n (CVE-2022-2157)\n\n - Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker to potentially\n exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2158)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in DevTools in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed an\n attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to obtain potentially sensitive information\n from a user's local files via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2160)\n\n - Use after free in WebApp Provider in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote attacker who\n convinced the user to engage in specific user interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via\n specific UI interactions. (CVE-2022-2161)\n\n - Insufficient policy enforcement in File System API in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 103.0.5060.53\n allowed a remote attacker to bypass file system access via a crafted HTML page. (CVE-2022-2162)\n\n - Use after free in Cast UI and Toolbar in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.134 allowed an attacker who\n convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via UI\n interaction. (CVE-2022-2163)\n\n - Inappropriate implementation in Extensions API in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed an attacker\n who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted\n HTML page. (CVE-2022-2164)\n\n - Insufficient data validation in URL formatting in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.53 allowed a remote\n attacker to perform domain spoofing via IDN homographs via a crafted domain name. (CVE-2022-2165)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. (CVE-2022-22021)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909,\n CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-24475)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Spoofing Vulnerability. (CVE-2022-24523, CVE-2022-26905)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909,\n CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26891)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909,\n CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26894)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909,\n CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26895)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26908, CVE-2022-26909,\n CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26900)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26909,\n CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26908)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908,\n CVE-2022-26912. (CVE-2022-26909)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-24475, CVE-2022-26891, CVE-2022-26894, CVE-2022-26895, CVE-2022-26900, CVE-2022-26908,\n CVE-2022-26909. (CVE-2022-26912)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-30128. (CVE-2022-30127)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-30127. (CVE-2022-30128)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-33638, CVE-2022-33639. (CVE-2022-30192)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-30192, CVE-2022-33639. (CVE-2022-33638)\n\n - Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from\n CVE-2022-30192, CVE-2022-33638. (CVE-2022-33639)\n\n - This CVE was assigned by Chrome. Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) ingests Chromium, which addresses this\n vulnerability. Please see Google Chrome Releases for more information. (CVE-2022-0801)\n \n - Please review the referenced CVE identifiers for details. (CVE-2022-29144, CVE-2022-29146,\n CVE-2022-29147)\n\nNote that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version\nnumber.\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-25\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=773040\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=787950\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=800181\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=810781\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=815397\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=828519\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", 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Google Chrome prior to 91.0.4472.101 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-15T22:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2021-30551", "cwe": ["CWE-843"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30551"], "modified": "2022-09-28T20:02:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:33", "cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:34"], "id": "CVE-2021-30551", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2021-30551", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:33:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"]}], "checkpoint_advisories": [{"lastseen": "2022-02-16T19:32:09", "description": "A heap corruption vulnerability exists in Google Chrome. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-26T00:00:00", "type": "checkpoint_advisories", "title": "Google Chrome Heap Corruption (CVE-2021-30551)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30551"], "modified": "2021-07-26T00:00:00", "id": "CPAI-2021-0484", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "githubexploit": [{"lastseen": "2022-04-01T06:07:29", "description": "# CVE-2021-30551\n\nMy exp for chrome V8...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-22T14:15:23", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Type Confusion in Google Chrome", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30551"], "modified": "2022-04-01T03:53:55", "id": "55D44407-F5C9-50A9-B51D-0D4F668CD993", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}], "veracode": [{"lastseen": "2022-07-26T16:27:37", "description": "chromium is vulnerable to privilege escalation. The vulnerability exists due to an unknown function of the component V8. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a privilege escalation vulnerability\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-13T20:01:02", "type": "veracode", "title": "Privilege Escalation", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30551"], "modified": "2021-06-15T06:33:28", "id": "VERACODE:30949", "href": "https://sca.analysiscenter.veracode.com/vulnerability-database/security/1/1/sid-30949/summary", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "thn": [{"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:20", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/--Br-zb7NQb0/YPEUTqMvgsI/AAAAAAAADNw/cesEHjkHFKgyqC_MTP_ji5iUXUCeqoH1QCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/chrome-update.jpg>)\n\nGoogle has pushed out a new security update to Chrome browser for Windows, Mac, and Linux with multiple fixes, including a zero-day that it says is being exploited in the wild.\n\nThe latest patch resolves a total of eight issues, one of which concerns a type confusion issue in its V8 open-source and JavaScript engine ([CVE-2021-30563](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>)). The search giant credited an anonymous researcher for reporting the flaw on July 12.\n\nAs is usually the case with actively exploited flaws, the company issued a terse statement acknowledging that \"an exploit for CVE-2021-30563 exists in the wild\" while refraining from sharing full details about the underlying vulnerability used in the attacks due to its serious nature and the possibility that doing so could lead to further abuse.\n\nCVE-2021-30563 also marks the ninth zero-day addressed by Google to combat real-world attacks against Chrome users since the start of the year \u2014\n\n * [**CVE-2021-21148**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/new-chrome-browser-0-day-under-active.html>) \\- Heap buffer overflow in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-21166**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Object recycle issue in audio\n * [**CVE-2021-21193**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/another-google-chrome-0-day-bug-found.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [**CVE-2021-21206**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [**CVE-2021-21220**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Insufficient validation of untrusted input in V8 for x86_64\n * [**CVE-2021-21224**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/update-your-chrome-browser-immediately.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-30551**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-30554**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-yet.html>) \\- Use-after-free in WebGL\n\nChrome users are advised to update to the latest version (91.0.4472.164) by heading to Settings &gt; Help &gt; 'About Google Chrome' to mitigate the risk associated with the flaw.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-16T05:08:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Update Your Chrome Browser to Patch New Zero\u2011Day Bug Exploited in the Wild", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563"], "modified": "2021-07-16T05:08:47", "id": "THN:C736174C6B0ADC38AA88BC58F30271DA", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-new.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:19", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-FOgCdN3CSOk/YUAgGS1bB1I/AAAAAAAADyc/2oKkq_Mon1AnpsrRVosSNgmXm6ZdbQTXACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/chrome-update.jpg>)\n\nGoogle on Monday released security updates for Chrome web browser to address a total of 11 security issues, two of which it says are actively exploited zero-days in the wild.\n\nTracked as **CVE-2021-30632** and **CVE-2021-30633**, the [vulnerabilities](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) concern an out of bounds write in V8 JavaScript engine and a use after free flaw in Indexed DB API respectively, with the internet giant crediting anonymous researchers for reporting the bugs on September 8.\n\nAs is typically the case, the company said it's \"aware that exploits for CVE-2021-30632 and CVE-2021-30633 exist in the wild\" without sharing additional specifics about how, when, and where the vulnerabilities were exploited, or the threat actors that may be abusing them.\n\nWith these two security shortcomings, Google has addressed a total of 11 zero-day vulnerabilities in Chrome since the start of the year \u2014\n\n * [**CVE-2021-21148**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/new-chrome-browser-0-day-under-active.html>) \\- Heap buffer overflow in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-21166**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Object recycle issue in audio\n * [**CVE-2021-21193**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/another-google-chrome-0-day-bug-found.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [**CVE-2021-21206**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [**CVE-2021-21220**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Insufficient validation of untrusted input in V8 for x86_64\n * [**CVE-2021-21224**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/update-your-chrome-browser-immediately.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-30551**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-30554**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-yet.html>) \\- Use-after-free in WebGL\n * [**CVE-2021-30563**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-new.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n\nChrome users are advised to update to the latest version (93.0.4577.82) for Windows, Mac, and Linux by heading to Settings &gt; Help &gt; 'About Google Chrome' to mitigate the risk associated with the flaws.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-09-14T04:08:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Update Google Chrome to Patch 2 New Zero-Day Flaws Under Attack", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633"], "modified": "2021-09-19T08:13:46", "id": "THN:1A836FDDE57334BC4DAFA65E6DFA02E4", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:20", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-lnmWNBrSE9k/YPWhrFsftuI/AAAAAAAA4Tc/mV6atejnTU8JKQ98Latgx1poZRDDLxvXgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/cyber.jpg>)\n\nTwo of the zero-day Windows flaws rectified by Microsoft as part of its Patch Tuesday update earlier this week were weaponized by an Israel-based company called Candiru in a series of \"precision attacks\" to hack more than 100 journalists, academics, activists, and political dissidents globally.\n\nThe spyware vendor was also formally identified as the commercial surveillance company that Google's Threat Analysis Group (TAG) revealed as exploiting multiple zero-day vulnerabilities in Chrome browser to target victims located in Armenia, according to a report published by the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab.\n\n\"[Candiru](<https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2019/10/03/meet-candiru-the-super-stealth-cyber-mercenaries-hacking-apple-and-microsoft-pcs-for-profit/>)'s apparent widespread presence, and the use of its surveillance technology against global civil society, is a potent reminder that the mercenary spyware industry contains many players and is prone to widespread abuse,\" Citizen Lab researchers [said](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/07/hooking-candiru-another-mercenary-spyware-vendor-comes-into-focus/>). \"This case demonstrates, yet again, that in the absence of any international safeguards or strong government export controls, spyware vendors will sell to government clients who will routinely abuse their services.\"\n\nFounded in 2014, the private-sector offensive actor (PSOA) \u2014 codenamed \"Sourgum\" by Microsoft \u2014 is said to be the developer of an espionage toolkit dubbed DevilsTongue that's exclusively sold to governments and is capable of infecting and monitoring a broad range of devices across different platforms, including iPhones, Androids, Macs, PCs, and cloud accounts.\n\nCitizen Lab said it was able to recover a copy of Candiru's Windows spyware after obtaining a hard drive from \"a politically active victim in Western Europe,\" which was then reverse engineered to identify two never-before-seen Windows zero-day exploits for vulnerabilities tracked as [CVE-2021-31979 and CVE-2021-33771](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/update-your-windows-pcs-to-patch-117.html>) that were leveraged to install malware on victim boxes.\n\nThe infection chain relied on a mix of browser and Windows exploits, with the former served via single-use URLs sent to targets on messaging applications such as WhatsApp. Microsoft addressed both the privilege escalation flaws, which enable an adversary to escape browser sandboxes and gain kernel code execution, on July 13.\n\nThe intrusions culminated in the deployment of DevilsTongue, a modular C/C++-based backdoor equipped with a number of capabilities, including exfiltrating files, exporting messages saved in the encrypted messaging app Signal, and stealing cookies and passwords from Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Opera browsers.\n\nMicrosoft's analysis of the digital weapon also found that it could abuse the stolen cookies from logged-in email and social media accounts like Facebook, Twitter, Gmail, Yahoo, Mail.ru, Odnoklassniki, and Vkontakte to collect information, read the victim's messages, retrieve photos, and even send messages on their behalf, thus allowing the threat actor to send malicious links directly from a compromised user's computer.\n\nSeparately, the Citizen Lab report also tied the two Google Chrome vulnerabilities disclosed by the search giant on Wednesday \u2014 [CVE-2021-21166 and CVE-2021-30551](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/google-details-ios-chrome-ie-zero-day.html>) \u2014 to the Tel Aviv company, noting overlaps in the websites that were used to distribute the exploits.\n\nFurthermore, 764 domains linked to Candiru's spyware infrastructure were uncovered, with many of the domains masquerading as advocacy organizations such as Amnesty International, the Black Lives Matter movement, as well as media companies, and other civil-society themed entities. Some of the systems under their control were operated from Saudi Arabia, Israel, U.A.E., Hungary, and Indonesia.\n\nOver 100 victims of SOURGUM's malware have been identified to date, with targets located in Palestine, Israel, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, Spain (Catalonia), United Kingdom, Turkey, Armenia, and Singapore. \"These attacks have largely targeted consumer accounts, indicating Sourgum's customers were pursuing particular individuals,\" Microsoft's General Manager of Digital Security Unit, Cristin Goodwin, [said](<https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2021/07/15/cyberweapons-cybersecurity-sourgum-malware/>).\n\nThe latest report arrives as TAG researchers Maddie Stone and Clement Lecigne noted a surge in attackers using more zero-day exploits in their cyber offensives, in part fueled by more commercial vendors selling access to zero-days than in the early 2010s.\n\n\"Private-sector offensive actors are private companies that manufacture and sell cyberweapons in hacking-as-a-service packages, often to government agencies around the world, to hack into their targets' computers, phones, network infrastructure, and other devices,\" Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) [said](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/07/15/protecting-customers-from-a-private-sector-offensive-actor-using-0-day-exploits-and-devilstongue-malware/>) in a technical rundown.\n\n\"With these hacking packages, usually the government agencies choose the targets and run the actual operations themselves. The tools, tactics, and procedures used by these companies only adds to the complexity, scale, and sophistication of attacks,\" MSTIC added.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-16T11:13:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Israeli Firm Helped Governments Target Journalists, Activists with 0-Days and Spyware", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-31979", "CVE-2021-33771"], "modified": "2021-07-19T16:01:00", "id": "THN:CDCF433A7837180E1F294791C672C5BB", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/israeli-firm-helped-governments-target.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:21", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-xmPJ5TMTpac/YO_wfpf1LkI/AAAAAAAADM4/xSKsZYAbLBYJjYvNQilqUM9z0lf0Rx7_gCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/chrome.jpg>)\n\nThreat intelligence researchers from Google on Wednesday [shed more light](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-we-protect-users-0-day-attacks/>) on four in-the-wild zero-days in Chrome, Safari, and Internet Explorer browsers that were exploited by malicious actors in different campaigns since the start of the year.\n\nWhat's more, three of the four zero-days were engineered by commercial providers and sold to and used by government-backed actors, contributing to an uptick in real-world attacks. The list of now-patched vulnerabilities is as follows -\n\n * [**CVE-2021-1879**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/apple-issues-urgent-patch-update-for.html>): Use-After-Free in QuickTimePluginReplacement (Apple WebKit)\n * [**CVE-2021-21166**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>): Chrome Object Lifecycle Issue in Audio\n * [**CVE-2021-30551**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>): Chrome Type Confusion in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-33742**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-windows-computers-to-patch.html>): Internet Explorer out-of-bounds write in MSHTML\n\nBoth Chrome zero-days \u2014 CVE-2021-21166 and CVE-2021-30551 \u2014 are believed to have been used by the same actor, and were delivered as one-time links sent via email to targets located in Armenia, with the links redirecting unsuspecting users to attacker-controlled domains that masqueraded as legitimate websites of interest to the recipients.\n\nThe malicious websites took charge of fingerprinting the devices, including collecting system information about the clients, before delivering a second-stage payload.\n\nWhen Google rolled out a patch for CVE-2021-30551, Shane Huntley, Director of Google's Threat Analysis Group (TAG), revealed that the vulnerability was leveraged by the same actor that abused CVE-2021-33742, an actively exploited remote code execution flaw in Windows MSHTML platform that was addressed by Microsoft as part of its [Patch Tuesday update](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-windows-computers-to-patch.html>) on June 8.\n\nThe two zero-days were provided by a commercial exploit broker to a nation-state adversary, which used them in limited attacks against targets in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, Huntley previously added.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/--ol-CfJ3-bE/YO_tDkpfuNI/AAAAAAAADMw/bonGU0wpX_QzAsMNe5_Eh_0_Nb4OAma_QCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/zero-day.jpg>)\n\nNow according to a technical report published by the team, all the three zero-days were \"developed by the same commercial surveillance company that sold these capabilities to two different government-backed actors,\" adding the Internet Explorer flaw was used in a campaign targeting Armenian users with malicious Office documents that loaded web content within the web browser.\n\nGoogle did not disclose the identities of the exploit broker or the two threat actors that used the vulnerabilities as part of their attacks.\n\n## SolarWinds Hackers Exploited iOS Zero-Day\n\nThe Safari zero-day, in contrast, concerned a WebKit flaw that could enable adversaries to process maliciously crafted web content that may result in universal cross-site scripting attacks. The issue was rectified by Apple on March 26, 2021.\n\nAttacks leveraging CVE-2021-1879, which Google attributed to a \"likely Russian government-backed actor,\" were executed by means of sending malicious links to government officials over LinkedIn that, when clicked from an iOS device, redirected the user to a rogue domain that served the next-stage payloads.\n\nIt's worth noting that the offensive also mirrors a [wave of targeted attacks](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/solarwinds-hackers-target-think-tanks.html>) unleashed by Russian hackers tracked as Nobelium, which was found abusing the vulnerability to strike government agencies, think tanks, consultants, and non-governmental organizations as part of an email phishing campaign.\n\nNobelium, a threat actor linked to the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), is also suspected of orchestrating the [SolarWinds supply chain attack](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/12/us-agencies-and-fireeye-were-hacked.html>) late last year. It's known by other aliases such as APT29, UNC2452 (FireEye), SolarStorm (Unit 42), StellarParticle (Crowdstrike), Dark Halo (Volexity), and Iron Ritual (Secureworks).\n\n\"Halfway into 2021, there have been [33 zero-day exploits](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild/rca.html>) used in attacks that have been publicly disclosed this year \u2014 11 more than the total number from 2020,\" TAG researchers Maddie Stone and Clement Lecigne noted. \"While there is an increase in the number of zero-day exploits being used, we believe greater detection and disclosure efforts are also contributing to the upward trend.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-15T08:25:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Google Details iOS, Chrome, IE Zero-Day Flaws Exploited Recently in the Wild", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1879", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-33742"], "modified": "2021-07-15T12:45:33", "id": "THN:BBBFDA7EEE18F813A5DA572FD390D528", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/google-details-ios-chrome-ie-zero-day.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:16", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-EBTuV2RF5wo/YU6_b4n3Y4I/AAAAAAAAD5w/Rv4cfNWgTzsitUR4O-m9Hoo5Jsb-IyxJACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/chrome-update.jpg>)\n\nGoogle on Friday rolled out an emergency security patch to its Chrome web browser to address a security flaw that's known to have an exploit in the wild.\n\nTracked as [CVE-2021-37973](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_24.html>), the vulnerability has been described as [use after free](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html>) in [Portals API](<https://web.dev/hands-on-portals/>), a web page navigation system that enables a page to show another page as an inset and \"perform a seamless transition to a new state, where the formerly-inset page becomes the top-level document.\"\n\nCl\u00e9ment Lecigne of Google Threat Analysis Group (TAG) has been credited with reporting the flaw. Additional specifics pertaining to the weakness have not been disclosed in light of active exploitation and to allow a majority of the users to apply the patch, but the internet giant said it's \"aware that an exploit for CVE-2021-37973 exists in the wild.\"\n\nThe update arrives a day after Apple moved to close an actively exploited security hole in older versions of iOS and macOS ([CVE-2021-30869](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/urgent-apple-ios-and-macos-updates.html>)), which the TAG noted as being \"used in conjunction with a N-day remote code execution targeting WebKit.\" With the latest fix, Google has addressed a total of [12 zero-day flaws in Chrome](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) since the start of 2021:\n\n * [CVE-2021-21148](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/new-chrome-browser-0-day-under-active.html>) \\- Heap buffer overflow in V8\n * [CVE-2021-21166](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Object recycle issue in audio\n * [CVE-2021-21193](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/another-google-chrome-0-day-bug-found.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [CVE-2021-21206](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [CVE-2021-21220](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Insufficient validation of untrusted input in V8 for x86_64\n * [CVE-2021-21224](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/update-your-chrome-browser-immediately.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30551](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30554](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-yet.html>) \\- Use-after-free in WebGL\n * [CVE-2021-30563](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-new.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30632](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) \\- Out of bounds write in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30633](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Indexed DB API\n\nChrome users are advised to update to the latest version (94.0.4606.61) for Windows, Mac, and Linux by heading to Settings &gt; Help &gt; 'About Google Chrome' to mitigate the risk associated with the flaw.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-09-25T06:39:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Urgent Chrome Update Released to Patch Actively Exploited Zero-Day Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-30869", "CVE-2021-37973"], "modified": "2021-09-27T04:38:24", "id": "THN:6A9CD6F085628D08978727C0FF597535", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/urgent-chrome-update-released-to-patch.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:14", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEggQTDQ-V9WbcSJKwsXKGeYWFxP3jSKikqYhYG8xpFa_NiB7aFJV8tcR11eRFpoq9nIOMlHfbefT2pZC9vdUHCul3SAafHr4t5T-oIIj-H61WEAlv8x9Mfzo1cqzuxor4bqF090P_C7w7fQqzoSFEmUVm1PvbmzU9YENMC2O_ZAEkOC_qbBbzYZdzhA>)\n\nGoogle on Thursday pushed urgent security fixes for its Chrome browser, including a pair of new security weaknesses that the company said are being exploited in the wild, making them the fourth and fifth actively zero-days plugged this month alone.\n\nThe issues, designated as [CVE-2021-37975 and CVE-2021-37976](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_30.html>), are part of a total of four patches, and concern a [use-after-free flaw](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html>) in V8 JavaScript and WebAssembly engine as well as an information leak in core.\n\nAs is usually the case, the tech giant has refrained from sharing any additional details regarding how these zero-day vulnerabilities were used in attacks so as to allow a majority of users to be updated with the patches, but noted that it's aware that \"exploits for CVE-2021-37975 and CVE-2021-37976 exist in the wild.\"\n\nAn anonymous researcher has been credited with reporting CVE-2021-37975. The discovery of CVE-2021-37976, on the other hand, involves Cl\u00e9ment Lecigne from Google Threat Analysis Group, who was also credited with [CVE-2021-37973](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/urgent-chrome-update-released-to-patch.html>), another actively exploited use-after-free vulnerability in Chrome's Portals API that was reported last week, raising the possibility that the two flaws may have been stringed together as part of an exploit chain to execute arbitrary code.\n\nWith the latest update, Google has addressed a record 14 zero-days in the web browser since the start of the year.\n\n * [CVE-2021-21148](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/new-chrome-browser-0-day-under-active.html>) \\- Heap buffer overflow in V8\n * [CVE-2021-21166](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Object recycle issue in audio\n * [CVE-2021-21193](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/another-google-chrome-0-day-bug-found.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [CVE-2021-21206](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [CVE-2021-21220](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Insufficient validation of untrusted input in V8 for x86_64\n * [CVE-2021-21224](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/update-your-chrome-browser-immediately.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30551](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30554](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-yet.html>) \\- Use-after-free in WebGL\n * [CVE-2021-30563](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-new.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30632](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) \\- Out of bounds write in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30633](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Indexed DB API\n * [CVE-2021-37973](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/urgent-chrome-update-released-to-patch.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Portals\n\nChrome users are advised to update to the latest version (94.0.4606.71) for Windows, Mac, and Linux by heading to Settings &gt; Help &gt; 'About Google Chrome' to mitigate any potential risk of active exploitation.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-10-01T03:30:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Update Google Chrome ASAP to Patch 2 New Actively Exploited Zero-Day Flaws", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-37973", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37976"], "modified": "2021-10-05T05:27:09", "id": "THN:50D7C51FE6D69FC5DB5B37402AD0E412", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-asap-to-patch-2.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:09", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgMs77BPvPvj6P-3E7i08R8I_ixvGQZgvS5p1CxbhBqiARNzNLx3R6X1fYdCRjiQmZfLY3-6HUY_hPXAucE_jFVypFTV0HG0XIru72uSOfwfn3mMcLC9j6XyeOCF7We4fYjthQ17-YmGUSvhPWEOlnBXakT_9U8IYdpMKEB6GeCFMJI8ihho5D-6JUO>)\n\nGoogle on Thursday rolled out an emergency update for its Chrome web browser, including fixes for two zero-day vulnerabilities that it says are being actively exploited in the wild.\n\nTracked as **CVE-2021-38000** and **CVE-2021-38003**, the weaknesses relate to insufficient validation of untrusted input in a feature called Intents as well as a case of inappropriate implementation in V8 JavaScript and WebAssembly engine. The internet giant's Threat Analysis Group (TAG) has been credited with discovering and reporting the two flaws on September 15, 2021, and October 26, 2021, respectively.\n\n\"Google is aware that exploits for CVE-2021-38000 and CVE-2021-38003 exist in the wild,\" the company [noted](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_28.html>) in an advisory without delving into technical specifics about how the two vulnerabilities were used in attacks or the threat actors that may have weaponized them.\n\nAlso addressed as part of this stable channel update is a [use-after-free](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html>) vulnerability in the Web Transport component (CVE-2021-38002), which was demonstrated for the first time at the [Tianfu Cup](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/10/windows-10-linux-ios-chrome-and-many.html>) contest held earlier this month in China. With these patches, Google has resolved a record 16 zero-days in the web browser since the start of the year \u2014\n\n * [**CVE-2021-21148**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/new-chrome-browser-0-day-under-active.html>) \\- Heap buffer overflow in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-21166**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Object recycle issue in audio\n * [**CVE-2021-21193**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/another-google-chrome-0-day-bug-found.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [**CVE-2021-21206**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [**CVE-2021-21220**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Insufficient validation of untrusted input in V8 for x86_64\n * [**CVE-2021-21224**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/update-your-chrome-browser-immediately.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-30551**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-30554**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-yet.html>) \\- Use-after-free in WebGL\n * [**CVE-2021-30563**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-new.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-30632**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) \\- Out of bounds write in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-30633**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Indexed DB API\n * [**CVE-2021-37973**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/urgent-chrome-update-released-to-patch.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Portals\n * [**CVE-2021-37975**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-asap-to-patch-2.html>) \\- Use-after-free in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-37976**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-asap-to-patch-2.html>) \\- Information leak in core\n\nChrome users are advised to update to the latest version (95.0.4638.69) for Windows, Mac, and Linux by heading to Settings &gt; Help &gt; 'About Google Chrome' to mitigate any potential risk of active exploitation.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-10-29T04:08:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Google Releases Urgent Chrome Update to Patch 2 Actively Exploited 0-Day Bugs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-37973", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37976", "CVE-2021-38000", "CVE-2021-38002", "CVE-2021-38003"], "modified": "2021-10-29T04:08:52", "id": "THN:B7217784F9D53002315C9C43CCC73766", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/10/google-releases-urgent-chrome-update-to.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:48", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEibt_uA0VwMgumOtohRzrBSD-Inv5dv71ZMU1Hu4XYJFQxp8FVjEZzeLUuvttUyYx1xMxQJ16Nfw5Jdc7mPLfwoGoTeZqrLRMZ005Eu673XGL_uJrq7LDUpWojmmmN1YHSwVQcJQzL28acTco05Z7auS001HlgSR96GjvrE5gDr2M123luTRVFTFcAT>)\n\nGoogle has rolled out fixes for five security vulnerabilities in its Chrome web browser, including one which it says is being exploited in the wild, making it the [17th such weakness](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/10/google-releases-urgent-chrome-update-to.html>) to be disclosed since the start of the year.\n\nTracked as [CVE-2021-4102](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_13.html>), the flaw relates to a [use-after-free bug](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html>) in the V8 JavaScript and WebAssembly engine, which could have severe consequences ranging from corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code. An anonymous researcher has been credited with discovering and reporting the flaw.\n\nAs it stands, it's not known how the weakness is being abused in real-world attacks, but the internet giant issued a terse statement that said, \"it's aware of reports that an exploit for CVE-2021-4102 exists in the wild.\" This is done so in an attempt to ensure that a majority of users are updated with a fix and prevent further exploitation by other threat actors.\n\nCVE-2021-4102 is the second use-after-free vulnerability in V8 the company has remediated in less than three months following reports of active exploitation, with the previous vulnerability [CVE-2021-37975](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-asap-to-patch-2.html>), also reported by an anonymous researcher, plugged in an update it shipped on September 30. It's not immediately clear if the two flaws bear any relation to one another.\n\nWith this latest update, Google has addressed a record 17 zero-days in Chrome this year alone \u2014\n\n * [CVE-2021-21148](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/new-chrome-browser-0-day-under-active.html>) \\- Heap buffer overflow in V8\n * [CVE-2021-21166](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Object recycle issue in audio\n * [CVE-2021-21193](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/another-google-chrome-0-day-bug-found.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [CVE-2021-21206](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [CVE-2021-21220](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Insufficient validation of untrusted input in V8 for x86_64\n * [CVE-2021-21224](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/update-your-chrome-browser-immediately.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30551](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30554](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-yet.html>) \\- Use-after-free in WebGL\n * [CVE-2021-30563](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/update-your-chrome-browser-to-patch-new.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30632](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) \\- Out of bounds write in V8\n * [CVE-2021-30633](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Indexed DB API\n * [CVE-2021-37973](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/urgent-chrome-update-released-to-patch.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Portals \n * [CVE-2021-37975](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-asap-to-patch-2.html>) \\- Use-after-free in V8\n * [CVE-2021-37976](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-asap-to-patch-2.html>) \\- Information leak in core\n * [CVE-2021-38000](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/10/google-releases-urgent-chrome-update-to.html>) \\- Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Intents\n * [CVE-2021-38003](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/10/google-releases-urgent-chrome-update-to.html>) \\- Inappropriate implementation in V8\n\nChrome users are recommended to update to the latest version (96.0.4664.110) for Windows, Mac, and Linux by heading to Settings &gt; Help &gt; 'About Google Chrome' to mitigate any potential risk of active exploitation.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-14T04:13:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Update Google Chrome to Patch New Zero-Day Exploit Detected in the Wild", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-37973", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37976", "CVE-2021-38000", "CVE-2021-38003", "CVE-2021-4102"], "modified": "2021-12-14T04:30:59", "id": "THN:4CC79A3CEFEDEB0DC9CF87C5B9035209", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/update-google-chrome-to-patch-new-zero.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:58", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/--v2cn8JGV00/YMGRd9cFvrI/AAAAAAAACz4/i5Stk6m4GEgwbul82T6lZeEbdMMNfofJQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/chrome-zero-day-vulnerability.jpg>)\n\nAttention readers, if you are using Google Chrome browser on your Windows, Mac, or Linux computers, you need to update it immediately to the latest version Google released earlier today.\n\nThe internet services company has rolled out an urgent update to the browser to address 14 newly discovered security issues, including a zero-day flaw that it says is being actively exploited in the wild.\n\nTracked as [CVE-2021-30551](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>), the vulnerability stems from a type confusion issue in its V8 open-source and JavaScript engine. Sergei Glazunov of Google Project Zero has been credited with discovering and reporting the flaw.\n\nAlthough the search giant's Chrome team issued a terse statement acknowledging \"an exploit for CVE-2021-30551 exists in the wild,\" Shane Huntley, Director of Google's Threat Analysis Group, [hinted](<https://twitter.com/ShaneHuntley/status/1402712986289016835>) that the vulnerability was leveraged by the same actor that abused [CVE-2021-33742](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-windows-computers-to-patch.html>), an actively exploited remote code execution flaw in Windows MSHTML platform that was addressed by Microsoft as part of its Patch Tuesday update on June 8.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-XI4fkisfDp0/YMGPq0RtpKI/AAAAAAAACzw/d0mpshr20nw2j--sOXxBrrTJIj2IP95ewCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/chrome-zero-day.jpg>)\n\nThe two zero-days are said to have been provided by a commercial exploit broker to a nation-state actor, which used them in limited attacks against targets in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, Huntley said.\n\nMore technical details about the nature of the attacks are to be released in the coming weeks so as to allow a majority of the users to install the update and prevent other threat actors from creating exploits targeting the flaw.\n\nWith the latest fix, Google has addressed a total of seven zero-days in Chrome since the start of the year \u2014\n\n * [**CVE-2021-21148**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/new-chrome-browser-0-day-under-active.html>) \\- Heap buffer overflow in V8\n * [**CVE-2021-21166**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html>) \\- Object recycle issue in audio\n * [**CVE-2021-21193**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/another-google-chrome-0-day-bug-found.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [**CVE-2021-21206**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Use-after-free in Blink\n * [**CVE-2021-21220**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/2-new-chrome-0-days-under-attack-update.html>) \\- Insufficient validation of untrusted input in V8 for x86_64\n * [**CVE-2021-21224**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/update-your-chrome-browser-immediately.html>) \\- Type confusion in V8\n\nChrome users can update to the latest version (91.0.4472.101) by heading to Settings &gt; Help &gt; About Google Chrome to mitigate the risk associated with the flaw.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-10T04:14:00", "type": "thn", "title": "New Chrome 0-Day Bug Under Active Attacks \u2013 Update Your Browser ASAP!", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-33742"], "modified": "2021-06-10T10:25:50", "id": "THN:7D7C05739ECD847B8CDEEAF930C51BF8", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/new-chrome-0-day-bug-under-active.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "archlinux": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:53", "description": "Arch Linux Security Advisory ASA-202107-1\n=========================================\n\nSeverity: High\nDate : 2021-07-01\nCVE-ID : CVE-2021-30547 CVE-2021-30553 CVE-2021-30554\nPackage : electron12\nType : arbitrary code execution\nRemote : Yes\nLink : https://security.archlinux.org/AVG-2112\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThe package electron12 before version 12.0.13-1 is vulnerable to\narbitrary code execution.\n\nResolution\n==========\n\nUpgrade to 12.0.13-1.\n\n# pacman -Syu \"electron12>=12.0.13-1\"\n\nThe problems have been fixed upstream in version 12.0.13.\n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nNone.\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n- CVE-2021-30547 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nAn out of bounds write security issue has been found in the ANGLE\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30553 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Network service\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30554 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the WebGL component\nof the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114. Google is\naware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30554 exists in the wild.\n\nImpact\n======\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through a crafted web\npage. Google is aware that an exploit for one of the security issues\nexists in the wild.