NoMachine Local Privilege Escalation

NoMachine contains an external control of file path vulnerability that allows local attackers with low-privileged code execution to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code as root...

Succinct Arguments for QMA in the Quantum Random Oracle Model

Succinct arguments are a fundamental cryptographic primitive for verifying computational claims with small communication. In the classical setting, succinct arguments for NP can be constructed from unstructured hardness alone e.g., hash functions by compiling probabilistically checkable proofs PC...

Classical Verifier Position Verification from Non-Local Games

Secure position verification certifies that a remote prover occupies a claimed location, a task that is provably impossible with classical resources alone against colluding adversaries. Most existing quantum position verification schemes require transmitting quantum states between verifiers and...

Does the Readout Bypass Leak the Input? A Feature-Visibility Audit of Hybrid Quantum-Classical Models

Readout-side residual hybrids concatenate raw inputs with measured quantum features. Under single-example gradient sharing, a biased first linear layer admits standard analytic recovery of its input, so the bypass exposes raw coordinates without requiring inversion of the quantum circuit. We audi...

Z-Sigil: A Public-Key Cryptosystem with Chained Selection over a Fiber Bundle of Module-Lattice Keys

Z-Sigil is a public-key cryptosystem in which the plaintext selects successive keys from a fixed module-lattice family. Messages are length-prefixed, zero-padded and divided into 32-byte blocks. Each public vector is a shared public matrix applied to a small secret vector, plus a small error. Key...

Robustness of Local Energy Markets to Cyberattacks: Case Study of False Data Injection

Market clearing in community-based local energy markets relies on power demand and PV forecasts, making it vulnerable to coordinated false data injection FDI attacks. This paper proposes a bilevel optimization framework to identify worst-case bus-level FDI against interconnected multi-community...

Making the Most of Leftovers: Improved Privacy Amplification for Quantum Key Distribution

The amount of secret key that can be obtained from a quantum key distribution run depends on both the physically observed error rates and the mathematical bounds used to certify security. For finite datasets, conservative bounds force users to discard a substantial fraction of the potentially...

Epson EH-TW5350 150075647YWWV110 Authentication Bypass

Epson EH-TW5350 version 150075647YWWV110 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that may allow a remote attacker to cause denial of service via specially crafted HTTP requests...

RISK: Auditing Industrial Control Systems for Too-Late-To-Recover Vulnerabilities

The security of industrial control systems ICS is important. Yet most ICS security efforts focus on the detection of ICS attacks, with much less attention to the recovery after detection. In this paper, we address this underexplored area by jointly auditing the detection and recovery of ICS...

A Function-Level Dataset of Vulnerable and Fixed Source Code in JavaScript and TypeScript

JavaScript and TypeScript are widely used in modern web development, making their security critical; however, automated vulnerability detection is often constrained by the availability of high-quality training data. Here we present JsVul, a dataset curated from seven major sources. Unlike generic...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:68.openssl

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Out-of-bounds read in OpenSSL DTLS retransmission. The retransmitted message may include heap memory contents, disclosing them to the DTLS peer as plaintext handshake data. If the read reaches unmapped memory, the application crashes, resulting in a Denial of Service D...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:66.jail

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Multiple jail filesystem root escapes. A process in a jail that has received a directory file descriptor from another jail can use these techniques to escape the jail's filesystem root restriction...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:64.sysvsem

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Heap out-of-bounds access in semop2. An unprivileged local user can trigger an out-of-bounds access on kernel heap memory, potentially leading to privilege escalation...

Selective Channel Restoration for Backdoored Vision-Language Models

Vision-language models VLMs exhibit strong multimodal capabilities but remain vulnerable to backdoors implanted through poisoned fine-tuning data. Existing defenses often require extensive parameter updates during fine-tuning or incur per-query overhead during inference. To address these...

A Competing-Hazards Systematization of Loss of Control in Autonomous Agents

Leading AI developers have reported agents acting beyond their approved limits, which a United Nations panel described as an early warning of loss of human control. Yet incident reports and agent-safety evaluations describe these events differently, making it difficult to compare failures, trace...

The Geometry of Harmfulness in Multi-Turn Attacks

Large language models LLMs remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that circumvent safety alignment to elicit harmful outputs. It remains unclear how harmfulness and refusal representations evolve over the course of multi-turn attacks, and why single-turn defenses are less effective in multi-tur...

Where Do LLMs Decide to Break the Rules? Mechanistic Localization of Prompt Injection Compliance

When a prompt injection attack succeeds, a Large Language Model LLM abandons its assigned system role to comply with an adversarial instruction. While prior work has extensively quantified how often this occurs, we ask a more fundamental question: where inside the network does the model actually...

