Security-First Evaluation of Text-To-Terraform: Benchmarking LLMs and SLMs for Secure IaC Generation

Cloud misconfiguration remains a leading cause of security incidents, yet whether LLMs and SLMs can generate security-compliant Infrastructure-as-Code is an open question. We benchmark seven models, three closed LLMs Claude Opus 4, GPT-5.4, Gemini 2.5 Pro and four open SLMs Qwen2.5-Coder-14B,...

Vulnerabilities, Secrets and Misconfiguration in the Highest-Exposure Docker Hub Images

Docker Hub is the registry underneath most container deployments, and a flaw in a widely reused base image is inherited by every image built on it. Prior ecosystem-scale measurements each rely on a single detector, leaving the tool-dependence of their counts unquantified, while the studies that d...

Decoy Images Amplify Caption-Mediated Defenses against Encoded Jailbreaks

We report a counter-intuitive interaction between image inputs and existing black-box defenses on Vision--Language Models VLMs: pairing an encoded jailbreak prompt with an unrelated decoy image can sharply lower attack success rate ASR. The operative change is in the defense pipeline, not in the...

From Chasing Ghosts to Missed Attacks: Perspectives and Perceptions of SOC Practitioners on LLM Integration, Risks, and Readiness

Security Operations Centers SOCs process large volumes of security events, requiring analysts to accurately detect and assess ongoing cyberattacks under time pressure. Recent advances in Large Language Models LLMs suggest potential benefits for security operations, yet their practical suitability...

Multi-LLM Consensus Framework for Evaluating Banking-Sector NIDS Dataset Coverage of MITRE ATT&CK Techniques

The systemic criticality of global banking networks has ren-dered them high-priority targets for advanced persistent threats, neces-sitating Network Intrusion Detection Systems NIDS whose operational effectiveness must extend beyond statistical accuracy. However, a signif-icant validation gap...

Supporting Cybersecurity Risk Management for Medical Devices Via the SECUMAN Ontology and Shapes

We propose the SECUMAN ontology and shapes for representing and analysing cybersecurity risk-management documentation for medical devices. Cybersecurity risks are increasingly relevant for connected medical devices and may have direct consequences for patient safety. Current risk-management files...

A Decade of Healthcare Cyber Threats: Empirical Analysis, Evidence-Based Prioritisation, and AI Threat Model

Healthcare systems face persistent and evolving cyber threats, yet how adversarial tactics and techniques have shifted over time has not been systematically characterised using empirical, multi-source data. This paper analyses 1,214 threat records drawn from three authoritative sources: the MITRE...

When Prompts Control Robots: Prompt Injection Attacks in Multi-Agent Robotic Systems

Large language models are increasingly integrated into autonomous robotic systems for task planning and control, but this integration exposes them to prompt injection attacks that can lead to unsafe decisions and physical harm. Multi-agent settings increase the risks through cross-agent...

Adversarial Attacks in Multi-Agent LLM Pipelines: Unveiling Structural Vulnerabilities in Agentic AI Architectures

Multi-agent LLM pipelines orchestrate multiple specialized language model agents into structured workflows where intermediate outputs are passed across agents to solve complex tasks. This design introduces a security gap absent in single-agent settings: once an agent accepts adversarial content, ...

An AI Approach to Verified Production Cryptographic Libraries

Cryptographic code is critical infrastructure that must be correct, yet formally verifying production libraries remains difficult. Existing language-model proof systems solve isolated obligations with specifications and premises already given, leaving production-library verification unresolved. W...

Nikto Web Scanner 2.6.1

Nikto is an Open Source web server scanner which performs comprehensive tests against web servers for multiple items, including over 3500 potentially dangerous files/CGIs, versions on over 900 servers, and version specific problems on over 250 servers...

Bending the Curve: Operational Cyber Epidemiology for Ransomware

Ransomware is often treated as a detection problem, but the most disruptive incidents behave more like outbreaks. A single foothold can spread through identities, administrative tools, and shared services while responders make time-critical decisions with incomplete visibility. This paper present...

