Large Language Model-Based Framework for Explainable Cyberattack Detection in Automatic Generation Control Systems

The increasing digitization of smart grids has improved operational efficiency but also introduced new cybersecurity vulnerabilities, such as False Data Injection Attacks FDIAs targeting Automatic Generation Control AGC systems. While machine learning ML and deep learning DL models have shown...

SleepWalk: Exploiting Context Switching and Residual Power for Physical Side-Channel Attacks

Context switching is utilized by operating systems to change the execution context between application programs. It involves saving and restoring the states of multiple registers and performing a pipeline flush to remove any pre-fetched instructions, leading to a higher instantaneous power...

Program Analysis for High-Value Smart Contract Vulnerabilities: Techniques

A widespread belief in the blockchain security community is that automated techniques are only good for detecting shallow bugs, typically of small value. In this paper, we present the techniques and insights that have led us to repeatable success in automatically discovering high-value smart...

Out of Distribution, out of Luck: How Well Can LLMs Trained on Vulnerability Datasets Detect Top 25 CWE Weaknesses?

Automated vulnerability detection research has made substantial progress, yet its real-world impact remains limited. Current vulnerability datasets suffer from issues including label inaccuracy rates of 20-71%, extensive duplication, and poor coverage of critical CWE types. These issues create a...

Can We End the Cat-And-Mouse Game? Simulating Self-Evolving Phishing Attacks with LLMs and Genetic Algorithms

Anticipating emerging attack methodologies is crucial for proactive cybersecurity. Recent advances in Large Language Models LLMs have enabled the automated generation of phishing messages and accelerated research into potential attack techniques. However, predicting future threats remains...

Programmable Data Planes for Network Security

The emergence of programmable data planes, and particularly switches supporting the P4 language, has transformed network security by enabling customized, line-rate packet processing. These switches, originally intended for flexible forwarding, now play a broader role: detecting and mitigating...

Secure Tug-Of-War (SecTOW): Iterative Defense-Attack Training with Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Model Security

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models MLLMs has led to breakthroughs in various applications, yet their security remains a critical challenge. One pressing issue involves unsafe image-query pairs--jailbreak inputs specifically designed to bypass security constraints and elicit...

GUARD-CAN: Graph-Understanding and Recurrent Architecture for CAN Anomaly Detection

Modern in-vehicle networks face various cyber threats due to the lack of encryption and authentication in the Controller Area Network CAN. To address this security issue, this paper presents GUARD-CAN, an anomaly detection framework that combines graph-based representation learning with time-seri...

Privacy-Preserving Anonymization of System and Network Event Logs Using Salt-Based Hashing and Temporal Noise

System and network event logs are essential for security analytics, threat detection, and operational monitoring. However, these logs often contain Personally Identifiable Information PII, raising significant privacy concerns when shared or analyzed. A key challenge in log anonymization is...

Hierarchical Graph Neural Network for Compressed Speech Steganalysis

Steganalysis methods based on deep learning DL often struggle with computational complexity and challenges in generalizing across different datasets. Incorporating a graph neural network GNN into steganalysis schemes enables the leveraging of relational data for improved detection accuracy and...

Characterizing the Sensitivity to Individual Bit Flips in Client-Side Operations of the CKKS Scheme

Homomorphic Encryption HE enables computation on encrypted data without decryption, making it a cornerstone of privacy-preserving computation in untrusted environments. As HE sees growing adoption in sensitive applications such as secure machine learning and confidential data analysis ensuring it...

URLCrazy Domain Name Typo Tool 0.8.2

URLCrazy is a tool that can generate and test domain typos and variations to detect and perform typo squatting, URL hijacking, phishing, and corporate espionage. It generates 15 types of domain variants, knows over 8000 common misspellings, supports multiple keyboard layouts, can check if a typo ...

Hot-Swap MarkBoard: an Efficient Black-Box Watermarking Approach for Large-Scale Model Distribution

Recently, Deep Learning DL models have been increasingly deployed on end-user devices as On-Device AI, offering improved efficiency and privacy. However, this deployment trend poses more serious Intellectual Property IP risks, as models are distributed on numerous local devices, making them...

Active Attack Resilience in 5G: a New Take on Authentication and Key Agreement

As 5G networks expand into critical infrastructure, secure and efficient user authentication is more important than ever. The 5G-AKA protocol, standardized by 3GPP in TS 33.501, is central to authentication in current 5G deployments. It provides mutual authentication, user privacy, and key secrec...

Next-Generation Quantum Neural Networks: Enhancing Efficiency, Security, and Privacy

This paper provides an integrated perspective on addressing key challenges in developing reliable and secure Quantum Neural Networks QNNs in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum NISQ era. In this paper, we present an integrated framework that leverages and combines existing approaches to enhance...

Testbed and Software Architecture for Enhancing Security in Industrial Private 5G Networks

In the era of Industry 4.0, the growing need for secure and efficient communication systems has driven the development of fifth-generation 5G networks characterized by extremely low latency, massive device connectivity and high data transfer speeds. However, the deployment of 5G networks presents...