\n\nReferences\n==========\n\nhttps://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v12.0.13\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1210414\nhttps://crbug.com/1209769\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1219857\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30547\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30553\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30554", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "type": "archlinux", "title": "[ASA-202107-1] electron12: arbitrary code execution", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554"], "modified": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "id": "ASA-202107-1", "href": "https://security.archlinux.org/ASA-202107-1", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:53", "description": "Arch Linux Security Advisory ASA-202107-2\n=========================================\n\nSeverity: Critical\nDate : 2021-07-01\nCVE-ID : CVE-2021-30544 CVE-2021-30548 CVE-2021-30551\nPackage : electron11\nType : multiple issues\nRemote : Yes\nLink : https://security.archlinux.org/AVG-2099\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThe package electron11 before version 11.4.9-1 is vulnerable to\nmultiple issues including arbitrary code execution and incorrect\ncalculation.\n\nResolution\n==========\n\nUpgrade to 11.4.9-1.\n\n# pacman -Syu \"electron11>=11.4.9-1\"\n\nThe problems have been fixed upstream in version 11.4.9.\n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nNone.\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n- CVE-2021-30544 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the BFCache component\nof the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30548 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Loader component\nof the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30551 (incorrect calculation)\n\nA type confusion security issue has been found in the V8 component of\nthe Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101. Google is aware that\nan exploit for CVE-2021-30551 exists in the wild.\n\nImpact\n======\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through a crafted web\npage. Google is aware that an exploit for one of the security issues\nexists in the wild.\n\nReferences\n==========\n\nhttps://www.electronjs.org/releases/stable?version=11#11.4.9\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1212618\nhttps://crbug.com/1210487\nhttps://crbug.com/1216437\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30544\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30548\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30551", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "type": "archlinux", "title": "[ASA-202107-2] electron11: multiple issues", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30551"], "modified": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "id": "ASA-202107-2", "href": "https://security.archlinux.org/ASA-202107-2", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:53", "description": "Arch Linux Security Advisory ASA-202106-46\n==========================================\n\nSeverity: High\nDate : 2021-06-22\nCVE-ID : CVE-2021-30554 CVE-2021-30555 CVE-2021-30556 CVE-2021-30557\nPackage : chromium\nType : arbitrary code execution\nRemote : Yes\nLink : https://security.archlinux.org/AVG-2081\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThe package chromium before version 91.0.4472.114-1 is vulnerable to\narbitrary code execution.\n\nResolution\n==========\n\nUpgrade to 91.0.4472.114-1.\n\n# pacman -Syu \"chromium>=91.0.4472.114-1\"\n\nThe problems have been fixed upstream in version 91.0.4472.114.\n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nNone.\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n- CVE-2021-30554 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the WebGL component\nof the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114. Google is\naware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30554 exists in the wild.\n\n- CVE-2021-30555 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Sharing component\nof the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\n- CVE-2021-30556 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the WebAudio\ncomponent of the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\n- CVE-2021-30557 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the TabGroups\ncomponent of the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\nImpact\n======\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through a crafted web\npage. Google is aware that an exploit for one of the security issues\nexists in the wild.\n\nReferences\n==========\n\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1219857\nhttps://crbug.com/1215029\nhttps://crbug.com/1212599\nhttps://crbug.com/1202102\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30554\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30555\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30556\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30557", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "type": "archlinux", "title": "[ASA-202106-46] chromium: arbitrary code execution", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "id": "ASA-202106-46", "href": "https://security.archlinux.org/ASA-202106-46", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:53", "description": "Arch Linux Security Advisory ASA-202106-47\n==========================================\n\nSeverity: High\nDate : 2021-06-22\nCVE-ID : CVE-2021-30554 CVE-2021-30555 CVE-2021-30556 CVE-2021-30557\nPackage : vivaldi\nType : arbitrary code execution\nRemote : Yes\nLink : https://security.archlinux.org/AVG-2082\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThe package vivaldi before version 4.0.2312.33-1 is vulnerable to\narbitrary code execution.\n\nResolution\n==========\n\nUpgrade to 4.0.2312.33-1.\n\n# pacman -Syu \"vivaldi>=4.0.2312.33-1\"\n\nThe problems have been fixed upstream in version 4.0.2312.33.\n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nNone.\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n- CVE-2021-30554 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the WebGL component\nof the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114. Google is\naware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30554 exists in the wild.\n\n- CVE-2021-30555 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Sharing component\nof the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\n- CVE-2021-30556 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the WebAudio\ncomponent of the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\n- CVE-2021-30557 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the TabGroups\ncomponent of the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\nImpact\n======\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through a crafted web\npage. Google is aware that an exploit for one of the security issues\nexists in the wild.\n\nReferences\n==========\n\nhttps://vivaldi.com/blog/desktop/minor-update-for-vivaldi-desktop-browser-4-0/\nhttps://vivaldi.com/blog/desktop/minor-update-3-for-vivaldi-desktop-browser-4-0/\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1219857\nhttps://crbug.com/1215029\nhttps://crbug.com/1212599\nhttps://crbug.com/1202102\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30554\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30555\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30556\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30557", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "type": "archlinux", "title": "[ASA-202106-47] vivaldi: arbitrary code execution", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "id": "ASA-202106-47", "href": "https://security.archlinux.org/ASA-202106-47", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:53", "description": "Arch Linux Security Advisory ASA-202107-4\n=========================================\n\nSeverity: High\nDate : 2021-07-01\nCVE-ID : CVE-2021-30554 CVE-2021-30555 CVE-2021-30556 CVE-2021-30557\nPackage : opera\nType : arbitrary code execution\nRemote : Yes\nLink : https://security.archlinux.org/AVG-2083\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThe package opera before version 77.0.4054.146-1 is vulnerable to\narbitrary code execution.\n\nResolution\n==========\n\nUpgrade to 77.0.4054.146-1.\n\n# pacman -Syu \"opera>=77.0.4054.146-1\"\n\nThe problems have been fixed upstream in version 77.0.4054.146.\n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nNone.\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n- CVE-2021-30554 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the WebGL component\nof the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114. Google is\naware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30554 exists in the wild.\n\n- CVE-2021-30555 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Sharing component\nof the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\n- CVE-2021-30556 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the WebAudio\ncomponent of the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\n- CVE-2021-30557 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the TabGroups\ncomponent of the Chromium browser engine before version 91.0.4472.114.\n\nImpact\n======\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through a crafted web\npage. Google is aware that an exploit for one of the security issues\nexists in the wild.\n\nReferences\n==========\n\nhttps://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-77/\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1219857\nhttps://crbug.com/1215029\nhttps://crbug.com/1212599\nhttps://crbug.com/1202102\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30554\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30555\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30556\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30557", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "type": "archlinux", "title": "[ASA-202107-4] opera: arbitrary code execution", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "id": "ASA-202107-4", "href": "https://security.archlinux.org/ASA-202107-4", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:53", "description": "Arch Linux Security Advisory ASA-202106-45\n==========================================\n\nSeverity: Critical\nDate : 2021-06-22\nCVE-ID : CVE-2021-30544 CVE-2021-30545 CVE-2021-30546 CVE-2021-30547\nCVE-2021-30548 CVE-2021-30549 CVE-2021-30550 CVE-2021-30551\nCVE-2021-30552 CVE-2021-30553\nPackage : opera\nType : multiple issues\nRemote : Yes\nLink : https://security.archlinux.org/AVG-2059\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThe package opera before version 77.0.4054.90-1 is vulnerable to\nmultiple issues including arbitrary code execution and incorrect\ncalculation.\n\nResolution\n==========\n\nUpgrade to 77.0.4054.90-1.\n\n# pacman -Syu \"opera>=77.0.4054.90-1\"\n\nThe problems have been fixed upstream in version 77.0.4054.90.\n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nNone.\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n- CVE-2021-30544 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the BFCache component\nof the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30545 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Extensions\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30546 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Autofill\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30547 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nAn out of bounds write security issue has been found in the ANGLE\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30548 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Loader component\nof the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30549 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Spell check\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30550 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Accessibility\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30551 (incorrect calculation)\n\nA type confusion security issue has been found in the V8 component of\nthe Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101. Google is aware that\nan exploit for CVE-2021-30551 exists in the wild.\n\n- CVE-2021-30552 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Extensions\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30553 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Network service\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\nImpact\n======\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through a crafted web\npage or extension. Google is aware that an exploit for one of the\nsecurity issues exists in the wild.\n\nReferences\n==========\n\nhttps://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-77/\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1212618\nhttps://crbug.com/1201031\nhttps://crbug.com/1206911\nhttps://crbug.com/1210414\nhttps://crbug.com/1210487\nhttps://crbug.com/1212498\nhttps://crbug.com/1212500\nhttps://crbug.com/1216437\nhttps://crbug.com/1200679\nhttps://crbug.com/1209769\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30544\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30545\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30546\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30547\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30548\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30549\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30550\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30551\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30552\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30553", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "type": "archlinux", "title": "[ASA-202106-45] opera: multiple issues", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "id": "ASA-202106-45", "href": "https://security.archlinux.org/ASA-202106-45", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:54", "description": "Arch Linux Security Advisory ASA-202106-31\n==========================================\n\nSeverity: Critical\nDate : 2021-06-15\nCVE-ID : CVE-2021-30544 CVE-2021-30545 CVE-2021-30546 CVE-2021-30547\nCVE-2021-30548 CVE-2021-30549 CVE-2021-30550 CVE-2021-30551\nCVE-2021-30552 CVE-2021-30553\nPackage : chromium\nType : multiple issues\nRemote : Yes\nLink : https://security.archlinux.org/AVG-2057\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThe package chromium before version 91.0.4472.101-1 is vulnerable to\nmultiple issues including arbitrary code execution and incorrect\ncalculation.\n\nResolution\n==========\n\nUpgrade to 91.0.4472.101-1.\n\n# pacman -Syu \"chromium>=91.0.4472.101-1\"\n\nThe problems have been fixed upstream in version 91.0.4472.101.\n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nNone.\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n- CVE-2021-30544 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the BFCache component\nof the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30545 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Extensions\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30546 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Autofill\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30547 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nAn out of bounds write security issue has been found in the ANGLE\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30548 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Loader component\nof the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30549 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Spell check\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30550 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Accessibility\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30551 (incorrect calculation)\n\nA type confusion security issue has been found in the V8 component of\nthe Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101. Google is aware that\nan exploit for CVE-2021-30551 exists in the wild.\n\n- CVE-2021-30552 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Extensions\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30553 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Network service\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\nImpact\n======\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through a crafted web\npage or extension. Google is aware that an exploit for one of the\nsecurity issues exists in the wild.\n\nReferences\n==========\n\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1212618\nhttps://crbug.com/1201031\nhttps://crbug.com/1206911\nhttps://crbug.com/1210414\nhttps://crbug.com/1210487\nhttps://crbug.com/1212498\nhttps://crbug.com/1212500\nhttps://crbug.com/1216437\nhttps://crbug.com/1200679\nhttps://crbug.com/1209769\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30544\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30545\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30546\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30547\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30548\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30549\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30550\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30551\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30552\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30553", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-15T00:00:00", "type": "archlinux", "title": "[ASA-202106-31] chromium: multiple issues", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2021-06-15T00:00:00", "id": "ASA-202106-31", "href": "https://security.archlinux.org/ASA-202106-31", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:53", "description": "Arch Linux Security Advisory ASA-202106-32\n==========================================\n\nSeverity: Critical\nDate : 2021-06-15\nCVE-ID : CVE-2021-30544 CVE-2021-30545 CVE-2021-30546 CVE-2021-30547\nCVE-2021-30548 CVE-2021-30549 CVE-2021-30550 CVE-2021-30551\nCVE-2021-30552 CVE-2021-30553\nPackage : vivaldi\nType : multiple issues\nRemote : Yes\nLink : https://security.archlinux.org/AVG-2058\n\nSummary\n=======\n\nThe package vivaldi before version 4.0.2312.25-1 is vulnerable to\nmultiple issues including arbitrary code execution and incorrect\ncalculation.\n\nResolution\n==========\n\nUpgrade to 4.0.2312.25-1.\n\n# pacman -Syu \"vivaldi>=4.0.2312.25-1\"\n\nThe problems have been fixed upstream in version 4.0.2312.25.\n\nWorkaround\n==========\n\nNone.\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n- CVE-2021-30544 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the BFCache component\nof the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30545 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Extensions\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30546 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Autofill\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30547 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nAn out of bounds write security issue has been found in the ANGLE\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30548 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Loader component\nof the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30549 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Spell check\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30550 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Accessibility\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30551 (incorrect calculation)\n\nA type confusion security issue has been found in the V8 component of\nthe Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101. Google is aware that\nan exploit for CVE-2021-30551 exists in the wild.\n\n- CVE-2021-30552 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Extensions\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\n- CVE-2021-30553 (arbitrary code execution)\n\nA use after free security issue has been found in the Network service\ncomponent of the Chromium browser before version 91.0.4472.101.\n\nImpact\n======\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through a crafted web\npage or extension. Google is aware that an exploit for one of the\nsecurity issues exists in the wild.\n\nReferences\n==========\n\nhttps://vivaldi.com/blog/desktop/minor-update-for-vivaldi-desktop-browser-4-0/\nhttps://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html\nhttps://crbug.com/1212618\nhttps://crbug.com/1201031\nhttps://crbug.com/1206911\nhttps://crbug.com/1210414\nhttps://crbug.com/1210487\nhttps://crbug.com/1212498\nhttps://crbug.com/1212500\nhttps://crbug.com/1216437\nhttps://crbug.com/1200679\nhttps://crbug.com/1209769\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30544\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30545\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30546\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30547\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30548\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30549\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30550\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30551\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30552\nhttps://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2021-30553", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-15T00:00:00", "type": "archlinux", "title": "[ASA-202106-32] vivaldi: multiple issues", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2021-06-15T00:00:00", "id": "ASA-202106-32", "href": "https://security.archlinux.org/ASA-202106-32", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "malwarebytes": [{"lastseen": "2021-09-14T18:35:22", "description": "Google _[announced](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>)_ on Monday that it will be issuing patches for 11 high severity vulnerabilities found in Chrome, including two that are currently being exploited in the wild. The patch, which is part of the Stable Channel Update for Chrome 93 (93.0.4577.82), will be released for Windows, Mac, and Linux (if it hasn\u2019t already). Chrome users are expected to see the roll out in the coming days and weeks.\n\nReaders should note that other popular browsers such as Brave and Edge are also Chromium-based and therefore likely to be vulnerable to these flaws too. Keep an eye out for updates.\n\nYou can check what version of Chrome you are running by opening About Google Chrome from the main menu.\n\nThe About Google Chrome screen tells you what version you are running and whether it is up to date\n\n### The vulnerabilities\n\nThe fixes address high severity vulnerabilities reported to Google by independent researchers from as early as August of this year. That said, the company has included names of the researchers who found the flaws in their announcement.\n\nThe two vulnerabilities that are being actively exploited\u2014namely, [CVE-2021-30632](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30632>) and [CVE-2021-30633](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30633>)\u2014were submitted anonymously. The former is an &quot;Out of bounds write&quot; flaw in the V8 JavaScript engine and the latter is a &quot;Use after free&quot; bug in the Indexed DB API.\n\nBecause threat actors are currently exploiting the two aforementioned vulnerabilities, Google provides little to no information on how the attacks against these weaknesses are being carried out, or other precautionary measures users should be looking out for. Per Google:\n\n> Note: Access to bug details and links may be kept restricted until a majority of users are updated with a fix. We will also retain restrictions if the bug exists in a third party library that other projects similarly depend on, but haven\u2019t yet fixed.\n\n### V8, the thorn in Chrome&#x27;s side?\n\nNobody will be surprised to see that one of the in-the-wild exploits affects Chrome&#x27;s V8 engine. \n\nAt the heart of every modern web browser sits a JavaScript interpreter, a component that does much of the heavy lifting for interactive web apps. In Chrome, that interpreter is V8. These components need to accommodate frequent updates and adhere to a bewildering array of web standards, while also being both fast and secure.\n\nChrome&#x27;s [V8](<https://v8.dev/>) JavaScript engine has been a significant source of security problems. So significant in fact, that in August Microsoft\u2014whose Edge browser is based on Chrome\u2014announced an experimental project called [Super Duper Secure Mode](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/reports/2021/08/edges-super-duper-secure-mode-benchmarked-how-much-speed-would-you-trade-for-security/>) that aims to tackle the rash of V8 problems by simply turning an important part of it off.\n\nA little under half of the CVEs issued for V8 relate to its Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler, and more than half of all \u2018in-the-wild\u2019 Chrome exploits abuse JIT bugs. Just-in-time compilation is an important performance feature and turning it off is a direct trade of speed for security. How much? According our quick-and-dirty testing, turning off the JIT compiler makes JavaScript execution twice as slow in Edge.\n\n### 11 zero-days and counting\n\nTo date, the Google Chrome team has patched 11 zero-day vulnerabilities in 2021. Previous patches are from the following vulnerabilities, some of which we have covered here in the Malwarebytes Labs blog:\n\n * [_CVE-2021-21148_](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/02/update-now-chrome-patches-zero-day-that-was-exploited-in-the-wild/>)\n * [_CVE-2021-21166_](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/03/update-now-chrome-fix-patches-in-the-wild-zero-day/>)\n * CVE-2021-21193\n * [_CVE-2021-21206_](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/04/update-now-chrome-needs-patching-against-two-in-the-wild-exploits/>)\n * [_CVE-2021-21220_](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/04/update-now-chrome-needs-patching-against-two-in-the-wild-exploits/>)\n * CVE-2021-21224\n * CVE-2021-30551\n * CVE-2021-30554\n * CVE-2021-30563\n\nWith so much bad PR, you might expect Chrome&#x27;s market share to suffer; yet, it remains by far the most popular browser. Users\u2014and the Google Chrome brand\u2014seem unaffected.\n\nMake sure you update your Chrome or Chromium-based browser once you see the patch available, or better still, make sure your browser is set to [update itself](<https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95414?hl=en-GB&co=GENIE.Platform%3DDesktop#:~:text=Go%20to%20'About%20Google%20Chrome,Chrome%20to%20apply%20the%20update.>).\n\nStay safe!\n\nThe post [Update now! Google Chrome fixes two in-the-wild zero-days](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/patch-now-google-chrome-fixes-two-in-the-wild-zero-days/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T16:28:47", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Update now! Google Chrome fixes two in-the-wild zero-days", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633"], "modified": "2021-09-14T16:28:47", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:390E663F11CA04293C83488A40CB3A8A", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/patch-now-google-chrome-fixes-two-in-the-wild-zero-days/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "chrome": [{"lastseen": "2021-12-30T22:31:16", "description": "The Stable channel has been updated to 91.0.4472.114 for Windows, Mac and Linux which will roll out over the coming days/weeks.\n\nA full list of changes in this build is available in the [log](<https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+log/91.0.4472.106..91.0.4472.114?pretty=fuller&n=10000>). Interested in switching release channels? Find out how [here](<https://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel>). If you find a new issue, please let us know by [filing a bug](<https://crbug.com/>). The [community help forum](<https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/chrome>) is also a great place to reach out for help or learn about common issues.\n\nSecurity Fixes and Rewards\n\nNote: Access to bug details and links may be kept restricted until a majority of users are updated with a fix. We will also retain restrictions if the bug exists in a third party library that other projects similarly depend on, but haven&#x27;t yet fixed.\n\nThis update includes [4](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/list?can=1&q=type%3Abug-security+os%3DAndroid%2Cios%2Clinux%2Cmac%2Cwindows%2Call%2Cchrome+label%3ARelease-2-M91>) security fixes. Below, we highlight fixes that were contributed by external researchers. Please see the [Chrome Security Page](<https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/Home/chromium-security>) for more information.\n\n** \n**\n\n[$TBD][[1219857](<https://crbug.com/1219857>)] High CVE-2021-30554: Use after free in WebGL. Reported by anonymous on 2021-06-15\n\n[$10000][[1215029](<https://crbug.com/1215029>)] High CVE-2021-30555: Use after free in Sharing. Reported by David Erceg on 2021-06-01\n\n[$7500][[1212599](<https://crbug.com/1212599>)] High CVE-2021-30556: Use after free in WebAudio. Reported by Yangkang (@dnpushme) of 360 ATA on 2021-05-24\n\n[$10000][[1202102](<https://crbug.com/1202102>)] High CVE-2021-30557: Use after free in TabGroups. Reported by David Erceg on 2021-04-23\n\nWe would also like to thank all security researchers that worked with us during the development cycle to prevent security bugs from ever reaching the stable channel.\n\nGoogle is aware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30554 exists in the wild.\n\nMany of our security bugs are detected using [AddressSanitizer](<https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/AddressSanitizer>), [MemorySanitizer](<https://code.google.com/p/memory-sanitizer/wiki/MemorySanitizer>), [UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer](<https://www.chromium.org/developers/testing/undefinedbehaviorsanitizer>), [Control Flow Integrity](<https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/developers/testing/control-flow-integrity>), [libFuzzer](<https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/developers/testing/libfuzzer>), or [AFL](<https://github.com/google/afl>).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSrinivas Sista\n\nGoogle Chrome", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-17T00:00:00", "type": "chrome", "title": "Stable Channel Update for Desktop", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-06-17T00:00:00", "id": "GCSA-8794598538337601472", "href": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-30T22:31:16", "description": "The Stable channel has been updated to 91.0.4472.101 for Windows, Mac and Linux which will roll out over the coming days/weeks.\n\n\nA full list of changes in this build is available in the [log](<https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+log/91.0.4472.77..91.0.4472.101?pretty=fuller&n=10000>). Interested in switching release channels? Find out how [here](<https://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel>). If you find a new issue, please let us know by [filing a bug](<https://crbug.com/>). The [community help forum](<https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/chrome>) is also a great place to reach out for help or learn about common issues.\n\n\n\n\nSecurity Fixes and Rewards\n\nNote: Access to bug details and links may be kept restricted until a majority of users are updated with a fix. We will also retain restrictions if the bug exists in a third party library that other projects similarly depend on, but haven&#x27;t yet fixed.\n\n\n\n\nThis update includes [14](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/list?can=1&q=type%3Abug-security+os%3DAndroid%2Cios%2Clinux%2Cmac%2Cwindows%2Call%2Cchrome+label%3ARelease-1-M91>) security fixes. Below, we highlight fixes that were contributed by external researchers. Please see the [Chrome Security Page](<https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/Home/chromium-security>) for more information.\n\n\n\n\n[$25000][[1212618](<https://crbug.com/1212618>)] Critical CVE-2021-30544: Use after free in BFCache. Reported by Rong Jian and Guang Gong of 360 Alpha Lab on 2021-05-24\n\n[$20000][[1201031](<https://crbug.com/1201031>)] High CVE-2021-30545: Use after free in Extensions. Reported by kkwon with everpall and kkomdal on 2021-04-21\n\n[$NA][[1206911](<https://crbug.com/1206911>)] High CVE-2021-30546: Use after free in Autofill. Reported by Abdulrahman Alqabandi, Microsoft Browser Vulnerability Research on 2021-05-08\n\n[$TBD][[1210414](<https://crbug.com/1210414>)] High CVE-2021-30547: Out of bounds write in ANGLE. Reported by Seong-Hwan Park (SeHwa) of SecunologyLab on 2021-05-18\n\n[$TBD][[1210487](<https://crbug.com/1210487>)] High CVE-2021-30548: Use after free in Loader. Reported by Yangkang(@dnpushme) &amp; Wanglu of Qihoo360 Qex Team on 2021-05-18\n\n[$TBD][[1212498](<https://crbug.com/1212498>)] High CVE-2021-30549: Use after free in Spell check. Reported by David Erceg on 2021-05-23\n\n[$TBD][[1212500](<https://crbug.com/1212500>)] High CVE-2021-30550: Use after free in Accessibility. Reported by David Erceg on 2021-05-23\n\n[$NA][[1216437](<https://crbug.com/1216437>)] High CVE-2021-30551: Type Confusion in V8. Reported by Clement Lecigne of Google's Threat Analysis Group and Sergei Glazunov of Google Project Zero on 2021-06-04\n\n[$TBD][[1200679](<https://crbug.com/1200679>)] Medium CVE-2021-30552: Use after free in Extensions. Reported by David Erceg on 2021-04-20\n\n[$TBD][[1209769](<https://crbug.com/1209769>)] Medium CVE-2021-30553: Use after free in Network service. Reported by Anonymous on 2021-05-17\n\n\n\n\nWe would also like to thank all security researchers that worked with us during the development cycle to prevent security bugs from ever reaching the stable channel.\n\n\n\n\nGoogle is aware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30551 exists in the wild. \n\nAs usual, our ongoing internal security work was responsible for a wide range of fixes:\n\n * [[1218029](<https://crbug.com/1218029>)] Various fixes from internal audits, fuzzing and other initiatives\n\n\nMany of our security bugs are detected using [AddressSanitizer](<https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/AddressSanitizer>), [MemorySanitizer](<https://code.google.com/p/memory-sanitizer/wiki/MemorySanitizer>), [UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer](<https://www.chromium.org/developers/testing/undefinedbehaviorsanitizer>), [Control Flow Integrity](<https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/developers/testing/control-flow-integrity>), [libFuzzer](<https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/developers/testing/libfuzzer>), or [AFL](<https://github.com/google/afl>).\n\n\n\n\nPrudhvikumar Bommana\n\nGoogle Chrome", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-09T00:00:00", "type": "chrome", "title": "Stable Channel Update for Desktop", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2021-06-09T00:00:00", "id": "GCSA-6244807684233791030", "href": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "freebsd": [{"lastseen": "2022-01-19T15:51:30", "description": "\n\nChrome Releases reports:\n\nThis release includes 4 security fixes, including:\n\n[1219857] High CVE-2021-30554: Use after free in WebGL. Reported\n\t by anonymous on 2021-06-15\n[1215029] High CVE-2021-30555: Use after free in Sharing.\n\t Reported by David Erceg on 2021-06-01\n[1212599] High CVE-2021-30556: Use after free in WebAudio.\n\t Reported by Yangkang (@dnpushme) of 360 ATA on 2021-05-24\n[1202102] High CVE-2021-30557: Use after free in TabGroups.\n\t Reported by David Erceg on 2021-04-23\n\n\n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-17T00:00:00", "type": "freebsd", "title": "chromium -- multiple vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-06-17T00:00:00", "id": "AFDC7579-D023-11EB-BCAD-3065EC8FD3EC", "href": "https://vuxml.freebsd.org/freebsd/afdc7579-d023-11eb-bcad-3065ec8fd3ec.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-01-19T15:51:30", "description": "\n\nChrome Releases reports:\n\nThis release contains 14 security fixes, including:\n\n[1212618] Critical CVE-2021-30544: Use after free in BFCache.\n\t Reported by Rong Jian and Guang Gong of 360 Alpha Lab on\n\t 2021-05-24\n[1201031] High CVE-2021-30545: Use after free in Extensions.\n\t Reported by kkwon with everpall and kkomdal on 2021-04-21\n[1206911] High CVE-2021-30546: Use after free in Autofill.\n\t Reported by Abdulrahman Alqabandi, Microsoft Browser Vulnerability\n\t Research on 2021-05-08\n[1210414] High CVE-2021-30547: Out of bounds write in ANGLE.\n\t Reported by Seong-Hwan Park (SeHwa) of SecunologyLab on\n\t 2021-05-18\n[1210487] High CVE-2021-30548: Use after free in Loader.\n\t Reported by Yangkang(@dnpushme) & Wanglu of Qihoo360 Qex Team\n\t on 2021-05-18\n[1212498] High CVE-2021-30549: Use after free in Spell check.\n\t Reported by David Erceg on 2021-05-23\n[1212500] High CVE-2021-30550: Use after free in Accessibility.\n\t Reported by David Erceg on 2021-05-23\n[1216437] High CVE-2021-30551: Type Confusion in V8. Reported by\n\t Sergei Glazunov of Google Project Zero on 2021-06-04\n[1200679] Medium CVE-2021-30552: Use after free in Extensions.\n\t Reported by David Erceg on 2021-04-20\n[1209769] Medium CVE-2021-30553: Use after free in Network\n\t service. Reported by Anonymous on 2021-05-17\n\nGoogle is aware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30551 exists in the\n\t wild.\n\n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-10T00:00:00", "type": "freebsd", "title": "chromium -- multiple vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2021-06-10T00:00:00", "id": "20B3AB21-C9DF-11EB-8558-3065EC8FD3EC", "href": "https://vuxml.freebsd.org/freebsd/20b3ab21-c9df-11eb-8558-3065ec8fd3ec.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "suse": [{"lastseen": "2022-11-08T04:09:03", "description": "An update that fixes four vulnerabilities is now available.\n\nDescription:\n\n This update for chromium fixes the following issues:\n\n Chromium 91.0.4472.114 (boo#1187481)\n\n * CVE-2021-30554: Use after free in WebGL\n * CVE-2021-30555: Use after free in Sharing\n * CVE-2021-30556: Use after free in WebAudio\n * CVE-2021-30557: Use after free in TabGroups\n\n Chromium 91.0.4472.106\n\n * Fix use-after-free in SendTabToSelfSubMenuModel\n * Destroy system-token NSSCertDatabase on the IO thread\n\n\nPatch Instructions:\n\n To install this openSUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods\n like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n\n Alternatively you can run the command listed for your product:\n\n - openSUSE Leap 15.2:\n\n zypper in -t patch openSUSE-2021-898=1", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-21T00:00:00", "type": "suse", "title": "Security update for chromium (important)", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-06-21T00:00:00", "id": "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0898-1", "href": "https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/JRQS6E56EGURN6VSX6LRCTP5WHICGNXR/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-04-18T12:40:19", "description": "An update that fixes 14 vulnerabilities is now available.\n\nDescription:\n\n This update for opera fixes the following issues:\n\n Update to version 77.0.4054.146\n\n - CHR-8458 Update chromium on desktop-stable-91-4054 to 91.0.4472.114\n - DNA-92171 Create active linkdiscovery service\n - DNA-92388 Fix and unskip\n WorkspacesEmoji.testChooseEmojiAsWorkspaceIcon when possible\n - DNA-93101 Tabs are being snoozed when tab snoozing is disabled\n - DNA-93386 Update pinboard view when item changes\n - DNA-93448 Make browser ready for Developer release\n - DNA-93491 Fix failing tests after enabling #pinboard flag\n - DNA-93498 Add additional music services\n - DNA-93503 Blank popup on clicking toolbar icon with popup open\n - DNA-93561 Do not allow zoom different from 100% in Pinboard popup\n - DNA-93637 ctrl+9 shortcut is inconsistent with other browsers\n - DNA-93644 Create route for `import open tabs` to `pinboard`\n - DNA-93664 Adapt popup to design\n - DNA-93702 Turn on flags on developer\n - DNA-93737 [Pinboard] Remove Mock API\n - DNA-93745 Unable to open the popup after opening it several times\n - DNA-93776 Popup closes and reopens when clicking the toolbar button\n - DNA-93786 DCHECK after opening popup\n - DNA-93802 Crash at views::Widget::GetNativeView() const\n - DNA-93810 Add pinboard icon to sidebar\n - DNA-93825 Add pinboard to Opera menu\n - DNA-93833 [Player] Implement seeking for new services\n - DNA-93845 Do not log output of snapcraft on console\n - DNA-93864 Create feature flag for start page sync banner\n - DNA-93865 Implement start page banner\n - DNA-93867 Use version from package instead of repository\n - DNA-93878 [Player] Crash when current player service becomes\n unavailable when user location changes\n - DNA-93953 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdSend image to Pinboard\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd has the wrong position in the\n context menu\n - DNA-93987 Disable zooming popup contents like in other popups\n - DNA-93989 Change internal URL to opera://pinboards\n - DNA-93990 Update strings to reflect new standards\n - DNA-93992 Add Pinboards to Opera settings\n - DNA-93993 Pinboard translations from Master\n - DNA-94011 Enable feature flags for Reborn 5 on stable\n - DNA-94019 Add a direct link to settings\n - DNA-94088 Internal pages provoke not saving other pages to the Pinboard\n - DNA-94111 [O77] Sidebar setup does not open\n - DNA-94139 Crash at opera::(anonymous\n namespace)::PinboardPopupWebView::RemovedFromWidget()\n - The update to chromium 91.0.4472.114 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30554, CVE-2021-30555, CVE-2021-30556, CVE-2021-30557,\n CVE-2021-30544, CVE-2021-30545, CVE-2021-30546, CVE-2021-30547,\n CVE-2021-30548, CVE-2021-30549, CVE-2021-30550, CVE-2021-30551,\n CVE-2021-30552, CVE-2021-30553\n\n\nPatch Instructions:\n\n To install this openSUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods\n like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n\n Alternatively you can run the command listed for your product:\n\n - openSUSE Leap 15.2:NonFree:\n\n zypper in -t patch openSUSE-2021-949=1", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "type": "suse", "title": "Security update for opera (important)", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "id": "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0949-1", "href": "https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/Y5YMAC6DXOAQQEUSMY36JS76YC35PAXY/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-04-18T12:40:19", "description": "An update that fixes 14 vulnerabilities is now available.\n\nDescription:\n\n This update for opera fixes the following issues:\n\n Update to version 77.0.4054.146\n\n - CHR-8458 Update chromium on desktop-stable-91-4054 to 91.0.4472.114\n - DNA-92171 Create active linkdiscovery service\n - DNA-92388 Fix and unskip\n WorkspacesEmoji.testChooseEmojiAsWorkspaceIcon when possible\n - DNA-93101 Tabs are being snoozed when tab snoozing is disabled\n - DNA-93386 Update pinboard view when item changes\n - DNA-93448 Make browser ready for Developer release\n - DNA-93491 Fix failing tests after enabling #pinboard flag\n - DNA-93498 Add additional music services\n - DNA-93503 Blank popup on clicking toolbar icon with popup open\n - DNA-93561 Do not allow zoom different from 100% in Pinboard popup\n - DNA-93637 ctrl+9 shortcut is inconsistent with other browsers\n - DNA-93644 Create route for `import open tabs` to `pinboard`\n - DNA-93664 Adapt popup to design\n - DNA-93702 Turn on flags on developer\n - DNA-93737 [Pinboard] Remove Mock API\n - DNA-93745 Unable to open the popup after opening it several times\n - DNA-93776 Popup closes and reopens when clicking the toolbar button\n - DNA-93786 DCHECK after opening popup\n - DNA-93802 Crash at views::Widget::GetNativeView() const\n - DNA-93810 Add pinboard icon to sidebar\n - DNA-93825 Add pinboard to Opera menu\n - DNA-93833 [Player] Implement seeking for new services\n - DNA-93845 Do not log output of snapcraft on console\n - DNA-93864 Create feature flag for start page sync banner\n - DNA-93865 Implement start page banner\n - DNA-93867 Use version from package instead of repository\n - DNA-93878 [Player] Crash when current player service becomes\n unavailable when user location changes\n - DNA-93953 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdSend image to Pinboard\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd has the wrong position in the\n context menu\n - DNA-93987 Disable zooming popup contents like in other popups\n - DNA-93989 Change internal URL to opera://pinboards\n - DNA-93990 Update strings to reflect new standards\n - DNA-93992 Add Pinboards to Opera settings\n - DNA-93993 Pinboard translations from Master\n - DNA-94011 Enable feature flags for Reborn 5 on stable\n - DNA-94019 Add a direct link to settings\n - DNA-94088 Internal pages provoke not saving other pages to the Pinboard\n - DNA-94111 [O77] Sidebar setup does not open\n - DNA-94139 Crash at\n opera::(anonymous namespace)::PinboardPopupWebView::RemovedFromWidget()\n - The update to chromium 91.0.4472.114 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30554, CVE-2021-30555, CVE-2021-30556, CVE-2021-30557\n CVE-2021-30544, CVE-2021-30545, CVE-2021-30546, CVE-2021-30547,\n CVE-2021-30548, CVE-2021-30549, CVE-2021-30550, CVE-2021-30551,\n CVE-2021-30552, CVE-2021-30553\n\n\nPatch Instructions:\n\n To install this openSUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods\n like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n\n Alternatively you can run the command listed for your product:\n\n - openSUSE Leap 15.3:NonFree:\n\n zypper in -t patch openSUSE-2021-948=1", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "type": "suse", "title": "Security update for opera (important)", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-07-01T00:00:00", "id": "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0948-1", "href": "https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/7KHAD4TPDMOCFFISFXM3O4TD6SK6KWAG/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-11-08T04:09:03", "description": "An update that fixes 14 vulnerabilities is now available.