Reflection, Education, Consistency: Towards Best Ethics Practices at Security and Privacy Conferences

Research ethics is a controversial and emotionally charged topic in the security and privacy community, sparking discussions at conferences and on social media. In recent years, some of the leading conferences have introduced interventions such as mandatory ethics sections, with mixed reactions...

Deep Learning for Cyber Threat Detection and Mitigation in Healthcare-IoT

Cybersecurity is a fundamental requirement for protecting wearable devices used in healthcare Internet of Things H-IoT systems. Security failures in these resource-constrained systems directly compromise patient safety. Physiological data and network traffic are frequent targets of cyberattacks i...

Joern 4.0.593

Joern is the bug hunter's workbench. With this tool, you can uncover attack surface, sloppy coding practices, and variants of known vulnerabilities using an interactive code analysis shell. Joern supports C, C++, LLVM bitcode, x86 binaries via Ghidra, JVM bytecode via Soot, and Javascript...

Mind the Gap: Policy Vs Reality in Post-Quantum TLS Deployment

Post-quantum cryptography PQC has evolved from a long-term planning concern into an operational priority. Following NIST's standardization of PQC, governments and standard bodies published transition roadmaps outlining migration timelines, priority sectors, and deployment strategies. However, our...

CWEEP: A Lexical Static Analysis Framework for CWE Early Prevention

As the hardware layer becomes a focus point for attackers, the need for improved hardware security verification techniques is more important than ever. State-of-the-art security verification techniques require significant manual effort from individuals with security expertise. Furthermore, there ...

TI-StegoAlign: Channel-Guided Post-Training for Generative Text Steganography under Tokenization Inconsistency

Generative text steganography enables LLM agents to exchange secret information through task-relevant messages. Yet most methods evaluate recovery on sender-side tokens, whereas the receiver observes only surface text. Detokenization and receiver-side retokenization can alter token boundaries,...

Xalgorix Autonomous AI Pentesting Agent 4.5.124

Most scanners detect. Xalgorix proves. An autonomous LLM agent works a full pentest methodology, then an independent verifier re-exploits every finding before it's reported - so you get proof, not a pile of maybes to triage. Self-hosted, private, and bring-your-own-LLM. Built in Go + TypeScript...

Beyond Resilience: Antifragility in Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity

Critical infrastructure cybersecurity increasingly requires frameworks that move beyond recovery toward bounded improvement under disruption, yet empirically grounded theories for operational technology remain limited. This paper develops a Theory of Antifragility AFT for critical infrastructure ...

AgenticRepair: Multi-Faceted Program Context Engineering for Agentic Vulnerability Repair

Automated vulnerability repair aims to reduce the time and effort required to patch security flaws from a vulnerability triage report. Recent agentic AI approaches have shown promising results in automated program repair. However, vulnerability repair demands richer program context than general b...

Ruby on Rails Active Storage CVE-2026-66066 Detection Tool

A safe detection tool for identifying Ruby on Rails Active Storage deployments that may be affected by the CVE-2026-66066 vulnerability. The utility performs non-invasive fingerprinting by checking for Rails and Active Storage indicators, exposed endpoints, and version information without...

Symbolic Attack Chain Generation from Atomic Red Team Techniques: An Empirical Study of Predicate Representation Granularity

Automated attack chain generation is critical for modern cybersecurity, yet manual construction fails to scale as adversary behaviors expand. While classical AI planning using PDDL offers a formal method to automate this process, it relies on the accurate translation of techniques into symbolic...

Rethinking AI Cloud Infrastructure for Agentic Serving Systems with the Aries Experimentation Framework

Autonomous agents challenge conventional LLM serving by coupling repeated inference with persistent context and sandboxed tool execution. We present Aries, a full-stack experimentation framework that separates task semantics from execution configurations, reconstructs cross-component agent...