ModalFidelity: Routing Modalities for Deepfake Detection on a Budget

Deepfakes no longer need to fake a whole video. Generators that read the transcript now alter only the few seconds in which a video's meaning turns, so a forgery hides in a small, unknown fraction of the video. Yet detectors still read every one-second window of both the audio and image streams,...

Xalgorix Autonomous AI Pentesting Agent 4.6.121

Most scanners detect. Xalgorix proves. An autonomous LLM agent works a full pentest methodology, then an independent verifier re-exploits every finding before it's reported - so you get proof, not a pile of maybes to triage. Self-hosted, private, and bring-your-own-LLM. Built in Go + TypeScript...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:69.udp

FreeBSD Security Advisory - IPv6 UDP sendto2 bypasses jail loopback restriction. A process in a classic non-VNET jail can send UDP datagrams to services listening on the host's IPv6 loopback address, bypassing jail network isolation...

Does the Unsafe Gradient Survive a Conversation? on the Fragility of Gradient-Based Jailbreak Detection in Multi-Turn Dialogue

Safety-aligned language models are commonly deployed as multi-turn assistants, which lets adversaries spread unsafe intent across several user turns instead of a single prompt. Gradient-based jailbreak detectors such as GradSafe were developed for single prompts: they score an input by the...

Controlled Decoding Attacks on Black-Box LLMs

Manipulating next-token probabilities during generation can bypass the safety alignment of large language models. Existing approaches, however, rely on access to model weights or numerical token probabilities and therefore do not apply to interfaces that return only sampled text. Reconstructing...

CollageAttack: Exploiting Cross-Modal Alignment Flaws in T2I Models through Spatial Text Composition

Text-to-image T2I models have substantially improved in language understanding, in-image text rendering, and visual composition, while their safety mechanisms do not always keep pace with these capabilities. This creates a cross-modal attack surface in which harmful semantics can remain...

Joern 4.0.641

Joern is the bug hunter's workbench. With this tool, you can uncover attack surface, sloppy coding practices, and variants of known vulnerabilities using an interactive code analysis shell. Joern supports C, C++, LLVM bitcode, x86 binaries via Ghidra, JVM bytecode via Soot, and Javascript...

Evaluating Whether GPT-6 Astra Performs Unsanctioned Supply-Chain Attacks

This technical report presents an alignment evaluation developed and performed by the UK AI Security Institute for assessing whether advanced AI systems take unsanctioned actions outside the scope of their assigned task. We evaluate whether frontier models conduct supply-chain attacks against...

Removing the NEEDLE in the Haystack: Backdoor Removal in LLMs Via Weight Orthogonalisation

Backdoor attacks can be implanted in Large Language Models LLMs during training, causing unwanted behaviour when a trigger appears in the input. Existing backdoor defences for LLMs attempt to remove the backdoor but inadvertently shift the model's output distribution to benign prompts, which can...

One Pipeline Does Not Fit All: TAILOR, a Type- and State-Aware Framework for CVE Reproduction

Growing vulnerability disclosure and widespread software reuse increase security teams' need for reproducible evidence to diagnose vulnerabilities, validate patches, and build regression tests. Producing such evidence at scale requires automated end-to-end CVE reproduction. Existing methods...

Deep Learning Latency Attacks and Defenses: A Cross-Domain Survey of Availability Threats

Adversarial machine learning has focused mainly on integrity, but availability is an increasingly consequential complement. Latency attacks also energy-latency attacks increase inference-time work, energy, or response time, causing deadline misses, throughput collapse, or resource exhaustion in...

When Cyber Scoring Systems Diverge: An Empirical Comparison

Vulnerability scoring systems underpin cyber patch prioritization and risk management, but their comparative behavior is almost always assessed in the abstract, through correlation studies in IT vulnerability databases, rather than by the operational consequences they produce when embedded in a...

Beyond the Headset: A Systematization of Knowledge on Extended Reality Privacy and Security in Healthcare

Extended reality XR systems are increasingly used in healthcare applications ranging from surgical planning to remote rehabilitation and mental health support. However, the rich streams of sensor, biometric, behavioral, and environmental data that enable these applications also introduce...

SURE: Framework for Safety to Construct Trustworthy AI

Warning: This paper contains harmful and offensive text. Recently, large language models such as GPT-4, and Claude have revolutionized tasks in various domains. As the use of these large language models increases, people are increasingly concerned about AI safety and demand that large language...

Behavior-Centric Malware Classification with Fine-Grained Malicious Logic Localization

Effective malware analysis requires understanding not only whether a program is malicious, but also which behaviors it exhibits and where those behaviors originate in the code. Existing machine-learning-based malware detectors largely operate as black boxes, providing limited insight into the...

Quantum Leakage Resilience of Shamir Secret Sharing

We initiate the study of quantum leakage resilience of unmodified Shamir secret sharing over prime fields. A well-studied leakage model for Shamir's secret sharing classically is single-bit local leakage from each share. We consider its quantum analogue where, for each party, a local leakage...