\n\nDescription:\n\n This update for chromium fixes the following issues:\n\n Chromium 91.0.4472.114 (boo#1187481)\n\n * CVE-2021-30554: Use after free in WebGL\n * CVE-2021-30555: Use after free in Sharing\n * CVE-2021-30556: Use after free in WebAudio\n * CVE-2021-30557: Use after free in TabGroups\n * CVE-2021-30544: Use after free in BFCache\n * CVE-2021-30545: Use after free in Extensions\n * CVE-2021-30546: Use after free in Autofill\n * CVE-2021-30547: Out of bounds write in ANGLE\n * CVE-2021-30548: Use after free in Loader\n * CVE-2021-30549: Use after free in Spell check\n * CVE-2021-30550: Use after free in Accessibility\n * CVE-2021-30551: Type Confusion in V8\n * CVE-2021-30552: Use after free in Extensions\n * CVE-2021-30553: Use after free in Network service\n * Fix use-after-free in SendTabToSelfSubMenuModel\n * Destroy system-token NSSCertDatabase on the IO thread\n * Various fixes from internal audits, fuzzing and other initiatives\n\n\nPatch Instructions:\n\n To install this openSUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods\n like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n\n Alternatively you can run the command listed for your product:\n\n - openSUSE Backports SLE-15-SP3:\n\n zypper in -t patch openSUSE-2021-938=1", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-28T00:00:00", "type": "suse", "title": "Security update for chromium (important)", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-06-28T00:00:00", "id": "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0938-1", "href": "https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/XFR7LUM6J45XO73B4GQD65J3TG3IDVJX/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-11-08T04:09:03", "description": "An update that fixes 10 vulnerabilities is now available.\n\nDescription:\n\n This update for chromium fixes the following issues:\n\n Chromium 91.0.4472.101 (boo#1187141)\n\n * CVE-2021-30544: Use after free in BFCache\n * CVE-2021-30545: Use after free in Extensions\n * CVE-2021-30546: Use after free in Autofill\n * CVE-2021-30547: Out of bounds write in ANGLE\n * CVE-2021-30548: Use after free in Loader\n * CVE-2021-30549: Use after free in Spell check\n * CVE-2021-30550: Use after free in Accessibility\n * CVE-2021-30551: Type Confusion in V8\n * CVE-2021-30552: Use after free in Extensions\n * CVE-2021-30553: Use after free in Network service\n * Various fixes from internal audits, fuzzing and other initiatives\n\n\nPatch Instructions:\n\n To install this openSUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods\n like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n\n Alternatively you can run the command listed for your product:\n\n - openSUSE Leap 15.2:\n\n zypper in -t patch openSUSE-2021-881=1", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-16T00:00:00", "type": "suse", "title": "Security update for chromium (important)", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2021-06-16T00:00:00", "id": "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0881-1", "href": "https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/JKDHVVJH6V5YXSGWD7GDW62DQXQ22Y5E/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-11-06T17:58:07", "description": "An update that fixes 241 vulnerabilities is now available.\n\nDescription:\n\n This update for opera fixes the following issues:\n\n Update to 85.0.4341.28\n\n - CHR-8816 Update chromium on desktop-stable-99-4341 to 99.0.4844.84\n - DNA-98092 Crash at views::MenuItemView::GetMenuController()\n - DNA-98278 Translations for O85\n - DNA-98320 [Mac] Unable to delete recent search entries\n - DNA-98614 Show recent searches for non-BABE users\n - DNA-98615 Allow removal of recent searches\n - DNA-98616 Add recent searches to \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdold\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd BABE\n - DNA-98617 Make it possible to disable ad-blocker per-country\n - DNA-98651 Remove Instagram and Facebook Messenger in Russia\n - DNA-98653 Add flag #recent-searches\n - DNA-98696 smoketest\n PageInfoHistoryDataSourceTest.FormatTimestampString failing\n - DNA-98703 Port Chromium issue 1309225 to Opera Stable\n\n - The update to chromium 99.0.4844.84 fixes following issues: CVE-2022-1096\n - Changes in 85.0.4341.18\n\n - CHR-8789 Update chromium on desktop-stable-99-4341 to 99.0.4844.51\n - DNA-98059 [Linux] Crash at\n opera::FreedomSettingsImpl::IsBypassForDotlessDomainsEnabled\n - DNA-98349 [Linux] Crash at bluez::BluezDBusManager::Get()\n - DNA-98126 System crash dialog shown on macOS <= 10.15\n - DNA-98331 [Snap] Meme generator cropping / resizing broken\n - DNA-98394 Audio tab indicator set to \"muted\" on videoconferencing sites\n - DNA-98481 Report errors in opauto_collector\n - The update to chromium 99.0.4844.51 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2022-0789, CVE-2022-0790, CVE-2022-0791, CVE-2022-0792,\n CVE-2022-0793, CVE-2022-0794, CVE-2022-0795, CVE-2022-0796,\n CVE-2022-0797, CVE-2022-0798, CVE-2022-0799, CVE-2022-0800,\n CVE-2022-0801, CVE-2022-0802, CVE-2022-0803, CVE-2022-0804,\n CVE-2022-0805, CVE-2022-0806, CVE-2022-0807, CVE-2022-0808, CVE-2022-0809\n\n - Changes in 85.0.4341.13\n\n - DNA-94119 Upgrade curl to 7.81.0\n - DNA-97849 [Mac monterey] System shortcut interfere with Opera\ufffd\ufffd\ufffds\n `ToggleSearchInOpenTabs` shortcut\n - DNA-98204 Automatic popout happens when video is paused\n - DNA-98231 Shortcuts are blocked by displayed tab tooltip when\n triggered quickly after tooltip appears\n - DNA-98321 Add thinlto-cache warnings to suppression list\n - DNA-98395 Promote O85 to stable\n\n - Complete Opera 85.0 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-85/\n\n - Update to 84.0.4316.42\n\n - DNA-94119 Upgrade curl to 7.81.0\n - DNA-98092 Crash at views::MenuItemView::GetMenuController()\n - DNA-98204 Automatic popout happens when video is paused\n - DNA-98231 Shortcuts are blocked by displayed tab tooltip when\n triggered quickly after tooltip appears\n\n - Update to 84.0.4316.31\n - CHR-8772 Update chromium on desktop-stable-98-4316 to 98.0.4758.109\n - DNA-97573 [Win][Lin]\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdClose tab\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd button is not displayed on tabs\n playing media when many tabs are open\n - DNA-97729 cancelling the process uploading custom Wallpaper crashes\n the browser\n - DNA-97871 Google meet tab\ufffd\ufffd\ufffds icons don\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt fit on pinned tab\n - DNA-97872 Tab is being unpinned when video conferencing button is\n clicked\n - DNA-98039 Dark theme top sites have black background\n - DNA-98117 Clicking current tab information should hide tooltip\n\n - Update to 84.0.4316.21\n - CHR-8762 Update chromium on desktop-stable-98-4316 to 98.0.4758.102\n - DNA-97333 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdAdd a site\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd label on start page tile barely visible\n - DNA-97691 Opera 84 translations\n - DNA-97767 Wrong string in FR\n - DNA-97855 Crash at ScopedProfileKeepAlive::~ScopedProfileKeepAlive()\n - DNA-97982 Enable #snap-upstream-implementation on all streams\n - The update to chromium 98.0.4758.102 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2022-0603, CVE-2022-0604, CVE-2022-0605, CVE-2022-0606,\n CVE-2022-0607, CVE-2022-0608, CVE-2022-0609, CVE-2022-0610\n\n - Update to 84.0.4316.14\n - CHR-8753 Update chromium on desktop-stable-98-4316 to 98.0.4758.82\n - DNA-97177 Battery saver \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd the icon looks bad for DPI!=100%\n - DNA-97614 automatic video pop-out for most popular websites\n broadcasting Winter Olympic Games 2022\n - DNA-97804 Promote O84 to stable\n - The update to chromium 98.0.4758.82 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2022-0452, CVE-2022-0453, CVE-2022-0454, CVE-2022-0455,\n CVE-2022-0456, CVE-2022-0457, CVE-2022-0458, CVE-2022-0459,\n CVE-2022-0460, CVE-2022-0461, CVE-2022-0462, CVE-2022-0463,\n CVE-2022-0464, CVE-2022-0465, CVE-2022-0466, CVE-2022-0467,\n CVE-2022-0468, CVE-2022-0469, CVE-2022-0470\n - Complete Opera 84.0 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-84/\n\n - Update to 83.0.4254.54\n - DNA-96581 Fast tab tooltip doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt always show related sites with\n scrollable tab strip\n - DNA-96608 Cannot drag a tab to create a new window\n - DNA-96657 Do not make tab tooltip hoverable if there\ufffd\ufffd\ufffds no list of\n tabs\n - DNA-97291 Crash at\n opera::flow::FlowSessionImpl::RegisterDevice(base::OnceCallback)\n - DNA-97468 Incorrect number of restored tabs when video-popout is\n detached\n - DNA-97476 Add retry to stapling during signing\n - DNA-97609 Failing MetricsReporterTest.TimeSpent* smoketests\n\n - Update to 83.0.4254.27\n - CHR-8737 Update chromium on desktop-stable-97-4254 to 97.0.4692.99\n - DNA-96336 [Mac] Translate new network installer slogan\n - DNA-96678 Add battery level monitoring capability to powerSavePrivate\n - DNA-96939 Crash at\n opera::ExternalVideoService::MarkAsManuallyClosed()\n - DNA-97276 Enable #static-tab-audio-indicator on all streams\n - The update to chromium 97.0.4692.99 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2022-0289, CVE-2022-0290, CVE-2022-0291, CVE-2022-0292,\n CVE-2022-0293, CVE-2022-0294, CVE-2022-0295, CVE-2022-0296,\n CVE-2022-0297, CVE-2022-0298, CVE-2022-0300, CVE-2022-0301,\n CVE-2022-0302, CVE-2022-0304, CVE-2022-0305, CVE-2022-0306,\n CVE-2022-0307, CVE-2022-0308, CVE-2022-0309, CVE-2022-0310, CVE-2022-0311\n\n - Update to 83.0.4254.19\n - DNA-96079 Turn on #automatic-video-popout on developer\n - DNA-97070 Opera 83 translations\n - DNA-97119 [LastCard] Stop showing used burner cards\n - DNA-97131 Enable automatic-video-popout on all streams from O84 on\n - DNA-97257 Crash at views::ImageButton::SetMinimumImageSize(gfx::Size\n const&)\n - DNA-97259 Promote O83 to stable\n - Complete Opera 83.0 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-83/\n - Update to 83.0.4254.16\n - DNA-96968 Fix alignment of the 'Advanced' button in Settings\n - Update to 83.0.4254.14\n - CHR-8701 Update chromium on desktop-stable-97-4254 to 97.0.4692.45\n - CHR-8713 Update chromium on desktop-stable-97-4254 to 97.0.4692.56\n - CHR-8723 Update chromium on desktop-stable-97-4254 to 97.0.4692.71\n - DNA-96780 Crash at\n ui::NativeTheme::RemoveObserver(ui::NativeThemeObserver*)\n - DNA-96822 Tab close resize behavior change\n - DNA-96861 Create Loomi Options menu\n - DNA-96904 Support Win11 snap layout popup\n - DNA-96951 Tab close animation broken\n - DNA-96991 Tab X button doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt work correctly\n - DNA-97027 Incorrect tab size after tab close\n - The update to chromium 97.0.4692.71 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2022-0096, CVE-2022-0097, CVE-2022-0098, CVE-2022-0099,\n CVE-2022-0100, CVE-2022-0101, CVE-2022-0102, CVE-2022-0103,\n CVE-2022-0104, CVE-2022-0105, CVE-2022-0105, CVE-2022-0106,\n CVE-2022-0107, CVE-2022-0108, CVE-2022-0109, CVE-2022-0110,\n CVE-2022-0111, CVE-2022-0111, CVE-2022-0112, CVE-2022-0113,\n CVE-2022-0114, CVE-2022-0115, CVE-2022-0116, CVE-2022-0117,\n CVE-2022-0118, CVE-2022-0120\n\n - Update to version 82.0.4227.58\n - DNA-96780 Crash at\n ui::NativeTheme::RemoveObserver(ui::NativeThemeObserver*)\n - DNA-96890 Settings default browser not working for current user on\n Windows 7\n\n - Update to version 82.0.4227.43\n - CHR-8705 Update chromium on desktop-stable-96-4227 to 96.0.4664.110\n - DNA-93284 Unstable\n obj/opera/desktop/common/installer_rc_generated/installer.res\n - DNA-95908 Interstitial/internal pages shown as NOT SECURE after\n visiting http site\n - DNA-96404 Opera doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt show on main screen when second screen is\n abruptly disconnected\n - The update to chromium 96.0.4664.110 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-4098, CVE-2021-4099, CVE-2021-4100, CVE-2021-4101, CVE-2021-4102\n\n - Update to version 82.0.4227.33\n - CHR-8689 Update chromium on desktop-stable-96-4227 to 96.0.4664.93\n - DNA-96559 Tooltip popup looks bad in dark theme\n - DNA-96570 [Player] Tidal logging in via PLAY doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt work\n - DNA-96594 Unnecessary extra space in fullscreen mode on M1 Pro MacBooks\n - DNA-96649 Update Meme button\n - DNA-96676 Add Icon in the Sidebar Setup\n - DNA-96677 Add default URL\n - The update to chromium 96.0.4664.93 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-4052, CVE-2021-4053, CVE-2021-4079, CVE-2021-4054,\n CVE-2021-4078, CVE-2021-4055, CVE-2021-4056, CVE-2021-4057,\n CVE-2021-4058, CVE-2021-4059, CVE-2021-4061, CVE-2021-4062,\n CVE-2021-4063, CVE-2021-4064, CVE-2021-4065, CVE-2021-4066,\n CVE-2021-4067, CVE-2021-4068\n\n - Update to version 82.0.4227.23\n - DNA-95632 With new au-logic UUID is set with delay and may be not set\n for pb-builds (when closing fast)\n - DNA-96349 Laggy tooltip animation\n - DNA-96483 [Snap][Linux] Video not working / wrong ffmpeg snap version\n for Opera 82\n - DNA-96493 Create 'small' enticement in credit card autofill\n - DNA-96533 Opera 82 translations\n - DNA-96535 Make the URL configurable\n - DNA-96553 Add switch to whitelist test pages\n - DNA-96557 Links not opened from panel\n - DNA-96558 AdBlock bloks some trackers inside the panel\n - DNA-96568 [Player] Tidal in sidebar Player opens wrong site when\n logging in\n - DNA-96659 Siteprefs not applied after network service crash\n - DNA-96593 Promote O82 to stable\n - Complete Opera 82.0 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-82/\n - Update to version 82.0.4227.13\n - CHR-8668 Update chromium on desktop-stable-96-4227 to 96.0.4664.45\n - DNA-76987 [Mac] Update desktop EULA with geolocation split\n - DNA-93388 Problem with symlinks on windows when creating file list\n - DNA-95734 Discarded Recently Closed items get revived after restart\n - DNA-96134 \"Your profile has been updated\" does not disappear\n - DNA-96190 Opera freezes when trying to drag expanded bookmark folder\n with nested subfolders\n - DNA-96223 Easy Files not working in Full Screen\n - DNA-96274 Checkout autofill shouldn't show used burner card\n - DNA-96275 Change the notification message for pausing multi-use cards\n - DNA-96295 \"Video pop out\" setting doesn't sync\n - DNA-96316 Highlight text wrong colour on dark mode\n - DNA-96326 Wrong translation Private Mode > Turkish\n - DNA-96351 macOS window controls are missing in full screen\n - DNA-96440 Update video URL\n - DNA-96448 add option to pin extension via rich hints\n - DNA-96453 Register user-chosen option on client-side, read on hint side\n - DNA-96454 Choosing an option from the settings menu should close the\n popup\n - DNA-96484 Enable AB test for a new autoupdater logic (for 50%)\n - DNA-96500 Add \"don't show me again\" prefs to allowed whitelist\n - DNA-96538 Inline audiocomplete for www.mediaexpert.pl incorrectly\n suggested\n - The update to chromium 96.0.4664.45 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-38005, CVE-2021-38006, CVE-2021-38007, CVE-2021-38008,\n CVE-2021-38009, CVE-2021-38010, CVE-2021-38011, CVE-2021-38012,\n CVE-2021-38013, CVE-2021-38014, CVE-2021-38015, CVE-2021-38016,\n CVE-2021-38017, CVE-2021-38019, CVE-2021-38020, CVE-2021-38021,\n CVE-2021-38022\n\n\n - Update to version 81.0.4196.54\n - CHR-8644 Update chromium on desktop-stable-95-4196 to 95.0.4638.69\n - DNA-95773 ExtensionWebRequestApiTest crashes on mac\n - DNA-96062 Opera 81 translations\n - DNA-96134 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdYour profile has been updated\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd does not disappear\n - DNA-96274 Checkout autofill shouldn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt show used burner card\n - DNA-96275 Change the notification message for pausing multi-use cards\n - DNA-96440 Update video URL\n - The update to chromium 95.0.4638.69 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-37997, CVE-2021-37998, CVE-2021-37999, CVE-2021-37980,\n CVE-2021-38001, CVE-2021-38002, CVE-2021-38003, CVE-2021-38004\n - Update to version 81.0.4196.37\n - DNA-96008 Crash at\n content::WebContentsImpl::OpenURL(content::OpenURLParams const&)\n - DNA-96032 Closing the videoconference pop-up force leaving the meeting\n - DNA-96092 Crash at void\n opera::ModalDialogViews::OnWidgetClosing(opera::ModalDialog::Result)\n - DNA-96142 [Yat] Emoji icon cut off in URL for Yat\n\n - Update to version 81.0.4196.31\n - DNA-95733 Implement the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdManage\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd menu in card details view\n - DNA-95736 Update UI for paused card\n - DNA-95791 Crash at base::operator<\n - DNA-95794 Sometimes the sidebar UI fails to load\n - DNA-95812 Retrieve cards info when showing autofill\n - DNA-96035 Cannot create virtual card on Sandbox environment\n - DNA-96147 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdBuy\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd button does not work\n - DNA-96168 Update contributors list\n - DNA-96211 Enable #fast-tab-tooltip on all streams\n - DNA-96231 Promote O81 to stable\n - Complete Opera 80.1 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-81/\n - Update to version 81.0.4196.27\n - CHR-8623 Update chromium on desktop-stable-95-4196 to 95.0.4638.54\n - DNA-92384 Better segmenting of hint users\n - DNA-95523 Allow sorting in multi-card view\n - DNA-95659 Flow of Lastcard on first login\n - DNA-95735 Implement the button that reveals full card details\n - DNA-95747 Better way to handle expired funding card\n - DNA-95949 [Mac Retina] Clicking active tab should scroll to the top\n - DNA-95993 Update icon used for Yat in address bar dropdown\n - DNA-96021 Cleared download item view is never deleted\n - DNA-96036 Occupation field in 'Account \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Edit' is shown twice\n - DNA-96127 Upgrade plan button does nothing\n - DNA-96138 \"Add Card\" button does not change to \"Upgrade Plan\" after\n adding card\n - The update to chromium 95.0.4638.54 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-37981, CVE-2021-37982, CVE-2021-37983, CVE-2021-37984,\n CVE-2021-37985, CVE-2021-37986, CVE-2021-37987, CVE-2021-37988,\n CVE-2021-37989, CVE-2021-37990, CVE-2021-37991, CVE-2021-37992,\n CVE-2021-37993, CVE-2021-37994, CVE-2021-37995, CVE-2021-37996\n\n - Update to version 80.0.4170.72\n - DNA-95522 Change card view to show all types of cards\n - DNA-95523 Allow sorting in multi-card view\n - DNA-95524 Allow searching for cards by name\n - DNA-95658 Allow user to add a card\n - DNA-95659 Flow of Lastcard on first login\n - DNA-95660 Implement editing card details\n - DNA-95699 Add card details view\n - DNA-95733 Implement the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdManage\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd menu in card details view\n - DNA-95735 Implement the button that reveals full card details\n - DNA-95736 Update UI for paused card\n - DNA-95747 Better way to handle expired funding card\n - DNA-95794 Sometimes the sidebar UI fails to load\n - DNA-95812 Retrieve cards info when showing autofill\n - DNA-96036 Occupation field in \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdAccount \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Edit\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd is shown twice\n - DNA-96127 Upgrade plan button does nothing\n - DNA-96138 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdAdd Card\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd button does not change to \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdUpgrade Plan\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n after adding card\n\n - Update to version 80.0.4170.63\n - CHR-8612 Update chromium on desktop-stable-94-4170 to 94.0.4606.81\n - DNA-95434 Crash at opera::ThemesService::UpdateCurrentTheme()\n - The update to chromium 94.0.4606.81 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-37977, CVE-2021-37978, CVE-2021-37979, CVE-2021-37980\n\n - Update to version 80.0.4170.40\n - CHR-8598 Update chromium on desktop-stable-94-4170 to 94.0.4606.71\n - DNA-95221 Emoji button stuck in address bar\n - DNA-95325 Make y.at navigations to be reported with page_views events\n - DNA-95327 Add \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdEmojis\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd context menu option in address bar field\n - DNA-95339 Add YAT emoji url suggestion to search\ufffd\ufffd dialog\n - DNA-95416 Remove emoji button from address bar\n - DNA-95439 Enable #yat-emoji-addresses on developer stream\n - DNA-95441 [Mac big sur] Emoji are not shown in address bar url\n - DNA-95514 Crash at resource_coordinator::TabLifecycleUnitSource\n ::TabLifecycleUnit::OnLifecycleUnitStateChanged(mojom::\n LifecycleUnitState, mojom::LifecycleUnitStateChangeReason)\n - DNA-95746 Enable #reader-mode everywhere\n - DNA-95865 Numbers are recognized as emojis\n - DNA-95866 Change Yat text in selection popup\n - DNA-95867 Show that buttons are clickable in selection popup\n - The update to chromium 94.0.4606.71 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-37974, CVE-2021-37975, CVE-2021-37976\n\n - Update to version 80.0.4170.16\n - CHR-8590 Update chromium on desktop-stable-94-4170 to 94.0.4606.61\n - DNA-95347 Make InstallerStep::Run async\n - DNA-95420 First suggestion in address field is often not highlighted\n - DNA-95613 Browser closing itself after closing SD/first tab and last\n opened tab\n - DNA-95725 Promote O80 to stable\n - DNA-95781 Import fixes for CVE-2021-37975, CVE-2021-37976 and\n CVE-2021-37974 to desktop-stable-94-4170\n - Complete Opera 80.0 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-80/\n - Drop Provides/Obsoletes for opera-gtk and opera-kde4\n opera-gtk and opera-kde4 were last used in openSUSE 13.1\n - Drop post/postun for desktop_database_post and icon_theme_cache_post\n because were last used before\n openSUSE 15.0\n\n - Update to version 79.0.4143.72\n - DNA-94933 Add emoji panel to address bar\n - DNA-95210 Add emoji YAT address bar suggestions\n - DNA-95221 Emoji button stuck in address bar\n - DNA-95325 Make y.at navigations to be reported with page_views events\n - DNA-95327 Add \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdEmojis\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd context menu option in address bar field\n - DNA-95339 Add YAT emoji url suggestion to search\ufffd\ufffd dialog\n - DNA-95364 Add browser feature flag\n - DNA-95416 Remove emoji button from address bar\n - DNA-95439 Enable #yat-emoji-addresses on developer stream\n - DNA-95441 [Mac big sur] Emoji are not shown in address bar url\n - DNA-95445 Crash when removing unsynced pinboard bookmark with sync\n enabled\n - DNA-95512 Allow to show title and timer for simple banners\n - DNA-95516 Wrong label in settings for themes\n - DNA-95679 Temporarily disable AB test for a new autoupdater logic\n\n - Update to version 79.0.4143.50\n - CHR-8571 Update chromium on desktop-stable-93-4143 to 93.0.4577.82\n - DNA-94104 ContinueShoppingOnEbayBrowserTest.ShouldDisplayOffers\n TilesStartingWithMostActiveOnes fails\n - DNA-94894 [Rich Hint] Agent API permissions\n - DNA-94989 Wrong color and appearance of subpages in the settings\n - DNA-95241 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdSwitch to tab\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd button is visible only on hover\n - DNA-95286 Add unit tests to pinboard sync related logic in browser\n - DNA-95372 [Mac retina screen] Snapshot doesnt capture cropped area\n - DNA-95526 Some webstore extensions are not verified properly\n - The update to chromium 93.0.4577.82 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30625, CVE-2021-30626, CVE-2021-30627, CVE-2021-30628,\n CVE-2021-30629, CVE-2021-30630, CVE-2021-30631, CVE-2021-30632,\n CVE-2021-30633\n\n - Update to version 79.0.4143.22\n - CHR-8550 Update chromium on desktop-stable-93-4143 to 93.0.4577.58\n - CHR-8557 Update chromium on desktop-stable-93-4143 to 93.0.4577.63\n - DNA-94641 [Linux] Proprietary media codecs not working in snap builds\n - DNA-95076 [Linux] Page crash with media content\n - DNA-95084 [Mac] Cannot quit through menu with snapshot editor open\n - DNA-95138 Add setting to synchronize Pinboards\n - DNA-95157 Crash at -[OperaCrApplication sendEvent:]\n - DNA-95204 Opera 79 translations\n - DNA-95240 The pinboard thumbnail cannot be generated anymore\n - DNA-95278 Existing Pinboards might be missing\n - DNA-95292 Enable #bookmarks-trash-cleaner on all streams\n - DNA-95293 Enable #easy-files-downloads-folder on all streams\n - DNA-95383 Promote O79 to stable\n - Complete Opera 79.0 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-79/\n - The update to chromium 93.0.4577.58 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30606, CVE-2021-30607, CVE-2021-30608, CVE-2021-30609,\n CVE-2021-30610, CVE-2021-30611, CVE-2021-30612, CVE-2021-30613,\n CVE-2021-30614, CVE-2021-30615, CVE-2021-30616, CVE-2021-30617,\n CVE-2021-30618, CVE-2021-30619, CVE-2021-30620, CVE-2021-30621,\n CVE-2021-30622, CVE-2021-30623, CVE-2021-30624\n\n - Update to version 78.0.4093.184\n - CHR-8533 Update chromium on desktop-stable-92-4093 to 92.0.4515.159\n - DNA-93472 Reattaching to other browsers\n - DNA-93741 Multiple hint slots\n - DNA-93742 Allow displaying unobtrusive external hints\n - DNA-93744 Add slots in toolbar action view\n - DNA-94230 Improve text contrast for Speed Dials\n - DNA-94724 [Mac] Add macOS dark theme wallpaper with easy setup\n - DNA-94786 Crash at base::SupportsUserData:: SetUserData(void const*,\n std::__1::unique_ptr)\n - DNA-94807 Allow scripts access opera version and product info\n - DNA-94862 Continue on shopping Amazon doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt work correct\n - DNA-94870 Add an addonsPrivate function to install with permissions\n dialog first\n - DNA-95064 Revert DNA-93714 on stable\n - The update to chromium 92.0.4515.159 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30598, CVE-2021-30599, CVE-2021-30600, CVE-2021-30601,\n CVE-2021-30602, CVE-2021-30603, CVE-2021-30604\n\n\n - Update to version 78.0.4093.147\n - CHR-8251 Update chromium on desktop-stable-92-4093 to 92.0.4515.131\n - DNA-93036 Opera not starting after closing window. Processes still\n working.\n - DNA-94516 Add \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdDetach tab\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd entry to tab menu\n - DNA-94584 [Mac] Sidebar setup not closed after press \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdAdd\n extensions\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd button\n - DNA-94761 Crash when trying to record \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdChrome developer\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd trace\n - DNA-94790 Crash at opera::VideoConferenceTabDetachController::\n OnBrowserAboutToStartClosing(Browser*)\n - The update to chromium 92.0.4515.131 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30590, CVE-2021-30591, CVE-2021-30592, CVE-2021-30593,\n CVE-2021-30594, CVE-2021-30596, CVE-2021-30597\n\n - Update to version 78.0.4093.112\n - DNA-94466 Implement sorting Pinboards in overview\n - DNA-94582 Add access to APIs for showing pinboard icon in sidebar\n - DNA-94603 Suspicious pinboards events\n - DNA-94625 Disable opr.pinboardPrivate.getThumbnail() for local files\n - DNA-94640 Promote O78 to stable\n - DNA-94661 Missing translations for some languages\n - Complete Opera 78.0 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-78/\n\n - Update to version 77.0.4054.277\n - CHR-8502 Update chromium on desktop-stable-91-4054 to 91.0.4472.164\n - DNA-94291 Video conference popout doesnt remember its size after\n resizing\n - DNA-94399 Incorrect icon for wp.pl in address bar dropdown\n - DNA-94462 Low quality of default wallpaper on windows\n - The update to chromium 91.0.4472.164 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30541, CVE-2021-30560, CVE-2021-30561, CVE-2021-30562,\n CVE-2021-30563, CVE-2021-30564\n\n - Update to version 77.0.4054.254\n - DNA-92344 Windows 10 Implementation\n - DNA-92486 Replace \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd icon with \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdsettings\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd icon\n - DNA-92487 Close individual item\n - DNA-92496 Create separate entry in settings for BABE\n - DNA-93275 Implement cycles size according to design\n - DNA-93280 The system theme has only half a checkmark\n - DNA-93728 Whatsapp notification is not refreshed\n - DNA-94047 Remove pinboard WebUI integration\n - DNA-94118 Write test for ThumbnailTabHelper changes in DNA-94100\n - DNA-94120 Fix Welcome popup layout\n - DNA-94140 Crash at base::TaskRunner ::PostTask(base::Location const&,\n base::OnceCallback)\n - DNA-94205 Consider setting pinboard display URL in\n address_field_helper.cc\n - DNA-94211 Easy Files don\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt show thumbnails\n - DNA-94309 Pinboards URLs don\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt get lighter color treatment\n - DNA-94318 Wrong \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdTransparency\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd word translation in Swedish\n - DNA-94321 AB test: google suggestions on top \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd bigger test\n - DNA-94341 Make pinboard popup testable on web page\n - DNA-94381 Disabling Pinboards doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt remove item from menu / sidebar\n - DNA-94392 Add u2f-devices interface to snap packages\n - DNA-94461 Enable #system-theme on all streams\n\n - Update to version 77.0.4054.203\n - CHR-8475 Update chromium on desktop-stable-91-4054 to 91.0.4472.124\n - DNA-93523 Crash at extensions::TabHelper::WebContentsDestroyed()\n - DNA-93917 Upload snap to edge while preparing repository package\n - DNA-94157 Crash at gfx::ICCProfile::operator=(gfx::ICCProfile const&)\n - DNA-94159 Crash at\n opera::auth::AuthAccountServiceImpl::GetAuthAccount()\n - DNA-94161 [Add tabs]Unexpected symbols instead of Workspace name\n - DNA-94241 Implement better process killing for timeout\n - DNA-94248 Allow retry on tests that timed-out\n - DNA-94251 heap-use-after-free in VideoConference\n - DNA-94315 Crash at class std::__1::basic_string ui::ResourceBundle::\n LoadLocaleResources(const class std::__1::basic_string& const, bool)\n - DNA-94357 Fix issue in scripts\n\n - Update to version 77.0.4054.172\n - DNA-93078 Do not display \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdshare tab\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd sliding toolbar on detached\n tab\n - DNA-93358 The red underline extends beyond the Google meets conference\n tab outline\n - DNA-93404 Crash in test when destroying BABE\ufffd\ufffd\ufffds webcontents\n - DNA-93637 ctrl+9 shortcut is inconsistent with other browsers\n - DNA-93661 Add opauto test to cover new shortcut from DNA-93637\n - DNA-93867 Use version from package instead of repository\n - DNA-93993 Pinboard translations from Master\n - DNA-94099 Increase new-autoupdater-logic AB test to cover 50% of new\n installations\n - DNA-94100 Thumbnail doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt update\n - DNA-94178 Automatic popout should not happen after manually closing a\n popout\n\n - Update to version 77.0.4054.146\n - CHR-8458 Update chromium on desktop-stable-91-4054 to 91.0.4472.114\n - DNA-92171 Create active linkdiscovery service\n - DNA-92388 Fix and unskip\n WorkspacesEmoji.testChooseEmojiAsWorkspaceIcon when possible\n - DNA-93101 Tabs are being snoozed when tab snoozing is disabled\n - DNA-93386 Update pinboard view when item changes\n - DNA-93448 Make browser ready for Developer release\n - DNA-93491 Fix failing tests after enabling #pinboard flag\n - DNA-93498 Add additional music services\n - DNA-93503 Blank popup on clicking toolbar icon with popup open\n - DNA-93561 Do not allow zoom different from 100% in Pinboard popup\n - DNA-93637 ctrl+9 shortcut is inconsistent with other browsers\n - DNA-93644 Create route for `import open tabs` to `pinboard`\n - DNA-93664 Adapt popup to design\n - DNA-93702 Turn on flags on developer\n - DNA-93737 [Pinboard] Remove Mock API\n - DNA-93745 Unable to open the popup after opening it several times\n - DNA-93776 Popup closes and reopens when clicking the toolbar button\n - DNA-93786 DCHECK after opening popup\n - DNA-93802 Crash at views::Widget::GetNativeView() const\n - DNA-93810 Add pinboard icon to sidebar\n - DNA-93825 Add pinboard to Opera menu\n - DNA-93833 [Player] Implement seeking for new services\n - DNA-93845 Do not log output of snapcraft on console\n - DNA-93864 Create feature flag for start page sync banner\n - DNA-93865 Implement start page banner\n - DNA-93867 Use version from package instead of repository\n - DNA-93878 [Player] Crash when current player service becomes\n unavailable when user location changes\n - DNA-93953 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdSend image to Pinboard\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd has the wrong position in the\n context menu\n - DNA-93987 Disable zooming popup contents like in other popups\n - DNA-93989 Change internal URL to opera://pinboards\n - DNA-93990 Update strings to reflect new standards\n - DNA-93992 Add Pinboards to Opera settings\n - DNA-93993 Pinboard translations from Master\n - DNA-94011 Enable feature flags for Reborn 5 on stable\n - DNA-94019 Add a direct link to settings\n - DNA-94088 Internal pages provoke not saving other pages to the Pinboard\n - DNA-94111 [O77] Sidebar setup does not open\n - DNA-94139 Crash at\n opera::(anonymous namespace)::PinboardPopupWebView::RemovedFromWidget()\n - The update to chromium 91.0.4472.114 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30554, CVE-2021-30555, CVE-2021-30556, CVE-2021-30557\n\n - Update to version 77.0.4054.90\n - CHR-8446 Update chromium on desktop-stable-91-4054 to 91.0.4472.101\n - The update to chromium 91.0.4472.101 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30544, CVE-2021-30545, CVE-2021-30546, CVE-2021-30547,\n CVE-2021-30548, CVE-2021-30549, CVE-2021-30550, CVE-2021-30551,\n CVE-2021-30552, CVE-2021-30553\n - Update to version 77.0.4054.80\n - DNA-93656 Active cards in checkout Auto-fill\n - DNA-93805 Create snap packages in buildsign\n - DNA-93823 archive_opera_snap failures on Linux\n - DNA-93844 Fix AttributeError in package_type.py\n\n\n - Update to version 77.0.4054.64\n - DNA-93159 Implement image(preview) of each created pinboard\n - DNA-93273 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdSend image to Pinboard\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt work correct on\n staging server\n - DNA-93277 Add/update opauto tests for the System Theme WP1\n implementation p.1\n - DNA-93286 [BigSur] YT not being reloaded when opened from link\n - DNA-93296 Opera 77 translations\n - DNA-93372 Build new edition for Axel Springer\n - DNA-93376 Write unittests for PinboardImageCollector\n - DNA-93401 [LastCard] Do not change user state if not needed\n - DNA-93409 Animation with hat and glasses is missing in Private mode\n - DNA-93443 API opr.pinboardPrivate.getThumbnail() returns\n old thumbnail image\n - DNA-93509 Add Opera switch for pinboard staging backend and use it for\n tests\n - DNA-93519 [Sidebar] WhatsApp \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdLog out\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt work\n - DNA-93634 Fix errors in Slovak translations\n - DNA-93724 Some webstore extensions are not verified properly\n - Complete Opera 77.0 changelog at:\n https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-77/\n\n - Update to version 76.0.4017.177\n - DNA-92597 Sound controller doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt work after pressing \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdNext\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n button\n - DNA-93405 Import vmp_signer instead of starting new python process\n - DNA-93406 [Mac] Import plist_util instead of calling script in\n _generateAppEntitlements\n - DNA-93442 Make GX Control panel attachable by webdriver\n - DNA-93554 [AdBlock] Find a fix for blocking \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdnew\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd YouTube ads\n - DNA-93587 Pre-refactor solution\n\n - Update to version 76.0.4017.154\n - CHR-8420 Update chromium on desktop-stable-90-4017 to 90.0.4430.212\n - DNA-92411 Bookmarks breadcrumbs wrong color when pressed in dark mode\n - DNA-92587 Sync settings: \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdUse old password\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd button doesn\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt work\n - DNA-92672 Make it possible for agent to inject scripts into startpage\n - DNA-92712 Add SD reload API\n - DNA-93190 The bookmark can\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdt be opened in Workspace 5-6\n - DNA-93247 Reopen last closed tab shortcut opens random tab on new\n window\n - DNA-93294 Binary diff for opera_browser.dll is not created on 32-bit\n builds\n - DNA-93313 Add opauto test to cover DNA-93190\n - DNA-93368 Fix an error in Polish translation\n - DNA-93408 [Windows] widevine_cdm_component_installer does not compile\n on desktop-stable-90-4017\n - The update to chromium 90.0.4430.212 fixes following issues:\n CVE-2021-30506, CVE-2021-30507, CVE-2021-30508, CVE-2021-30509,\n CVE-2021-30510, CVE-2021-30511, CVE-2021-30512, CVE-2021-30513,\n CVE-2021-30514, CVE-2021-30515, CVE-2021-30516, CVE-2021-30517,\n CVE-2021-30518, CVE-2021-30519, CVE-2021-30520\n\n\nPatch Instructions:\n\n To install this openSUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods\n like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n\n Alternatively you can run the command listed for your product:\n\n - openSUSE Leap 15.4:NonFree:\n\n zypper in -t patch openSUSE-2022-110=1", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-04-08T00:00:00", "type": "suse", "title": "Security update for opera (important)", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30506", "CVE-2021-30507", "CVE-2021-30508", "CVE-2021-30509", "CVE-2021-30510", "CVE-2021-30511", "CVE-2021-30512", "CVE-2021-30513", "CVE-2021-30514", "CVE-2021-30515", "CVE-2021-30516", "CVE-2021-30517", "CVE-2021-30518", "CVE-2021-30519", "CVE-2021-30520", "CVE-2021-30541", "CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557", "CVE-2021-30560", "CVE-2021-30561", "CVE-2021-30562", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30564", "CVE-2021-30590", "CVE-2021-30591", "CVE-2021-30592", "CVE-2021-30593", "CVE-2021-30594", "CVE-2021-30596", "CVE-2021-30597", "CVE-2021-30598", "CVE-2021-30599", "CVE-2021-30600", "CVE-2021-30601", "CVE-2021-30602", "CVE-2021-30603", "CVE-2021-30604", "CVE-2021-30606", "CVE-2021-30607", "CVE-2021-30608", "CVE-2021-30609", "CVE-2021-30610", "CVE-2021-30611", "CVE-2021-30612", "CVE-2021-30613", "CVE-2021-30614", "CVE-2021-30615", "CVE-2021-30616", "CVE-2021-30617", "CVE-2021-30618", "CVE-2021-30619", "CVE-2021-30620", "CVE-2021-30621", "CVE-2021-30622", "CVE-2021-30623", "CVE-2021-30624", "CVE-2021-30625", "CVE-2021-30626", "CVE-2021-30627", "CVE-2021-30628", "CVE-2021-30629", "CVE-2021-30630", "CVE-2021-30631", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-37974", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37976", "CVE-2021-37977", "CVE-2021-37978", "CVE-2021-37979", "CVE-2021-37980", "CVE-2021-37981", "CVE-2021-37982", "CVE-2021-37983", "CVE-2021-37984", "CVE-2021-37985", "CVE-2021-37986", "CVE-2021-37987", "CVE-2021-37988", "CVE-2021-37989", "CVE-2021-37990", "CVE-2021-37991", "CVE-2021-37992", "CVE-2021-37993", "CVE-2021-37994", "CVE-2021-37995", "CVE-2021-37996", "CVE-2021-37997", "CVE-2021-37998", "CVE-2021-37999", "CVE-2021-38001", "CVE-2021-38002", "CVE-2021-38003", "CVE-2021-38004", "CVE-2021-38005", "CVE-2021-38006", "CVE-2021-38007", "CVE-2021-38008", "CVE-2021-38009", "CVE-2021-38010", "CVE-2021-38011", "CVE-2021-38012", "CVE-2021-38013", "CVE-2021-38014", "CVE-2021-38015", "CVE-2021-38016", "CVE-2021-38017", "CVE-2021-38019", "CVE-2021-38020", "CVE-2021-38021", "CVE-2021-38022", "CVE-2021-4052", "CVE-2021-4053", "CVE-2021-4054", "CVE-2021-4055", "CVE-2021-4056", "CVE-2021-4057", "CVE-2021-4058", "CVE-2021-4059", "CVE-2021-4061", "CVE-2021-4062", "CVE-2021-4063", "CVE-2021-4064", "CVE-2021-4065", "CVE-2021-4066", "CVE-2021-4067", "CVE-2021-4068", "CVE-2021-4078", "CVE-2021-4079", "CVE-2021-4098", "CVE-2021-4099", "CVE-2021-4100", "CVE-2021-4101", "CVE-2021-4102", "CVE-2022-0096", "CVE-2022-0097", "CVE-2022-0098", "CVE-2022-0099", "CVE-2022-0100", "CVE-2022-0101", "CVE-2022-0102", "CVE-2022-0103", "CVE-2022-0104", "CVE-2022-0105", "CVE-2022-0106", "CVE-2022-0107", "CVE-2022-0108", "CVE-2022-0109", "CVE-2022-0110", "CVE-2022-0111", "CVE-2022-0112", "CVE-2022-0113", "CVE-2022-0114", "CVE-2022-0115", "CVE-2022-0116", "CVE-2022-0117", "CVE-2022-0118", "CVE-2022-0120", "CVE-2022-0289", "CVE-2022-0290", "CVE-2022-0291", "CVE-2022-0292", "CVE-2022-0293", "CVE-2022-0294", "CVE-2022-0295", "CVE-2022-0296", "CVE-2022-0297", "CVE-2022-0298", "CVE-2022-0300", "CVE-2022-0301", "CVE-2022-0302", "CVE-2022-0304", "CVE-2022-0305", "CVE-2022-0306", "CVE-2022-0307", "CVE-2022-0308", "CVE-2022-0309", "CVE-2022-0310", "CVE-2022-0311", "CVE-2022-0452", "CVE-2022-0453", "CVE-2022-0454", "CVE-2022-0455", "CVE-2022-0456", "CVE-2022-0457", "CVE-2022-0458", "CVE-2022-0459", "CVE-2022-0460", "CVE-2022-0461", "CVE-2022-0462", "CVE-2022-0463", "CVE-2022-0464", "CVE-2022-0465", "CVE-2022-0466", "CVE-2022-0467", "CVE-2022-0468", "CVE-2022-0469", "CVE-2022-0470", "CVE-2022-0603", "CVE-2022-0604", "CVE-2022-0605", "CVE-2022-0606", "CVE-2022-0607", "CVE-2022-0608", "CVE-2022-0609", "CVE-2022-0610", "CVE-2022-0789", "CVE-2022-0790", "CVE-2022-0791", "CVE-2022-0792", "CVE-2022-0793", "CVE-2022-0794", "CVE-2022-0795", "CVE-2022-0796", "CVE-2022-0797", "CVE-2022-0798", "CVE-2022-0799", "CVE-2022-0800", "CVE-2022-0801", "CVE-2022-0802", "CVE-2022-0803", "CVE-2022-0804", "CVE-2022-0805", "CVE-2022-0806", "CVE-2022-0807", "CVE-2022-0808", "CVE-2022-0809", "CVE-2022-1096"], "modified": "2022-04-08T00:00:00", "id": "OPENSUSE-SU-2022:0110-1", "href": "https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/ZOJPFVCOKYO6YUMKBJPTCF74IGAYK5K4/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "kaspersky": [{"lastseen": "2023-03-28T17:34:26", "description": "### *Detect date*:\n06/18/2021\n\n### *Severity*:\nWarning\n\n### *Description*:\nMultiple vulnerabilities were found in Microsoft Browser. Malicious users can exploit these vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code, cause denial of service.\n\n### *Affected products*:\nMicrosoft Edge (Chromium-based)\n\n### *Solution*:\nInstall necessary updates from the Settings and more menu, that are listed in your About Microsoft Edge page (Microsoft Edge About page usually can be accessed from the Help and feedback option) \n[Microsoft Edge update settings](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/microsoft-edge-update-settings-af8aaca2-1b69-4870-94fe-18822dbb7ef1>)\n\n### *Original advisories*:\n[CVE-2021-30556](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30556>) \n[CVE-2021-30555](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30555>) \n[CVE-2021-30554](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30554>) \n[CVE-2021-30557](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30557>) \n\n\n### *Impacts*:\nACE \n\n### *Related products*:\n[Microsoft Edge](<https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/product/Microsoft-Edge/>)\n\n### *CVE-IDS*:\n[CVE-2021-30556](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30556>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30555](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30555>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30554](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30554>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30557](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30557>)6.8High\n\n### *Microsoft official advisories*:", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-18T00:00:00", "type": "kaspersky", "title": "KLA12211 Multiple vulnerabilities in Microsoft Browser", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2023-03-28T00:00:00", "id": "KLA12211", "href": "https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/vulnerability/KLA12211/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-08T15:46:05", "description": "### *Detect date*:\n06/17/2021\n\n### *Severity*:\nHigh\n\n### *Description*:\nMultiple vulnerabilities were found in Google Chrome. Malicious users can exploit these vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code, cause denial of service.\n\n### *Affected products*:\nGoogle Chrome earlier than 91.0.4472.114\n\n### *Solution*:\nUpdate to the latest version \n[Download Google Chrome](<https://www.google.com/chrome/>)\n\n### *Original advisories*:\n[Stable Channel Update for Desktop](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html>) \n\n\n### *Impacts*:\nACE \n\n### *Related products*:\n[Google Chrome](<https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/product/Google-Chrome/>)\n\n### *CVE-IDS*:\n[CVE-2021-30556](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30556>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30555](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30555>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30554](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30554>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30557](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30557>)6.8High", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-17T00:00:00", "type": "kaspersky", "title": "KLA12210 Multiple vulnerabilities in Google Chrome", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "id": "KLA12210", "href": "https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/vulnerability/KLA12210/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-08T15:45:57", "description": "### *Detect date*:\n04/12/2021\n\n### *Severity*:\nWarning\n\n### *Description*:\nMultiple vulnerabilities were found in Opera. Malicious users can exploit these vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code, cause denial of service.