Exposed by Design: A Dynamic Security Assessment of Internet-Facing MCP Servers at Scale

The Model Context Protocol MCP has seen rapid adoption since its November 2024 launch, with over 21,000 server instances detectable on the public internet. We present the first dynamic behavioral security assessment of internet-facing MCP servers, combining passive discovery across eleven data...

Stateful Cooperative Agents Safeguarding LLMs against Evolving Multi-Turn Attacks

As LLMs become increasingly integrated into complex applications, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks has raised significant concerns. However, existing defenses remain reactive in nature. This limitation makes it difficult for them to counter sophisticated threats, as adversaries...

Wazuh 4.14.7

Wazuh is a free and open source security platform that unifies XDR and SIEM capabilities. It protects workloads across on-premises, virtualized, containerized, and cloud-based environments. This is the source code release...

Adaptive Security at the Edge for 6G-Enabled Healthcare IoT

Healthcare IoT services increasingly rely on edge gateways to relay routine telemetry and deliver rare but timecritical alarms. Even short traffic bursts can inflate worstcase delay and interfere with urgent messages. We present NANOEDGEGUARD, a kernel-plane closed-loop controller that observes...

Formalization of Security

Proof assistants are often used to validate that designs and implementations meet their expected security properties. A further motivation for using proof assistants is to support certification. This chapter focuses on their applications to system security, language-based security, secure...

Deterministic QKD Source Robust against Side-Channel Attacks

Quantum key distribution QKD is secure in principle, but practical security can be undermined by discrepancies between real devices and the idealized models assumed in security proofs. Source side channels, including those exploited by Trojan-horse attacks, are particularly detrimental: neglectin...

Temporal Poisoning: Clean-Label Backdoors Via Event Redistribution in SNNs

Backdoor attacks on Spiking Neural Networks SNNs have primarily assumed dirty-label poisoning, in which triggered training samples are relabeled to an attacker-selected class. We study clean-label temporal poisoning, where a fixed timestamp transformation is applied only to the target-class...

Strategy Phasing of Cyber Attacks on Digital Substations

Digital substations that comply with IEC 61850 have improved the operational efficiency of modern power systems. However, adversaries can abuse IEC 61850 communication to manipulate circuit breaker operations in substations, which can result in severe system impacts. These cyber attacks are craft...

Statistically Secure Uncloneable Encryption of Arbitrary Messages

Unconditional uncloneable encryption of a single bit with efficient encryption and decryption is now possible. However, whether the extension to messages of arbitrary length achieves statistical security remains to be known. Using the fact that the encoding bases for the single-bit scheme known t...

Blockchain Transaction Simulation Phishing

Cryptocurrency users have increasingly become targets of phishing and scam attacks. To mitigate these threats, leading crypto wallets e.g., MetaMask have introduced transaction simulation, which previews a transaction's balance changes before on-chain execution. While effective against traditiona...

Security of World-Model-Based Embodied AI: A Lifecycle of Threats, Defenses, and Evaluation

World models give embodied AI a predictive core: they compress observations into states, simulate action-conditioned futures, and enable planning beyond reactive control. This predictive layer, however, opens a new security boundary-compromise can propagate from data, sensors, prompts, or feedbac...

Implementing Homomorphic Encryption-Based Logic Locking in System-On-Chip Designs

This study presents a logic locking scheme based on the binary Ring Learning With Errors algorithm, implemented in a RISC-V System-on-Chip design. Unlike traditional logic locking methods that require providing users with raw locking parameters, the proposed approach secures critical logic paths ...

Joern 4.0.592

Joern is the bug hunter's workbench. With this tool, you can uncover attack surface, sloppy coding practices, and variants of known vulnerabilities using an interactive code analysis shell. Joern supports C, C++, LLVM bitcode, x86 binaries via Ghidra, JVM bytecode via Soot, and Javascript...