Forensic-Aware Continual Adaptation for Image Forgery Localization

The rapid evolution of image manipulation techniques has raised growing public security concerns. Existing Image Forgery Localization IFL methods can accurately localize manipulated regions but are often unable to adapt to newly emerging forgeries. In real-world forensic scenarios, data typically...

Practical Secrets Extraction against Black-Box LLMs

Large language models LLMs increasingly power autonomous coding agents such as Codex and Claude Code, yet their training corpora may contain confidential credentials exposed in public repositories or collected from private development artifacts, creating risks of memorization and subsequent...

OpenSSL Security Advisory 20260929

OpenSSL Security Advisory 20260929 - The DTLS retransmission logic does not correctly handle a handshake message write that is suspended part-way through. The retransmitted message can be read past the message buffer and the retransmission overwrites the internal state the suspended write needs t...

YARA-X 1.21.0

YARA-X is a re-incarnation of YARA, a pattern matching tool designed with malware researchers in mind. This new incarnation intends to be faster, safer and more user-friendly than its predecessor. The ultimate goal of YARA-X is replacing YARA as the default pattern matching tool for malware...

NoMachine Arbitrary File Deletion

NoMachine versions prior to fixed releases 9.4.14 and 8.22.1 contain an external control of file path vulnerability that allows a local low-privileged attacker to delete arbitrary files as root...

Lights, Camera, Attack: Exploiting Temporal HDR Fusion with Pulsed Light

Modern cameras widely use temporal High Dynamic Range HDR to improve visibility by capturing a sequence of exposures with different integration times and fusing them into a single image. This process implicitly assumes that scene illumination remains sufficiently stable during capture. We introdu...

Epson iProjection Android Application version 3.2.6 Hard-coded Credentials

Epson iProjection Android application version 3.2.6 contains hard-coded credentials that can authenticate to the Web Control interface of affected Epson projectors...

Harvest Season for SLUB: From Io_uring Vulnerability to Novel Sheaf-Based Exploitation Techniques

The Linux kernel's push for higher I/O performance and more efficient memory management has introduced new mechanisms that, while improving performance, also open new attack surfaces. This research examines two of them together: the iouring subsystem and the sheaf/barn caching mechanism added to...

HARDE: Optimizing Agent Harnesses for Runtime Risk Detection and Execution Control

Large language model LLM agents are vulnerable to safety risks such as injected malicious instructions or misleading information, motivating runtime defenses that prevent unsafe action in execution across diverse risks while preserving benign-task utility. Existing system-level defenses either...

Proof-Gated Signing: Solver-Checked Transaction Guards That Hold under State Drift for Onchain AI Agents

AI agents that control wallets read attacker-reachable content, so they can be steered into proposing harmful transactions. The usual last line of defense is a pre-signing check: a static allowlist, an LLM reviewer, or a transaction simulation. All three share a gap: the check describes the chain...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:67.ktls

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Remote DoS via receive-side kernel TLS. A remote TLS 1.3 peer can send a specially crafted record to trigger a kernel panic, resulting in a Denial of Service DoS...

Security-Enhanced Seed-Based Weight Quantization for Large Language Models

Large language models LLMs incur substantial storage, memory-bandwidth and energy costs, motivating compact weight representations. Existing seed-based compression methods reconstruct weights from compact pseudo-random representations but do not explicitly account for the non-uniform sensitivity ...

SKILLLITE: Evidence-Guided Malicious Skill Auditing with Compact LLMs

As LLM-based agents perform increasingly complex tasks, Agent Skills have emerged as a flexible mechanism for extending their capabilities. An Agent Skill packages task-specific instructions with executable components and auxiliary resources to provide specialized functionalities. However, the...

SiYuan 3.8.3 MCP File Operations Path Traversal

SiYuan versions 3.8.0 through 3.8.3 contain an incorrect authorization issue in recursive MCP file operations. An authenticated administrator can bypass the sensitive-path guard to read protected descendants or overwrite them through archive extraction...

SceneJail: Exploiting Video Scenario Context to Jailbreak Multimodal LLMs

Video Multimodal Large Language Models Video-MLLMs support reasoning over video inputs, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit policy-violating responses. Existing video jailbreaks primarily manipulate how harmful queries are visually presented, thereby treating video merely as a...

ContractWarden: Kernel-Enforced Damage Boundaries for AI Agents Via Human-Authorized Contracts

Large language model agents can execute commands, create subprocesses, and directly access files and networks, allowing prompt injection or planning errors to become operating-system side effects. We present ContractWarden, a Linux reference monitor that enforces a human-authorized damage boundar...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:65.kqueue

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Memory safety bugs in kqueue copy-on-fork implementation. An unprivileged local user may be able to exploit these races to escalate privileges...