Program Analysis for High-Value Smart Contract Vulnerabilities: Techniques and Insights

A widespread belief in the blockchain security community is that automated techniques are only good for detecting shallow bugs, typically of small value. In this paper, we present the techniques and insights that have led us to repeatable success in automatically discovering high-value smart...

An Open-Source Implementation and Security Analysis of Triad'S TEE Trusted Time Protocol

The logic of many protocols relies on time measurements. However, in Trusted Execution Environments TEEs like Intel SGX, the time source is outside the Trusted Computing Base: a malicious system hosting the TEE can manipulate that TEE's notion of time, e.g., jumping in time or affecting the...

Security Loophole in Error Verification in Quantum Key Distribution

The security of quantum key distribution QKD is evaluated based on the secrecy of Alice's key and the correctness of the keys held by Alice and Bob. A practical method for ensuring correctness is known as error verification, in which Alice and Bob reveal a portion of their reconciled keys and che...

Cascading and Proxy Membership Inference Attacks

A Membership Inference Attack MIA assesses how much a trained machine learning model reveals about its training data by determining whether specific query instances were included in the dataset. We classify existing MIAs into adaptive or non-adaptive, depending on whether the adversary is allowed...

MikroTik RouterOS 6.44 / 6.49.10 Denial of Service

MikroTik RouterOS versions 6.40.5 through 6.44 and 6.48.1 through 6.49.10 SMB denial of service exploit...

Enhanced Deep Learning DeepFake Detection Integrating Handcrafted Features

The rapid advancement of deepfake and face swap technologies has raised significant concerns in digital security, particularly in identity verification and onboarding processes. Conventional detection methods often struggle to generalize against sophisticated facial manipulations. This study...

CVEMAP 1.0.0

CVEMAP is a command-line interface CLI tool designed to provide a structured and easily navigable interface to various vulnerability databases...

Repairing Vulnerabilities without Invisible Hands. a Differentiated Replication Study on LLMs

Background: Automated Vulnerability Repair AVR is a fast-growing branch of program repair. Recent studies show that large language models LLMs outperform traditional techniques, extending their success beyond code generation and fault detection. Hypothesis: These gains may be driven by hidden...

Collusion Resistant DNS with Private Information Retrieval

There has been a growing interest in Internet user privacy, demonstrated by the popularity of privacy-preserving products such as Telegram and Brave, and the widespread adoption of HTTPS. The Domain Name System DNS is a key component of Internet-based communication and its privacy has been...

Security Challenges in AI Agent Deployment: Insights from a Large Scale Public Competition

Recent advances have enabled LLM-powered AI agents to autonomously execute complex tasks by combining language model reasoning with tools, memory, and web access. But can these systems be trusted to follow deployment policies in realistic environments, especially under attack? To investigate, we...

A Novel Post-Quantum Secure Digital Signature Scheme Based on Neural Network

Digital signatures are fundamental cryptographic primitives that ensure the authenticity and integrity of digital documents. In the post-quantum era, classical public key-based signature schemes become vulnerable to brute-force and key-recovery attacks due to the computational power of quantum...

Enhancing Jailbreak Attacks on LLMs Via Persona Prompts

Jailbreak attacks aim to exploit large language models LLMs by inducing them to generate harmful content, thereby revealing their vulnerabilities. Understanding and addressing these attacks is crucial for advancing the field of LLM safety. Previous jailbreak approaches have mainly focused on dire...

NCCR: to Evaluate the Robustness of Neural Networks and Adversarial Examples

Neural networks have received a lot of attention recently, and related security issues have come with it. Many studies have shown that neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that have been artificially perturbed with modification, which is too small to be distinguishable by human...

On Post-Quantum Cryptography Authentication for Quantum Key Distribution

The traditional way for a Quantum Key Distribution QKD user to join a quantum network is by authenticating themselves using pre-shared key material. While this approach is sufficient for small-scale networks, it becomes impractical as the network grows, due to the total quadratic increase in the...

Development and Analysis of a Secured VoIP System for Surveillance Activities

Since the 1990s, the telephone has been the primary mode of communication. However, Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP, which is a highly straightforward and affordable form of data transfer, is now becoming an important part of daily communication. VoIP is the technology that makes it possible to...

Radio Adversarial Attacks on EMG-Based Gesture Recognition Networks

Surface electromyography EMG enables non-invasive human-computer interaction in rehabilitation, prosthetics, and virtual reality. While deep learning models achieve over 97% classification accuracy, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks remains largely unexplored in the physical domain. We...

Measuring and Explaining the Effects of Android App Transformations in Online Malware Detection

It is well known that antivirus engines are vulnerable to evasion techniques e.g., obfuscation that transform malware into its variants. However, it cannot be necessarily attributed to the effectiveness of these evasions, and the limits of engines may also make this unsatisfactory result. In this...

EdgeAgentX-DT: Integrating Digital Twins and Generative AI for Resilient Edge Intelligence in Tactical Networks

We introduce EdgeAgentX-DT, an advanced extension of the EdgeAgentX framework that integrates digital twin simulations and generative AI-driven scenario training to significantly enhance edge intelligence in military networks. EdgeAgentX-DT utilizes network digital twins, virtual replicas...

