ESA-2013-039.txt
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ESA-2013-039: RSA BSAFE® SSL-J Multiple Vulnerabilities
EMC Identifier: ESA-2013-039
CVE Identifier: CVE-2011-3389, CVE-2013-0169
Severity Rating: CVSS v2 Base Score: Refer NVD (http://nvd.nist.gov/) for individual scores for each CVE
Affected Products:
For the BEAST vulnerability, all versions of RSA BSAFE SSL-J except for 6.1.2 and 5.1.4 are affected.
For the Lucky Thirteen vulnerability, all versions of RSA BSAFE SSL-J except for 6.0.1, 6.1.2, 5.1.2, 5.1.3 and 5.1.4 are affected.
Unaffected Products:
RSA BSAFE SSL-J 6.1.2 and 5.1.4 (newly released)
Summary:
RSA BSAFE SSL-J 6.1.2 and 5.1.4 contain updates designed to help prevent the BEAST vulnerability (CVE-2011-3389). RSA BSAFE SSL-J 6.0.1 and 5.1.2 contain updates designed to help prevent the SSL/TLS Plaintext Recovery (aka Lucky Thirteen) vulnerability (CVE-2013-0169).
Details:
BEAST
There is a known vulnerability in SSLv3 and TLS v1.0 to do with how the Initialization Vector (IV) is generated. For symmetric key algorithms in CBC mode, the IV for the first record is generated using keys and secrets set during the SSL or TLS handshake. All subsequent records are encrypted using the ciphertext block from the previous record as the IV. With symmetric key encryption in CBC mode, plain text encrypted with the same IV and key generates the same cipher text, which is why having a variable IV is important.
The BEAST exploit uses this SSLv3 and TLS v1.0 vulnerability by allowing an attacker to observe the last ciphertext block, which is the IV, then replace this with an IV of their choice, inject some of their own plain text data, and when this new IV is used to encrypt the data, the attacker can guess the plain text data one byte at a time.
Lucky Thirteen
Researchers have discovered a weakness in the handling of CBC cipher suites in SSL, TLS and DTLS. The “Lucky Thirteen” attack exploits timing differences arising during MAC processing. Vulnerable implementations do not properly consider timing side-channel attacks on a MAC check requirement during the processing of malformed CBC padding, which allows remote attackers to conduct distinguishing attacks and plaintext-recovery attacks via statistical analysis of timing data for crafted packets, aka the "Lucky Thirteen" issue.
Details of this attack can be found at: http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/tls/TLStiming.pdf
Recommendation:
For the BEAST vulnerability:
The best way to help prevent the BEAST attack is to use TLS v1.1 or higher. The vulnerability to do with IV generation was fixed in TLS v1.1 (released in 2006) so implementations using only TLS v1.1 or v1.2 are engineered to be secure against the BEAST exploit. However, support for these higher level protocols is limited to a smaller number of applications, so supporting only TLS v1.1 or v1.2 might cause interoperability issues.
A second solution is to limit the negotiated cipher suites to exclude those that do not require symmetric key algorithms in CBC mode. However, this substantially restricts the number of cipher suites that can be negotiated. That is, only cipher suites with NULL encryption or cipher suites with streaming encryption algorithms (the RC4 algorithm) could be negotiated, which might result in reduced security.
First block splitting for SSLv3 or TLS v1.0 communications, as a prevention against the BEAST exploit, introduced in SSL-J 6.0.1 and SSL-J 5.1.2 is not working.
In SSL-J 6.1.2 and 5.1.4, the way to prevent the BEAST exploit is to introduce some unknown data into the encryption scheme, prior to the attackers inserted plain text data. This is done as follows:
The first plaintext write will result in one or more encrypted records as usual.
The second and subsequent writes are “split”. That is, each write will generate two or more records such that the first encrypted record contains only one byte of plaintext.
A MAC is generated from the one byte of data and the MAC key. This MAC is appended to the plaintext for the record to be encrypted prior to being encrypted.
The splitting of the encrypted records generated by the second and subsequent writes ensures that the attacker never sees a cipher text block that immediately precedes a cipher text block generated from their chosen plaintext. This ensures that it is impossible for an attacker to predict the IV that will be used to encrypt their chosen plain text and hence the attack cannot be executed.
Note the following about first block splitting:
- Splitting only occurs:
o For negotiated cipher suites that use CBC mode.
o For protocols SSLv3 or TLS v1.0.
- Only application data packets are spilt. Handshake packets are not split,
- Blocks of plaintext are split for each subsequent call to write data to the SSL connection after the first write is sent.
For RSA BSAFE SSL-J 6.1.2 and 5.1.4, record splitting is engineered to be enabled by default for vulnerable cipher suites, making the application secure by default. If required, the application can disable record splitting by setting the system property jsse.enableCBCProtection:
• Using the following Java code:
System.setProperty("jsse.enableCBCProtection", "false");
OR
• On the Java command line, passing the following argument:
-Djsse.enableCBCProtection=”false”
For more information about setting security properties, see section System and Security Properties in the RSA BSAFE SSL-J Developer Guide.
For the Lucky Thirteen vulnerability:
RSA BSAFE SSL-J 6.0.1 and 5.1.2 contain a patch that is designed to help ensure that MAC checking is time invariant in servers. Customers can also protect against the Lucky Thirteen attack by disabling CBC mode cipher suites on clients and servers. Cipher suites that use RC4 and, if TLS 1.2 is available, AES-GCM can be used.
RSA recommends that customers on RSA BSAFE SSL-J 5.1.x (or lower) and 6.x upgrade to RSA BSAFE SSL-J 5.1.4 and 6.1.2 respectively to resolve both the BEAST and the Lucky Thirteen vulnerabilities.
Obtaining Downloads:
To request your upgrade of the software, please call your local support telephone number (contact phone numbers are available at http://www.emc.com/support/rsa/contact/phone-numbers.htm) for most expedient service.
Obtaining Documentation:
To obtain RSA documentation, log on to RSA SecurCare Online at https://knowledge.rsasecurity.com and click Products in the top navigation menu. Select the specific product whose documentation you want to obtain. Scroll to the section for the product version that you want and click the set link.
Severity Rating:
For an explanation of Severity Ratings, refer to the Knowledge Base Article, “Security Advisories Severity Rating” at https://knowledge.rsasecurity.com/scolcms/knowledge.aspx?solution=a46604. RSA recommends all customers take into account both the base score and any relevant temporal and environmental scores which may impact the potential severity associated with particular security vulnerability.
Obtaining More Information:
For more information about RSA products, visit the RSA web site at http://www.rsa.com.
Getting Support and Service:
For customers with current maintenance contracts, contact your local RSA Customer Support center with any additional questions regarding this RSA SecurCare Note. For contact telephone numbers or e-mail addresses, log on to RSA SecurCare Online at https://knowledge.rsasecurity.com, click Help & Contact, and then click the Contact Us - Phone tab or the Contact Us - Email tab.
General Customer Support Information:
http://www.emc.com/support/rsa/index.htm
RSA SecurCare Online:
https://knowledge.rsasecurity.com
EOPS Policy:
RSA has a defined End of Primary Support policy associated with all major versions. Please refer to the link below for additional details.
http://www.emc.com/support/rsa/eops/index.htm
SecurCare Online Security Advisories
RSA, The Security Division of EMC, distributes SCOL Security Advisories in order to bring to the attention of users of the affected RSA products important security information. RSA recommends that all users determine the applicability of this information to their individual situations and take appropriate action. The information set forth herein is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. RSA disclaim all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall RSA or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if RSA or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.
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Sincerely,
RSA Customer Support
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