\n\n### *Affected products*:\nOpera earlier than 77.0.4054.146\n\n### *Solution*:\nUpdate to the latest version \n[Download Opera](<https://www.opera.com>)\n\n### *Original advisories*:\n[Changelog for Opera 77](<https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-77/#b4054.146>) \n[Stable Channel Update for Desktop](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html>) \n\n\n### *Impacts*:\nACE \n\n### *Related products*:\n[Opera](<https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/product/Opera/>)\n\n### *CVE-IDS*:\n[CVE-2021-30556](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30556>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30555](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30555>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30554](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30554>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30557](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30557>)6.8High", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-04-12T00:00:00", "type": "kaspersky", "title": "KLA12215 Multiple vulnerabilities in Opera", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-07-27T00:00:00", "id": "KLA12215", "href": "https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/vulnerability/KLA12215/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-08T15:46:12", "description": "### *Detect date*:\n06/09/2021\n\n### *Severity*:\nHigh\n\n### *Description*:\nMultiple vulnerabilities were found in Google Chrome. Malicious users can exploit these vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code, cause denial of service.\n\n### *Affected products*:\nGoogle Chrome earlier than 91.0.4472.101\n\n### *Solution*:\nUpdate to the latest version \n[Download Google Chrome](<https://www.google.com/chrome/>)\n\n### *Original advisories*:\n[Stable Channel Update for Desktop](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) \n\n\n### *Impacts*:\nACE \n\n### *Related products*:\n[Google Chrome](<https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/product/Google-Chrome/>)\n\n### *CVE-IDS*:\n[CVE-2021-30545](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30545>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30550](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30550>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30546](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30546>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30549](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30549>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30551](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30551>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30547](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30547>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30553](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30553>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30552](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30552>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30548](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30548>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30544](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30544>)6.8High", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-09T00:00:00", "type": "kaspersky", "title": "KLA12204 Multiple vulnerabilities in Google Chrome", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "id": "KLA12204", "href": "https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/vulnerability/KLA12204/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-03-28T17:34:37", "description": "### *Detect date*:\n06/11/2021\n\n### *Severity*:\nWarning\n\n### *Description*:\nMultiple vulnerabilities were found in Microsoft Browser. Malicious users can exploit these vulnerabilities to cause denial of service, execute arbitrary code.\n\n### *Affected products*:\nMicrosoft Edge (Chromium-based)\n\n### *Solution*:\nInstall necessary updates from the Settings and more menu, that are listed in your About Microsoft Edge page (Microsoft Edge About page usually can be accessed from the Help and feedback option) \n[Microsoft Edge update settings](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/microsoft-edge-update-settings-af8aaca2-1b69-4870-94fe-18822dbb7ef1>)\n\n### *Original advisories*:\n[CVE-2021-30551](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30551>) \n[CVE-2021-30547](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30547>) \n[CVE-2021-30545](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30545>) \n[CVE-2021-30544](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30544>) \n[CVE-2021-30549](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30549>) \n[CVE-2021-30552](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30552>) \n[CVE-2021-30546](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30546>) \n[CVE-2021-30550](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30550>) \n[CVE-2021-30548](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30548>) \n[CVE-2021-30553](<https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/sug/v2.0/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30553>) \n\n\n### *Impacts*:\nACE \n\n### *Related products*:\n[Microsoft Edge](<https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/product/Microsoft-Edge/>)\n\n### *CVE-IDS*:\n[CVE-2021-30545](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30545>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30550](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30550>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30546](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30546>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30549](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30549>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30551](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30551>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30547](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30547>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30553](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30553>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30552](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30552>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30548](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30548>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30544](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30544>)6.8High\n\n### *Microsoft official advisories*:", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-11T00:00:00", "type": "kaspersky", "title": "KLA12205 Multiple vulnerabilities in Microsoft Browser", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2023-03-28T00:00:00", "id": "KLA12205", "href": "https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/vulnerability/KLA12205/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-08T15:46:06", "description": "### *Detect date*:\n06/17/2021\n\n### *Severity*:\nHigh\n\n### *Description*:\nMultiple vulnerabilities were found in Opera. Malicious users can exploit these vulnerabilities to cause denial of service, execute arbitrary code.\n\n### *Affected products*:\nOpera earlier than 77.0.4054.90\n\n### *Solution*:\nUpdate to the latest version \n[Download Opera](<https://www.opera.com>)\n\n### *Original advisories*:\n[Changelog for Opera 77](<https://blogs.opera.com/desktop/changelog-for-77/#b4054.90>) \n[Stable Channel Update for Desktop](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) \n\n\n### *Impacts*:\nACE \n\n### *Related products*:\n[Opera](<https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/product/Opera/>)\n\n### *CVE-IDS*:\n[CVE-2021-30545](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30545>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30550](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30550>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30546](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30546>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30549](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30549>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30551](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30551>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30547](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30547>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30553](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30553>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30552](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30552>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30548](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30548>)6.8High \n[CVE-2021-30544](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30544>)6.8High", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-17T00:00:00", "type": "kaspersky", "title": "KLA12209 Multiple vulnerabilities in Opera", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553"], "modified": "2021-06-22T00:00:00", "id": "KLA12209", "href": "https://threats.kaspersky.com/en/vulnerability/KLA12209/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "threatpost": [{"lastseen": "2021-06-10T20:47:57", "description": "Google is warning that a bug in its Chrome web browser is actively under attack, and it is urging users to upgrade to the latest 91.0.4472.101 version to mitigate the issue.\n\nIn all, Google rolled out fixes for 14 bugs impacting its Windows, Mac and Linux browsers as part of its June update [to the Chrome desktop browser](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>).\n\n\u201cGoogle is aware that an exploit for CVE-2021-30551 exists in the wild,\u201d wrote Chrome technical program manager Prudhvikumar Bommana [in a Wednesday post](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>). That exploit is identified as a type confusion bug within Google\u2019s V8 open-source JavaScript and WebAssembly engine. \n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)The confusion vulnerability is tied to the browser\u2019s ActionScript Virtual Machine. \u201cUsually, when a piece of code doesn\u2019t verify the type of object that is passed to it, and uses it blindly without type-checking, it leads to type confusion,\u201d according to a [technical description of the bug](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2015/06/17/understanding-type-confusion-vulnerabilities-cve-2015-0336/#:~:text=The%20vulnerability%20is%20a%20%E2%80%9Ctype,it%20leads%20to%20type%20confusion.>).\n\n## **Possible Wider Impact of Exploited Chrome Browser Bug **\n\nThe update coincides with the release of the Android Chrome browser to Chrome 91 (91.0.4472.101), also [on Wednesday](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/chrome-for-android-update_01297860997.html>). While the desktop and mobile versions of the Chrome web browser share the same version number, it is unclear if the updated Android Chrome browser is impacted by the same vulnerabilities.\n\nAlso unclear is if Microsoft\u2019s Edge browser, based on the Chromium open-source browser codebase (principally developed and maintained by Google), is also impacted.\n\nIn related news, on Tuesday, Microsoft released a patch for vulnerabilities under active attack, including [CVE-2021-33742](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-33742>), impacting its Edge browser. That bug [is a remote-code execution](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-in-the-wild-exploits/166724/>) (RCE) vulnerability within the Edge browser\u2019s MSHTML component.\n\n\u201cThe MSHTML platform is used by Internet Explorer mode in Microsoft Edge as well as other applications through WebBrowser control,\u201d Microsoft explained.\n\n## **Critical Browser Cache Bug: CVE-2021-30544**\n\nAs part of the June Chrome update, Google patched a critical use-after-free bug (CVE-2021-30544) within the browser\u2019s optimization engine called BFCache. This browser component enables back-and-forward navigation between cached webpages within Chrome.\n\nAs customary with recently disclosed bugs, Google did not release the details tied to any of the vulnerabilities patched Wednesday. \u201cAccess to bug details and links may be kept restricted until a majority of users are updated with a fix. We will also retain restrictions if the bug exists in a third-party library that other projects similarly depend on, but haven\u2019t yet fixed,\u201d the Google advisory stated.\n\nGoogle credits Rong Jian and Guang Gong of 360 Alpha Lab for finding the BFCache bug in May. For their bug hunting efforts, the pair earned $25,000.\n\n**Download our exclusive FREE Threatpost Insider eBook, ****_\u201c_**[**_2021: The Evolution of Ransomware_**](<https://threatpost.com/ebooks/2021-the-evolution-of-ransomware/?utm_source=April_eBook&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=ART>)**_,\u201d_**** to help hone your cyber-defense strategies against this growing scourge. We go beyond the status quo to uncover what\u2019s next for ransomware and the related emerging risks. Get the whole story and **[**DOWNLOAD**](<https://threatpost.com/ebooks/2021-the-evolution-of-ransomware/?utm_source=April_eBook&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=ART>)** the eBook now \u2013 on us!**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-06-10T20:07:53", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Chrome Browser Bug Under Active Attack", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-0336", "CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-33742"], "modified": "2021-06-10T20:07:53", "id": "THREATPOST:DE317ED7C5E4858FE861A15F96F6BCFD", "href": "https://threatpost.com/chrome-browser-bug-under-attack/166804/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-15T11:25:30", "description": "Threat actors used a Safari zero-day flaw to send malicious links to government officials in Western Europe via LinkedIn before researchers from Google discovered and reported the vulnerability.\n\nThat\u2019s the word from researchers from Google Threat Analysis Group (TAG) and Google Project Zero, who Wednesday [posted a blog](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-we-protect-users-0-day-attacks/>) shedding more light on several zero-day flaws that they discovered so far this year. Researchers in particular detailed how attackers exploited the vulnerabilities\u2014the prevalence of which are on the rise\u2013before they were addressed by their respective vendors.\n\nTAG researchers discovered the Safari WebKit flaw, tracked as [CVE-\u200b2021-1879](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-1879>), on March 19. The vulnerability allowed for the processing of maliciously crafted web content for universal cross site scripting and was addressed by Apple in [an update](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212256>) later that month.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nBefore the fix, researchers assert Russian-language threat actors were exploiting the vulnerability in the wild by using LinkedIn Messaging to send government officials from Western European countries malicious links that could collect website-authentication cookies, according to the post by Maddie Stone and Clement Lecigne from Google TAG.\n\n\u201cIf the target visited the link from an iOS device, they would be redirected to an attacker-controlled domain that served the next-stage payloads,\u201d they wrote.\n\nThe exploit, which targeted iOS versions 12.4 through 13.7, would turn off [Same-Origin-Policy](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-origin_policy>) protections on an infected device to collect authentication cookies from several popular websites\u2013including Google, Microsoft, LinkedIn, Facebook and Yahoo\u2013and then send them via WebSocket to an attacker-controlled IP, researchers wrote. The victim would need to have a session open on these websites from Safari for cookies to be successfully exfiltrated.\n\nMoreover, the campaign targeting iOS devices coincided with others from the same threat actor\u2014which Microsoft has identified as Nobelium\u2013targeting users on Windows devices to deliver Cobalt Strike, researchers wrote. Security firm Volexity described one of these attacks [in a report](<https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/05/27/suspected-apt29-operation-launches-election-fraud-themed-phishing-campaigns/>) posted online in May, the researchers added.\n\nNobellium is believed to be a Russia-based threat group responsible for the [expansive cyber-espionage SolarWinds](<https://threatpost.com/feds-russia-culprit-solarwinds/162785/>) campaign, which affected numerous U.S. government agencies and tech companies, including Microsoft.\n\n## **Other Zero-Day Attacks**\n\nGoogle researchers also linked three additional zero-day flaws they identified this year to a commercial surveillance vendor, according to [Google TAG\u2019s Shane Huntley](<https://twitter.com/ShaneHuntley/status/1415340345500463113>). Two of those vulnerabilities\u2013[CVE-2021-21166](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21166>) and [CVE-2021-30551](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30551>)\u2014were found in Chrome, and one, tracked as [CVE-2021-33742](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-33742>), in Internet Explorer.\n\nCVE-2021-21166 and CVE-2021-30551, two Chrome rendered remote-code execution (RCE) flaws, were identified separately but later believed to be used by the same actor, researchers wrote in the blog. Google researchers discovered the former in February and the latter in June.\n\n\u201cBoth of these 0-days were delivered as one-time links sent by email to the targets, all of whom we believe were in Armenia,\u201d Stone and Lecigne wrote. \u201cThe links led to attacker-controlled domains that mimicked legitimate websites related to the targeted users.\u201d\n\nWhen prospective victims clicked the link, they were redirected to a webpage that would fingerprint their device, collect system information about the client, and generate ECDH keys to encrypt the exploits, researchers wrote. This info\u2014which included screen resolution, timezone, languages, browser plugins, and available MIME types\u2014would then be sent back to the exploit server and used by attackers to decide whether or not an exploit should be delivered to the target, they said.\n\nResearchers also identified a separate campaigned in April that also targeted Armenian users by leveraging CVE-2021-26411, an RCE bug found in Internet Explorer (IE). The campaign loaded web content within IE that contained malicious Office documents, researchers wrote.\n\n\u201cThis happened by either embedding a remote ActiveX object using a Shell.Explorer.1 OLE object or by spawning an Internet Explorer process via VBA macros to navigate to a web page,\u201d Stone and Lecigne explained.\n\nAt the time, researchers said they were unable to recover the next-stage payload, but successfully recovered the exploit after discovering an early June campaign from the same actors. Microsoft patched the flaw later that month, they said.\n\n\n\nClick to Zoom CREDIT: TAG\n\n## **Why There is an Increase in Zero-Days?**\n\nAll in all, security researchers have identified 33 [zero-day flaws](<https://threatpost.com/kaseya-patches-zero-days-revil-attacks/167670/>) so far in 2021, which is 11 more than the total number from 2020, according to the post.\n\nWhile that trend reflects an increase in the number of these types of vulnerabilities that exist, Google researchers \u201cbelieve greater detection and disclosure efforts are also contributing to the upward trend,\u201d they wrote.\n\nStill, it\u2019s highly possible that attackers are indeed using more [zero-day exploits](<https://threatpost.com/zero-day-wipe-my-book-live/167422/>) for a few reasons, researchers noted. One is that the increase and maturation of security technologies and features means attackers also have to level up, which in turn requires more [zero-day vulnerabilities](<https://threatpost.com/solarwinds-hotfix-zero-day-active-attack/167704/>) for functional attack chains, they said.\n\nThe growth of mobile platforms also has resulted in an increase in the number of products that threat actors want to target\u2014hence more reason to use zero-day exploits, researchers observed. Perhaps inspired by this increase in demand, commercial vendors also are selling more access to zero-days than in the early 2010s, they said.\n\nFinally, the maturation of security protections and strategies also inspires sophistication on the part of attackers as well, boosting the need for them to use zero-day flaws to convince victims to install malware, researchers noted.\n\n\u201cDue to advancements in security, these actors now more often have to use 0-day exploits to accomplish their goals,\u201d Stone and Lecigne wrote.\n\n_**Check out our free **_[_**upcoming live and on-demand webinar events**_](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_** \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community.**_\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-07-15T11:04:49", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Safari Zero-Day Used in Malicious LinkedIn Campaign", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1879", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-26411", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-33742"], "modified": "2021-07-15T11:04:49", "id": "THREATPOST:EA23582BD77C428ACE9B9DB7D5741EB6", "href": "https://threatpost.com/safari-zero-day-linkedin/167814/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-14T15:21:25", "description": "Google has addressed two zero-day security bugs that are being actively exploited in the wild.\n\nAs part of the internet giant\u2019s latest stable channel release (version 93.0.4577.82 for Windows, Mac and Linux), it fixed 11 total vulnerabilities, all of them rated high-severity. The two zero days are tracked as CVE-2021-30632 and CVE-2021-30633.\n\n\u201cGoogle is aware that exploits for [these] exist in the wild,\u201d the company said in its short website notice on the update, [issued Monday](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>).\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\nGoogle is restricting any technical details \u201cuntil a majority of users are updated with a fix,\u201d it said. The vulnerabilities were reported anonymously, precluding any gleaning of details from the researcher who found them. Here\u2019s what we know:\n\n * CVE-2021-30632: Out of bounds write in V8 JavaScript Engine; and\n * CVE-2021-30633: Use after free in the IndexedDB API.\n\nOut-of-bounds write flaws [can result in](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html>) corruption of data, a crash or code execution. Use-after-free issues [can result in](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html>) any number of attack types, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code. Both bugs have TBD bug-bounty awards attached to them and were reported on Sept. 8.\n\nV8 is Google\u2019s open-source, high-performance JavaScript and WebAssembly engine for Chrome and Chromium-based browsers. It translates JavaScript code into a more efficient machine code instead of using an interpreter, which speeds up the web browser. Since this vulnerable components is not specific to Google Chrome, it\u2019s a good bet that other browsers are affected by the bug as well.\n\nIndexedDB, meanwhile, allows users to persistently store large amounts of structured data client-side, inside their browsers. The API is a JavaScript application programming interface provided by web browsers for managing these NoSQL databases. It\u2019s a standard maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium.\n\n\u201cBrowser bugs discovered from exploitation in the wild are among the most significant security threats,\u201d John Bambenek, principal threat hunter at Netenrich, said via email. \u201cNow that they are patched, exploitation will ramp up. That said, almost 20 years on and we haven\u2019t made web browsing safe shows that the rapid embrace of technology continues to leave users exposed to criminals and nation-state actors. Everyone wants to learn how to hack, too few people are working on defense.\u201d\n\nThe other nine bugs addressed by Google are as follows:\n\n * CVE-2021-30625: Use after free in Selection API. _Reported by Marcin Towalski of Cisco Talos on 2021-08-06_\n * CVE-2021-30626: Out of bounds memory access in ANGLE. _Reported by Jeonghoon Shin of Theori on 2021-08-18_\n * CVE-2021-30627: Type Confusion in Blink layout. _Reported by Aki Helin of OUSPG on 2021-09-01_\n * CVE-2021-30628: Stack buffer overflow in ANGLE. _Reported by Jaehun Jeong(@n3sk) of Theori on 2021-08-18_\n * CVE-2021-30629: Use after free in Permissions. _Reported by Weipeng Jiang (@Krace) from Codesafe Team of Legendsec at Qi\u2019anxin Group on 2021-08-26_\n * CVE-2021-30630: Inappropriate implementation in Blink. _Reported by SorryMybad (@S0rryMybad) of Kunlun Lab on 2021-08-30_\n * CVE-2021-30631: Type Confusion in Blink layout. _Reported by Atte Kettunen of OUSPG on 2021-09-06_\n\nKevin Dunne, president at Pathlock, pointed out that Google has patched plenty of zero-days already this year \u2013 eight prior to the latest two, to be exact \u2013 and he said to expect more.\n\n## **10th Zero-Day in 2021 for Google**\n\n\u201cToday, Google released a patch for its tenth [and ninth] zero-day exploit of the year,\u201d Dunne said in an email to media. \u201cThis milestone highlights the emphasis that bad actors are putting on browser exploits, with Chrome becoming a clear favorite, allowing a streamlined way to gain access to millions of devices regardless of OS.\n\n\u201cWe expect to see continued zero-day exploits in the wild,\u201d he added.\n\nThe other zero days discovered so far in 2021 are as follows, many of them in the V8 engine:\n\n * [CVE-2021-21148](<https://threatpost.com/google-chrome-zero-day-windows-mac/163688/>) \u2013 (February)\n * [CVE-2021-21166](<https://threatpost.com/google-patches-actively-exploited-flaw-in-chrome-browser/164468/>) \u2013 (March)\n * [CVE-2021-21193](<https://threatpost.com/google-mac-windows-chrome-zero-day/164759/>) \u2013 (March)\n * [CVE-2021-21220](<https://threatpost.com/chrome-zero-day-exploit-twitter/165363/>) \u2013 (April)\n * [CVE-2021-21224](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21224>) \u2013 (April, later [used in Windows attacks](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-in-the-wild-exploits/166724/>))\n * [CVE-2021-30551](<https://threatpost.com/chrome-browser-bug-under-attack/166804/>) \u2013 (June)\n * [CVE-2021-30554](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30554>) \u2013 (June)\n * [CVE-2021-30563](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30563>) \u2013 (July)\n\n\u201cGoogle\u2019s commitment to patching these exploits quickly is commendable, as they operate Google Chrome as freeware and therefore are the sole entity who can provide these updates,\u201d Dunne wrote. \u201cGoogle is committed to providing Chrome as a free browser, as it is a critical entry point for other businesses such as Google Search and Google Workspace.\u201d\n\nThe news comes as Apple [rushed a fix](<https://threatpost.com/apple-emergency-fix-nso-zero-click-zero-day/169416/>) for a zero-click zero-day exploit targeting iMessaging. It\u2019s allegedly been used to illegally spy on Bahraini activists with NSO Group\u2019s Pegasus spyware, according to researchers.\n\nMicrosoft is also expected to release its monthly Patch Tuesday set of updates today, so we\u2019ll see if there are yet more zero-day exploits to worry about.\n\n**It\u2019s time to evolve threat hunting into a pursuit of adversaries. **[**JOIN**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** Threatpost and Cybersixgill for **[**Threat Hunting to Catch Adversaries, Not Just Stop Attacks**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** and get a guided tour of the dark web and learn how to track threat actors before their next attack. **[**REGISTER NOW**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** for the LIVE discussion on Sept. 22 at 2 p.m. EST with Cybersixgill\u2019s Sumukh Tendulkar and Edan Cohen, along with independent researcher and vCISO Chris Roberts and Threatpost host Becky Bracken.**\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T15:03:41", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Pair of Google Chrome Zero-Day Bugs Actively Exploited", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30625", "CVE-2021-30626", "CVE-2021-30627", "CVE-2021-30628", "CVE-2021-30629", "CVE-2021-30630", "CVE-2021-30631", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633"], "modified": "2021-09-14T15:03:41", "id": "THREATPOST:88DD5812D3C8652E304F32507E4F68DD", "href": "https://threatpost.com/google-chrome-zero-day-exploited/169442/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-02-15T21:47:28", "description": "Google on Monday issued 11 security fixes for its Chrome browser, including a high-severity zero-day bug that\u2019s actively being jumped on by attackers in the wild.\n\nIn a brief update, Google [described](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/02/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_14.html>) the weakness, tracked as [CVE-2022-0609](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-0609>), as a [use-after-free](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html>) vulnerability in Chrome\u2019s Animation component. This kind of flaw can lead to all sorts of misery, ranging from the corruption of valid data to the execution of arbitrary code on vulnerable systems. Such flaws can also be used to escape the browser\u2019s security sandbox.\n\n\u201cGoogle is aware of reports that an exploit for CVE-2022-0609 exists in the wild,\u201d according to its security update.\n\nChrome users can fix it straight away, though, by going into the Chrome menu &gt; Help &gt; About Google Chrome.\n\nGiven that the zero day is under active attack, updating Chrome should be done ASAP.\n\n[](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2022/02/15125804/Chrome-zero-day-e1644947947750.png>)\n\nChrome security updates. Source: Google.\n\nCredit for the Animation zero day goes to Adam Weidemann and Cl\u00e9ment Lecigne, both from Google\u2019s Threat Analysis Group (TAG).\n\nMonday\u2019s update also plastered over four other high-severity use-after-free flaws found in Chrome\u2019s Webstore API, File Manager, [ANGLE](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANGLE_\\(software\\)>) and GPU. As well, the company addressed a high-severity integer overflow in [Mojo](<https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/mojo_and_services.md>), plus a high-severity h\u200beap buffer overflow in Tab Groups. Finally, Google patched a medium-severity issue with inappropriate implementation in Gamepad API.\n\n## And So It Begins\n\nThis is Chrome\u2019s first zero day of the year, and more are sure to follow. But at least we\u2019ve made it into the new-ish year 10 more days than we managed in 2021, when the first bug to hit arrived on Feb. 4.\n\nLast year delivered a total of these 16 Chrome zero days:\n\n * [CVE-2021-21148](<https://threatpost.com/google-chrome-zero-day-windows-mac/163688/>) \u2013 Feb. 4, a vulnerability in its V8 open-source web engine.\n * [CVE-2021-21166](<https://threatpost.com/google-patches-actively-exploited-flaw-in-chrome-browser/164468/>) \u2013 March 2, a flaw in the Audio component of Google Chrome.\n * [CVE-2021-21193](<https://threatpost.com/google-mac-windows-chrome-zero-day/164759/>) \u2013 March 12, a use-after-free flaw in Blink, [the browser engine for Chrome](<https://threatpost.com/google-high-severity-blink-browser-engine-flaw/147770/>) that was developed as part of the Chromium project.\n * [CVE-2021-21220](<https://threatpost.com/chrome-zero-day-exploit-twitter/165363/>) \u2013 April 13, a remote-code execution issue.\n * [CVE-2021-21224](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21224>) \u2013 April 20, an issue with type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome that could have allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page.\n * [CVE-2021-30551](<https://threatpost.com/chrome-browser-bug-under-attack/166804/>) \u2013- June 9, a type confusion bug within Google\u2019s V8 open-source JavaScript and WebAssembly engine.\n * [CVE-2021-30554](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30554>) \u2013 June 17, a use-after-free bug.\n * [CVE-2021-30563](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30563>) \u2013 July 15, type confusion in V8.\n * [CVE-2021-30632 and CVE-2021-30633](<https://threatpost.com/google-chrome-zero-day-exploited/169442/>) \u2013 Sept. 13, an out-of-bounds write in V8 and a use-after-free bug in the IndexedDB API, respectively.\n * [CVE-2021-37973](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-37973>) \u2013 Sept. 24, a use-after-free flaw in Portals.\n * [CVE-2021-37976 and CVE-2021-37975](<https://threatpost.com/google-emergency-update-chrome-zero-days/175266/>) \u2013 Sept. 30, an information leak in core and a use-after-free bug in V8, respectively.\n * [CVE-2021-38000](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-38000>) and [CVE-2021-38003](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-38003>) \u2013 Oct. 28, an issue with Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Intents in Google Chrome on Android, and an inappropriate implementation in V8 respectively.\n * [CVE-2021-4102](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-4102>) \u2013 Dec. 13, a use after free in V8.\n\n**_Join Threatpost on Wed. Feb 23 at 2 PM ET for a [LIVE roundtable discussion](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/protect-sensitive-cloud-data/?utm_source=Website&utm_medium=Article&utm_id=Keeper+Webinar>) \u201cThe Secret to Keeping Secrets,\u201d sponsored by Keeper Security, focused on how to locate and lock down your organization\u2019s most sensitive data. Zane Bond with Keeper Security will join Threatpost\u2019s Becky Bracken to offer concrete steps to protect your organization\u2019s critical information in the cloud, in transit and in storage. [REGISTER NOW](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/protect-sensitive-cloud-data/?utm_source=Website&utm_medium=Article&utm_id=Keeper+Webinar>) and please Tweet us your questions ahead of time @Threatpost so they can be included in the discussion._**\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-02-15T18:33:28", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Chrome Zero-Day Under Active Attack: Patch ASAP", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-37973", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37976", "CVE-2021-38000", "CVE-2021-38003", "CVE-2021-4102", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2022-0609"], "modified": "2022-02-15T18:33:28", "id": "THREATPOST:3697F9293A6DFF6CD5927E9E68FF488A", "href": "https://threatpost.com/google-chrome-zero-day-under-attack/178428/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-30T16:18:23", "description": "Google has updated its Stable channel for the desktop version of Chrome, to address a zero-day security vulnerability that\u2019s being actively exploited in the wild.\n\nThe bug, tracked as CVE-2022-1096, is a type-confusion issue in the V8 JavaScript engine, which is an open-source engine used by Chrome and Chromium-based web browsers. Type confusion, as Microsoft has [laid out](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2015/06/17/understanding-type-confusion-vulnerabilities-cve-2015-0336/>) in the past, occurs \u201cwhen a piece of code doesn\u2019t verify the type of object that is passed to it, and uses it blindly without type-checking, it leads to type confusion\u2026Also with type confusion, wrong function pointers or data are fed into the wrong piece of code. In some circumstances this can lead to code execution.\u201d\n\nGoogle didn\u2019t provide additional technical details, as is its wont, but did say that it was \u201caware that an exploit for CVE-2022-1096 exists in the wild.\u201d An anonymous researcher was credited with finding the issue, which is labeled \u201chigh-severity\u201d (no CVSS score was given).\n\nThe lack of any further information is a source of frustration to some.\n\n\u201cAs a defender, I really wish it was more clear what this security fix is,\u201d John Bambenek, principal threat hunter at Netenrich, said via email. \u201cI get permission-denied errors or \u2018need to authenticate,\u2019 so I can\u2019t make decisions or advise my clients. A little more transparency would be beneficial and appreciated.\u201d\n\n## **Emergency Patch; Active Exploit**\n\nThe internet giant has updated the Stable channel to 99.0.4844.84 for Chrome for Windows, Mac and Linux, according to the its [security advisory](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_25.html>). Microsoft, which offers the Chromium-based Edge browser, also issued its [own advisory](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-1096>). It\u2019s unclear whether other offerings built in V8, such as the JavaScript runtime environment Node.js, are also affected.\n\nThe patch was issued on an emergency basis, likely due to the active exploit that\u2019s circulating, researchers noted.\n\n\u201cThe first thing which stood out to me about this update is that it only fixes a single issue,\u201d Casey Ellis, founder and CTO at Bugcrowd, noted by email. \u201cThis is pretty unusual for Google. They typically fix multiple issues in these types of releases, which suggests that they are quite concerned and very motivated to see fixes against CVE-2022-1096 applied across their user-base ASAP.\u201d\n\nHe also commented on the speed of the patch being rolled out.\n\n\u201cThe vulnerability was only reported on the 23rd of March, and while Google\u2019s Chrome team do tend to be fairly prompt in developing, testing and rolling patches, the idea of a patch for software deployed as widely deployed as Chrome in 48 hours is something is continue to be impressed by,\u201d he said. \u201cSpeculatively, I\u2019d suggest that the vulnerability has been discovered via detection of active exploitation in the wild, and the combination of impact and potentially the malicious actors currently using it contributed to the fast turnaround.\u201d\n\n## **V8 Engine in the Crosshairs**\n\nThe V8 engine has been plagued with security bugs and targeted by cyberattackers many times in the last year:\n\nLast year delivered a total of these 16 Chrome zero days:\n\n * [CVE-2021-21148](<https://threatpost.com/google-chrome-zero-day-windows-mac/163688/>) \u2013 Feb. 4, an unnamed type of bug in V8\n * [CVE-2021-21224](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21224>) \u2013 April 20, an issue with type confusion in V8 that could have allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page.\n * [CVE-2021-30551](<https://threatpost.com/chrome-browser-bug-under-attack/166804/>) \u2013- June 9, a type-confusion bug within V8 (also under active attack as a zero-day)\n * [CVE-2021-30563](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30563>) \u2013 July 15, another type-confusion bug in V8.\n * [CVE-2021-30633](<https://threatpost.com/google-chrome-zero-day-exploited/169442/>) \u2013 Sept. 13, an out-of-bounds write in V8\n * [CVE-2021-37975](<https://threatpost.com/google-emergency-update-chrome-zero-days/175266/>) \u2013 Sept. 30, a use-after-free bug in V8 (also attacked as a zero-day)\n * [CVE-2021-38003](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-38003>) \u2013 Oct. 28, an inappropriate implementation in V8\n * [CVE-2021-4102](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-4102>) \u2013 Dec. 13, a use-after-free bug in V8.\n\n_**Moving to the cloud? Discover emerging cloud-security threats along with solid advice for how to defend your assets with our **_[_**FREE downloadable eBook**_](<https://bit.ly/3Jy6Bfs>)_**, \u201cCloud Security: The Forecast for 2022.\u201d**_ _**We explore organizations\u2019 top risks and challenges, best practices for defense, and advice for security success in such a dynamic computing environment, including handy checklists.**_\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-03-30T16:14:30", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Google Chrome Bug Actively Exploited as Zero-Day", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-0336", "CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-38003", "CVE-2021-4102", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2022-1096"], "modified": "2022-03-30T16:14:30", "id": "THREATPOST:45B63C766965F5748AEC30DE709C8003", "href": "https://threatpost.com/google-chrome-bug-actively-exploited-zero-day/179161/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "securelist": [{"lastseen": "2021-08-12T10:37:29", "description": "\n\n_These statistics are based on detection verdicts of Kaspersky products received from users who consented to providing statistical data._\n\n## Quarterly figures\n\nAccording to Kaspersky Security Network, in Q2 2021:\n\n * Kaspersky solutions blocked 1,686,025,551 attacks from online resources across the globe.\n * Web antivirus recognized 675,832,360 unique URLs as malicious.\n * Attempts to run malware for stealing money from online bank accounts were stopped on the computers of 119,252 unique users.\n * Ransomware attacks were defeated on the computers of 97,451 unique users.\n * Our file antivirus detected 68,294,298 unique malicious and potentially unwanted objects.\n\n## Financial threats\n\n### Financial threat statistics\n\nIn Q2 2021, Kaspersky solutions blocked the launch of at least one piece of banking malware on the computers of 119,252 unique users.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by financial malware, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11140610/01-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Geography of financial malware attacks**\n\n_To evaluate and compare the risk of being infected by banking Trojans and ATM/POS malware worldwide, for each country we calculated the share of users of Kaspersky products who faced this threat during the reporting period as a percentage of all users of our products in that country._\n\n_Geography of financial malware attacks, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11140636/02-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries by share of attacked users**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Turkmenistan | 5.8 \n2 | Tajikistan | 5.0 \n3 | Afghanistan | 4.2 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 3.3 \n5 | Lithuania | 2.9 \n6 | Sudan | 2.8 \n7 | Paraguay | 2.5 \n8 | Zimbabwe | 1.6 \n9 | Costa Rica | 1.5 \n10 | Yemen | 1.5 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky product users (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users whose computers were targeted by financial malware as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\nLast quarter, as per tradition, the most widespread family of bankers was ZeuS/Zbot (17.8%), but its share in Q2 almost halved, by 13 p.p. Second place again went to the CliptoShuffler family (9.9%), whose share also fell, by 6 p.p. The Top 3 is rounded out by SpyEye (8.8%), which added 5 p.p., climbing from the eighth place. Note the disappearance of Emotet from the Top 10, which was predictable given the liquidation of its infrastructure in the previous quarter.\n\n**Top 10 banking malware families**\n\n| Name | Verdicts | %* \n---|---|---|--- \n1 | Zbot | Trojan.Win32.Zbot | 17.8 \n2 | CliptoShuffler | Trojan-Banker.Win32.CliptoShuffler | 9.9 \n3 | SpyEye | Trojan-Spy.Win32.SpyEye | 8.8 \n4 | Trickster | Trojan.Win32.Trickster | 5.5 \n5 | RTM | Trojan-Banker.Win32.RTM | 3.8 \n6 | Danabot | Trojan-Banker.Win32.Danabot | 3.6 \n7 | Nimnul | Virus.Win32.Nimnul | 3.3 \n8 | Cridex | Backdoor.Win32.Cridex | 2.3 \n9 | Nymaim | Trojan.Win32.Nymaim | 1.9 \n10 | Neurevt | Trojan.Win32.Neurevt | 1.6 \n \n_* Unique users who encountered this malware family as a percentage of all users attacked by financial malware._\n\n## Ransomware programs\n\n### Quarterly trends and highlights\n\n#### Attack on Colonial Pipeline and closure of DarkSide\n\nRansomware attacks on large organizations continued in Q2. Perhaps the most notable event of the quarter was the [attack by the DarkSide group on Colonial Pipeline](<https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/reports/2021/05/21/darkchronicles-the-consequences-of-the-colonial-pipeline-attack/>), one of the largest fuel pipeline operators in the US. The incident led to fuel outages and a state of emergency in four states. The results of the investigation, which involved the FBI and several other US government agencies, was reported to US President Joe Biden.\n\nFor the cybercriminals, this sudden notoriety proved unwelcome. In their blog, DarkSide&#x27;s creators heaped the blame on third-party operators. Another post was published stating that DarkSide&#x27;s developers had lost access to part of their infrastructure and were shutting down the service and the affiliate program.\n\nAnother consequence of this high-profile incident was a new rule on the Russian-language forum XSS, where many developers of ransomware, including REvil (also known as Sodinokibi or Sodin), LockBit and Netwalker, advertise their affiliate programs. The new rule forbade the advertising and selling of any ransomware programs on the site. The administrators of other forums popular with cybercriminals took similar decisions.\n\n#### Closure of Avaddon\n\nAnother family of targeted ransomware whose owners shut up shop in Q2 is Avaddon. At the same time as announcing the shutdown, the attackers [provided](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/avaddon-ransomware-shuts-down-and-releases-decryption-keys/>) Bleeping Computer with the decryption keys.\n\n#### Clash with Clop\n\nUkrainian police [searched](<https://cyberpolice.gov.ua/news/kiberpolicziya-vykryla-xakerske-ugrupovannya-u-rozpovsyudzhenni-virusu-shyfruvalnyka-ta-nanesenni-inozemnym-kompaniyam-piv-milyarda-dolariv-zbytkiv-2402/>) and arrested members of the Clop group. Law enforcement agencies also deactivated part of the cybercriminals&#x27; infrastructure, which [did not](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/clop-ransomware-is-back-in-business-after-recent-arrests/>), however, stop the group&#x27;s activities.\n\n#### Attacks on NAS devices\n\nIn Q2, cybercriminals stepped up their attacks on network-attached storage (NAS) devices. There appeared the new [Qlocker](<https://support.qnap.ru/hc/ru/articles/360021328659-\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c-Qnap-Ransomware-Qlocker>) family, which packs user files into a password-protected 7zip archive, plus our old friends [ech0raix](<https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/QSA-21-18>) and [AgeLocker](<https://www.qnap.com/en-us/security-advisory/QSA-21-15>) began to gather steam.