Two Views, One Truth: Spectral and Self-Supervised Features Fusion for Robust Speech Deepfake Detection

Recent advances in synthetic speech have made audio deepfakes increasingly realistic, posing significant security risks. Existing detection methods that rely on a single modality, either raw waveform embeddings or spectral based features, are vulnerable to non spoof disturbances and often overfit...

WBHT: a Generative Attention Architecture for Detecting Black Hole Anomalies in Backbone Networks

We propose the Wasserstein Black Hole Transformer WBHT framework for detecting black hole BH anomalies in communication networks. These anomalies cause packet loss without failure notifications, disrupting connectivity and leading to financial losses. WBHT combines generative modeling, sequential...

Interpretable Anomaly-Based DDoS Detection in AI-RAN with XAI and LLMs

Next generation Radio Access Networks RANs introduce programmability, intelligence, and near real-time control through intelligent controllers, enabling enhanced security within the RAN and across broader 5G/6G infrastructures. This paper presents a comprehensive survey highlighting opportunities...

Sparse Regression Codes for Secret Key Agreement: Achieving Strong Secrecy and Near-Optimal Rates for Gaussian Sources

Secret key agreement from correlated physical layer observations is a cornerstone of information-theoretic security. This paper proposes and rigorously analyzes a complete, constructive protocol for secret key agreement from Gaussian sources using Sparse Regression Codes SPARCs. Our protocol...

Is Crunching Public Data the Right Approach to Detect BGP Hijacks?

The Border Gateway Protocol BGP remains a fragile pillar of Internet routing. BGP hijacks still occurr daily. While full deployment of Route Origin Validation ROV is ongoing, attackers have already adapted, launching post-ROV attacks such as forged-origin hijacks. To detect these, recent approach...

SDD: Self-Degraded Defense against Malicious Fine-Tuning

Open-source Large Language Models LLMs often employ safety alignment methods to resist harmful instructions. However, recent research shows that maliciously fine-tuning these LLMs on harmful data can easily bypass these safeguards. To counter this, we theoretically uncover why malicious fine-tuni...

ModShift: Model Privacy Via Designed Shifts

In this paper, shifts are introduced to preserve model privacy against an eavesdropper in federated learning. Model learning is treated as a parameter estimation problem. This perspective allows us to derive the Fisher Information matrix of the model updates from the shifted updates and drive the...

ConSeg: Contextual Backdoor Attack against Semantic Segmentation

Despite significant advancements in computer vision, semantic segmentation models may be susceptible to backdoor attacks. These attacks, involving hidden triggers, aim to cause the models to misclassify instances of the victim class as the target class when triggers are present, posing serious...

HumanSAM: Classifying Human-Centric Forgery Videos in Human Spatial, Appearance, and Motion Anomaly

Numerous synthesized videos from generative models, especially human-centric ones that simulate realistic human actions, pose significant threats to human information security and authenticity. While progress has been made in binary forgery video detection, the lack of fine-grained understanding ...

FedBAP: Backdoor Defense Via Benign Adversarial Perturbation in Federated Learning

Federated Learning FL enables collaborative model training while preserving data privacy, but it is highly vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Most existing defense methods in FL have limited effectiveness due to their neglect of the model's over-reliance on backdoor triggers, particularly as the...

Trivial Trojans: How Minimal MCP Servers Enable Cross-Tool Exfiltration of Sensitive Data

The Model Context Protocol MCP represents a significant advancement in AI-tool integration, enabling seamless communication between AI agents and external services. However, this connectivity introduces novel attack vectors that remain largely unexplored. This paper demonstrates how unsophisticat...

Cryptographic Data Exchange for Nuclear Warheads

Nuclear arms control treaties have historically focused on strategic nuclear delivery systems, leaving nuclear warheads outside formal verification frameworks. This paper presents a cryptographic protocol for secure and verifiable warhead tracking, addressing challenges in nuclear warhead...

On Anti-Collusion Codes for Averaging Attack in Multimedia Fingerprinting

Multimedia fingerprinting is a technique to protect the copyrighted contents against being illegally redistributed under various collusion attack models. Averaging attack is the most fair choice for each colluder to avoid detection, and also makes the pirate copy have better perceptional quality...

PurpCode: Reasoning for Safer Code Generation

We introduce PurpCode, the first post-training recipe for training safe code reasoning models towards generating secure code and defending against malicious cyberactivities. PurpCode trains a reasoning model in two stages: i Rule Learning, which explicitly teaches the model to reference cybersafe...

KD-GAT: Combining Knowledge Distillation and Graph Attention Transformer for a Controller Area Network Intrusion Detection System

The Controller Area Network CAN protocol is widely adopted for in-vehicle communication but lacks inherent security mechanisms, making it vulnerable to cyberattacks. This paper introduces KD-GAT, an intrusion detection framework that combines Graph Attention Networks GATs with knowledge...

PAM Environment Variable Injection

PAM pamenv.so module allows environment variable injection via /.pamenvironment leading to privilege escalation through SystemD session manipulation. This scripts gauges exploitability...