Skillsets on the Chain: A Blockchain-Based Zero-Trust Framework for Agentic AI Networking

Agentic AI networking AgentNet systems rely heavily on third-party skillset implementations and distributed multi-agent collaboration, yet they face major claim-to-capability inconsistencies and security vulnerabilities under trust-by-declaration assumptions. To bridge this gap, this paper propos...

Piggybacking on Perception: Stealthy Concurrent Audio Prompt Injections against Multimodal LLM Agents

Large Language Model LLM-driven multimodal agents are increasingly deployed to execute autonomous tasks via continuous audio interaction. While this paradigm enhances interaction naturalness, it introduces a critical yet under-explored attack surface, as audio inputs inevitably contain...

Agent Harness Distillation: Inference-Time Harness Extraction and Exploitation in Autonomous Multi-Agent Systems

Autonomous multi-agent systems AMAS built on large language models LLMs, such as Hermes, increasingly rely on inference-time harnesses to coordinate reasoning and action. Constructing these harnesses requires substantial engineering effort and computational resources, as they are iteratively...

CodeQL 2.26.2

Discover vulnerabilities across a codebase with CodeQL, an industry-leading semantic code analysis engine. CodeQL lets you query code as though it were data. Write a query to find all variants of a vulnerability, eradicating it forever. Then share your query to help others do the same...

Technology-Enhanced Tabletop Exercises for Cybersecurity Education: Lessons Learned

This innovative practice full paper examines the integration of technology-enhanced tabletop exercises TTXs into computing education, focusing on cybersecurity curricula. The motivation is to better prepare students for complex, collaborative problem solving typical of incident response and IT...

Xalgorix Autonomous AI Pentesting Agent 4.5.114

Most scanners detect. Xalgorix proves. An autonomous LLM agent works a full pentest methodology, then an independent verifier re-exploits every finding before it's reported - so you get proof, not a pile of maybes to triage. Self-hosted, private, and bring-your-own-LLM. Built in Go + TypeScript...

CoGate: Confidence-Gated Co-Decoding for Secure Code Generation

Large language models are widely used for code generation, but they can also produce insecure programs due to patterns learned from their pretraining data. Decoding-time steering has become an important solution to this problem: a small expert model is combined with the target model at each step ...

Benign on Label, Malicious by Design: Clean-Label Dormant-To-Activated Backdoor Via Machine Unlearning with Removable Camouflage

Existing backdoor attacks often become effective immediately after backdoor implantation and may therefore be exposed before exploitation. Machine unlearning activated dormant backdoors mitigate such behavioral exposure by remaining inactive after training and becoming effective only after select...

Emerging Challenges in Threat Modeling for GenAI-Augmented Systems: A View from the Trenches

Threat modeling remains a central task in secure software engineering, as it enables the identification of security issues from system architectures. As Generative Artificial Intelligence GenAI becomes increasingly pervasive across software systems, traditional threat modeling methods e.g., STRID...

Distributed Point Functions and Function Secret Sharing

A distributed point function DPF is a cryptographic primitive that enables compressed additive sharing of a secret weight-1 vector equivalently, a point function across two or more parties. The appealing lightweight structure of DPF constructions has enabled a wide range of applications. These...

A Comparative Analysis of Automated Techniques for Security Bug Report Identification

Timely identification of security-related bug reports is essential to minimize the window of vulnerabilities in software systems. Manually screening incoming bug reports to identify security-related issues is time-consuming, error-prone, and non-scalable for large-scale software systems. Thus, a...

Cybersecurity Detection Classification with Reasoning-Enabled Language Models

A major issue in Security Operations Centers SOCs is alert fatigue, as the number of detections reported is more than staff can triage in a given day. Prior work prompts or fine-tunes large language models LLMs to emit a triage label directly, but does not train them to reason about whether a...

CHARGE: Leveraging CWE Hierarchies for Hardware Security SystemVerilog Assertion Generation

This paper presents CHARGE, an automated framework for generating security properties for unverified RTL modules using CWEs and large language models LLMs. The hallmark is a reasoning process that leverages the hierarchical nature of CWE entries to improve accuracy when identifying...