\n\n### Number of new ransomware modifications\n\nIn Q2 2021, we detected 14 new ransomware families and 3,905 new modifications of this malware type.\n\n_Number of new ransomware modifications, Q2 2020 \u2014 Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141411/03-en-ru-es-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Number of users attacked by ransomware Trojans\n\nIn Q2 2021, Kaspersky products and technologies protected 97,451 users from ransomware attacks.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by ransomware Trojans, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141438/04-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Geography of ransomware attacks\n\n_Geography of attacks by ransomware Trojans, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141505/05-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries attacked by ransomware Trojans**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Bangladesh | 1.85 \n2 | Ethiopia | 0.51 \n3 | China | 0.49 \n4 | Pakistan | 0.40 \n5 | Egypt | 0.38 \n6 | Indonesia | 0.36 \n7 | Afghanistan | 0.36 \n8 | Vietnam | 0.35 \n9 | Myanmar | 0.35 \n10 | Nepal | 0.33 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 50,000)._ \n_** Unique users attacked by ransomware Trojans as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n### Top 10 most common families of ransomware Trojans\n\n| **Name** | **Verdicts** | **%*** \n---|---|---|--- \n1 | WannaCry | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Wanna | 20.66 \n2 | Stop | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Stop | 19.70 \n3 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Gen | 9.10 \n4 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Crypren | 6.37 \n5 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Phny | 6.08 \n6 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Encoder | 5.87 \n7 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Agent | 5.19 \n8 | PolyRansom/VirLock | Virus.Win32.Polyransom / Trojan-Ransom.Win32.PolyRansom | 2.39 \n9 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Crypmod | 1.48 \n10 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.MSIL.Encoder | 1.26 \n \n_* Unique Kaspersky users attacked by this family of ransomware Trojans as a percentage of all users attacked by such malware._\n\n## Miners\n\n### Number of new miner modifications\n\nIn Q2 2021, Kaspersky solutions detected 31,443 new modifications of miners.\n\n_Number of new miner modifications, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141534/06-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Number of users attacked by miners\n\nIn Q2, we detected attacks using miners on the computers of 363,516 unique users of Kaspersky products worldwide. At the same time, the number of attacked users gradually decreased during the quarter; in other words, the downward trend in miner activity returned.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by miners, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141602/07-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Geography of miner attacks\n\n_Geography of miner attacks, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141627/08-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries attacked by miners**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Afghanistan | 3.99 \n2 | Ethiopia | 2.66 \n3 | Rwanda | 2.19 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 1.61 \n5 | Mozambique | 1.40 \n6 | Sri Lanka | 1.35 \n7 | Vietnam | 1.33 \n8 | Kazakhstan | 1.31 \n9 | Azerbaijan | 1.21 \n10 | Tanzania | 1.19 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few users of Kaspersky products (under 50,000)._ \n_** Unique users attacked by miners as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n## Vulnerable applications used by cybercriminals during cyberattacks\n\nQ2 2021 injected some minor changes into our statistics on exploits used by cybercriminals. In particular, the share of exploits for Microsoft Office dropped to 55.81% of the total number of threats of this type. Conversely, the share of exploits attacking popular browsers rose by roughly 3 p.p. to 29.13%.\n\n_Distribution of exploits used by cybercriminals, by type of attacked application, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141656/09-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\nMicrosoft Office exploits most often tried to utilize the memory corruption vulnerability [CVE-2018-0802](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0802>). This error can occur in the Equation Editor component when processing objects in a specially constructed document, and its exploitation causes a buffer overflow and allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code. Also seen in Q2 was the similar vulnerability [CVE-2017-11882](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-11882>), which causes a buffer overflow on the stack in the same component. Lastly, we spotted an attempt to exploit the [CVE-2017-8570](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8570>) vulnerability, which, like other bugs in Microsoft Office, permits the execution of arbitrary code in vulnerable versions of the software.\n\nQ2 2021 was marked by the emergence of several dangerous vulnerabilities in various versions of the Microsoft Windows family, many of them observed in the wild. Kaspersky alone found three vulnerabilities used in targeted attacks:\n\n * [CVE-2021-28310](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-28310>) \u2014 an out-of-bounds (OOB) write vulnerability in the Microsoft DWM Core library used in Desktop Window Manager. Due to insufficient checks in the data array code, an unprivileged user using the DirectComposition API can write their own data to the memory areas they control. As a result, the data of real objects is corrupted, which, in turn, can lead to the execution of arbitrary code;\n * [CVE-2021-31955](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31955>) \u2014 an information disclosure vulnerability that exposes information about kernel objects. Together with other exploits, it allows an intruder to attack a vulnerable system;\n * [CVE-2021-31956](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31956>) \u2014 a vulnerability in the ntfs.sys file system driver. It causes incorrect checking of transferred sizes, allowing an attacker to inflict a buffer overflow by manipulating parameters.\n\nYou can read more about these vulnerabilities and their exploitation in our articles [PuzzleMaker attacks with Chrome zero-day exploit chain](<https://securelist.com/puzzlemaker-chrome-zero-day-exploit-chain/102771/>) and [Zero-day vulnerability in Desktop Window Manager (CVE-2021-28310) used in the wild](<https://securelist.com/zero-day-vulnerability-in-desktop-window-manager-cve-2021-28310-used-in-the-wild/101898/>).\n\nOther security researchers found a number of browser vulnerabilities, including:\n\n * [CVE-2021-33742](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-33742>) \u2014 a bug in the Microsoft Trident browser engine (MSHTML) that allows writing data outside the memory of operable objects;\n * Three Google Chrome vulnerabilities found in the wild that exploit bugs in various browser components: [CVE-2021-30551](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30551>) \u2014 a data type confusion vulnerability in the V8 scripting engine; [CVE-2021-30554](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30554>) \u2014 a use-after-free vulnerability in the WebGL component; and [CVE-2021-21220](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21220>) \u2014 a heap corruption vulnerability;\n * Three vulnerabilities in the WebKit browser engine, now used mainly in Apple products (for example, the Safari browser), were also found in the wild: [CVE-2021-30661](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212317>) \u2014 a use-after-free vulnerability; [CVE-2021-30665](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212336>) \u2014 a memory corruption vulnerability; and [CVE-2021-30663](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212336>) \u2014 an integer overflow vulnerability.\n\nAll of these vulnerabilities allow a cybercriminal to attack a system unnoticed if the user opens a malicious site in an unpatched browser.\n\nIn Q2, two similar vulnerabilities were found ([CVE-2021-31201](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31201>) and [CVE-2021-31199](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31199>)), exploiting integer overflow bugs in the Microsoft Windows Cryptographic Provider component. Using these vulnerabilities, an attacker could prepare a special signed document that would ultimately allow the execution of arbitrary code in the context of an application that uses the vulnerable library.\n\nBut the biggest talking point of the quarter was the [critical vulnerabilities CVE-2021-1675 and CVE-2021-34527](<https://securelist.com/quick-look-at-cve-2021-1675-cve-2021-34527-aka-printnightmare/103123/>) in the Microsoft Windows Print Spooler, in both server and client editions. Their discovery, together with a [proof of concept](<https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.com/glossary/poc-proof-of-concept/?utm_source=securelist&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=termin-explanation>), caused a stir in both the expert community and the media, which dubbed one of the vulnerabilities PrintNightmare. Exploitation of these vulnerabilities is quite trivial, since Print Spooler is enabled by default in Windows, and the methods of compromise are available even to unprivileged users, including remote ones. In the latter case, the RPC mechanism can be leveraged for compromise. As a result, an attacker with low-level access can take over not only a local machine, but also the domain controller, if these systems have not been updated, or available [risk mitigation methods](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) against these vulnerabilities have not been applied.\n\nAmong the network threats in Q2 2021, attempts to brute-force passwords in popular protocols and services (RDP, SSH, MSSQL, etc.) are still current. Attacks using EternalBlue, EternalRomance and other such exploits remain prevalent, although their share is gradually shrinking. New attacks include [CVE-2021-31166](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31166>), a vulnerability in the Microsoft Windows HTTP protocol stack that causes a denial of service during processing of web-server requests. To gain control over target systems, attackers are also using the previously found NetLogon vulnerability ([CVE-2020-1472](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2020-1472>)) and, for servers running Microsoft Exchange Server, vulnerabilities recently discovered while researching targeted attacks by the [HAFNIUM](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/>) group.\n\n## Attacks on macOS\n\nAs for threats to the macOS platform, Q2 will be remembered primarily for the appearance of new samples of the XCSSET Trojan. Designed to steal data from browsers and other applications, the malware is notable for spreading itself through infecting projects in the Xcode development environment. The Trojan takes the form of a bash script packed with the SHC utility, allowing it to evade macOS protection, which does not block script execution. During execution of the script, the SHC utility uses the RC4 algorithm to decrypt the payload, which, in turn, downloads additional modules.\n\n**Top 20 threats for macOS**\n\n| **Verdict** | **%*** \n---|---|--- \n1 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.j | 14.47 \n2 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.ac | 13.89 \n3 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.o | 10.21 \n4 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.ae | 7.96 \n5 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.at | 7.94 \n6 | Monitor.OSX.HistGrabber.b | 7.82 \n7 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Shlayer.a | 7.69 \n8 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.bg | 7.28 \n9 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.aa | 6.84 \n10 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.gen | 6.44 \n11 | AdWare.OSX.Cimpli.m | 5.53 \n12 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Agent.h | 5.50 \n13 | Backdoor.OSX.Agent.z | 4.64 \n14 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Lador.a | 3.92 \n15 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.t | 3.64 \n16 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.bc | 3.36 \n17 | AdWare.OSX.Ketin.h | 3.25 \n18 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.ay | 3.08 \n19 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.q | 2.84 \n20 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.x | 2.56 \n \n_* Unique users who encountered this malware as a percentage of all users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS who were attacked._\n\nAs in the previous quarter, a total of 15 of the Top 20 threats for macOS are adware programs. The Pirrit and Bnodlero families have traditionally stood out from the crowd, with the former accounting for two-thirds of the total number of threats.\n\n### Geography of threats for macOS\n\n_Geography of threats for macOS, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141728/10-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries by share of attacked users**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | India | 3.77 \n2 | France | 3.67 \n3 | Spain | 3.45 \n4 | Canada | 3.08 \n5 | Italy | 3.00 \n6 | Mexico | 2.88 \n7 | Brazil | 2.82 \n8 | USA | 2.69 \n9 | Australia | 2.53 \n10 | Great Britain | 2.33 \n \n_* Excluded from the rating are countries with relatively few users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users attacked as a percentage of all users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS in the country._\n\nIn Q2 2021, first place by share of attacked users went to India (3.77%), where adware applications from the Pirrit family were most frequently encountered. A comparable situation was observed in France (3.67%) and Spain (3.45%), which ranked second and third, respectively.\n\n## IoT attacks\n\n### IoT threat statistics\n\nIn Q2 2021, as before, most of the attacks on Kaspersky traps came via the Telnet protocol.\n\nTelnet | 70.55% \n---|--- \nSSH | 29.45% \n \n_Distribution of attacked services by number of unique IP addresses of devices that carried out attacks, Q2 2021_\n\nThe statistics for cybercriminal working sessions with Kaspersky honeypots show similar Telnet dominance.\n\nTelnet | 63.06% \n---|--- \nSSH | 36.94% \n \n_Distribution of cybercriminal working sessions with Kaspersky traps, Q2 2021_\n\n**Top 10 threats delivered to IoT devices via Telnet**\n\n| **Verdict** | **%*** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.b | 30.25% \n2 | Trojan-Downloader.Linux.NyaDrop.b | 27.93% \n3 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.ba | 5.82% \n4 | Backdoor.Linux.Agent.bc | 5.10% \n5 | Backdoor.Linux.Gafgyt.a | 4.44% \n6 | Trojan-Downloader.Shell.Agent.p | 3.22% \n7 | RiskTool.Linux.BitCoinMiner.b | 2.90% \n8 | Backdoor.Linux.Gafgyt.bj | 2.47% \n9 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.cw | 2.52% \n10 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.ad | 2.28% \n \n_* Share of each threat delivered to infected devices as a result of a successful Telnet attack out of the total number of delivered threats._\n\nDetailed IoT threat statistics are published in our Q2 2021 DDoS report: <https://securelist.com/ddos-attacks-in-q2-2021/103424/#attacks-on-iot-honeypots>\n\n## Attacks via web resources\n\n_The statistics in this section are based on Web Anti-Virus, which protects users when malicious objects are downloaded from malicious/infected web pages. Cybercriminals create such sites on purpose and web resources with user-created content (for example, forums), as well as hacked legitimate resources, can be infected._\n\n### Countries that serve as sources of web-based attacks: Top 10\n\n_The following statistics show the distribution by country of the sources of Internet attacks blocked by Kaspersky products on user computers (web pages with redirects to exploits, sites hosting malicious programs, botnet C&amp;C centers, etc.). Any unique host could be the source of one or more web-based attacks._\n\n_To determine the geographic source of web attacks, the GeoIP technique was used to match the domain name to the real IP address at which the domain is hosted._\n\nIn Q2 2021, Kaspersky solutions blocked 1,686,025,551 attacks from online resources located across the globe. 675,832,360 unique URLs were recognized as malicious by Web Anti-Virus components.\n\n_Distribution of web-attack sources by country, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141800/13-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Countries where users faced the greatest risk of online infection\n\nTo assess the risk of online infection faced by users in different countries, for each country we calculated the percentage of Kaspersky users on whose computers Web Anti-Virus was triggered during the quarter. The resulting data provides an indication of the aggressiveness of the environment in which computers operate in different countries.\n\nThis rating only includes attacks by malicious programs that fall under the **Malware class**; it does not include Web Anti-Virus detections of potentially dangerous or unwanted programs such as RiskTool or adware.\n\n| Country* | % of attacked users** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Belarus | 23.65 \n2 | Mauritania | 19.04 \n3 | Moldova | 18.88 \n4 | Ukraine | 18.37 \n5 | Kyrgyzstan | 17.53 \n6 | Algeria | 17.51 \n7 | Syria | 15.17 \n8 | Uzbekistan | 15.16 \n9 | Kazakhstan | 14.80 \n10 | Tajikistan | 14.70 \n11 | Russia | 14.54 \n12 | Yemen | 14.38 \n13 | Tunisia | 13.40 \n14 | Estonia | 13.36 \n15 | Latvia | 13.23 \n16 | Libya | 13.04 \n17 | Armenia | 12.95 \n18 | Morocco | 12.39 \n19 | Saudi Arabia | 12.16 \n20 | Macao | 11.67 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users targeted by **Malware-class** attacks as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n_These statistics are based on detection verdicts by the Web Anti-Virus module that were received from users of Kaspersky products who consented to provide statistical data._\n\nOn average during the quarter, 9.43% of computers of Internet users worldwide were subjected to at least one **Malware-class** web attack.\n\n_Geography of web-based malware attacks, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141830/14-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n## Local threats\n\n_In this section, we analyze statistical data obtained from the OAS and ODS modules in Kaspersky products. It takes into account malicious programs that were found directly on users&#x27; computers or removable media connected to them (flash drives, camera memory cards, phones, external hard drives), or which initially made their way onto the computer in non-open form (for example, programs in complex installers, encrypted files, etc.)._\n\nIn Q2 2021, our File Anti-Virus detected **68,294,298** malicious and potentially unwanted objects.\n\n### Countries where users faced the highest risk of local infection\n\nFor each country, we calculated the percentage of Kaspersky product users on whose computers File Anti-Virus was triggered during the reporting period. These statistics reflect the level of personal computer infection in different countries.\n\nNote that this rating only includes attacks by malicious programs that fall under the **Malware class**; it does not include File Anti-Virus triggers in response to potentially dangerous or unwanted programs, such as RiskTool or adware.\n\n| Country* | % of attacked users** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Turkmenistan | 49.38 \n2 | Tajikistan | 48.11 \n3 | Afghanistan | 46.52 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 44.21 \n5 | Ethiopia | 43.69 \n6 | Yemen | 43.64 \n7 | Cuba | 38.71 \n8 | Myanmar | 36.12 \n9 | Syria | 35.87 \n10 | South Sudan | 35.22 \n11 | China | 35.14 \n12 | Kyrgyzstan | 34.91 \n13 | Bangladesh | 34.63 \n14 | Venezuela | 34.15 \n15 | Benin | 32.94 \n16 | Algeria | 32.83 \n17 | Iraq | 32.55 \n18 | Madagascar | 31.68 \n19 | Mauritania | 31.60 \n20 | Belarus | 31.38 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users on whose computers **Malware-class** local threats were blocked, as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n_Geography of local infection attempts, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141906/15-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\nOn average worldwide, **Malware-class** local threats were recorded on 15.56% of users&#x27; computers at least once during the quarter. Russia scored 17.52% in this rating.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-08-12T10:00:12", "type": "securelist", "title": "IT threat evolution in Q2 2021. PC statistics", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2017-8570", "CVE-2018-0802", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-28310", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30661", "CVE-2021-30663", "CVE-2021-30665", "CVE-2021-31166", "CVE-2021-31199", "CVE-2021-31201", "CVE-2021-31955", "CVE-2021-31956", "CVE-2021-33742", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-08-12T10:00:12", "id": "SECURELIST:BB0230F9CE86B3F1994060AA0A809C08", "href": "https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-in-q2-2021-pc-statistics/103607/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "github": [{"lastseen": "2022-07-06T17:28:30", "description": "In this post I&#x27;ll exploit CVE-2022-1134, a type confusion in V8, the JavaScript engine of Chrome that I reported in March 2022, as [bug 1308360](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1308360>) and was fixed in version [100.0.4896.60](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_29.html>). This bug allows remote code execution (RCE) in the renderer sandbox of Chrome by a single visit to a malicious site. The bug exists in the super inline cache (SuperIC) feature, which has a history of exploitable vulnerabilities. In what follows, I&#x27;ll go through some implementation details of the inline cache, as well as interactions between V8 and Blink (the Chrome renderer), to fill in the background required to understand and exploit this bug.\n\n## Inline cache in V8[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#inline-cache-in-v8>)\n\nInline cache is an optimization used in V8 for speeding up property accesses in bytecode generated by [Ignition](<https://v8.dev/docs/ignition>) (the interpreter in V8). Roughly speaking, when a JavaScript function is run, Ignition will compile the function into bytecode, which then collects profiling data and feedback every time the function is run. The feedback is then used by the JIT compiler to generate optimized machine code at a later stage. As the V8 optimization pipeline is very well documented, I&#x27;ll not repeat the details here, but refer readers to [this article](<https://v8.dev/docs/ignition>) and the references within. Readers may also wish to consult [&quot;JavaScript engine fundamentals: Shapes and Inline Caches&quot;](<https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/shapes-ics>) by Mathias Bynens to get a high-level understanding of object types and inline cache in V8.\n\nTo distinguish between object types and optimize property accesses, each JavaScript object in V8 stores a `map` as its first property:\n \n \n DebugPrint: 0x282908049499: [JS_OBJECT_TYPE]\n - map: 0x282908207939 <Map(HOLEY_ELEMENTS)> [FastProperties]\n ...\n 0x282908207939: [Map]\n - type: JS_OBJECT_TYPE\n - instance size: 16\n - inobject properties: 1\n - elements kind: HOLEY_ELEMENTS\n - unused property fields: 0\n - enum length: 1\n ...\n \n\nThe `map` of an object stores important information, such as the `type` of the object, and the offsets of each of its properties. The memory layout of objects with the same map are the same, meaning that their properties are at the same offsets. This allows property accesses to be optimized once the `map` of an object is known. In overly simplified terms, when the bytecode for a property access is run, the maps of the input objects are recorded, and an optimized handler is created for each `map`. When the function is run in the future, if an object of a known `map` is passed, the optimized handler corresponding to this `map` is used to access the property of the object.\n\n### Bytecode handling in V8[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#bytecode-handling-in-v8>)\n\nTo get a better understanding of what actually happens, I&#x27;ll now go through a concrete example to show the general process of inline caching. Take the following function as an example:\n \n \n function f(a) {\n return a.x\n }\n \n\nI can run it in V8 and use the `print-bytecode` flag to print out the generated bytecode\n \n \n [generated bytecode for function: f (0x11e7001d36cd <SharedFunctionInfo f>)]\n ...\n Bytecode Age: 0\n 0x11e7001d3886 @ 0 : 2d 03 00 00 GetNamedProperty a0, [0], [0]\n 0x11e7001d388a @ 4 : a9 Return \n \n\nWe see that `GetNamedProperty` is the bytecode generated for the property access `a.x`. In V8, property accesses are divided into `NamedProperty` and `KeyedProperty`, where `NamedProperty` refers to the usual properties that are accessed as a property, for example, `a.x`, while `KeyedProperty` refers to element-like properties that are indexed numerically, for example, `a[1]`. Therefore, for example, the following function\n \n \n function f(a) {\n return a[1]\n }\n \n\ngenerates the `GetKeyedProperty` bytecode instead:\n \n \n [generated bytecode for function: f (0x1e8d001d36cd <SharedFunctionInfo f>)]\n ...\n Bytecode Age: 0\n 0x1e8d001d386a @ 0 : 0d 01 LdaSmi [1]\n 0x1e8d001d386c @ 2 : 2f 03 00 GetKeyedProperty a0, [0]\n 0x1e8d001d386f @ 5 : a9 Return \n \n\nThe bytecodes generated are handled by various `[IGNITION_HANDLER](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/c4430196c7c0ca1445dc48151912e659c80fc913:v8/src/interpreter/interpreter-generator.cc;l=41>)`. For example, the `GetNamedProperty` bytecode is handled by [the following handler](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/c4430196c7c0ca1445dc48151912e659c80fc913:v8/src/interpreter/interpreter-generator.cc;l=522>).\n \n \n IGNITION_HANDLER(GetNamedProperty, InterpreterAssembler) {\n ...\n accessor_asm.LoadIC_BytecodeHandler(&params, &exit_point);\n \n BIND(&done);\n {\n SetAccumulator(var_result.value());\n Dispatch();\n }\n }\n \n\nThe handler delegates the task to `[LoadIC_BytecodeHandler](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/c4430196c7c0ca1445dc48151912e659c80fc913:v8/src/ic/accessor-assembler.cc;drc=242da5037807dde3daf097ba74f875db83b8b613;l=2992>)`. This function inspects the feedback collected by this particular bytecode (that is, the input passed to this bytecode operation so far) and determines how the property should be accessed. When the function is first run, there isn&#x27;t any feedback, so the property access simply falls back to the slow runtime implementation. At the same time, feedback is collected, and optimized property access handlers are cached for the object `map` that was seen.\n \n \n void AccessorAssembler::LoadIC_BytecodeHandler(const LazyLoadICParameters* p,\n ExitPoint* exit_point) {\n ...\n GotoIf(IsUndefined(p->vector()), &no_feedback);\n \n ...\n BIND(&no_feedback); //<---------- no feedback, falls back to runtime implementation\n {\n Comment(\"LoadIC_BytecodeHandler_nofeedback\");\n // Call into the stub that implements the non-inlined parts of LoadIC.\n exit_point->ReturnCallStub(\n Builtins::CallableFor(isolate(), Builtin::kLoadIC_NoFeedback),\n p->context(), p->receiver(), p->name(),\n SmiConstant(FeedbackSlotKind::kLoadProperty));\n }\n ...\n }\n \n\nAfter feedback is collected, the bytecode handler will try to look for a cached optimized property handler that is suitable for accessing the property of the current input:\n \n \n void AccessorAssembler::LoadIC_BytecodeHandler(const LazyLoadICParameters* p,\n ExitPoint* exit_point) {\n ...\n // Inlined fast path.\n {\n Comment(\"LoadIC_BytecodeHandler_fast\");\n \n TVARIABLE(MaybeObject, var_handler);\n Label try_polymorphic(this), if_handler(this, &var_handler);\n \n TNode<MaybeObject> feedback = TryMonomorphicCase( //<-------- Look for cached handler\n p->slot(), CAST(p->vector()), lookup_start_object_map, &if_handler,\n &var_handler, &try_polymorphic);\n \n BIND(&if_handler); //<--------- handler found\n HandleLoadICHandlerCase(p, CAST(var_handler.value()), &miss, exit_point); //<------- try to use optimized handler\n ...\n }\n }\n \n\nIf a handler is found, then it&#x27;s used to optimize the property access. If the handler is not found, or for some reason, the object fails certain checks, then a cache miss happens, and the function falls back to the slow path (bailout).\n\n### **Caching and using property access handler**[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#caching-and-using-property-access-handler>)\n\nWhen a cache miss happens, for example, because there is not enough feedback or because the object has a previously unknown `map`, various `*IC_Miss` runtime functions can be called to handle the case. In the case of a load, the `[LoadIC_Miss](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/ic/ic.cc;l=2688;drc=242da5037807dde3daf097ba74f875db83b8b613>)` function is called:\n \n \n RUNTIME_FUNCTION(Runtime_LoadIC_Miss) {\n ...\n FeedbackSlotKind kind = vector->GetKind(vector_slot);\n if (IsLoadICKind(kind)) {\n LoadIC ic(isolate, vector, vector_slot, kind);\n ...\n RETURN_RESULT_OR_FAILURE(isolate, ic.Load(receiver, key));\n \n } ...\n \n\nIn this case, a `[LoadIC](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/ic/ic.h;drc=49ce0f669d3e54b41b29cd8ad6213e28cf8fa8bc;l=181>)` object is created, and its `[Load](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/ic/ic.cc;l=415>)` method is called. The `LoadIC::Load` method does not just bail out at runtime to perform the actual property load, but it also creates and caches a new optimized handler for when this case is next encountered. Apart from the `map` of the object, various properties of the object are used to create the handler.\n \n \n MaybeHandle<Object> LoadIC::Load(Handle<Object> object, Handle<Name> name,\n bool update_feedback,\n Handle<Object> receiver) {\n ...\n PropertyKey key(isolate(), name);\n LookupIterator it = LookupIterator(isolate(), receiver, key, object);\n ...\n if (it.IsFound() || !ShouldThrowReferenceError()) {\n // Update inline cache and stub cache.\n if (use_ic) {\n UpdateCaches(&it); //<--------- update inline cache\n } ...\n }...\n \n\n`UpdateCaches` then calls `[ComputeHandler](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/ic/ic.cc;l=932>)` to create a new handler and update the inline cache when appropriate.\n \n \n Handle<Object> LoadIC::ComputeHandler(LookupIterator* lookup) {\n ...\n case LookupIterator::ACCESSOR: {\n Handle<JSObject> holder = lookup->GetHolder<JSObject>();\n ...\n FieldIndex field_index;\n if (Accessors::IsJSObjectFieldAccessor(isolate(), map, lookup->name(),\n &field_index)) {\n TRACE_HANDLER_STATS(isolate(), LoadIC_LoadFieldDH);\n return LoadHandler::LoadField(isolate(), field_index); //<-- Creates new handler\n }\n ...\n }\n ...\n }\n \n\n`ComputeHandler` uses the type of the property accessor (for example, simple data property, property defined by getter and setter, etc.), which is determined by the object `map` (and property name, which is fixed for the `GetNamedProperty` operation), to determine how to create the handler, and there may be further subcases within each case. For example, in the above, if the property is defined via a getter and setter pair (`ACCESSOR` case), and accesses the `length` property of either `Array` or `String` (which is what `[IsJSObjectFieldAccessor](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/builtins/accessors.cc;drc=cfcdde121f7532b2fa28a2997722374169b7d46f;l=67>)` is checking), then `LoadHandler::LoadField` will return a handler of the kind `kField`, with the `field_index`, which is the offset of the field, encoded in the handler.\n\nWhen the JavaScript function is run again, the `[AccessorAssembler::LoadIC](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/ic/accessor-assembler.cc;l=3068>)` function is called when the bytecode `GetNameProperty` is handled by `[LoadIC_BytecodeHandler](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/c4430196c7c0ca1445dc48151912e659c80fc913:v8/src/ic/accessor-assembler.cc;drc=242da5037807dde3daf097ba74f875db83b8b613;l=2992>)`. This first looks for a cached handler using `[TryMonomorphicCase](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/ic/accessor-assembler.cc;l=3086>)`. In this simple case, if the variable is of type `Array` or `String`, the handler created from before is found and applied using `[HandleLoadICSmiHandlerLoadNamedCase](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/ic/accessor-assembler.cc;l=633>)`:\n \n \n void AccessorAssembler::HandleLoadICSmiHandlerLoadNamedCase(\n const LazyLoadICParameters* p, TNode<Object> holder,\n TNode<IntPtrT> handler_kind, TNode<WordT> handler_word, Label* rebox_double,\n TVariable<Float64T>* var_double_value, TNode<Object> handler, Label* miss,\n ExitPoint* exit_point, ICMode ic_mode, OnNonExistent on_nonexistent,\n ElementSupport support_elements) {\n ...\n \n GotoIf(WordEqual(handler_kind, LOAD_KIND(kField)), &field);\n ...\n BIND(&field);\n {\n ...\n HandleLoadField(CAST(holder), handler_word, var_double_value, rebox_double,\n miss, exit_point); //<----- loads the field from an offset encoded in `handler_word`\n ...\n } \n ...\n }\n \n\nIn this case, the handler (`handler_word`) is of the kind `kField` with the field offset encoded in it. The `HandleLoadField` then loads the field from the field offset directly, removing the need to load and call the getter.\n\nWhile the inline cache optimizes property accesses, care must be taken to ensure that the assumptions made when the handler is created remain valid when the handler is used in the case of a cache match.\n\n## JavaScript inheritance 101[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#javascript-inheritance-101>)\n\nThe vulnerability is in the handling of `super` property accesses in the inline cache. In this section, I&#x27;ll briefly explain the concept of the `super` property in JavaScript.\n\nReaders who are familiar with other object oriented languages, such as Java and C++, may be surprised by how the `super` property works in JavaScript. Instead of accessing properties in the parent class, like in Java and C++:\n \n \n class A {\n int foo = 1;\n }\n \n class B extends A {\n public B() {\n super();\n super.foo; //<---- 1\n }\n }\n \n\nThe same code in JavaScript results in `super.foo` being undefined:\n \n \n class A {\n foo = 1;\n }\n \n class B extends A {\n constructor() {\n super();\n super.foo; //<------ undefined\n }\n }\n \n\nFor data properties, `super.foo` behaves similarly to `this.foo` and returns `undefined` unless the field is also defined explicitly on the object that calls `super.foo` (Readers who are in for a headache, can follow the discussions [here](<https://github.com/tc39/proposal-class-fields/issues/266>)). For property accessors (that is, properties, defined via getter and setter), however, the behavior is more consistent with other languages, in that the accessor defined in the parent class is called, with the `this` object being the calling object (receiver):\n \n \n class A {\n get prop() {\n return this.a;\n }\n }\n \n class B extends A {\n constructor() {\n super();\n this.a = 'B';\n }\n m() {\n return super.prop;\n }\n }\n \n var b = new B();\n b.m(); //<------ 'B'\n \n\nAs JavaScript classes are really defined via prototypes, all of the above can equally be done via prototype:\n \n \n class B {\n m() {\n return super.prop;\n }\n }\n \n B.prototype.__proto__ = {get prop() {return this.x}};\n \n var b = new B();\n b.x = 1;\n b.m() //<-------- 1\n \n\nIn `B.prototype.__proto__` above, `B` is treated as the constructor of the class `B`. The field `prototype` of a function, when treated as a constructor, is the prototype of the object that this constructor is going to create:\n \n \n %DebugPrint(B.prototype);\n DebugPrint: 0x1c120004af39: [JS_OBJECT_TYPE]\n - map: 0x1c1200207d29 <Map(HOLEY_ELEMENTS)> [FastProperties]\n - prototype: 0x1c12001c4281 <Object map = 0x1c12002021e9>\n - elements: 0x1c1200002261 <FixedArray[0]> [HOLEY_ELEMENTS]\n - properties: 0x1c120004afb9 <PropertyArray[2]>\n - All own properties (excluding elements): {\n 0x1c1200004619: [String] in ReadOnlySpace: #constructor: 0x1c120004aefd <JSFunction B (sfi = 0x1c12001d374d)> (const data field 0), location: properties[0]\n 0x1c12001d3669: [String] in OldSpace: #m: 0x1c120004af1d <JSFunction m (sfi = 0x1c12001d3781)> (const data field 1), location: properties[1]\n }\n \n\nThis shows that the prototype of the object created by using `B` as a constructor has the `constructor` field as the function `B` and a method `m`, which is an object defined by class `B`. This prototype is, of course, just a JavaScript object, which means it can also have a prototype of its own. This is specified by the `__proto__` field. This prototype type (`B.prototype.__proto__`) now specifies a class inheritance. An object created by calling the constructor `B` now inherits the _data properties_ and methods in `B.prototype.__proto__`. This is similar to saying that `B.prototype.__proto__` is the template of an object in the parent class of `B`. This can be seen via the class inheritance syntax:\n \n \n class A {\n get prop() {\n return this.a;\n }\n }\n \n class B extends A {\n }\n \n %DebugPrint(B.prototype.__proto__)\n \n\nThe above gives this output in V8:\n \n \n DebugPrint: 0x24750004adf1: [JS_OBJECT_TYPE]\n ...\n - All own properties (excluding elements): {\n prop: 0x2475001d3a85 <AccessorPair> (accessor, dict_index: 2, attrs: [W_C])\n constructor: 0x24750004adb5 <JSFunction A (sfi = 0x2475001d3745)> (data, dict_index: 1, attrs: [W_C])\n }\n \n\nThis shows that `B.prototype.__proto__` is an object created by the constructor of class `A`. The main difference between using the class syntax and the prototype syntax is that, with the prototype syntax, a concrete object can now be supplied as the parent class object template, which means that it is possible to access data properties of the `B.prototype.__proto__` object as `super` properties:\n \n \n class B {\n m() {\n return super.prop;\n }\n }\n \n B.prototype.__proto__ = {prop : 1};\n \n var b = new B();\n b.m() //<-------- 1\n \n\nNot only that, it is even possible to have an object and its parent class object have different JavaScript types:\n \n \n class B {\n m() {\n return super.length;\n }\n }\n \n var b = new B();\n B.prototype.__proto__ = new Int8Array(1);\n b.m(); //<---- throw TypeError\n \n\nThe above code throws a `TypeError` when the accessor to `length` from `TypedArray` (`Int8Array`) is called on the object `B`, which is of `JS_OBJECT_TYPE`, instead of `JS_TYPED_ARRAY_TYPE`, so a `TypeError` is thrown when the accessor is applied to the object `b`, which is of the wrong type. In this case, it is important that the type check is performed, as the `length` accessor of `TypedArray` assumes the object has the layout of a `TypedArray` and would cause type confusion if it operates on an object of different type (for example, `JS_OBJECT`). This point is important to our vulnerability.\n\n## The SuperIC trilogy[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#the-superic-trilogy>)\n\nThe super inline cache (SuperIC) is the inline cache used for [super property](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/super>) accesses. The relevant bytecode is `GetNamedPropertyFromSuper` that is handled as [follows](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/c4430196c7c0ca1445dc48151912e659c80fc913:v8/src/interpreter/interpreter-generator.cc;l=558>):\n \n \n IGNITION_HANDLER(GetNamedPropertyFromSuper, InterpreterAssembler) {\n ...\n TNode<Object> result =\n CallBuiltin(Builtin::kLoadSuperIC, context, receiver,\n home_object_prototype, name, slot, feedback_vector);\n SetAccumulator(result);\n Dispatch();\n }\n \n\nPerhaps predictably, it is handled by the `[LoadSuperIC](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/c4430196c7c0ca1445dc48151912e659c80fc913:v8/src/ic/accessor-assembler.cc;l=3127;drc=242da5037807dde3daf097ba74f875db83b8b613>)` function. The function follows a very similar flow to the `LoadIC` function described in the section [&quot;Caching and using property access handler&quot;.](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#cachingandusingpropertyaccesshandler>) One level of complication introduced by super property is that the property is now defined not on the receiver (`this`) object, but rather, on the parent prototype. As such, the assumptions about object types and maps should be examined not only in the receiver object, but also the parent prototype, because as we have seen, these objects can have different types. In the inline cache code, this is specified by adding a `lookup_start_object` parameter:\n \n \n void AccessorAssembler::LoadSuperIC(const LoadICParameters* p) {\n ...\n TNode<Map> lookup_start_object_map =\n LoadReceiverMap(p->lookup_start_object());\n ...\n \n\nIn the V8 code, the object where the property access is called (where `this` refers to) is referred to as the `receiver` or `home_object`. The confusion between this `lookup_start_object` and `receiver` has led to multiple vulnerabilities in the past. The first bug of this type was [CVE-2021-30517](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1203122>) reported by laural. As this bug introduces some concepts and techniques that are useful to understand the other bugs, I&#x27;ll explain it in a bit more detail here.\n\nThe vulnerability happened when a specific type of handler, the `call_handler` is found during a cache lookup:\n \n \n void AccessorAssembler::HandleLoadICHandlerCase(\n const LazyLoadICParameters* p, TNode<Object> handler, Label* miss,\n ExitPoint* exit_point, ICMode ic_mode, OnNonExistent on_nonexistent,\n ElementSupport support_elements, LoadAccessMode access_mode) {\n ...\n \n BIND(&call_handler);\n {\n exit_point->ReturnCallStub(LoadWithVectorDescriptor{}, CAST(handler),\n p->context(), p->receiver(), p->name(), //<------- receiver used in the call.\n p->slot(), p->vector());\n }\n }\n \n\nIn the case of SuperIC, the `lookup_start_object` should have been used as an argument to the call, but instead, the `receiver` was used, causing a function to be called on an object of the wrong type. The `call_handler` is a special handler that is only applicable to objects of type `String` and `Function`:\n \n \n Handle<Object> LoadIC::ComputeHandler(LookupIterator* lookup) {\n Handle<Object> receiver = lookup->GetReceiver();\n ...\n if (!IsAnyHas() && !lookup->IsElement()) {\n if (receiver->IsString() && *lookup->name() == roots.length_string()) {\n TRACE_HANDLER_STATS(isolate(), LoadIC_StringLength);\n return BUILTIN_CODE(isolate(), LoadIC_StringLength);\n }\n ...\n // Use specialized code for getting prototype of functions.\n if (receiver->IsJSFunction() &&\n *lookup->name() == roots.prototype_string() &&\n !JSFunction::cast(*receiver).PrototypeRequiresRuntimeLookup()) {\n TRACE_HANDLER_STATS(isolate(), LoadIC_FunctionPrototypeStub);\n return BUILTIN_CODE(isolate(), LoadIC_FunctionPrototype);\n }\n }\n \n\nWhen the `length` property of a `String` or the `prototype` property of a `JSFunction` is accessed, the inline cache will create a `call_handler` using `BUILTIN_CODE` in the above to encode the C++ function that needs to be called to access these properties. As this is a low-level function, it assumes the object is of the correct type with the correct memory layout, and it is therefore important to check the type of the object before calling the function. In the case of SuperIC, this is done by using the `map` of the `lookup_start_object` to determine a cache match. This ensures that `lookup_start_object` has the correct type to be used by the `call_handler`. However, in the problematic code, `receiver` is used instead for the call, which could have any object type. This causes the type confusion:\n \n \n class C {\n m() {\n super.prototype\n }\n }\n function f() {}\n C.prototype.__proto__ = f //<------ lookup_start_object => f: mathces handler for function type\n let c = new C();\n c.m(); //<----------- receiver => c, calling Function::prototype on c, which is a JS_OBJECT\n \n\nWhile this is the root cause of the problem, a closer look at `ComputeHandler` shows a potential problem in triggering the bug:\n \n \n Handle<Object> LoadIC::ComputeHandler(LookupIterator* lookup) {\n Handle<Object> receiver = lookup->GetReceiver();\n ...\n if (!IsAnyHas() && !lookup->IsElement()) {\n ...\n if (receiver->IsString() && *lookup->name() == roots.length_string()) {\n TRACE_HANDLER_STATS(isolate(), LoadIC_StringLength);\n return BUILTIN_CODE(isolate(), LoadIC_StringLength);\n }\n ...\n }\n \n\nAlthough the `call_handler` is called using the `receiver`, it is also the type of the `receiver` that was checked when the `call_handler` is created for the `super.prototype` operation. As the function that calls `super.prototype` would have to be defined in the definition of a class, it seems that the type of `receiver` cannot (object referred to by `this` in the function) change either. So it looks like the `receiver` would have to be of the correct type despite the mistake. To trigger the bug, we need to go beyond the simple case of the monomorphic inline cache.\n\n### **Megamorphic inline cache**[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#megamorphic-inline-cache>)\n\nAlthough in the simplest case, each function has its own inline cache for each property access, it is possible for different functions to share an inline cache. The inline cache can go through a transition and become megamorphic if it receives too many different object maps:\n \n \n function f(a) {\n return a.x;\n }\n \n\nIn the above, if the argument `a` always has the same `map`, then the inline cache will be monomorphic and can only handle receivers with the specific `map`. When objects of different maps are passed to `a`, the inline cache transitions into a polymorphic inline cache and is capable of handling multiple maps. However, there is a limit on the number of maps that a polymorphic cache can handle. If the number of different maps continues to increase, then the inline cache transitions into a megamorphic inline cache. In this case, the inline cache is shared by different functions and handlers created in one function can be used by another (if both are using the megamorphic cache). For example, in the following:\n \n \n function main() {\n function f() {}\n class A {\n m() {\n return super.prototype;\n }\n };\n A.prototype.__proto__ = f;\n f.prototype;\n let a = new A();\n a.m();\n }\n \n\nEverytime `main` is run, a new `map` is created for the class `A` (because it treats the class definition as new), and everytime `f` is assigned to `A.prototype.__proto__`, a new `map` is also assigned to `f` (because it becomes a prototype). For each call to `main`, the code `f.prototype` in `main` and `super.prototype` in `m` are both accessing properties of objects with a different `map`, so eventually, both of these accesses will use the megamorphic inline cache. When this happens, `super.prototype` will end up using the handler created by `f.prototype`:\n \n \n function main() {\n ...\n A.prototype.__proto__ = f;\n f.prototype; //<------ create handler for map of f in megamorphic cache\n let a = new A();\n a.m(); //<------ calls super.prototype, lookup_start_object is f,\n // so the handler created by f.prototype will be used\n // but `a` (receiver) will be used by the handler\n }\n \n\nBy using the megamorphic inline cache, the mistake made in passing the receiver, instead of `lookup_start_object` to the `call_handler` can be exploited to cause type confusion.\n\nIn October 2021, another bug, [CVE-2021-38001](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1260577>) that confused `receiver` and `lookup_start_object` was used in the Tianfu Cup competition by Qixun Zhao to cause remote code execution in Chrome. I&#x27;ll refer readers to the bug ticket for more details.\n\n### **The vulnerability**[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#the-vulnerability>)\n\nThis brings us to the current vulnerability, which is the third bug of this kind in SuperIC. This bug occurs in the property accessor case. When a handler is created for a property accessor:\n \n \n Handle<Object> LoadIC::ComputeHandler(LookupIterator* lookup) {\n ...\n case LookupIterator::ACCESSOR: {\n ...\n CallOptimization call_optimization(isolate(), getter);\n if (call_optimization.is_simple_api_call()) { //<--------- 1.\n CallOptimization::HolderLookup holder_lookup;\n Handle<JSObject> api_holder =\n call_optimization.LookupHolderOfExpectedType(isolate(), map, //<----- 2.\n &holder_lookup);\n \n if (!call_optimization.IsCompatibleReceiverMap(api_holder, holder, //<----- 3.\n holder_lookup) ||\n !holder->HasFastProperties()) {\n TRACE_HANDLER_STATS(isolate(), LoadIC_SlowStub);\n return LoadHandler::LoadSlow(isolate());\n }\n \n smi_handler = LoadHandler::LoadApiGetter(\n isolate(), holder_lookup == CallOptimization::kHolderIsReceiver);\n ...\n \n\nIf the `getter` of the property is a `simple_api_call` (check, for 1.), two further checks in 2. and 3. will be done to ensure that `map` is of the appropriate type for `getter` to use. A `simple_api_call` is a way to let V8 use C++ functions defined externally when it is used as an [embedded](<https://v8.dev/docs/embed>) application.\n\nIn Chrome, V8 is not used as a standalone application but rather used as an [embedded](<https://v8.dev/docs/embed>) application in [Blink](<https://www.chromium.org/blink/>) (the rendering engine) and [PDFium](<https://pdfium.googlesource.com/pdfium/+/master/README.md>) (used for viewing PDF files). The interactions between V8 and its embedder (Blink, PDFium, etc.) are handled via the [V8](<https://v8.dev/docs/embed#advanced-guide>)API. On the one hand, the V8 API allows the embedder to access V8 objects and functionalities, while on the other hand, it also allows functions defined in the embedder to be called from V8. The latter functionality is provided by API calls and is used extensively in Blink to create JavaScript objects whose implementations are defined in Blink. I&#x27;ll explain this in more detail later, but in essence, a `simple_api_call` can be thought of as a C++ function defined in the embedder that receives V8 objects as inputs. A `simple_api_call` expects its argument to have a certain memory layout, determined by the V8 object type, and it is important that V8 objects of the correct types are used when calling the function (C++ typing cannot distinguish different V8 object types, and under the hood, a `simple_api_call` simply casts a V8 object to the desired type). This is what the checks in 2. and 3. are about. The only problem is that they are checking the wrong `map`. The `map` being checked is the `map` of the `[lookup_start_object](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/dd1159653baab787bc341ddbf42af5aeab3c1634:v8/src/ic/ic.cc;drc=0e62a0d65e3d7f5c9d968adeae7c478c9434a940;l=962>)`:\n \n \n Handle<Object> LoadIC::ComputeHandler(LookupIterator* lookup) {\n ...\n Handle<Map> map = lookup_start_object_map();\n ...\n case LookupIterator::ACCESSOR: {\n \n\nHowever, recall that when a `super` accessor is called, the `receiver`, instead of the object where the accessor is defined, is used for the call:\n \n \n class B {\n m() {\n return super.prop;\n }\n }\n \n var b = new B();\n var a = {get prop() {return this.x}, x : 'A'};\n b.x = 'B';\n \n B.prototype.__proto__ = A;\n \n b.m() //<-------- 'B'\n \n\nThe above would give `B` instead of `A`. This can be confirmed from how the API[ is called](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:v8/src/ic/accessor-assembler.cc;l=285>):\n \n \n void AccessorAssembler::HandleLoadAccessor(\n const LazyLoadICParameters* p, TNode<CallHandlerInfo> call_handler_info,\n TNode<WordT> handler_word, TNode<DataHandler> handler,\n TNode<IntPtrT> handler_kind, ExitPoint* exit_point) {\n ...\n BIND(&load);\n TNode<IntPtrT> argc = IntPtrConstant(0);\n exit_point->Return(CallApiCallback(context, callback, argc, data,\n api_holder.value(), p->receiver())); //<------- receiver is used to call the api\n }\n \n\nI hope I explained this well enough, but if you find this confusing, you&#x27;re not alone. The situation is actually confusing enough that the initial patch, proposed by the developer, [had to be reverted](<https://chromium.googlesource.com/v8/v8/+/96c5daaea685c72abbc20b8083f6e40c87cabccd>).\n\n## **Interactions between V8 and Blink**[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#interactions-between-v8-and-blink>)\n\nIn Chrome, Blink is responsible for implementing the [Web API](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API>), which contains objects that are needed to render web pages but are not part of standard JavaScript objects (for example, the DOM window). While the functionalities of these objects and interfaces are implemented in Blink, they are often accessible as JavaScript objects. In this section, I&#x27;ll describe how Blink objects are represented in V8 and how V8 can use functions implemented in Blink.\n\nTake the `[DOMRectReadOnly](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMRectReadOnly>)` object for example. This is a simple object with some data fields, `x`, `y`, `height`, `width`, `top`, `right`, `bottom,` and `left` specifying the dimensions of a rectangle. It is defined in `[third_party/blink/renderer/core/geometry/dom_rect_read_only.h](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:third_party/blink/renderer/core/geometry/dom_rect_read_only.h>)`, with simple implementations for accessing these fields:\n \n \n class CORE_EXPORT DOMRectReadOnly : public ScriptWrappable {\n DEFINE_WRAPPERTYPEINFO();\n \n public:\n static DOMRectReadOnly* Create(double x,\n double y,\n double width,\n double height);\n ...\n \n double x() const { return x_; }\n ...\n protected:\n double x_;\n ...\n };\n \n\nWhen a `DOMRectReadOnly` object is created in JavaScript, two objects are created. First the Blink function `DOMRectReadOnly::Create` is called to create a `DOMRectReadOnly` object in Blink. This object is then wrapped in V8 as a `JS_API_OBJECT`, which has the following memory layout:\n\n\n\nThe important parts are the pointers at `0xc` and `0x10`. The first one is a pointer to the static `wrapper_type_info_` field defined in `[DOMRectReadOnly](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:third_party/blink/renderer/core/geometry/dom_rect.h:21>)`, which specifies the type of the Blink object that is wrapped. The second is the pointer at `0x10`, which points to the `DOMRectReadOnly` object created in Blink.\n\nOn the other hand, a Blink object that can be accessed from V8 inherits from the base class `[ScriptWrappable](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/platform/bindings/script_wrappable.h;l=53>)`. This class contains the field `[ScriptWrappable::main_world_wrapper_](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/platform/bindings/script_wrappable.h;l=157>)` which provides a link back to the V8 object that wraps this Blink object.\n\n\n\nWhen a property or a method in the Blink object is accessed from JavaScript, generated code implemented in `gen/third_party/blink/bindings/*` is used to invoke the appropriate function implemented in Blink. For `DOMRectReadOnly`, the implementation is in `gen/third_party/blink/renderer/bindings/core/v8/v8_dom_rect_read_only.cc`. (The naming conventions of these files are `v8_<blink class name in snake case>`). For example, when the property `x` is read, the `XAttributeGetCallback` is used as the `getter` for the property `x`:\n \n \n void XAttributeGetCallback(const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {\n ...\n v8::Local<v8::Object> v8_receiver = info.This();\n DOMRectReadOnly* blink_receiver =\n V8DOMRectReadOnly::ToWrappableUnsafe(v8_receiver); //<-------- 1.\n auto&& return_value = blink_receiver->x(); //<-------- 2.\n bindings::V8SetReturnValue(info, return_value,\n bindings::V8ReturnValue::PrimitiveType<double>());\n }\n \n\nIn the above, `v8_receiver` is the V8 object that wraps the Blink `DOMRectReadOnly` object. When `V8DOMRectReadOnly::ToWrappableUnsafe` is called, it checks that the V8 object represented by `v8_receiver` is either a `JS_OBJECT`, a `JS_API_OBJECT` or a `JS_SPECIAL_API_OBJECT` using the `[CanHaveInternalField](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/170ad143c610338c831676883be565fff8c71bb3:v8/src/api/api.cc;l=3838>)` check and then returns the pointer at `0x10` as the `blink_receiver` and casts it into a `DOMRectReadOnly` pointer (1. in the above). The function `[DOMRectReadOnly::x](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/af93b3d584c22547ae5d6c49c56df07f2f7a2ca5:third_party/blink/renderer/core/geometry/dom_rect_read_only.h;l=34>)` is then used to retrieve `x` as a double value (2. in the above).\n\nNormally, when calling an API function, like the above, a [check](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/334c8a70297520a868e1a4aa4f48bb157e1ce6d3:v8/src/builtins/builtins-api.cc;l=94>) is performed in `[HandleApiCallHelper](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/334c8a70297520a868e1a4aa4f48bb157e1ce6d3:v8/src/builtins/builtins-api.cc;l=51>)` to ensure that the function is called with a `v8_receiver` wrapping a Blink object of the correct type. However, the type confusion in [&quot;the vulnerability&quot;](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#thevulnerability>) allows me to bypass this and call a Blink `getter` on an arbitrary type of Blink object. This is a very strong primitive.\n\nNote that, because of the type check that is in place in `HandleApiCallHelper`, a super property access using API calls will throw a `TypeError` if the `receiver` is not of the type expected by the `getter`:\n \n \n class B {\n m() {\n return super.x;\n }\n }\n B.prototype.__proto__ = new DOMRectReadOnly(1, 1, 1, 1);\n let b = new B();\n b.m(); //<---- throws TypeError: Illegal invocation\n \n\nTo avoid the type error being thrown while creating the inline cache, the megamorphic cache (see section [Megamorphic inline cache](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#megamorphicinlinecache>)) is used to construct the inline cache in a different function:\n \n \n class B {\n m() {\n return super.x;\n }\n }\n \n function main() {\n var domRect = new DOMRect(1, 1, 1, 1);\n domRect['a' + i] = 1;\n if (i < 20 - 1) {\n B.prototype.__proto__ = {}; //<----- sets to `{}` to avoid throw before triggering bug.\n } else {\n B.prototype.__proto__ = domRect; //<----- triggers the bug after inline cache is created.\n }\n let b = new B();\n \n b.x0 = 0x40404040;\n b.x1 = 0x41414141;\n b.x2 = 0x42424242;\n b.x3 = 0x43434343;\n domRect.x; //<------ create inline cache\n b.m(); //<------ use inline cache, type confusion on i == 20\n } \n \n for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) main(i);\n \n\nThis is the basic template for triggering the bug (although I later discovered that putting a `try` block around `super.x` also works without the need to use a megamorphic inline cache).\n\n## Exploiting the bug[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#exploiting-the-bug>)\n\nNow that the primitives are clear, exploiting the bug is mostly down to finding Blink objects with the appropriate memory layout to exploit the type confusion. In what follows, I&#x27;ll break down the exploit into three parts:\n\n 1. Construct an arbitrary read primitive that allows me to read from any address.\n 2. Leak the address of a particular V8 object. As the V8 heap is a simple linear heap, having the address of a particular V8 object allows me to also calculate the addresses of objects allocated after it. The read primitive constructed in step one can then be used to read the data in these objects. In particular, I can use it to leak addresses of object maps and addresses of `Array` backing stores.\n 3. Construct the `fakeObj` primitive to fake an arbitrary V8 object. This can then be used to construct a fake `Array` with `length` larger than the size of its backing store to achieve out-of-bounds (OOB) read and write.\n\nOnce I&#x27;ve achieved these primitives, achieving remote code execution is fairly standard.\n\n### Gaining arbitrary read primitive[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#gaining-arbitrary-read-primitive>)\n\nTo achieve arbitrary read, I&#x27;ll use `[DeviceMotionEvent](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/334c8a70297520a868e1a4aa4f48bb157e1ce6d3:third_party/blink/renderer/modules/device_orientation/device_motion_event.h>)`. Its member `interval` is accessed using the `[interval](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/334c8a70297520a868e1a4aa4f48bb157e1ce6d3:third_party/blink/renderer/modules/device_orientation/device_motion_event.cc;l=63>)` function:\n \n \n class DeviceMotionEvent final : public Event {\n DEFINE_WRAPPERTYPEINFO();\n \n public:\n double DeviceMotionEvent::interval() const {\n //reads the field `interval_` from `device_motion_data_`\n return device_motion_data_->Interval();\n }\n \n ...\n private:\n Member<const DeviceMotionData> device_motion_data_;\n }\n \n class MODULES_EXPORT DeviceMotionData final\n : public GarbageCollected<DeviceMotionData> {\n public:\n ...\n double Interval() const { return interval_; }\n ...\n private:\n ...\n double interval_;\n };\n \n\nThis reads the value of `interval_` from an offset of the address of the `DeviceMotionEvent::device_motion_data_` field. So by using the type confusion to apply `interval` to another Blink object, whose field at the offset of `device_motion_data_` can be controlled, I can read data from an arbitrary address. There are various objects in Blink that are essentially data objects, such as the `DOMRect` that we encountered before, as well as the `[DOMMatrix](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMMatrix>)`, which consists of sixteen contiguous `double` fields (`m11, ..., m44`). These are ideal objects to use here:\n\n\n\nBy using the type confusion to call `DeviceMotionEvent::interval` on `DOMMatrix`, it is then possible to read 8 bytes at an arbitrary address and returns the result as a `double`.\n\n### **Getting object address**[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#getting-object-address>)\n\nTo get the address of a V8 object, I&#x27;ll use the `[ImageData](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/core/html/canvas/image_data.h;l=51>)` object. This object can be created with a `[Uint8ClampedArray](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8ClampedArray>)` as its backing store.\n \n \n var imgData = new Uint8ClampedArray(48);\n var img = new ImageData(imgData, 8, 6);\n \n\nThe `imgData` `Uint8ClampedArray` that is passed to the constructor is stored as a pointer to a `DOMUint8ClampedArray` in the field `[ImageData::data_u8_](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/core/html/canvas/image_data.h;l=224>)`. A `DOMUint8ClampedArray` is the Blink representation of a `Uint8ClampedArray` in V8. In particular, as explained in the section [Interactions between V8 and Blink](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#v8blink>), it is a `ScriptWrappable` object that contains a `main_world_wrapper_` field that can be used to retrieve the address of the `Uint8ClampedArray` (`imgData`) in V8.\n\nThe value of the `data_u8_` field (that points to a `DOMUint8ClampedArray`) can be read using a type confusion between a `DOMMatrix` with `ImageData` and then reading the appropriate field in `DOMMatrix` back as a `double`:\n\n\n\nOnce the value of `data_u8_` is obtained, the arbitrary read primitive I constructed before can be used multiple times to first read `data_u8_->main_world_wrapper_`, which is a location that contains the address of the `imgData` V8 object. The arbitrary read primitive can then be applied again to read the address of `imgData` in V8 from this location. This then gives the full address of the `imgData` V8 `Uint8ClampedArray` object. As V8 allocates objects in a linear fashion, addresses of objects that are allocated after `imgData` can also be computed from the address of `imgData`.\n\n### Creating arbitrary fake object[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#creating-arbitrary-fake-object>)\n\nWhile getting an information leak from a `getter` is easy, one may wonder how to turn this primitive into one that also allows arbitrary write. The answer is to cause type confusion in the object returned by the `getter`. Many Blink objects have properties that are JavaScript objects. For example, `[Request](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/core/fetch/request.h>)` has a `[signal](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/core/fetch/request.h;l=84>)` property that returns the member `[signal_](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/core/fetch/request.h;l=120>)` as a JavaScript object when the property accessor in `gen/third_party/blink/nderer/bindings/core/v8/v8_request.cc` is called:\n \n \n void SignalAttributeGetCallback(\n const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& info) {\n RUNTIME_CALL_TIMER_SCOPE_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT(info.GetIsolate(),\n \"Blink_Request_signal_Getter\");\n BLINK_BINDINGS_TRACE_EVENT(\"Request.signal.get\");\n \n v8::Local<v8::Object> v8_receiver = info.This();\n Request* blink_receiver = V8Request::ToWrappableUnsafe(v8_receiver);\n auto&& return_value = blink_receiver->signal();\n bindings::V8SetReturnValue(info, return_value, blink_receiver);\n }\n \n\nIn the above, the `return_value` object returned from `blink_receiver->signal()` is a `ScriptWrappable` object (an `AbortSignal` to be precise) that gets returned as a V8 object using the `bindings::V8SetReturnValue` function. This function returns the address of the V8 object located in its `main_world_wrapper_` field. In order to create a fake JavaScript object as the return value, I can use a type confusion between `Request` and `[AudioData](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/modules/webcodecs/audio_data.h>)`. An `AudioData` object has a `[timestamp_](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/modules/webcodecs/audio_data.h;l=67>)` field that is at the same offset as the `signal_` property of `Request` and can be set to an arbitrary `int64_t` value when creating the `AudioData`. The type confusion will cause the memory at the address represented by `timestamp_` to be interpreted as the `ScriptWrappable` object `return_value`. By specifying `timestamp_` to the address of some data that I can control, I can create a fake `return_value` object.\n\nTo do so, I first create some JavaScript objects in the following order:\n \n \n var imgDataStore = new ArrayBuffer(48)\n var imgData = new Uint8ClampedArray(imgDataStore);\n var doubleArr = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5];\n var objArr = [imgData];\n var img = new ImageData(imgData, 8, 6);\n \n\nRecall that in [&quot;Getting object address&quot;](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#objectaddress>). I obtained the address of the `DOMUint8ClampedArray` that backs `img` as the `[data_u8_](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/core/html/canvas/image_data.h;l=224>)` field of `img`. As a `DOMUint8ClampedArray` stores a pointer to its backing store in the field `[raw_base_address_](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/a9048e03fba5ba168b4b84d5c96f9b11e24505fe:third_party/blink/renderer/core/typed_arrays/dom_array_buffer_view.h;l=143;drc=edd35d72b5ae24aab2f4829e2030e6e6ab7b7980>)` at offset 0x10, I can now use the type confusion between `AudioData` and `Request`, and then set `timestamp_` of `AudioData` to the value of `data_u8_ + 0x8`. This causes `data_u8_ + 0x8` to be interpreted as a pointer to a `ScriptWrappble` (`AbortSignal`) object and to be used as the return value for `blink_receiver->signal()`. This means that the `raw_base_address_` field of the `DOMUint8ClampedArray` (offset 0x10) is interpreted as the `main_world_wrapper_` (offset 0x8) of `return_value` from `blink_receiver->signal()`:\n\n\n\nThe first 8 bytes of `imgData` are now interpreted as the address of the V8 object that gets returned from the `Request::signal` JavaScript call. By setting it to an address with data that I control, I can use this to create a fake V8 object.\n\nTo fake this V8 object, I&#x27;ll use the element store of the array `doubleArr`. As explained in the section &quot;Trick #1: Use ArrayLiterals for Information&quot; of [Exploiting CVE-2021-21225 and disabling W^X](<https://tiszka.com/blog/CVE_2021_21225_exploit.html>) by Brendon Tiszka, the elements in a small `Array` are inlined and either placed immediately before or after the `Array`, depending on elements type. The offset to the inlined elements can be found easily using `%DebugPrint`:\n \n \n var doubleArr = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5];\n %DebugPrint(doubleArr)\n DebugPrint: 0x20870004c869: [JSArray]\n ...\n - elements: 0x20870004c839 <FixedDoubleArray[5]> [PACKED_DOUBLE_ELEMENTS]\n ...\n \n\nThe address of the elements is stored in the field `elements`. So in our case, for example, the elements are placed at an offset of `-0x30` from the `Array` itself (`0x20870004c839 - 0x20870004c869`). By using the address of `imgData` obtained previously, the address of the `elements` can also be computed. This means that I can use `doubleArr` to create a V8 fake object and use it in the `main_world_wrapper_` of the fake `ScriptWrappable` (`AbortSignal`) object:\n\n\n\nI can then use this to obtain a fake `Array` that will give me an out-of-bounds (OOB) read and write primitive. In V8, a JavaScript `Array` has the following memory layout.\n\n\n\nA JavaScript object has its `map` as its first field. In V8, this field is used for determining the type of an object, so by putting the `map` of a double `Array` in our fake object, V8 will interpret it as a double array. By setting the `elements` field, which points to the backing store of the `Array`, to the same value as the `elements` of `doubleArr`, and then setting `length` to be a large value, I can cause the fake double `Array` that is returned from `Request::signal` to perform out-of-bounds reads and writes. Note that all the fields are of size 4 bytes. This is because all V8 addresses are stored as _compressed_ pointers. As the top 32 bits of all addresses within a V8 heap are the same, only the lower 32 bits of an address are stored. These addresses are called compressed pointers. The top 32 bits of the addresses are stored in a registry, which is then applied to the compressed addresses to obtain 64-bit addresses when dereferencing.\n\nOnce out-of-bounds read and write is achieved, gaining remote code execution is fairly standard and straightforward. Readers can consult, for example, &quot;[Exploiting CVE-2021-21225 and disabling W^X](<https://tiszka.com/blog/CVE_2021_21225_exploit.html>)&quot; by Brendon Tiszka or the &quot;Gaining code execution&quot; section of my other [article](<https://securitylab.github.com/research/in_the_wild_chrome_cve_2021_30632/>).\n\nAt this stage, gaining remote code execution consists of the following steps. Let&#x27;s call the fake object I&#x27;ve obtained the fake `signal` (which is interpreted as a double `Array` with a large length that allows me to overwrite and read any object that is placed after the variable `doubleArr`).\n\n 1. Place an `Object` `Array` after `doubleArr,`and use the OOB read primitive to read the addresses of the objects stored in this array. This allows me to obtain the address of any V8 object.\n 2. Create a `[WebAssembly.Instance](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WebAssembly/Instance>)` object, and use step one to obtain its address, then use the arbitrary address read primitive to read the pointer to the compiled `wasm` code. This will be the address of a `RWX` page that contains the code to be executed when the `main` function of the `WebAssembly.Instance` object is called. (The `[WebAssembly.Instance](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WebAssembly/Instance>)` is created in the &quot;Old space,&quot; so its address cannot be read simply by using the OOB read primitive.)\n 3. Place a `TypedArray` object after `doubleArr,` and use the OOB write primitive to overwrite its `data_ptr` field to the `RWX` page address leaked from step two.\n 4. As the `data_ptr` field of a `TypedArray` points to its backing store, writing to the `TypedArray` now overwrites the `wasm` code that will be executed by the `WebAssembly.Instance` object from step two. I can then write shell code to the `TypedArray` to achieve code execution.\n\nAs I&#x27;ve reported in my [previous article](<https://securitylab.github.com/research/in_the_wild_chrome_cve_2021_37975/>) on Linux and ChromeOS, a flag `wasm-memory-protection-keys` was introduced to protect `wasm` code region from being overwritten (see &quot;The beginning of the end of `wasm RWX`?&quot; section in that article). This, however, can be bypassed by simply overwriting the `wasm-memory-protection-keys` as I did in that article.\n\nThe exploit can be found [here](<https://github.com/github/securitylab/tree/main/SecurityExploits/Chrome/v8/CVE_2022_1134>) with some setup notes.\n\n## The four-part trilogy[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#the-four-part-trilogy>)\n\nAs functionalities in V8 are often implemented in multiple places, according to the optimization level, the same bug sometimes occurs multiple times in the different implementations. For example, the bug [CVE-2018-18359](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=907714>) reported by cyrilliu was an OOB access bug, because `[Reflect.construct](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Reflect/construct>)` assumed all constructor functions have the `prototype` field (not the same as the `prototype` field in the JavaScript object, but rather an internal field in the C++ object) and accessed it from a memory offset directly. Unfortunately, the `[Proxy constructor](<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Proxy>)` is an exception. Not only does it not have the `prototype` field, but accessing it can result in OOB access. This bug was found in the slow runtime implementation. A few months later, the same issue was found in the JIT implementation of `Reflect.construct` by Samuel Gro\u00df as [CVE-2019-5843](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1799>). Yet a few months later, the same bug in the `[torque](<https://v8.dev/docs/torque>)` implementation was found as [CVE-2019-5877](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=999310>) and was used as part of the [TiYuZong full chain](<https://github.com/secmob/TiYunZong-An-Exploit-Chain-to-Remotely-Root-Modern-Android-Devices/blob/master/us-20-Gong-TiYunZong-An-Exploit-Chain-to-Remotely-Root-Modern-Android-Devices-wp.pdf>) of Guang Gong. So let&#x27;s learn from history, and check the other implementations of super property access. As it turns out, the JIT implementation also suffers the same problem. When compiling optimized code for simple API property access, the JIT implementation checks the map in `[AccessorAccessInfoHelper](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/75c36c7712bea160e69de6b87b864dfcebab239e:v8/src/compiler/access-info.cc;l=573>)`:\n \n \n PropertyAccessInfo AccessorAccessInfoHelper(\n Isolate* isolate, Zone* zone, JSHeapBroker* broker,\n const AccessInfoFactory* ai_factory, MapRef receiver_map, NameRef name,\n MapRef map, base::Optional<JSObjectRef> holder, AccessMode access_mode,\n AccessorsObjectGetter get_accessors) {\n ...\n CallOptimization::HolderLookup lookup;\n Handle<JSObject> holder_handle = broker->CanonicalPersistentHandle(\n optimization.LookupHolderOfExpectedType(\n broker->local_isolate_or_isolate(), receiver_map.object(), //<------- checks that the receiver_map is compatible\n &lookup));\n \n\nOn the face of it, it seems to be correct, as we&#x27;ve seen in the section [&quot;The vulnerability,&quot;](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#heading=h.iddgaybfi3d2>) that property accessor operates on the `receiver` rather than the `lookup_start_object`, so the `map` of the `receiver` should be checked, which is what it does here. The only problem is that the `receiver_map` is not the `map` of the `receiver`. The `AccessorAccessInfoHelper` is used, for example, in `[ReducedNameAccess](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/75c36c7712bea160e69de6b87b864dfcebab239e:v8/src/compiler/js-native-context-specialization.cc;l=1040>)` to create `PropertyAccessInfo` (2 in the below snippet):\n \n \n Reduction JSNativeContextSpecialization::ReduceNamedAccess(\n Node* node, Node* value, NamedAccessFeedback const& feedback,\n AccessMode access_mode, Node* key) {\n ...\n ZoneVector<MapRef> inferred_maps(zone());\n if (!InferMaps(lookup_start_object, effect, &inferred_maps)) { //<----------- 1.\n for (const MapRef& map : feedback.maps()) {\n inferred_maps.push_back(map);\n }\n }\n ...\n {\n ZoneVector<PropertyAccessInfo> access_infos_for_feedback(zone());\n for (const MapRef& map : inferred_maps) {\n ...\n PropertyAccessInfo access_info = broker()->GetPropertyAccessInfo(\n map, feedback.name(), access_mode, dependencies()); //<------------ 2.\n access_infos_for_feedback.push_back(access_info);\n \n\nThe argument `map` passed in `GetPropertyAccessInfo` in 2 eventually becomes the `receiver_map` that is passed to `AccessorAccessInfoHelper`. However, this `map` is, in fact, a map that is inferred from the `lookup_start_object`, instead of the `receiver` (1 in the above), so the `lookup_start_object` map was checked in the JIT implementation as well. On the other hand, the `[BuildPropertyLoad](<https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/75c36c7712bea160e69de6b87b864dfcebab239e:v8/src/compiler/js-native-context-specialization.cc;l=2220>)` is used to compile code for loading properties, which uses the actual `receiver` to make the call:\n \n \n base::Optional<JSNativeContextSpecialization::ValueEffectControl>\n JSNativeContextSpecialization::BuildPropertyLoad(\n Node* lookup_start_object, Node* receiver, Node* context, Node* frame_state,\n Node* effect, Node* control, NameRef const& name,\n ZoneVector<Node*>* if_exceptions, PropertyAccessInfo const& access_info) {\n ...\n Node* value;\n if (access_info.IsNotFound()) {\n value = jsgraph()->UndefinedConstant();\n } else if (access_info.IsFastAccessorConstant() ||\n access_info.IsDictionaryProtoAccessorConstant()) {\n ...\n value =\n InlinePropertyGetterCall(receiver, receiver_mode, context, frame_state, //<---- receiver used for making getter call\n &effect, &control, if_exceptions, access_info);\n } else if (access_info.IsModuleExport()) {\n \n\nSo the JIT implementation also suffers the problem. I reported this as bug [1309467](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1309467>) and included a proof of concept to show that it can bypass the original [patch](<https://chromium.googlesource.com/v8/v8/+/9c3d4b3556b2797fa9d9f4bee915e8502608312f>). It was disclosed in Chrome release [102.0.5005.61](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_24.html>) as CVE-2022-1869.\n\n## Conclusions[](<https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/#conclusions>)\n\nIn this post I&#x27;ve covered CVE-2022-1134 and some variants of the bug. I&#x27;ve also looked at some internals of inline caching in V8 and how V8 interacts with Blink via the V8 API. Apart from being a close variant of two previous bugs (with one used in the high profile Tianfu cup pwning contest), which highlights the complexity of the property access system in V8, the current bug also involves the interactions between Blink and V8 and could not be found by fuzzing V8 alone (which is unlike the previous two variants).\n\nIn most public research, researchers either focus on bugs that are specific to V8 or Blink, and the bugs involved rarely cross the boundary between the two. Recently, there have been bugs that were exploited in the wild that involve Blink objects breaking assumptions in V8, such as [CVE-2021-30551](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-30551.html>) and [CVE-2022-1096](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_25.html>). Being able to discover and exploit these bugs requires a great wealth and depth of knowledge in both Blink and V8, and these bugs give us a glimpse of both the resources and expertise that bad actors possess and perhaps an area where more research is needed.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-06-29T18:39:46", "type": "github", "title": "The Chromium super (inline cache) type confusion", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-18359", "CVE-2019-5843", "CVE-2019-5877", "CVE-2021-21225", "CVE-2021-30517", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-38001", "CVE-2022-1096", "CVE-2022-1134", "CVE-2022-1869"], "modified": "2022-07-06T16:18:38", "id": "GITHUB:D9472F716C46C02F88677DBAD0EEA334", "href": "https://github.blog/2022-06-29-the-chromium-super-inline-cache-type-confusion/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "googleprojectzero": [{"lastseen": "2022-06-30T13:56:58", "description": "Posted by Maddie Stone, Google Project Zero\n\nThis blog post is an overview of a talk, \u201c 0-day In-the-Wild Exploitation in 2022\u2026so far\u201d, that I gave at the FIRST conference in June 2022. The slides are available [here](<https://github.com/maddiestone/ConPresentations/blob/master/FIRST2022.2022_0days_so_far.pdf>).\n\nFor the last three years, we\u2019ve published annual year-in-review reports of 0-days found exploited in the wild. The most recent of these reports is the [2021 Year in Review report](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/04/the-more-you-know-more-you-know-you.html>), which we published just a few months ago in April. While we plan to stick with that annual cadence, we\u2019re publishing a little bonus report today looking at the in-the-wild 0-days detected and disclosed in the first half of 2022. \n\nAs of June 15, 2022, there have been 18 0-days detected and disclosed as exploited in-the-wild in 2022. When we analyzed those 0-days, we found that at least nine of the 0-days are variants of previously patched vulnerabilities. At least half of the 0-days we\u2019ve seen in the first six months of 2022 could have been prevented with more comprehensive patching and regression tests. On top of that, four of the 2022 0-days are variants of 2021 in-the-wild 0-days. Just 12 months from the original in-the-wild 0-day being patched, attackers came back with a variant of the original bug. \n\nProduct\n\n| \n\n2022 ITW 0-day\n\n| \n\nVariant \n \n---|---|--- \n \nWindows win32k\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2022-21882](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2022/CVE-2022-21882.html>)\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2021-1732](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1732.html>) (2021 itw) \n \niOS IOMobileFrameBuffer\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2022-22587](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213053>)\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2021-30983](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/06/curious-case-carrier-app.html>) (2021 itw) \n \nWindows\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2022-30190](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-30190>) (\u201cFollina\u201d)\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) (2021 itw) \n \nChromium property access interceptors\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2022-1096](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_25.html>)\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2016-5128](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=619166>) [CVE-2021-30551](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-30551.html>) (2021 itw) [CVE-2022-1232](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=2280>) (Addresses incomplete CVE-2022-1096 fix) \n \nChromium v8\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2022-1364](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_14.html>)\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2021-21195](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_30.html>) \n \nWebKit\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2022-22620](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2022/CVE-2022-22620.html>) (\u201cZombie\u201d)\n\n| \n\n[Bug was originally fixed in 2013, patch was regressed in 2016](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/06/an-autopsy-on-zombie-in-wild-0-day.html>) \n \nGoogle Pixel\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2021-39793](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2022-03-01>)*\n\n* While this CVE says 2021, the bug was patched and disclosed in 2022\n\n| \n\n[Linux same bug in a different subsystem](<https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=cd5297b0855f17c8b4e3ef1d20c6a3656209c7b3>) \n \nAtlassian Confluence\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2022-26134](<https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-security-advisory-2022-06-02-1130377146.html>)\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2021-26084](<https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-security-advisory-2021-08-25-1077906215.html>) \n \nWindows\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2022-26925](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-26925>) (\u201cPetitPotam\u201d)\n\n| \n\n[CVE-2021-36942](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36942>) (Patch regressed) \n \nSo, what does this mean?\n\nWhen people think of 0-day exploits, they often think that these exploits are so technologically advanced that there\u2019s no hope to catch and prevent them. The data paints a different picture. At least half of the 0-days we\u2019ve seen so far this year are closely related to bugs we\u2019ve seen before. Our conclusion and findings in the [2020 year-in-review report](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/02/deja-vu-lnerability.html>) were very similar.\n\nMany of the 2022 in-the-wild 0-days are due to the previous vulnerability not being fully patched. In the case of the Windows win32k and the Chromium property access interceptor bugs, the execution flow that the proof-of-concept exploits took were patched, but the root cause issue was not addressed: attackers were able to come back and trigger the original vulnerability through a different path. And in the case of the WebKit and Windows PetitPotam issues, the original vulnerability had previously been patched, but at some point regressed so that attackers could exploit the same vulnerability again. In the iOS IOMobileFrameBuffer bug, a buffer overflow was addressed by checking that a size was less than a certain number, but it didn\u2019t check a minimum bound on that size. For more detailed explanations of three of the 0-days and how they relate to their variants, please see the [slides from the talk](<https://github.com/maddiestone/ConPresentations/blob/master/FIRST2022.2022_0days_so_far.pdf>).\n\nWhen 0-day exploits are detected in-the-wild, it\u2019s the failure case for an attacker. It\u2019s a gift for us security defenders to learn as much as we can and take actions to ensure that that vector can\u2019t be used again. The goal is to force attackers to start from scratch each time we detect one of their exploits: they\u2019re forced to discover a whole new vulnerability, they have to invest the time in learning and analyzing a new attack surface, they must develop a brand new exploitation method. To do that effectively, we need correct and comprehensive fixes.\n\nThis is not to minimize the challenges faced by security teams responsible for responding to vulnerability reports. As we said in our 2020 year in review report: \n\nBeing able to correctly and comprehensively patch isn't just flicking a switch: it requires investment, prioritization, and planning. It also requires developing a patching process that balances both protecting users quickly and ensuring it is comprehensive, which can at times be in tension. While we expect that none of this will come as a surprise to security teams in an organization, this analysis is a good reminder that there is still more work to be done. \n\nExactly what investments are likely required depends on each unique situation, but we see some common themes around staffing/resourcing, incentive structures, process maturity, automation/testing, release cadence, and partnerships.\n\nPractically, some of the following efforts can help ensure bugs are correctly and comprehensively fixed. Project Zero plans to continue to help with the following efforts, but we hope and encourage platform security teams and other independent security researchers to invest in these types of analyses as well:\n\n * Root cause analysis\n\nUnderstanding the underlying vulnerability that is being exploited. Also tries to understand how that vulnerability may have been introduced. Performing a root cause analysis can help ensure that a fix is addressing the underlying vulnerability and not just breaking the proof-of-concept. Root cause analysis is generally a pre-requisite for successful variant and patch analysis.\n\n * Variant analysis\n\nLooking for other vulnerabilities similar to the reported vulnerability. This can involve looking for the same bug pattern elsewhere, more thoroughly auditing the component that contained the vulnerability, modifying fuzzers to understand why they didn\u2019t find the vulnerability previously, etc. Most researchers find more than one vulnerability at the same time. By finding and fixing the related variants, attackers are not able to simply \u201cplug and play\u201d with a new vulnerability once the original is patched.\n\n * Patch analysis\n\nAnalyzing the proposed (or released) patch for completeness compared to the root cause vulnerability. I encourage vendors to share how they plan to address the vulnerability with the vulnerability reporter early so the reporter can analyze whether the patch comprehensively addresses the root cause of the vulnerability, alongside the vendor\u2019s own internal analysis.\n\n * Exploit technique analysis\n\nUnderstanding the primitive gained from the vulnerability and how it\u2019s being used. While it\u2019s generally industry-standard to patch vulnerabilities, mitigating exploit techniques doesn\u2019t happen as frequently. While not every exploit technique will always be able to be mitigated, the hope is that it will become the default rather than the exception. Exploit samples will need to be shared more readily in order for vendors and security researchers to be able to perform exploit technique analysis.\n\nTransparently sharing these analyses helps the industry as a whole as well. We publish our analyses at [this repository](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild/rca.html>). We encourage vendors and others to publish theirs as well. This allows developers and security professionals to better understand what the attackers already know about these bugs, which hopefully leads to even better solutions and security overall. \n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-06-30T00:00:00", "type": "googleprojectzero", "title": "\n2022 0-day In-the-Wild Exploitation\u2026so far\n", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2016-5128", "CVE-2021-1732", "CVE-2021-21195", "CVE-2021-26084", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30983", "CVE-2021-36942", "CVE-2021-39793", "CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2022-1096", "CVE-2022-1232", "CVE-2022-1364", "CVE-2022-21882", "CVE-2022-22587", "CVE-2022-22620", "CVE-2022-26134", "CVE-2022-26925", "CVE-2022-30190"], "modified": "2022-06-30T00:00:00", "id": "GOOGLEPROJECTZERO:3B4F7E79DDCD0AFF3B9BB86429182DCA", "href": "https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/06/2022-0-day-in-wild-exploitationso-far.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-25T01:57:30", "description": "A Year in Review of 0-days Used In-the-Wild in 2021\n\nPosted by Maddie Stone, Google Project Zero\n\nThis is our third annual year in review of 0-days exploited in-the-wild [[2020](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/02/deja-vu-lnerability.html>), [2019](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2020/07/detection-deficit-year-in-review-of-0.html>)]. Each year we\u2019ve looked back at all of the detected and disclosed in-the-wild 0-days as a group and synthesized what we think the trends and takeaways are. The goal of this report is not to detail each individual exploit, but instead to analyze the exploits from the year as a group, looking for trends, gaps, lessons learned, successes, etc. If you\u2019re interested in the analysis of individual exploits, please check out our [root cause analysis repository](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/p/rca.html>).\n\nWe perform and share this analysis in order to make 0-day hard. We want it to be more costly, more resource intensive, and overall more difficult for attackers to use 0-day capabilities. 2021 highlighted just how important it is to stay relentless in our pursuit to make it harder for attackers to exploit users with 0-days. We heard [over](<https://forbiddenstories.org/about-the-pegasus-project/>) and [over](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/07/hooking-candiru-another-mercenary-spyware-vendor-comes-into-focus/>) and [over](<https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2021/11/devices-of-palestinian-human-rights-defenders-hacked-with-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-2/>) about how governments were targeting journalists, minoritized populations, politicians, human rights defenders, and even security researchers around the world. The decisions we make in the security and tech communities can have real impacts on society and our fellow humans\u2019 lives.\n\nWe\u2019ll provide our evidence and process for our conclusions in the body of this post, and then wrap it all up with our thoughts on next steps and hopes for 2022 in the conclusion. If digging into the bits and bytes is not your thing, then feel free to just check-out the Executive Summary and Conclusion.\n\n# Executive Summary\n\n2021 included the detection and disclosure of 58 in-the-wild 0-days, the most ever recorded since Project Zero began tracking in mid-2014. That\u2019s more than double the previous maximum of 28 detected in 2015 and especially stark when you consider that there were only 25 detected in 2020. We\u2019ve tracked publicly known in-the-wild 0-day exploits in [this spreadsheet](<https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit#gid=0>) since mid-2014.\n\nWhile we often talk about the number of 0-day exploits used in-the-wild, what we\u2019re actually discussing is the number of 0-day exploits detected and disclosed as in-the-wild. And that leads into our first conclusion: we believe the large uptick in in-the-wild 0-days in 2021 is due to increased detection and disclosure of these 0-days, rather than simply increased usage of 0-day exploits.\n\nWith this record number of in-the-wild 0-days to analyze we saw that attacker methodology hasn\u2019t actually had to change much from previous years. Attackers are having success using the same bug patterns and exploitation techniques and going after the same attack surfaces. Project Zero\u2019s mission is \u201cmake 0day hard\u201d. 0-day will be harder when, overall, attackers are not able to use public methods and techniques for developing their 0-day exploits. When we look over these 58 0-days used in 2021, what we see instead are 0-days that are similar to previous &amp; publicly known vulnerabilities. Only two 0-days stood out as novel: one for the technical sophistication of its exploit and the other for its use of logic bugs to escape the sandbox.\n\nSo while we recognize the industry\u2019s improvement in the detection and disclosure of in-the-wild 0-days, we also acknowledge that there\u2019s a lot more improving to be done. Having access to more \u201cground truth\u201d of how attackers are actually using 0-days shows us that they are able to have success by using previously known techniques and methods rather than having to invest in developing novel techniques. This is a clear area of opportunity for the tech industry.\n\nWe had so many more data points in 2021 to learn about attacker behavior than we\u2019ve had in the past. Having all this data, though, has left us with even more questions than we had before. Unfortunately, attackers who actively use 0-day exploits do not share the 0-days they\u2019re using or what percentage of 0-days we\u2019re missing in our tracking, so we\u2019ll never know exactly what proportion of 0-days are currently being found and disclosed publicly. \n\nBased on our analysis of the 2021 0-days we hope to see the following progress in 2022 in order to continue taking steps towards making 0-day hard:\n\n 1. All vendors agree to disclose the in-the-wild exploitation status of vulnerabilities in their security bulletins.\n 2. Exploit samples or detailed technical descriptions of the exploits are shared more widely.\n 3. Continued concerted efforts on reducing memory corruption vulnerabilities or rendering them unexploitable.Launch mitigations that will significantly impact the exploitability of memory corruption vulnerabilities.\n\n# A Record Year for In-the-Wild 0-days\n\n2021 was a record year for in-the-wild 0-days. So what happened?\n\n[](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC72HVhQEdwHNIzMiyb18bUFr6hPCWJiKL2Mm43-tW11qc0ucOPI8A9oChEXQe0-QNOBF83SIcfyjcyvPveuWvgipbiBzHWqZTx2-LilJFYIbx6uQeno9f481HJQ0CgylQkh8Ks7AbGC6tjhYDNBcI7jh6ihhzJATA0r_P4bQUBm-1lmHp2DPvWM6I/s1200/image1%287%29.png>)\n\nIs it that software security is getting worse? Or is it that attackers are using 0-day exploits more? Or has our ability to detect and disclose 0-days increased? When looking at the significant uptick from 2020 to 2021, we think it's mostly explained by the latter. While we believe there has been a steady growth in interest and investment in 0-day exploits by attackers in the past several years, and that security still needs to urgently improve, it appears that the security industry's ability to detect and disclose in-the-wild 0-day exploits is the primary explanation for the increase in observed 0-day exploits in 2021.\n\nWhile we often talk about \u201c0-day exploits used in-the-wild\u201d, what we\u2019re actually tracking are \u201c0-day exploits detected and disclosed as used in-the-wild\u201d. There are more factors than just the use that contribute to an increase in that number, most notably: detection and disclosure. Better detection of 0-day exploits and more transparently disclosed exploited 0-day vulnerabilities is a positive indicator for security and progress in the industry. \n\nOverall, we can break down the uptick in the number of in-the-wild 0-days into:\n\n * More detection of in-the-wild 0-day exploits\n * More public disclosure of in-the-wild 0-day exploitation\n\n## More detection\n\nIn the [2019 Year in Review](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2020/07/detection-deficit-year-in-review-of-0.html>), we wrote about the \u201cDetection Deficit\u201d. We stated \u201cAs a community, our ability to detect 0-days being used in the wild is severely lacking to the point that we can\u2019t draw significant conclusions due to the lack of (and biases in) the data we have collected.\u201d In the last two years, we believe that there\u2019s been progress on this gap. \n\nAnecdotally, we hear from more people that they\u2019ve begun working more on detection of 0-day exploits. Quantitatively, while a very rough measure, we\u2019re also seeing the number of entities credited with reporting in-the-wild 0-days increasing. It stands to reason that if the number of people working on trying to find 0-day exploits increases, then the number of in-the-wild 0-day exploits detected may increase.\n\n[](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMbFpoEKSSn5AbAzsovaZ0yN6_OFXo9u4hpDCXJBpro8LRUWJlVQ9CSqtzT2V9ohrhOvP3_RnrYsOzFGPK0FZGJmW2713g2vVW82ReJVXpjAZc57BCxtHg8i-6AdR_ThDZB6UKvzAKekbmAkuUBliMyDyWSBW87z4ZZQJC3KX-_ptZIHveotLGoJ9I/s1200/image5%284%29.png>)\n\n[](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRS0t_2Bwvc3U_EIr5h7NcWpQyjzHCPb4OMiDpzPxPs587otAEj8bzwch8UMFlgKchwdSq4L_PXRn1O6KGLHUl4X9voLBdZJNQsgQyJcMCVB4Y8-aRHaXRpOYZw7KVtyNYwdWpwX8ILUV1fyG2kDsXVWORsSPUBGVTON90gWf9POhhxA4edxNe1eoV/s1200/image2%285%29.png>)\n\nWe\u2019ve also seen the number of vendors detecting in-the-wild 0-days in their own products increasing. Whether or not these vendors were previously working on detection, vendors seem to have found ways to be more successful in 2021. Vendors likely have the most telemetry and overall knowledge and visibility into their products so it\u2019s important that they are investing in (and hopefully having success in) detecting 0-days targeting their own products. As shown in the chart above, there was a significant increase in the number of in-the-wild 0-days discovered by vendors in their own products. Google discovered 7 of the in-the-wild 0-days in their own products and Microsoft discovered 10 in their products!\n\n## More disclosure\n\nThe second reason why the number of detected in-the-wild 0-days has increased is due to more disclosure of these vulnerabilities. Apple and Google Android (we differentiate \u201cGoogle Android\u201d rather than just \u201cGoogle\u201d because Google Chrome has been annotating their security bulletins for the last few years) first began labeling vulnerabilities in their security advisories with the information about potential in-the-wild exploitation in November 2020 and January 2021 respectively. When vendors don\u2019t annotate their release notes, the only way we know that a 0-day was exploited in-the-wild is if the researcher who discovered the exploitation comes forward. If Apple and Google Android had not begun annotating their release notes, the public would likely not know about at least 7 of the Apple in-the-wild 0-days and 5 of the Android in-the-wild 0-days. Why? Because these vulnerabilities were reported by \u201cAnonymous\u201d reporters. If the reporters didn\u2019t want credit for the vulnerability, it\u2019s unlikely that they would have gone public to say that there were indications of exploitation. That is 12 0-days that wouldn\u2019t have been included in this year\u2019s list if Apple and Google Android had not begun transparently annotating their security advisories. \n\n[](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPe_J-0Wu9Ap-0n3Yj5BoXiWTnjViyyGasIChhb3juADZosK9nTbyiaWtzuRyjwG3frQNjLsvRMRoQHrFfo1iKa3GjmcuLHqat40GcoechQ16XbhpVGwF7m_TJ0Oucvy3wvm8x0aXbVnJfhkG2FNkxI4cJf5ONBqEYnPxQDUmZChvByLHE8OzSU20N/s1200/image3%287%29.png>)\n\nKudos and thank you to Microsoft, Google Chrome, and Adobe who have been annotating their security bulletins for transparency for multiple years now! And thanks to Apache who also annotated their release notes for [CVE-2021-41773](<https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html>) this past year. \n\nIn-the-wild 0-days in Qualcomm and ARM products were annotated as in-the-wild in Android security bulletins, but not in the vendor\u2019s own security advisories.\n\nIt's highly likely that in 2021, there were other 0-days that were exploited in the wild and detected, but vendors did not mention this in their release notes. In 2022, we hope that more vendors start noting when they patch vulnerabilities that have been exploited in-the-wild. Until we\u2019re confident that all vendors are transparently disclosing in-the-wild status, there\u2019s a big question of how many in-the-wild 0-days are discovered, but not labeled publicly by vendors.\n\n# New Year, Old Techniques\n\nWe had a record number of \u201cdata points\u201d in 2021 to understand how attackers are actually using 0-day exploits. A bit surprising to us though, out of all those data points, there was nothing new amongst all this data. 0-day exploits are considered one of the most advanced attack methods an actor can use, so it would be easy to conclude that attackers must be using special tricks and attack surfaces. But instead, the 0-days we saw in 2021 generally followed the same bug patterns, attack surfaces, and exploit \u201cshapes\u201d previously seen in public research. Once \u201c0-day is hard\u201d, we\u2019d expect that to be successful, attackers would have to find new bug classes of vulnerabilities in new attack surfaces using never before seen exploitation methods. In general, that wasn't what the data showed us this year. With two exceptions (described below in the iOS section) out of the 58, everything we saw was pretty \u201c[meh](<https://www.dictionary.com/browse/meh#:~:text=unimpressive%3B%20boring%3A>)\u201d or standard.\n\nOut of the 58 in-the-wild 0-days for the year, 39, or 67% were memory corruption vulnerabilities. Memory corruption vulnerabilities have been the standard for attacking software for the last few decades and it\u2019s still how attackers are having success. Out of these memory corruption vulnerabilities, the majority also stuck with very popular and well-known bug classes:\n\n * 17 use-after-free\n * 6 out-of-bounds read &amp; write\n * 4 buffer overflow\n * 4 integer overflow\n\nIn the next sections we\u2019ll dive into each major platform that we saw in-the-wild 0-days for this year. We\u2019ll share the trends and explain why what we saw was pretty unexceptional.\n\n## Chromium (Chrome)\n\nChromium had a record high number of 0-days detected and disclosed in 2021 with 14. Out of these 14, 10 were renderer remote code execution bugs, 2 were sandbox escapes, 1 was an infoleak, and 1 was used to open a webpage in Android apps other than Google Chrome.\n\nThe 14 0-day vulnerabilities were in the following components:\n\n * 6 JavaScript Engine - v8 ([CVE-2021-21148](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/02/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_4.html>), [CVE-2021-30551](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/02/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_4.html>), [CVE-2021-30563](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>), [CVE-2021-30632](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-30632.html>), [CVE-2021-37975](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-37975.html>), [CVE-2021-38003](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_28.html>))\n * 2 DOM Engine - Blink ([CVE-2021-21193](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_12.html>) &amp; [CVE-2021-21206](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>))\n * 1 WebGL ([CVE-2021-30554](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html>))\n * 1 IndexedDB ([CVE-2021-30633](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>))\n * 1 webaudio ([CVE-2021-21166](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-21166.html>))\n * 1 Portals ([CVE-2021-37973](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_24.html>))\n * 1 Android Intents ([CVE-2021-38000](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-38000.html>))\n * 1 Core ([CVE-2021-37976](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_30.html>))\n\nWhen we look at the components targeted by these bugs, they\u2019re all attack surfaces seen before in public security research and previous exploits. If anything, there are a few less DOM bugs and more targeting these other components of browsers like IndexedDB and WebGL than previously. 13 out of the 14 Chromium 0-days were memory corruption bugs. Similar to last year, most of those memory corruption bugs are use-after-free vulnerabilities.\n\nA couple of the Chromium bugs were even similar to previous in-the-wild 0-days. [CVE-2021-21166](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-21166.html>) is an issue in ScriptProcessorNode::Process() in webaudio where there\u2019s insufficient locks such that buffers are accessible in both the main thread and the audio rendering thread at the same time. [CVE-2019-13720](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2019/CVE-2019-13720.html>) is an in-the-wild 0-day from 2019. It was a vulnerability in ConvolverHandler::Process() in webaudio where there were also insufficient locks such that a buffer was accessible in both the main thread and the audio rendering thread at the same time.\n\n[CVE-2021-30632](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-30632.html>) is another Chromium in-the-wild 0-day from 2021. It\u2019s a type confusion in the TurboFan JIT in Chromium\u2019s JavaScript Engine, v8, where Turbofan fails to deoptimize code after a property map is changed. [CVE-2021-30632](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-30632.html>) in particular deals with code that stores global properties. [CVE-2020-16009](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2020/CVE-2020-16009.html>) was also an in-the-wild 0-day that was due to Turbofan failing to deoptimize code after map deprecation.\n\n## WebKit (Safari)\n\nPrior to 2021, Apple had only acknowledged 1 publicly known in-the-wild 0-day targeting WebKit/Safari, and that was due the sharing by an external researcher. In 2021 there were 7. This makes it hard for us to assess trends or changes since we don\u2019t have historical samples to go off of. Instead, we\u2019ll look at 2021\u2019s WebKit bugs in the context of other Safari bugs not known to be in-the-wild and other browser in-the-wild 0-days. \n\nThe 7 in-the-wild 0-days targeted the following components:\n\n * 4 Javascript Engine - JavaScript Core ([CVE-2021-1870](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212146>), [CVE-2021-1871](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212146>), [CVE-2021-30663](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212336>), [CVE-2021-30665](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212336>))\n * 1 IndexedDB ([CVE-2021-30858](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-30858.html>))\n * 1 Storage ([CVE-2021-30661](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212317>))\n * 1 Plugins ([CVE-2021-1879](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1879.html>))\n\nThe one semi-surprise is that no DOM bugs were detected and disclosed. In previous years, vulnerabilities in the DOM engine have generally made up 15-20% of the in-the-wild browser 0-days, but none were detected and disclosed for WebKit in 2021. \n\nIt would not be surprising if attackers are beginning to shift to other modules, like third party libraries or things like IndexedDB. The modules may be more promising to attackers going forward because there\u2019s a better chance that the vulnerability may exist in multiple browsers or platforms. For example, the webaudio bug in Chromium, [CVE-2021-21166](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-21166.html>), also existed in WebKit and was fixed as [CVE-2021-1844](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212223>), though there was no evidence it was exploited in-the-wild in WebKit. The IndexedDB in-the-wild 0-day that was used against Safari in 2021, [CVE-2021-30858](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-30858.html>), was very, very similar to a [bug fixed in Chromium in January 2020](<https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1032890>).\n\n## Internet Explorer\n\nSince we began tracking in-the-wild 0-days, Internet Explorer has had a pretty consistent number of 0-days each year. 2021 actually tied 2016 for the most in-the-wild Internet Explorer 0-days we\u2019ve ever tracked even though Internet Explorer\u2019s market share of web browser users continues to decrease.\n\n[](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbMTlnGhVLcVL8K20S3s6hSrpyB6kZAA9CWvWNpn1isbEbLFv0c2rs_dPvM0ALT45NtTvyhp8rGehGDRIAEJ6OZYSkk5mezOEoPJOquVXXyHeqrVOvRGEiQHv_J7Je8Itjc5qhwXMCR-E4y79abuxiddCYoeF2VrVakY-L1q82NeMEPjTA0fFC-t8h/s1200/image4%286%29.png>)\n\nSo why are we seeing so little change in the number of in-the-wild 0-days despite the change in market share? Internet Explorer is still a ripe attack surface for initial entry into Windows machines, even if the user doesn\u2019t use Internet Explorer as their Internet browser. While the number of 0-days stayed pretty consistent to what we\u2019ve seen in previous years, the components targeted and the delivery methods of the exploits changed. 3 of the 4 0-days seen in 2021 targeted the MSHTML browser engine and were delivered via methods other than the web. Instead they were delivered to targets via Office documents or other file formats. \n\nThe four 0-days targeted the following components:\n\n * MSHTML browser engine ([CVE-2021-26411](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-26411.html>), [CVE-2021-33742](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild/0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-33742.html>), [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>))\n * Javascript Engine - JScript9 ([CVE-2021-34448](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34448>))\n\nFor [CVE-2021-26411](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-26411.html>) targets of the campaign initially received a .mht file, which prompted the user to open in Internet Explorer. Once it was opened in Internet Explorer, the exploit was downloaded and run. [CVE-2021-33742](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-33742.html>) and [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) were delivered to targets via malicious Office documents.\n\n[CVE-2021-26411](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-26411.html>) and [CVE-2021-33742](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-33742.html>) were two common memory corruption bug patterns: a use-after-free due to a user controlled callback in between two actions using an object and the user frees the object during that callback and a buffer overflow.\n\nThere were a few different vulnerabilities used in the exploit chain that used [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>), but the one within MSHTML was that as soon as the Office document was opened the payload would run: a CAB file was downloaded, decompressed, and then a function from within a DLL in that CAB was executed. Unlike the previous two MSHTML bugs, this was a logic error in URL parsing rather than a memory corruption bug.\n\n## Windows\n\nWindows is the platform where we\u2019ve seen the most change in components targeted compared with previous years. However, this shift has generally been in progress for a few years and predicted with the end-of-life of Windows 7 in 2020 and thus why it\u2019s still not especially novel.\n\nIn 2021 there were 10 Windows in-the-wild 0-days targeting 7 different components:\n\n * 2 Enhanced crypto provider ([CVE-2021-31199](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31199>), [CVE-2021-31201](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31201>))\n * 2 NTOS kernel ([CVE-2021-33771](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-33771>), [CVE-2021-31979](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31979>))\n * 2 Win32k ([CVE-2021-1732](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1732.html>), [CVE-2021-40449](<https://securelist.com/mysterysnail-attacks-with-windows-zero-day/104509/>))\n * 1 Windows update medic ([CVE-2021-36948](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36948>)) \n * 1 SuperFetch ([CVE-2021-31955](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31955>))\n * 1 dwmcore.dll ([CVE-2021-28310](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-28310>))\n * 1 ntfs.sys ([CVE-2021-31956](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31956>))\n\nThe number of different components targeted is the shift from past years. For example, in 2019 75% of Windows 0-days targeted Win32k while in 2021 Win32k only made up 20% of the Windows 0-days. The reason that this was expected and predicted was that 6 out of 8 of those 0-days that targeted Win32k in 2019 did not target the latest release of Windows 10 at that time; they were targeting older versions. With Windows 10 Microsoft began dedicating more and more resources to locking down the attack surface of Win32k so as those older versions have hit end-of-life, Win32k is a less and less attractive attack surface.\n\nSimilar to the many Win32k vulnerabilities seen over the years, the two 2021 Win32k in-the-wild 0-days are due to custom user callbacks. The user calls functions that change the state of an object during the callback and Win32k does not correctly handle those changes. [CVE-2021-1732](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1732.html>) is a type confusion vulnerability due to a user callback in xxxClientAllocWindowClassExtraBytes which leads to out-of-bounds read and write. If NtUserConsoleControl is called during the callback a flag is set in the window structure to signal that a field is an offset into the kernel heap. xxxClientAllocWindowClassExtraBytes doesn\u2019t check this and writes that field as a user-mode pointer without clearing the flag. The first in-the-wild 0-day detected and disclosed in 2022, [CVE-2022-21882](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2022/CVE-2022-21882.html>), is due to [CVE-2021-1732](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1732.html>) actually not being fixed completely. The attackers found a way to bypass the original patch and still trigger the vulnerability. [CVE-2021-40449](<https://securelist.com/mysterysnail-attacks-with-windows-zero-day/104509/>) is a use-after-free in NtGdiResetDC due to the object being freed during the user callback. \n\n## iOS/macOS\n\nAs discussed in the \u201cMore disclosure\u201d section above, 2021 was the first full year that Apple annotated their release notes with in-the-wild status of vulnerabilities. 5 iOS in-the-wild 0-days were detected and disclosed this year. The first publicly known macOS in-the-wild 0-day ([CVE-2021-30869](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/analyzing-watering-hole-campaign-using-macos-exploits/>)) was also found. In this section we\u2019re going to discuss iOS and macOS together because: 1) the two operating systems include similar components and 2) the sample size for macOS is very small (just this one vulnerability).\n\n[](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPGaOlQUGIYyvpDY_M0rGh3JekH4mwXHfN459HYcklg74v4Mfp8j6fgh2SM09mjhA4svdgN_TdSN3R5Bb-DJTHnlo63qnRTsvLs1EZgAE3fBpRtsZhxKhyBNTb_khdS6mNT3EtSHnS_R-TshtHx-gSWnEPpHjmSqO_9Y7JxupGcDKZ0-xwsxgbX6zR/s1200/image6%284%29.png>)\n\nFor the 5 total iOS and macOS in-the-wild 0-days, they targeted 3 different attack surfaces:\n\n * IOMobileFrameBuffer ([CVE-2021-30807](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212623>), [CVE-2021-30883](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212846>))\n * XNU Kernel ([CVE-2021-1782](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212146>) &amp; [CVE-2021-30869](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/analyzing-watering-hole-campaign-using-macos-exploits/>))\n * CoreGraphics ([CVE-2021-30860](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html>))\n * CommCenter ([FORCEDENTRY sandbox escape](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/03/forcedentry-sandbox-escape.html>) \\- CVE requested, not yet assigned)\n\nThese 4 attack surfaces are not novel. IOMobileFrameBuffer has been a target of public security research for many years. For example, the Pangu Jailbreak from 2016 used [CVE-2016-4654](<https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-16/materials/us-16-Wang-Pangu-9-Internals.pdf>), a heap buffer overflow in IOMobileFrameBuffer. IOMobileFrameBuffer manages the screen\u2019s frame buffer. For iPhone 11 (A13) and below, IOMobileFrameBuffer was a kernel driver. Beginning with A14, it runs on a coprocessor, the DCP. It\u2019s a popular attack surface because historically it\u2019s been accessible from sandboxed apps. In 2021 there were two in-the-wild 0-days in IOMobileFrameBuffer. [CVE-2021-30807](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212623>) is an out-of-bounds read and [CVE-2021-30883](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212846>) is an integer overflow, both common memory corruption vulnerabilities. In 2022, we already have another in-the-wild 0-day in IOMobileFrameBuffer, [CVE-2022-22587](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213053>).\n\nOne iOS 0-day and the macOS 0-day both exploited vulnerabilities in the XNU kernel and both vulnerabilities were in code related to XNU\u2019s inter-process communication (IPC) functionality. [CVE-2021-1782](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212146>) exploited a vulnerability in mach vouchers while [CVE-2021-30869](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/analyzing-watering-hole-campaign-using-macos-exploits/>) exploited a vulnerability in mach messages. This is not the first time we\u2019ve seen iOS in-the-wild 0-days, much less public security research, targeting mach vouchers and mach messages. [CVE-2019-6625](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209443>) was exploited as a part of [an exploit chain targeting iOS 11.4.1-12.1.2](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2019/08/in-wild-ios-exploit-chain-5.html>) and was also a [vulnerability in mach vouchers](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2019/01/voucherswap-exploiting-mig-reference.html>). \n\nMach messages have also been a popular target for public security research. In 2020 there were two in-the-wild 0-days also in mach messages: [CVE-2020-27932](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2020/CVE-2020-27932.html>) &amp; [CVE-2020-27950](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2020/CVE-2020-27950.html>). This year\u2019s [CVE-2021-30869](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/analyzing-watering-hole-campaign-using-macos-exploits/>) is a pretty close variant to 2020\u2019s [CVE-2020-27932](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2020/CVE-2020-27932.html>). Tielei Wang and Xinru Chi actually [presented on this vulnerability at zer0con 2021](<https://github.com/wangtielei/Slides/blob/main/zer0con21.pdf>) in April 2021. In their presentation, they explained that they found it while doing variant analysis on [CVE-2020-27932](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2020/CVE-2020-27932.html>). [TieLei Wang explained via Twitter](<https://twitter.com/WangTielei/status/1486266258152726530>) that they had found the vulnerability in December 2020 and had noticed it was fixed in beta versions of iOS 14.4 and macOS 11.2 which is why they presented it at Zer0Con. The in-the-wild exploit only targeted macOS 10, but used the same exploitation technique as the one presented.\n\nThe two FORCEDENTRY exploits ([CVE-2021-30860](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html>) and the [sandbox escape](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/03/forcedentry-sandbox-escape.html>)) were the only times that made us all go \u201cwow!\u201d this year. For [CVE-2021-30860](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html>), the integer overflow in CoreGraphics, it was because: \n\n 1. For years we\u2019ve all heard about how attackers are using 0-click iMessage bugs and finally we have a public example, and\n 2. The exploit was an impressive work of art. \n\nThe sandbox escape (CVE requested, not yet assigned) was impressive because it\u2019s one of the few times we\u2019ve seen a sandbox escape in-the-wild that uses only logic bugs, rather than the standard memory corruption bugs. \n\nFor [CVE-2021-30860](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html>), the vulnerability itself wasn\u2019t especially notable: a classic integer overflow within the JBIG2 parser of the CoreGraphics PDF decoder. The exploit, though, was described by Samuel Gro\u00df &amp; Ian Beer as \u201cone of the most technically sophisticated exploits [they]\u2019ve ever seen\u201d. [Their blogpost shares all the details](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html>), but the highlight is that the exploit uses the logical operators available in JBIG2 to build NAND gates which are used to build its own computer architecture. The exploit then writes the rest of its exploit using that new custom architecture. From their blogpost:\n\nUsing over 70,000 segment commands defining logical bit operations, they define a small computer architecture with features such as registers and a full 64-bit adder and comparator which they use to search memory and perform arithmetic operations. It's not as fast as Javascript, but it's fundamentally computationally equivalent.\n\nThe bootstrapping operations for the sandbox escape exploit are written to run on this logic circuit and the whole thing runs in this weird, emulated environment created out of a single decompression pass through a JBIG2 stream. It's pretty incredible, and at the same time, pretty terrifying.\n\nThis is an example of what making 0-day exploitation hard could look like: attackers having to develop a new and novel way to exploit a bug and that method requires lots of expertise and/or time to develop. This year, the two FORCEDENTRY exploits were the only 0-days out of the 58 that really impressed us. Hopefully in the future, the bar has been raised such that this will be required for any successful exploitation.\n\n## Android\n\nThere were 7 Android in-the-wild 0-days detected and disclosed this year. Prior to 2021 there had only been 1 and it was in 2019: [CVE-2019-2215](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2019/CVE-2019-2215.html>). Like WebKit, this lack of data makes it hard for us to assess trends and changes. Instead, we\u2019ll compare it to public security research.\n\nFor the 7 Android 0-days they targeted the following components:\n\n * Qualcomm Adreno GPU driver ([CVE-2020-11261](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-01-01>), [CVE-2021-1905](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild/0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1905.html>), [CVE-2021-1906](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-05-01>))\n * ARM Mali GPU driver ([CVE-2021-28663](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-05-01>), [CVE-2021-28664](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-05-01>))\n * Upstream Linux kernel ([CVE-2021-1048](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1048.html>), [CVE-2021-0920](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-11-01#kernel-components>))\n\n5 of the 7 0-days from 2021 targeted GPU drivers. This is actually not that surprising when we consider the evolution of the Android ecosystem as well as recent public security research into Android. The Android ecosystem is quite fragmented: many different kernel versions, different manufacturer customizations, etc. If an attacker wants a capability against \u201cAndroid devices\u201d, they generally need to maintain many different exploits to have a decent percentage of the Android ecosystem covered. However, if the attacker chooses to target the GPU kernel driver instead of another component, they will only need to have two exploits since most Android devices use 1 of 2 GPUs: either the Qualcomm Adreno GPU or the ARM Mali GPU. \n\nPublic security research mirrored this choice in the last couple of years as well. When developing full exploit chains (for defensive purposes) to target Android devices, [Guang Gong](<https://github.com/secmob/TiYunZong-An-Exploit-Chain-to-Remotely-Root-Modern-Android-Devices/blob/master/us-20-Gong-TiYunZong-An-Exploit-Chain-to-Remotely-Root-Modern-Android-Devices-wp.pdf>), [Man Yue Mo](<https://securitylab.github.com/research/one_day_short_of_a_fullchain_android/>), and [Ben Hawkes](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2020/09/attacking-qualcomm-adreno-gpu.html>) all chose to attack the GPU kernel driver for local privilege escalation. Seeing the in-the-wild 0-days also target the GPU was more of a confirmation rather than a revelation. Of the 5 0-days targeting GPU drivers, 3 were in the Qualcomm Adreno driver and 2 in the ARM Mali driver. \n\nThe two non-GPU driver 0-days ([CVE-2021-0920](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-11-01#kernel-components>) and [CVE-2021-1048](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1048.html>)) targeted the upstream Linux kernel. Unfortunately, these 2 bugs shared a singular characteristic with the Android in-the-wild 0-day seen in 2019: all 3 were previously known upstream before their exploitation in Android. While the sample size is small, it\u2019s still quite striking to see that 100% of the known in-the-wild Android 0-days that target the kernel are bugs that actually were known about before their exploitation.\n\nThe vulnerability now referred to as [CVE-2021-0920](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-11-01#kernel-components>) was actually found in September 2016 and [discussed on the Linux kernel mailing lists](<https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAOssrKcfncAYsQWkfLGFgoOxAQJVT2hYVWdBA6Cw7hhO8RJ_wQ@mail.gmail.com/>). A [patch was even developed back in 2016](<https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1475150954-10152-1-git-send-email-mszeredi@redhat.com/>), but it didn\u2019t end up being submitted. The bug was finally [fixed in the Linux kernel in July 2021](<https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=cbcf01128d0a92e131bd09f1688fe032480b65ca>) after the detection of the in-the-wild exploit targeting Android. The patch then made it into the [Android security bulletin in November 2021](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-11-01#kernel-components>).\n\n[CVE-2021-1048](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-1048.html>) remained unpatched in Android for 14 months after it was patched in the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel was actually only vulnerable to the issue for a few weeks, but due to Android patching practices, that few weeks became almost a year for some Android devices. If an Android OEM synced to the upstream kernel, then they likely were patched against the vulnerability at some point. But many devices, such as recent Samsung devices, had not and thus were left vulnerable.\n\n## Microsoft Exchange Server\n\nIn 2021, there were 5 in-the-wild 0-days targeting Microsoft Exchange Server. This is the first time any Exchange Server in-the-wild 0-days have been detected and disclosed since we began tracking in-the-wild 0-days. The first four ([CVE-2021-26855](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-26855.html>), [CVE-2021-26857](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26857>), [CVE-2021-26858](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26858>), and [CVE-2021-27065](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-27065>)) were all disclosed and patched at the same time and used together in a [single operation](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/>). The fifth ([CVE-2021-42321](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-42321>)) was patched on its own in November 2021. [CVE-2021-42321](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-42321>) was demonstrated at Tianfu Cup and then discovered in-the-wild by Microsoft. While no other in-the-wild 0-days were disclosed as part of the chain with [CVE-2021-42321](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-42321>), the attackers would have required at least another 0-day for successful exploitation since [CVE-2021-42321](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-42321>) is a post-authentication bug.\n\nOf the four Exchange in-the-wild 0-days used in the first campaign, [CVE-2021-26855](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-26855.html>), which is also known as \u201cProxyLogon\u201d, is the only one that\u2019s pre-auth. [CVE-2021-26855](<https://googleprojectzero.github.io/0days-in-the-wild//0day-RCAs/2021/CVE-2021-26855.html>) is a server side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to send arbitrary HTTP requests as the Exchange server. The other three vulnerabilities were post-authentication. For example, [CVE-2021-26858](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26858>) and [CVE-2021-27065](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-27065>) allowed attackers to write arbitrary files to the system. [CVE-2021-26857](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26857>) is a remote code execution vulnerability due to a deserialization bug in the Unified Messaging service. This allowed attackers to run code as the privileged SYSTEM user.\n\nFor the second campaign, [CVE-2021-42321](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-42321>), like [CVE-2021-26858](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26858>), is a post-authentication RCE vulnerability due to insecure deserialization. It seems that while attempting to harden Exchange, Microsoft inadvertently introduced another deserialization vulnerability.\n\nWhile there were a significant amount of 0-days in Exchange detected and disclosed in 2021, it\u2019s important to remember that they were all used as 0-day in only two different campaigns. This is an example of why we don\u2019t suggest using the number of 0-days in a product as a metric to assess the security of a product. Requiring the use of four 0-days for attackers to have success is preferable to an attacker only needing one 0-day to successfully gain access.\n\nWhile this is the first time Exchange in-the-wild 0-days have been detected and disclosed since Project Zero began our tracking, this is not unexpected. In 2020 there was [n-day exploitation of Exchange Servers](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2020/03/10/unpatched-microsoft-exchange-servers-vulnerable-cve-2020-0688>). Whether this was the first year that attackers began the 0-day exploitation or if this was the first year that defenders began detecting the 0-day exploitation, this is not an unexpected evolution and we\u2019ll likely see it continue into 2022.\n\n# Outstanding Questions\n\nWhile there has been progress on detection and disclosure, that progress has shown just how much work there still is to do. The more data we gained, the more questions that arose about biases in detection, what we\u2019re missing and why, and the need for more transparency from both vendors and researchers.\n\nUntil the day that attackers decide to happily share all their exploits with us, we can\u2019t fully know what percentage of 0-days are publicly known about. However when we pull together our expertise as security researchers and anecdotes from others in the industry, it paints a picture of some of the data we\u2019re very likely missing. From that, these are some of the key questions we\u2019re asking ourselves as we move into 2022:\n\n## Where are the [x] 0-days?\n\nDespite the number of 0-days found in 2021, there are key targets missing from the 0-days discovered. For example, we know that messaging applications like WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram, etc. are targets of interest to attackers and yet there\u2019s only 1 messaging app, in this case iMessage, 0-day found this past year. Since we began tracking in mid-2014 the total is two: a WhatsApp 0-day in 2019 and this iMessage 0-day found in 2021.\n\nAlong with messaging apps, there are other platforms/targets we\u2019d expect to see 0-days targeting, yet there are no or very few public examples. For example, since mid-2014 there\u2019s only one in-the-wild 0-day each for macOS and Linux. There are no known in-the-wild 0-days targeting cloud, CPU vulnerabilities, or other phone components such as the WiFi chip or the baseband.\n\nThis leads to the question of whether these 0-days are absent due to lack of detection, lack of disclosure, or both?\n\n## Do some vendors have no known in-the-wild 0-days because they\u2019ve never been found or because they don\u2019t publicly disclose?\n\nUnless a vendor has told us that they will publicly disclose exploitation status for all vulnerabilities in their platforms, we, the public, don\u2019t know if the absence of an annotation means that there is no known exploitation of a vulnerability or if there is, but the vendor is just not sharing that information publicly. Thankfully this question is something that has a pretty clear solution: all device and software vendors agreeing to publicly disclose when there is evidence to suggest that a vulnerability in their product is being exploited in-the-wild.\n\n## Are we seeing the same bug patterns because that\u2019s what we know how to detect?\n\nAs we described earlier in this report, all the 0-days we saw in 2021 had similarities to previously seen vulnerabilities. This leads us to wonder whether or not that\u2019s actually representative of what attackers are using. Are attackers actually having success exclusively using vulnerabilities in bug classes and components that are previously public? Or are we detecting all these 0-days with known bug patterns because that\u2019s what we know how to detect? Public security research would suggest that yes, attackers are still able to have success with using vulnerabilities in known components and bug classes the majority of the time. But we\u2019d still expect to see a few novel and unexpected vulnerabilities in the grouping. We posed this question back in the 2019 year-in-review and it still lingers. \n\n## Where are the spl0itz?\n\nTo successfully exploit a vulnerability there are two key pieces that make up that exploit: the vulnerability being exploited, and the exploitation method (how that vulnerability is turned into something useful). \n\nUnfortunately, this report could only really analyze one of these components: the vulnerability. Out of the 58 0-days, only 5 have an exploit sample publicly available. Discovered in-the-wild 0-days are the failure case for attackers and a key opportunity for defenders to learn what attackers are doing and make it harder, more time-intensive, more costly, to do it again. Yet without the exploit sample or a detailed technical write-up based upon the sample, we can only focus on fixing the vulnerability rather than also mitigating the exploitation method. This means that attackers are able to continue to use their existing exploit methods rather than having to go back to the design and development phase to build a new exploitation method. While acknowledging that sharing exploit samples can be challenging (we have that challenge too!), we hope in 2022 there will be more sharing of exploit samples or detailed technical write-ups so that we can come together to use every possible piece of information to make it harder for the attackers to exploit more users.\n\nAs an aside, if you have an exploit sample that you\u2019re willing to share with us, please reach out. Whether it\u2019s sharing with us and having us write a detailed technical description and analysis or having us share it publicly, we\u2019d be happy to work with you.\n\n# Conclusion\n\nLooking back on 2021, what comes to mind is \u201cbaby steps\u201d. We can see clear industry improvement in the detection and disclosure of 0-day exploits. But the better detection and disclosure has highlighted other opportunities for progress. As an industry we\u2019re not making 0-day hard. Attackers are having success using vulnerabilities similar to what we\u2019ve seen previously and in components that have previously been discussed as attack surfaces.The goal is to force attackers to start from scratch each time we detect one of their exploits: they\u2019re forced to discover a whole new vulnerability, they have to invest the time in learning and analyzing a new attack surface, they must develop a brand new exploitation method. And while we made distinct progress in detection and disclosure it has shown us areas where that can continue to improve.\n\nWhile this all may seem daunting, the promising part is that we\u2019ve done it before: we have made clear progress on previously daunting goals. In 2019, we discussed the large detection deficit for 0-day exploits and 2 years later more than double were detected and disclosed. So while there is still plenty more work to do, it\u2019s a tractable problem. There are concrete steps that the tech and security industries can take to make it even more progress: \n\n\n 1. Make it an industry standard behavior for all vendors to publicly disclose when there is evidence to suggest that a vulnerability in their product is being exploited,\n 2. Vendors and security researchers sharing exploit samples or detailed descriptions of the exploit techniques.\n 3. Continued concerted efforts on reducing memory corruption vulnerabilities or rendering them unexploitable.\n\nThrough 2021 we continually saw the real world impacts of the use of 0-day exploits against users and entities. Amnesty International, the Citizen Lab, and others highlighted [over](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/10/breaking-news-new-york-times-journalist-ben-hubbard-pegasus/>) and [over](<https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/doc10/4491/2021/en/>) how governments were using commercial surveillance products against [journalists](<https://forbiddenstories.org/pegasus-the-new-global-weapon-for-silencing-journalists/>), [human rights defenders](<https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2021/11/devices-of-palestinian-human-rights-defenders-hacked-with-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-2/>), and [government officials](<https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-us-state-department-phones-hacked-with-israeli-company-spyware-sources-2021-12-03/>). We saw many enterprises scrambling to remediate and protect themselves from the [Exchange Server 0-days](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/>). And we even learned of peer [security researchers being targeted by ](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/update-campaign-targeting-security-researchers/>)[North Korean government hackers](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/update-campaign-targeting-security-researchers/>). While the majority of people on the planet do not need to worry about their own personal risk of being targeted with 0-days, 0-day exploitation still affects us all. These 0-days tend to have an outsized impact on society so we need to continue doing whatever we can to make it harder for attackers to be successful in these attacks.\n\n2021 showed us we\u2019re on the right track and making progress, but there\u2019s plenty more to be done to make 0-day hard.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-04-19T00:00:00", "type": "googleprojectzero", "title": "\nThe More You Know, The More You Know You Don\u2019t Know\n", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2016-4654", "CVE-2019-13720", "CVE-2019-2215", "CVE-2019-6625", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-11261", "CVE-2020-16009", "CVE-2020-27932", "CVE-2020-27950", "CVE-2021-0920", "CVE-2021-1048", "CVE-2021-1732", "CVE-2021-1782", "CVE-2021-1844", "CVE-2021-1870", "CVE-2021-1871", "CVE-2021-1879", "CVE-2021-1905", "CVE-2021-1906", "CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-26411", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-28310", "CVE-2021-28663", "CVE-2021-28664", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-30661", "CVE-2021-30663", "CVE-2021-30665", "CVE-2021-30737", "CVE-2021-30807", "CVE-2021-30858", "CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2021-30869", "CVE-2021-30883", "CVE-2021-31199", "CVE-2021-31201", "CVE-2021-31955", "CVE-2021-31956", "CVE-2021-31979", "CVE-2021-33742", "CVE-2021-33771", "CVE-2021-34448", "CVE-2021-36948", "CVE-2021-37973", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37976", "CVE-2021-38000", "CVE-2021-38003", "CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2021-40449", "CVE-2021-41773", "CVE-2021-42321", "CVE-2022-21882", "CVE-2022-22587"], "modified": "2022-04-19T00:00:00", "id": "GOOGLEPROJECTZERO:CA925EE6A931620550EF819815B14156", "href": "https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/04/the-more-you-know-more-you-know-you.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "gentoo": [{"lastseen": "2022-01-17T18:58:28", "description": "### Background\n\nChromium is an open-source browser project that aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable way for all users to experience the web. \n\nGoogle Chrome is one fast, simple, and secure browser for all your devices. \n\n### Description\n\nMultiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Chromium and Google Chrome. Please review the CVE identifiers referenced below for details. \n\n### Impact\n\nA remote attacker could execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, obtain sensitive information, spoof a URL or cause a Denial of Service condition. \n\n### Workaround\n\nThere is no known workaround at this time.\n\n### Resolution\n\nAll Google Chrome users should upgrade to the latest version:\n \n \n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose\n \">=www-client/google-chrome-91.0.4472.114\"\n \n\nAll Chromium users should upgrade to the latest version:\n \n \n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose\n \">=www-client/chromium-91.0.4472.114\"", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "gentoo", "title": "Chromium, Google Chrome: Multiple vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30506", "CVE-2021-30507", "CVE-2021-30508", "CVE-2021-30509", "CVE-2021-30510", "CVE-2021-30511", "CVE-2021-30512", "CVE-2021-30513", "CVE-2021-30514", "CVE-2021-30515", "CVE-2021-30516", "CVE-2021-30517", "CVE-2021-30518", "CVE-2021-30519", "CVE-2021-30520", "CVE-2021-30521", "CVE-2021-30522", "CVE-2021-30523", "CVE-2021-30524", "CVE-2021-30525", "CVE-2021-30526", "CVE-2021-30527", "CVE-2021-30528", "CVE-2021-30530", "CVE-2021-30531", "CVE-2021-30532", "CVE-2021-30533", "CVE-2021-30534", "CVE-2021-30536", "CVE-2021-30537", "CVE-2021-30538", "CVE-2021-30539", "CVE-2021-30540", "CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "GLSA-202107-06", "href": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202107-06", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-14T17:04:20", "description": "### Background\n\nChromium is an open-source browser project that aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable way for all users to experience the web. Google Chrome is one fast, simple, and secure browser for all your devices. Microsoft Edge is a browser that combines a minimal design with sophisticated technology to make the web faster, safer, and easier.\n\n### Description\n\nMultiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Chromium and its derivatives. Please review the CVE identifiers referenced below for details.\n\n### Impact\n\nPlease review the referenced CVE identifiers for details.\n\n### Workaround\n\nThere is no known workaround at this time.\n\n### Resolution\n\nAll Chromium users should upgrade to the latest version:\n \n \n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose \">=www-client/chromium-103.0.5060.53\"\n \n\nAll Chromium binary users should upgrade to the latest version:\n \n \n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose \">=www-client/chromium-bin-103.0.5060.53\"\n \n\nAll Google Chrome users should upgrade to the latest version:\n \n \n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose \">=www-client/google-chrome-103.0.5060.53\"\n \n\nAll Microsoft Edge users should upgrade to the latest version:\n \n \n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose \">=www-client/chromium-103.0.5060.53\"\n \n\nAll QtWebEngine users should upgrade to the latest version:\n \n \n # emerge --sync\n # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose \">=dev-qt/qtwebengine-5.15.5_p20220618\"", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-08-14T00:00:00", "type": "gentoo", "title": "Chromium, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, QtWebEngine: Multiple Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-4052", "CVE-2021-4053", "CVE-2021-4054", "CVE-2021-4055", "CVE-2021-4056", "CVE-2021-4057", "CVE-2021-4058", "CVE-2021-4059", "CVE-2021-4061", "CVE-2021-4062", "CVE-2021-4063", "CVE-2021-4064", "CVE-2021-4065", "CVE-2021-4066", "CVE-2021-4067", "CVE-2021-4068", "CVE-2021-4078", "CVE-2021-4079", "CVE-2022-0789", "CVE-2022-0790", "CVE-2022-0791", "CVE-2022-0792", "CVE-2022-0793", "CVE-2022-0794", "CVE-2022-0795", "CVE-2022-0796", "CVE-2022-0797", "CVE-2022-0798", "CVE-2022-0799", "CVE-2022-0800", "CVE-2022-0801", "CVE-2022-0802", "CVE-2022-0803", "CVE-2022-0804", "CVE-2022-0805", "CVE-2022-0806", "CVE-2022-0807", "CVE-2022-0808", "CVE-2022-0809", "CVE-2022-0971", "CVE-2022-0972", "CVE-2022-0973", "CVE-2022-0974", "CVE-2022-0975", "CVE-2022-0976", "CVE-2022-0977", "CVE-2022-0978", "CVE-2022-0979", "CVE-2022-0980", "CVE-2022-1096", "CVE-2022-1125", "CVE-2022-1127", "CVE-2022-1128", "CVE-2022-1129", "CVE-2022-1130", "CVE-2022-1131", "CVE-2022-1132", "CVE-2022-1133", "CVE-2022-1134", "CVE-2022-1135", "CVE-2022-1136", "CVE-2022-1137", "CVE-2022-1138", "CVE-2022-1139", "CVE-2022-1141", "CVE-2022-1142", "CVE-2022-1143", "CVE-2022-1144", "CVE-2022-1145", "CVE-2022-1146", "CVE-2022-1232", "CVE-2022-1305", "CVE-2022-1306", "CVE-2022-1307", "CVE-2022-1308", "CVE-2022-1309", "CVE-2022-1310", "CVE-2022-1311", "CVE-2022-1312", "CVE-2022-1313", "CVE-2022-1314", "CVE-2022-1364", "CVE-2022-1477", "CVE-2022-1478", "CVE-2022-1479", "CVE-2022-1480", "CVE-2022-1481", "CVE-2022-1482", "CVE-2022-1483", "CVE-2022-1484", "CVE-2022-1485", "CVE-2022-1486", "CVE-2022-1487", "CVE-2022-1488", "CVE-2022-1489", "CVE-2022-1490", "CVE-2022-1491", "CVE-2022-1492", "CVE-2022-1493", "CVE-2022-1494", "CVE-2022-1495", "CVE-2022-1496", "CVE-2022-1497", "CVE-2022-1498", "CVE-2022-1499", "CVE-2022-1500", "CVE-2022-1501", "CVE-2022-1633", "CVE-2022-1634", "CVE-2022-1635", "CVE-2022-1636", "CVE-2022-1637", "CVE-2022-1639", "CVE-2022-1640", "CVE-2022-1641", "CVE-2022-1853", "CVE-2022-1854", "CVE-2022-1855", "CVE-2022-1856", "CVE-2022-1857", "CVE-2022-1858", "CVE-2022-1859", "CVE-2022-1860", "CVE-2022-1861", "CVE-2022-1862", "CVE-2022-1863", "CVE-2022-1864", "CVE-2022-1865", "CVE-2022-1866", "CVE-2022-1867", "CVE-2022-1868", "CVE-2022-1869", "CVE-2022-1870", "CVE-2022-1871", "CVE-2022-1872", "CVE-2022-1873", "CVE-2022-1874", "CVE-2022-1875", "CVE-2022-1876", "CVE-2022-2007", "CVE-2022-2010", "CVE-2022-2011", "CVE-2022-2156", "CVE-2022-2157", "CVE-2022-2158", "CVE-2022-2160", "CVE-2022-2161", "CVE-2022-2162", "CVE-2022-2163", "CVE-2022-2164", "CVE-2022-2165", "CVE-2022-22021", "CVE-2022-24475", "CVE-2022-24523", "CVE-2022-26891", "CVE-2022-26894", "CVE-2022-26895", "CVE-2022-26900", "CVE-2022-26905", "CVE-2022-26908", "CVE-2022-26909", "CVE-2022-26912", "CVE-2022-29144", "CVE-2022-29146", "CVE-2022-29147", "CVE-2022-30127", "CVE-2022-30128", "CVE-2022-30192", "CVE-2022-33638", "CVE-2022-33639"], "modified": "2022-08-14T00:00:00", "id": "GLSA-202208-25", "href": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-25", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "fedora": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:46:52", "description": "Chromium is an open-source web browser, powered by WebKit (Blink). ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-09T01:03:32", "type": "fedora", "title": "[SECURITY] Fedora 34 Update: chromium-91.0.4472.114-1.fc34", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30506", "CVE-2021-30507", "CVE-2021-30508", "CVE-2021-30509", "CVE-2021-30510", "CVE-2021-30511", "CVE-2021-30512", "CVE-2021-30513", "CVE-2021-30514", "CVE-2021-30515", "CVE-2021-30516", "CVE-2021-30517", "CVE-2021-30518", "CVE-2021-30519", "CVE-2021-30520", "CVE-2021-30521", "CVE-2021-30522", "CVE-2021-30523", "CVE-2021-30524", "CVE-2021-30525", "CVE-2021-30526", "CVE-2021-30527", "CVE-2021-30528", "CVE-2021-30529", "CVE-2021-30530", "CVE-2021-30531", "CVE-2021-30532", "CVE-2021-30533", "CVE-2021-30534", "CVE-2021-30535", "CVE-2021-30536", "CVE-2021-30537", "CVE-2021-30538", "CVE-2021-30539", "CVE-2021-30540", "CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-07-09T01:03:32", "id": "FEDORA:10E2D309BE14", "href": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/PAT6EOXVQFE6JFMFQF4IKAOUQSHMHL54/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:46:52", "description": "Chromium is an open-source web browser, powered by WebKit (Blink). ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-18T01:04:26", "type": "fedora", "title": "[SECURITY] Fedora 33 Update: chromium-91.0.4472.114-2.fc33", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30506", "CVE-2021-30507", "CVE-2021-30508", "CVE-2021-30509", "CVE-2021-30510", "CVE-2021-30511", "CVE-2021-30512", "CVE-2021-30513", "CVE-2021-30514", "CVE-2021-30515", "CVE-2021-30516", "CVE-2021-30517", "CVE-2021-30518", "CVE-2021-30519", "CVE-2021-30520", "CVE-2021-30521", "CVE-2021-30522", "CVE-2021-30523", "CVE-2021-30524", "CVE-2021-30525", "CVE-2021-30526", "CVE-2021-30527", "CVE-2021-30528", "CVE-2021-30529", "CVE-2021-30530", "CVE-2021-30531", "CVE-2021-30532", "CVE-2021-30533", "CVE-2021-30534", "CVE-2021-30535", "CVE-2021-30536", "CVE-2021-30537", "CVE-2021-30538", "CVE-2021-30539", "CVE-2021-30540", "CVE-2021-30544", "CVE-2021-30545", "CVE-2021-30546", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30549", "CVE-2021-30550", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30552", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30555", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30557"], "modified": "2021-07-18T01:04:26", "id": "FEDORA:6987B3049380", "href": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/ETMZL6IHCTCTREEL434BQ4THQ7EOHJ43/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-02-10T00:00:00", "description": "Qt5 - QtWebEngine components. ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.6, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-02-04T01:23:18", "type": "fedora", "title": "[SECURITY] Fedora 34 Update: qt5-qtwebengine-5.15.8-2.fc34", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30522", "CVE-2021-30523", "CVE-2021-30530", "CVE-2021-30533", "CVE-2021-30534", "CVE-2021-30535", "CVE-2021-30536", "CVE-2021-30541", "CVE-2021-30547", "CVE-2021-30548", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30553", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30556", "CVE-2021-30559", "CVE-2021-30560", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30566", "CVE-2021-30568", "CVE-2021-30569", "CVE-2021-30573", "CVE-2021-30585", "CVE-2021-30587", "CVE-2021-30588", "CVE-2021-30598", "CVE-2021-30599", "CVE-2021-30602", "CVE-2021-30603", "CVE-2021-30604", "CVE-2021-30613", "CVE-2021-30616", "CVE-2021-30618", "CVE-2021-30625", "CVE-2021-30626", "CVE-2021-30627", "CVE-2021-30628", "CVE-2021-30629", "CVE-2021-30630", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-3517", "CVE-2021-3541", "CVE-2021-37962", "CVE-2021-37967", "CVE-2021-37968", "CVE-2021-37971", "CVE-2021-37972", "CVE-2021-37973", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37978", "CVE-2021-37979", "CVE-2021-37980", "CVE-2021-37984", "CVE-2021-37987", "CVE-2021-37989", "CVE-2021-37993", "CVE-2021-37996", "CVE-2021-38001", "CVE-2021-38003", "CVE-2021-38005", "CVE-2021-38007", "CVE-2021-38009", "CVE-2021-38012", "CVE-2021-38015", "CVE-2021-38017", "CVE-2021-38018", "CVE-2021-38021", "CVE-2021-38022", "CVE-2021-4057", "CVE-2021-4058", "CVE-2021-4059", "CVE-2021-4062", "CVE-2021-4079", "CVE-2021-4098", "CVE-2021-4099", "CVE-2021-4101", "CVE-2021-4102"], "modified": "2022-02-04T01:23:18", "id": "FEDORA:75CA430AA7A6", "href": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/TAQAOVT4SUACCJLZJ5TNNXKVBC2JWMPG/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "qualysblog": [{"lastseen": "2021-11-09T06:36:02", "description": "[Start your VMDR 30-day, no-cost trial today](<https://www.qualys.com/forms/vmdr/>)\n\n## Overview\n\nOn November 3, 2021, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a [Binding Operational Directive 22-01](<https://cyber.dhs.gov/bod/22-01/>), &quot;Reducing the Significant Risk of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities.&quot; [This directive](<https://www.cisa.gov/news/2021/11/03/cisa-releases-directive-reducing-significant-risk-known-exploited-vulnerabilities>) recommends urgent and prioritized remediation of the vulnerabilities that adversaries are actively exploiting. It establishes a CISA-managed catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities that carry significant risk to the federal government and establishes requirements for agencies to remediate these vulnerabilities.\n\nThis directive requires agencies to review and update agency internal vulnerability management procedures within 60 days according to this directive and remediate each vulnerability according to the timelines outlined in &#x27;CISA&#x27;s vulnerability catalog.\n\nQualys helps customers to identify and assess risk to organizations&#x27; digital infrastructure and automate remediation. Qualys&#x27; guidance for rapid response to Operational Directive is below.\n\n## Directive Scope\n\nThis directive applies to all software and hardware found on federal information systems managed on agency premises or hosted by third parties on an agency&#x27;s behalf.\n\nHowever, CISA strongly recommends that private businesses and state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) governments prioritize the mitigation of vulnerabilities listed in CISA&#x27;s public catalog.\n\n## CISA Catalog of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities\n\nIn total, CISA posted a list of [291 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs)](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>) that pose the highest risk to federal agencies. The Qualys Research team has mapped all these CVEs to applicable QIDs. You can view the complete list of CVEs and the corresponding QIDs [here](<https://success.qualys.com/discussions/s/article/000006791>).\n\n### Not all vulnerabilities are created equal\n\nOur quick review of the 291 CVEs posted by CISA suggests that not all vulnerabilities hold the same priority. CISA has ordered U.S. federal enterprises to apply patches as soon as possible. The remediation guidance can be grouped into three distinct categories:\n\n#### Category 1 \u2013 Past Due\n\nRemediation of 15 CVEs (~5%) are already past due. These vulnerabilities include some of the most significant exploits in the recent past, including PrintNightmare, SigRed, ZeroLogon, and vulnerabilities in CryptoAPI, Pulse Secure, and more. Qualys Patch Management can help you remediate most of these vulnerabilities.\n\n#### Category 2 \u2013 Patch in less than two weeks\n\n100 (34%) Vulnerabilities need to be patched in the next two weeks, or by **November 17, 2022**.\n\n#### Category 3 \u2013 Patch within six months\n\nThe remaining 176 vulnerabilities (60%) must be patched within the next six months or by **May 3, 2022**.\n\n## Detect CISA&#x27;s Vulnerabilities Using Qualys VMDR\n\nThe Qualys Research team has released several remote and authenticated detections (QIDs) for the vulnerabilities. Since the directive includes 291 CVEs, we recommend executing your search based on vulnerability criticality, release date, or other categories.\n\nFor example, to detect critical CVEs released in 2021:\n\n_vulnerabilities.vulnerability.criticality:CRITICAL and vulnerabilities.vulnerability.cveIds:[ `CVE-2021-1497`,`CVE-2021-1498`,`CVE-2021-1647`,`CVE-2021-1675`,`CVE-2021-1732`,`CVE-2021-1782`,`CVE-2021-1870`,`CVE-2021-1871`,`CVE-2021-1879`,`CVE-2021-1905`,`CVE-2021-1906`,`CVE-2021-20016`,`CVE-2021-21017`,`CVE-2021-21148`,`CVE-2021-21166`,`CVE-2021-21193`,`CVE-2021-21206`,`CVE-2021-21220`,`CVE-2021-21224`,`CVE-2021-21972`,`CVE-2021-21985`,`CVE-2021-22005`,`CVE-2021-22205`,`CVE-2021-22502`,`CVE-2021-22893`,`CVE-2021-22894`,`CVE-2021-22899`,`CVE-2021-22900`,`CVE-2021-22986`,`CVE-2021-26084`,`CVE-2021-26411`,`CVE-2021-26855`,`CVE-2021-26857`,`CVE-2021-26858`,`CVE-2021-27059`,`CVE-2021-27065`,`CVE-2021-27085`,`CVE-2021-27101`,`CVE-2021-27102`,`CVE-2021-27103`,`CVE-2021-27104`,`CVE-2021-28310`,`CVE-2021-28550`,`CVE-2021-28663`,`CVE-2021-28664`,`CVE-2021-30116`,`CVE-2021-30551`,`CVE-2021-30554`,`CVE-2021-30563`,`CVE-2021-30632`,`CVE-2021-30633`,`CVE-2021-30657`,`CVE-2021-30661`,`CVE-2021-30663`,`CVE-2021-30665`,`CVE-2021-30666`,`CVE-2021-30713`,`CVE-2021-30761`,`CVE-2021-30762`,`CVE-2021-30807`,`CVE-2021-30858`,`CVE-2021-30860`,`CVE-2021-30860`,`CVE-2021-30869`,`CVE-2021-31199`,`CVE-2021-31201`,`CVE-2021-31207`,`CVE-2021-31955`,`CVE-2021-31956`,`CVE-2021-31979`,`CVE-2021-33739`,`CVE-2021-33742`,`CVE-2021-33771`,`CVE-2021-34448`,`CVE-2021-34473`,`CVE-2021-34523`,`CVE-2021-34527`,`CVE-2021-35211`,`CVE-2021-36741`,`CVE-2021-36742`,`CVE-2021-36942`,`CVE-2021-36948`,`CVE-2021-36955`,`CVE-2021-37973`,`CVE-2021-37975`,`CVE-2021-37976`,`CVE-2021-38000`,`CVE-2021-38003`,`CVE-2021-38645`,`CVE-2021-38647`,`CVE-2021-38647`,`CVE-2021-38648`,`CVE-2021-38649`,`CVE-2021-40444`,`CVE-2021-40539`,`CVE-2021-41773`,`CVE-2021-42013`,`CVE-2021-42258` ]_\n\n\n\nUsing [Qualys VMDR](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>), you can effectively prioritize those vulnerabilities using the VMDR Prioritization report.\n\n\n\nIn addition, you can locate a vulnerable host through Qualys Threat Protection by simply clicking on the impacted hosts to effectively identify and track this vulnerability.\n\n\n\nWith Qualys Unified Dashboard, you can track your exposure to the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities and gather your status and overall management in real-time. With trending enabled for dashboard widgets, you can keep track of the status of the vulnerabilities in your environment using the [&quot;CISA 2010-21| KNOWN EXPLOITED VULNERABILITIES&quot;](<https://success.qualys.com/support/s/article/000006791>) Dashboard.\n\n### Detailed Operational Dashboard:\n\n\n\n### Summary Dashboard High Level Structured by Vendor:\n\n\n\n## Remediation\n\nTo comply with this directive, federal agencies must remediate most &quot;Category 2&quot; vulnerabilities by **November 17, 2021**, and &quot;Category 3&quot; by May 3, 2021. Qualys Patch Management can help streamline the remediation of many of these vulnerabilities.\n\nCustomers can copy the following query into the Patch Management app to help customers comply with the directive&#x27;s aggressive remediation date of November 17, 2021. Running this query will find all required patches and allow quick and efficient deployment of those missing patches to all assets directly from within the Qualys Cloud Platform.\n\ncve:[`CVE-2021-1497`,`CVE-2021-1498`,`CVE-2021-1647`,`CVE-2021-1675`,`CVE-2021-1732`,`CVE-2021-1782`,`CVE-2021-1870`,`CVE-2021-1871`,`CVE-2021-1879`,`CVE-2021-1905`,`CVE-2021-1906`,`CVE-2021-20016`,`CVE-2021-21017`,`CVE-2021-21148`,`CVE-2021-21166`,`CVE-2021-21193`,`CVE-2021-21206`,`CVE-2021-21220`,`CVE-2021-21224`,`CVE-2021-21972`,`CVE-2021-21985`,`CVE-2021-22005`,`CVE-2021-22205`,`CVE-2021-22502`,`CVE-2021-22893`,`CVE-2021-22894`,`CVE-2021-22899`,`CVE-2021-22900`,`CVE-2021-22986`,`CVE-2021-26084`,`CVE-2021-26411`,`CVE-2021-26855`,`CVE-2021-26857`,`CVE-2021-26858`,`CVE-2021-27059`,`CVE-2021-27065`,`CVE-2021-27085`,`CVE-2021-27101`,`CVE-2021-27102`,`CVE-2021-27103`,`CVE-2021-27104`,`CVE-2021-28310`,`CVE-2021-28550`,`CVE-2021-28663`,`CVE-2021-28664`,`CVE-2021-30116`,`CVE-2021-30551`,`CVE-2021-30554`,`CVE-2021-30563`,`CVE-2021-30632`,`CVE-2021-30633`,`CVE-2021-30657`,`CVE-2021-30661`,`CVE-2021-30663`,`CVE-2021-30665`,`CVE-2021-30666`,`CVE-2021-30713`,`CVE-2021-30761`,`CVE-2021-30762`,`CVE-2021-30807`,`CVE-2021-30858`,`CVE-2021-30860`,`CVE-2021-30860`,`CVE-2021-30869`,`CVE-2021-31199`,`CVE-2021-31201`,`CVE-2021-31207`,`CVE-2021-31955`,`CVE-2021-31956`,`CVE-2021-31979`,`CVE-2021-33739`,`CVE-2021-33742`,`CVE-2021-33771`,`CVE-2021-34448`,`CVE-2021-34473`,`CVE-2021-34523`,`CVE-2021-34527`,`CVE-2021-35211`,`CVE-2021-36741`,`CVE-2021-36742`,`CVE-2021-36942`,`CVE-2021-36948`,`CVE-2021-36955`,`CVE-2021-37973`,`CVE-2021-37975`,`CVE-2021-37976`,`CVE-2021-38000`,`CVE-2021-38003`,`CVE-2021-38645`,`CVE-2021-38647`,`CVE-2021-38647`,`CVE-2021-38648`,`CVE-2021-38649`,`CVE-2021-40444`,`CVE-2021-40539`,`CVE-2021-41773`,`CVE-2021-42013`,`CVE-2021-42258` ]\n\n\n\nQualys patch content covers many Microsoft, Linux, and third-party applications; however, some of the vulnerabilities introduced by CISA are not currently supported out-of-the-box by Qualys. To remediate those vulnerabilities, Qualys provides the ability to deploy custom patches. The flexibility to customize patch deployment allows customers to patch the remaining CVEs in this list.\n\nNote that the due date for \u201cCategory 1\u201d patches has already passed. To find missing patches in your environment for \u201cCategory 1\u201d past due CVEs, copy the following query into the Patch Management app:\n\ncve:[&#x27;CVE-2021-1732\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2020-1350\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2020-1472\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2021-26855\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2021-26858\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2021-27065\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2020-0601\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2021-26857\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2021-22893\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2020-8243\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2021-22900\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2021-22894\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2020-8260\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2021-22899\u2032,&#x27;CVE-2019-11510&#x27;]\n\n\n\n## Federal Enterprises and Agencies Can Act Now\n\nFor federal enterprises and agencies, it&#x27;s a race against time to remediate these vulnerabilities across their respective environments and achieve compliance with this binding directive. Qualys solutions can help achieve compliance with this binding directive. Qualys Cloud Platform is FedRAMP authorized, with [107 FedRAMP authorizations](<https://marketplace.fedramp.gov/#!/product/qualys-cloud-platform?sort=-authorizations>).\n\nHere are a few steps Federal enterprises can take immediately:\n\n * Run vulnerability assessments against all your assets by leveraging various sensors such as Qualys agent, scanners, and more\n * Prioritize remediation by due dates\n * Identify all vulnerable assets automatically mapped into the threat feed\n * Use Patch Management to apply patches and other configurations changes\n * Track remediation progress through Unified Dashboards\n\n## Summary\n\nUnderstanding vulnerabilities is a critical but partial part of threat mitigation. Qualys VMDR helps customers discover, assess threats, assign risk, and remediate threats in one solution. Qualys customers rely on the accuracy of Qualys&#x27; threat intelligence to protect their digital environments and stay current with patch guidance. Using Qualys VMDR can help any organization efficiently respond to the CISA directive.\n\n## Getting Started\n\nLearn how [Qualys VMDR](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>) provides actionable vulnerability guidance and automates remediation in one solution. Ready to get started? Sign up for a 30-day, no-cost [VMDR trial](<https://www.qualys.com/forms/vmdr/>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-11-09T06:15:01", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "Qualys Response to CISA Alert: Binding Operational Directive 22-01", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2020-0601", "CVE-2020-1350", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2020-8243", "CVE-2020-8260", "CVE-2021-1497", "CVE-2021-1498", "CVE-2021-1647", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-1732", "CVE-2021-1782", "CVE-2021-1870", "CVE-2021-1871", "CVE-2021-1879", "CVE-2021-1905", "CVE-2021-1906", "CVE-2021-20016", "CVE-2021-21017", "CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-21972", "CVE-2021-21985", "CVE-2021-22005", "CVE-2021-22205", "CVE-2021-22502", "CVE-2021-22893", "CVE-2021-22894", "CVE-2021-22899", "CVE-2021-22900", "CVE-2021-22986", "CVE-2021-26084", "CVE-2021-26411", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27059", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-27085", "CVE-2021-27101", "CVE-2021-27102", "CVE-2021-27103", "CVE-2021-27104", "CVE-2021-28310", "CVE-2021-28550", "CVE-2021-28663", "CVE-2021-28664", "CVE-2021-30116", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-30657", "CVE-2021-30661", "CVE-2021-30663", "CVE-2021-30665", "CVE-2021-30666", "CVE-2021-30713", "CVE-2021-30761", "CVE-2021-30762", "CVE-2021-30807", "CVE-2021-30858", "CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2021-30869", "CVE-2021-31199", "CVE-2021-31201", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-31955", "CVE-2021-31956", "CVE-2021-31979", "CVE-2021-33739", "CVE-2021-33742", "CVE-2021-33771", "CVE-2021-34448", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-35211", "CVE-2021-36741", "CVE-2021-36742", "CVE-2021-36942", "CVE-2021-36948", "CVE-2021-36955", "CVE-2021-37973", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37976", "CVE-2021-38000", "CVE-2021-38003", "CVE-2021-38645", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38648", "CVE-2021-38649", "CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2021-40539", "CVE-2021-41773", "CVE-2021-42013", "CVE-2021-42258"], "modified": "2021-11-09T06:15:01", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:BC22CE22A3E70823D5F0E944CBD5CE4A", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/category/vulnerabilities-threat-research", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-02-25T19:27:09", "description": "_CISA released a directive in November 2021, recommending urgent and prioritized remediation of actively exploited vulnerabilities. Both government agencies and corporations should heed this advice. This blog outlines how Qualys Vulnerability Management, Detection &amp; Response can be used by any organization to respond to this directive efficiently and effectively._\n\n### Situation\n\nLast November 2021, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a [Binding Operational Directive 22-01](<https://cyber.dhs.gov/bod/22-01/>) called \u201cReducing the Significant Risk of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities.\u201d [This directive](<https://www.cisa.gov/news/2021/11/03/cisa-releases-directive-reducing-significant-risk-known-exploited-vulnerabilities>) recommends urgent and prioritized remediation of the vulnerabilities that adversaries are actively exploiting. It establishes a CISA-managed catalog of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities that carry significant risk to the federal government and sets requirements for agencies to remediate these vulnerabilities.\n\nThis directive requires federal agencies to review and update internal vulnerability management procedures to remediate each vulnerability according to the timelines outlined in CISA\u2019s vulnerability catalog.\n\n### Directive Scope\n\nThis CISA directive applies to all software and hardware found on federal information systems managed on agency premises or hosted by third parties on an agency\u2019s behalf.\n\nHowever, CISA strongly recommends that public and private businesses as well as state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) governments prioritize the mitigation of vulnerabilities listed in CISA\u2019s public catalog. This is truly vulnerability management guidance for all organizations to heed.\n\n### CISA Catalog of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities\n\nIn total, CISA posted a list of [379 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs)](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>) that pose the highest risk to federal agencies. CISA\u2019s most recent update was issued on February 22, 2022.\n\nThe Qualys Research team is continuously updating CVEs to available QIDs (Qualys vulnerability identifiers) in the Qualys Knowledgebase, with the RTI field \u201cCISA Exploited\u201d and this is going to be a continuous approach, as CISA frequently amends with the latest CVE as part of their regular feeds.\n\nOut of these vulnerabilities, Directive 22-01 urges all organizations to reduce their exposure to cyberattacks by effectively prioritizing the remediation of the identified Vulnerabilities.\n\nCISA has ordered U.S. federal agencies to apply patches as soon as possible. The remediation guidance is grouped into multiple categories by CISA based on attack surface severity and time-to-remediate. The timelines are available in the [Catalog](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>) for each of the CVEs.\n\n### Detect CISA Vulnerabilities Using Qualys VMDR\n\nQualys helps customers to identify and assess the risk to their organizations\u2019 digital infrastructure, and then to automate remediation. Qualys\u2019 guidance for rapid response to Directive 22-01 follows.\n\nThe Qualys Research team has released multiple remote and authenticated detections (QIDs) for these vulnerabilities. Since the directive includes 379 CVEs (as of February 22, 2022) we recommend executing your search based on QQL (Qualys Query Language), as shown here for released QIDs by Qualys **_vulnerabilities.vulnerability.threatIntel.cisaKnownExploitedVulns:&quot;true&quot;_**\n\n\n\n### CISA Exploited RTI\n\nUsing [Qualys VMDR](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>), you can effectively prioritize those vulnerabilities using VMDR Prioritization. Qualys has introduced an **RTI Category, CISA Exploited**.\n\nThis RTI indicates that the vulnerabilities are associated with the CISA catalog.\n\n\n\nIn addition, you can locate a vulnerable host through Qualys Threat Protection by simply clicking on the impacted hosts to effectively identify and track this vulnerability.\n\n\n\nWith Qualys Unified Dashboard, you can track your exposure to CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities and track your status and overall management in real-time. With dashboard widgets, you can keep track of the status of vulnerabilities in your environment using the [\u201cCISA 2010-21| KNOWN EXPLOITED VULNERABILITIES\u201d](<https://success.qualys.com/support/s/article/000006791>) Dashboard.\n\n### Detailed Operational Dashboard\n\n\n\n### Remediation\n\nTo comply with this directive, federal agencies need to remediate all vulnerabilities as per the remediation timelines suggested in [CISA Catalog](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>)**.**\n\nQualys patch content covers many Microsoft, Linux, and third-party applications. However, some of the vulnerabilities introduced by CISA are not currently supported out-of-the-box by Qualys. To remediate those vulnerabilities, Qualys provides the ability to deploy custom patches. The flexibility to customize patch deployment allows customers to patch all the remaining CVEs in their list.\n\nCustomers can copy the following query into the Patch Management app to help customers comply with the directive\u2019s aggressive remediation timelines set by CISA. Running this query for specific CVEs will find required patches and allow quick and efficient deployment of those missing patches to all assets directly from within Qualys Cloud Platform.\n \n \n cve:[`CVE-2010-5326`,`CVE-2012-0158`,`CVE-2012-0391`,`CVE-2012-3152`,`CVE-2013-3900`,`CVE-2013-3906`,`CVE-2014-1761`,`CVE-2014-1776`,`CVE-2014-1812`,`CVE-2015-1635`,`CVE-2015-1641`,`CVE-2015-4852`,`CVE-2016-0167`,`CVE-2016-0185`,`CVE-2016-3088`,`CVE-2016-3235`,`CVE-2016-3643`,`CVE-2016-3976`,`CVE-2016-7255`,`CVE-2016-9563`,`CVE-2017-0143`,`CVE-2017-0144`,`CVE-2017-0145`,`CVE-2017-0199`,`CVE-2017-0262`,`CVE-2017-0263`,`CVE-2017-10271`,`CVE-2017-11774`,`CVE-2017-11882`,`CVE-2017-5638`,`CVE-2017-5689`,`CVE-2017-6327`,`CVE-2017-7269`,`CVE-2017-8464`,`CVE-2017-8759`,`CVE-2017-9791`,`CVE-2017-9805`,`CVE-2017-9841`,`CVE-2018-0798`,`CVE-2018-0802`,`CVE-2018-1000861`,`CVE-2018-11776`,`CVE-2018-15961`,`CVE-2018-15982`,`CVE-2018-2380`,`CVE-2018-4878`,`CVE-2018-4939`,`CVE-2018-6789`,`CVE-2018-7600`,`CVE-2018-8174`,`CVE-2018-8453`,`CVE-2018-8653`,`CVE-2019-0193`,`CVE-2019-0211`,`CVE-2019-0541`,`CVE-2019-0604`,`CVE-2019-0708`,`CVE-2019-0752`,`CVE-2019-0797`,`CVE-2019-0803`,`CVE-2019-0808`,`CVE-2019-0859`,`CVE-2019-0863`,`CVE-2019-10149`,`CVE-2019-10758`,`CVE-2019-11510`,`CVE-2019-11539`,`CVE-2019-1214`,`CVE-2019-1215`,`CVE-2019-1367`,`CVE-2019-1429`,`CVE-2019-1458`,`CVE-2019-16759`,`CVE-2019-17026`,`CVE-2019-17558`,`CVE-2019-18187`,`CVE-2019-18988`,`CVE-2019-2725`,`CVE-2019-8394`,`CVE-2019-9978`,`CVE-2020-0601`,`CVE-2020-0646`,`CVE-2020-0674`,`CVE-2020-0683`,`CVE-2020-0688`,`CVE-2020-0787`,`CVE-2020-0796`,`CVE-2020-0878`,`CVE-2020-0938`,`CVE-2020-0968`,`CVE-2020-0986`,`CVE-2020-10148`,`CVE-2020-10189`,`CVE-2020-1020`,`CVE-2020-1040`,`CVE-2020-1054`,`CVE-2020-1147`,`CVE-2020-11738`,`CVE-2020-11978`,`CVE-2020-1350`,`CVE-2020-13671`,`CVE-2020-1380`,`CVE-2020-13927`,`CVE-2020-1464`,`CVE-2020-1472`,`CVE-2020-14750`,`CVE-2020-14871`,`CVE-2020-14882`,`CVE-2020-14883`,`CVE-2020-15505`,`CVE-2020-15999`,`CVE-2020-16009`,`CVE-2020-16010`,`CVE-2020-16013`,`CVE-2020-16017`,`CVE-2020-17087`,`CVE-2020-17144`,`CVE-2020-17496`,`CVE-2020-17530`,`CVE-2020-24557`,`CVE-2020-25213`,`CVE-2020-2555`,`CVE-2020-6207`,`CVE-2020-6287`,`CVE-2020-6418`,`CVE-2020-6572`,`CVE-2020-6819`,`CVE-2020-6820`,`CVE-2020-8243`,`CVE-2020-8260`,`CVE-2020-8467`,`CVE-2020-8468`,`CVE-2020-8599`,`CVE-2021-1647`,`CVE-2021-1675`,`CVE-2021-1732`,`CVE-2021-21017`,`CVE-2021-21148`,`CVE-2021-21166`,`CVE-2021-21193`,`CVE-2021-21206`,`CVE-2021-21220`,`CVE-2021-21224`,`CVE-2021-22204`,`CVE-2021-22893`,`CVE-2021-22894`,`CVE-2021-22899`,`CVE-2021-22900`,`CVE-2021-26411`,`CVE-2021-26855`,`CVE-2021-26857`,`CVE-2021-26858`,`CVE-2021-27059`,`CVE-2021-27065`,`CVE-2021-27085`,`CVE-2021-28310`,`CVE-2021-28550`,`CVE-2021-30116`,`CVE-2021-30551`,`CVE-2021-30554`,`CVE-2021-30563`,`CVE-2021-30632`,`CVE-2021-30633`,`CVE-2021-31199`,`CVE-2021-31201`,`CVE-2021-31207`,`CVE-2021-31955`,`CVE-2021-31956`,`CVE-2021-31979`,`CVE-2021-33739`,`CVE-2021-33742`,`CVE-2021-33766`,`CVE-2021-33771`,`CVE-2021-34448`,`CVE-2021-34473`,`CVE-2021-34523`,`CVE-2021-34527`,`CVE-2021-35211`,`CVE-2021-35247`,`CVE-2021-36741`,`CVE-2021-36742`,`CVE-2021-36934`,`CVE-2021-36942`,`CVE-2021-36948`,`CVE-2021-36955`,`CVE-2021-37415`,`CVE-2021-37973`,`CVE-2021-37975`,`CVE-2021-37976`,`CVE-2021-38000`,`CVE-2021-38003`,`CVE-2021-38645`,`CVE-2021-38647`,`CVE-2021-38648`,`CVE-2021-38649`,`CVE-2021-40438`,`CVE-2021-40444`,`CVE-2021-40449`,`CVE-2021-40539`,`CVE-2021-4102`,`CVE-2021-41773`,`CVE-2021-42013`,`CVE-2021-42292`,`CVE-2021-42321`,`CVE-2021-43890`,`CVE-2021-44077`,`CVE-2021-44228`,`CVE-2021-44515`,`CVE-2022-0609`,`CVE-2022-21882`,`CVE-2022-24086`,`CVE-2010-1871`,`CVE-2017-12149`,`CVE-2019-13272` ]\n\n\n\nVulnerabilities can be validated through VMDR and a Patch Job can be configured for vulnerable assets.\n\n\n\n### Federal Enterprises and Agencies Can Act Now\n\nFor federal agencies and enterprises, it\u2019s a race against time to remediate these vulnerabilities across their respective environments and achieve compliance with this binding directive. Qualys solutions can help your organization to achieve compliance with this binding directive. Qualys Cloud Platform is FedRAMP authorized, with [107 FedRAMP authorizations](<https://marketplace.fedramp.gov/#!/product/qualys-cloud-platform?sort=-authorizations>) to our credit.\n\nHere are a few steps Federal entities can take immediately:\n\n * Run vulnerability assessments against all of your assets by leveraging our various sensors such as Qualys agent, scanners, and more\n * Prioritize remediation by due dates\n * Identify all vulnerable assets automatically mapped into the threat feed\n * Use Qualys Patch Management to apply patches and other configuration changes\n * Track remediation progress through our Unified Dashboards\n\n### Summary\n\nUnderstanding just which vulnerabilities exist in your environment is a critical but small part of threat mitigation. Qualys VMDR helps customers discover their exposure, assess threats, assign risk, and remediate threats \u2013 all in a single unified solution. Qualys customers rely on the accuracy of Qualys\u2019 threat intelligence to protect their digital environments and stay current with patch guidance. Using Qualys VMDR can help any size organization efficiently respond to CISA Binding Operational Directive 22-01.\n\n#### Getting Started\n\nLearn how [Qualys VMDR](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>) provides actionable vulnerability guidance and automates remediation in one solution. Ready to get started? Sign up for a 30-day, no-cost [VMDR trial](<https://www.qualys.com/forms/vmdr/>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-02-23T05:39:00", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "Managing CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities with Qualys VMDR", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": true, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2010-1871", "CVE-2010-5326", "CVE-2012-0158", "CVE-2012-0391", "CVE-2012-3152", "CVE-2013-3900", "CVE-2013-3906", "CVE-2014-1761", "CVE-2014-1776", "CVE-2014-1812", "CVE-2015-1635", "CVE-2015-1641", "CVE-2015-4852", "CVE-2016-0167", "CVE-2016-0185", "CVE-2016-3088", "CVE-2016-3235", "CVE-2016-3643", "CVE-2016-3976", "CVE-2016-7255", "CVE-2016-9563", "CVE-2017-0143", "CVE-2017-0144", "CVE-2017-0145", "CVE-2017-0199", "CVE-2017-0262", "CVE-2017-0263", "CVE-2017-10271", "CVE-2017-11774", "CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2017-12149", "CVE-2017-5638", "CVE-2017-5689", "CVE-2017-6327", "CVE-2017-7269", "CVE-2017-8464", "CVE-2017-8759", "CVE-2017-9791", "CVE-2017-9805", "CVE-2017-9841", "CVE-2018-0798", "CVE-2018-0802", "CVE-2018-1000861", "CVE-2018-11776", "CVE-2018-15961", "CVE-2018-15982", "CVE-2018-2380", "CVE-2018-4878", "CVE-2018-4939", "CVE-2018-6789", "CVE-2018-7600", "CVE-2018-8174", "CVE-2018-8453", "CVE-2018-8653", "CVE-2019-0193", "CVE-2019-0211", "CVE-2019-0541", "CVE-2019-0604", "CVE-2019-0708", "CVE-2019-0752", "CVE-2019-0797", "CVE-2019-0803", "CVE-2019-0808", "CVE-2019-0859", "CVE-2019-0863", "CVE-2019-10149", "CVE-2019-10758", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-11539", "CVE-2019-1214", "CVE-2019-1215", "CVE-2019-13272", "CVE-2019-1367", "CVE-2019-1429", "CVE-2019-1458", "CVE-2019-16759", "CVE-2019-17026", "CVE-2019-17558", "CVE-2019-18187", "CVE-2019-18988", "CVE-2019-2725", "CVE-2019-8394", "CVE-2019-9978", "CVE-2020-0601", "CVE-2020-0646", "CVE-2020-0674", "CVE-2020-0683", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-0787", "CVE-2020-0796", "CVE-2020-0878", "CVE-2020-0938", "CVE-2020-0968", "CVE-2020-0986", "CVE-2020-10148", "CVE-2020-10189", "CVE-2020-1020", "CVE-2020-1040", "CVE-2020-1054", "CVE-2020-1147", "CVE-2020-11738", "CVE-2020-11978", "CVE-2020-1350", "CVE-2020-13671", "CVE-2020-1380", "CVE-2020-13927", "CVE-2020-1464", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2020-14750", "CVE-2020-14871", "CVE-2020-14882", "CVE-2020-14883", "CVE-2020-15505", "CVE-2020-15999", "CVE-2020-16009", "CVE-2020-16010", "CVE-2020-16013", "CVE-2020-16017", "CVE-2020-17087", "CVE-2020-17144", "CVE-2020-17496", "CVE-2020-17530", "CVE-2020-24557", "CVE-2020-25213", "CVE-2020-2555", "CVE-2020-6207", "CVE-2020-6287", "CVE-2020-6418", "CVE-2020-6572", "CVE-2020-6819", "CVE-2020-6820", "CVE-2020-8243", "CVE-2020-8260", "CVE-2020-8467", "CVE-2020-8468", "CVE-2020-8599", "CVE-2021-1647", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-1732", "CVE-2021-21017", "CVE-2021-21148", "CVE-2021-21166", "CVE-2021-21193", "CVE-2021-21206", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-21224", "CVE-2021-22204", "CVE-2021-22893", "CVE-2021-22894", "CVE-2021-22899", "CVE-2021-22900", "CVE-2021-26411", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27059", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-27085", "CVE-2021-28310", "CVE-2021-28550", "CVE-2021-30116", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-31199", "CVE-2021-31201", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-31955", "CVE-2021-31956", "CVE-2021-31979", "CVE-2021-33739", "CVE-2021-33742", "CVE-2021-33766", "CVE-2021-33771", "CVE-2021-34448", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-35211", "CVE-2021-35247", "CVE-2021-36741", "CVE-2021-36742", "CVE-2021-36934", "CVE-2021-36942", "CVE-2021-36948", "CVE-2021-36955", "CVE-2021-37415", "CVE-2021-37973", "CVE-2021-37975", "CVE-2021-37976", "CVE-2021-38000", "CVE-2021-38003", "CVE-2021-38645", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38648", "CVE-2021-38649", "CVE-2021-40438", "CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2021-40449", "CVE-2021-40539", "CVE-2021-4102", "CVE-2021-41773", "CVE-2021-42013", "CVE-2021-42292", "CVE-2021-42321", "CVE-2021-43890", "CVE-2021-44077", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-44515", "CVE-2022-0609", "CVE-2022-21882", "CVE-2022-24086"], "modified": "2022-02-23T05:39:00", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:0082A77BD8EFFF48B406D107FEFD0DD3", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/category/product-tech", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}]}