Enhancing GraphQL Security by Detecting Malicious Queries Using Large Language Models, Sentence Transformers, and Convolutional Neural Networks

GraphQL's flexibility, while beneficial for efficient data fetching, introduces unique security vulnerabilities that traditional API security mechanisms often fail to address. Malicious GraphQL queries can exploit the language's dynamic nature, leading to denial-of-service attacks, data...

A Novel Study on Intelligent Methods and Explainable AI for Dynamic Malware Analysis

Deep learning models are one of the security strategies, trained on extensive datasets, and play a critical role in detecting and responding to these threats by recognizing complex patterns in malicious code. However, the opaque nature of these models-often described as "black boxes"-makes their...

HEIR: a Universal Compiler for Homomorphic Encryption

This work presents Homomorphic Encryption Intermediate Representation HEIR, a unified approach to building homomorphic encryption HE compilers. HEIR aims to support all mainstream techniques in homomorphic encryption, integrate with all major software libraries and hardware accelerators, and...

BERTector: Intrusion Detection Based on Joint-Dataset Learning

Intrusion detection systems IDS are facing challenges in generalization and robustness due to the heterogeneity of network traffic and the diversity of attack patterns. To address this issue, we propose a new joint-dataset training paradigm for IDS and propose a scalable BERTector framework based...

REFN: a Reinforcement-Learning-From-Network Framework against 1-Day/N-Day Exploitations

The exploitation of 1 day or n day vulnerabilities poses severe threats to networked devices due to massive deployment scales and delayed patching average Mean Time To Patch exceeds 60 days. Existing defenses, including host based patching and network based filtering, are inadequate due to limite...

Yet Another Mirage of Breaking MIRAGE: Debunking Occupancy-Based Side-Channel Attacks on Fully Associative Randomized Caches

Recent work presented at USENIX Security 2025 claims that occupancy-based attacks can recover AES keys from the MIRAGE randomized cache. In this paper, we examine these claims and find that they arise from fundamental modeling flaws. Most critically, the authors' simulation of MIRAGE uses a...

CISA: FY 2025 State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program FAQs

Congress established the State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program SLCGP to "award grants to eligible entities to address cybersecurity risks and cybersecurity threats to information systems owned or operated by, or on behalf of, state, local, or Tribal governments." Within the U.S. Department ...

Social-Sensor Identity Cloning Detection Using Weakly Supervised Deep Forest and Cryptographic Authentication

Recent years have witnessed a rising trend in social-sensor cloud identity cloning incidents. However, existing approaches suffer from unsatisfactory performance, a lack of solutions for detecting duplicated accounts, and a lack of large-scale evaluations on real-world datasets. We introduce a...

Amazon Nova AI Challenge -- Trusted AI: Advancing Secure, AI-Assisted Software Development

AI systems for software development are rapidly gaining prominence, yet significant challenges remain in ensuring their safety. To address this, Amazon launched the Trusted AI track of the Amazon Nova AI Challenge, a global competition among 10 university teams to drive advances in secure AI. In...

Incorporating Taxonomies of Cyber Incidents into Detection Networks for Improved Detection Performance

Many taxonomies exist to organize cybercrime incidents into ontological categories. We examine some of the taxonomies introduced in the literature; providing a framework, and analysis, of how best to leverage different taxonomy structures to optimize performance of detections targeting various...

SECRET MESSENGERS

Whitepaper called SECRET MESSENGERS: Disseminating SIGINT in the Second World War: The Story of the British SLUs and American SSOs. This is a joint NSA and GCHQ release...

Perfect Message Authentication Codes Are Robust to Small Deviations from Uniform Key Distributions

We investigate the impact of possible deviations of the probability distribution of key values from a uniform distribution for the information-theoretic strong, or perfect, message authentication code. We found a simple expression for the decrease in security as a function of the statistical...

Demystifying the Role of Rule-Based Detection in AI Systems for Windows Malware Detection

Malware detection increasingly relies on AI systems that integrate signature-based detection with machine learning. However, these components are typically developed and combined in isolation, missing opportunities to reduce data complexity and strengthen defenses against adversarial EXEmples,...

Causal Graph Profiling Via Structural Divergence for Robust Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems

With the growing complexity of cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructures such as water treatment networks, there is a pressing need for robust anomaly detection strategies that account for both system vulnerabilities and evolving attack patterns. Traditional methods -- statistical,...

Explainable Ensemble Learning for Graph-Based Malware Detection

Malware detection in modern computing environments demands models that are not only accurate but also interpretable and robust to evasive techniques. Graph neural networks GNNs have shown promise in this domain by modeling rich structural dependencies in graph-based program representations such a...

Extending the OWASP Multi-Agentic System Threat Modeling Guide: Insights from Multi-Agent Security Research

We propose an extension to the OWASP Multi-Agentic System MAS Threat Modeling Guide, translating recent anticipatory research in multi-agent security MASEC into practical guidance for addressing challenges unique to large language model LLM-driven multi-agent architectures. Although OWASP's...

CISA: Foundations for OT Cybersecurity: Asset Inventory Guidance for Owners and Operators

This guidance outlines a process for OT owners and operators to create an asset inventory and OT taxonomy. This process includes defining scope and objectives for the inventory, identifying assets, collecting attributes, creating a taxonomy, managing data, and implementing asset life cycle...

MetaGuardian: Enhancing Voice Assistant Security through Advanced Acoustic Metamaterials

We present MetaGuardian, a voice assistant VA protection system based on acoustic metamaterials. MetaGuardian can be directly integrated into the enclosures of various smart devices, effectively defending against inaudible, adversarial and laser attacks without relying on additional software...

Heracles: Chosen Plaintext Attack on AMD SEV-SNP

A whitepaper discussing an attack on AMD SEV-SNP called Heracles that was able to leak kernel memory, crypto keys, and user passwords, as well as demonstrate web session hijacking...

Shadow in the Cache: Unveiling and Mitigating Privacy Risks of KV-Cache in LLM Inference

The Key-Value KV cache, which stores intermediate attention computations Key and Value pairs to avoid redundant calculations, is a fundamental mechanism for accelerating Large Language Model LLM inference. However, this efficiency optimization introduces significant yet underexplored privacy risk...

Image Selective Encryption Analysis Using Mutual Information in CNN Based Embedding Space

As digital data transmission continues to scale, concerns about privacy grow increasingly urgent - yet privacy remains a socially constructed and ambiguously defined concept, lacking a universally accepted quantitative measure. This work examines information leakage in image data, a domain where...

Securing Educational LLMs: a Generalised Taxonomy of Attacks on LLMs and DREAD Risk Assessment

Due to perceptions of efficiency and significant productivity gains, various organisations, including in education, are adopting Large Language Models LLMs into their workflows. Educator-facing, learner-facing, and institution-facing LLMs, collectively, Educational Large Language Models eLLMs,...

FetFIDS: a Feature Embedding Attention Based Federated Network Intrusion Detection Algorithm

Intrusion Detection Systems IDS have an increasingly important role in preventing exploitation of network vulnerabilities by malicious actors. Recent deep learning based developments have resulted in significant improvements in the performance of IDS systems. In this paper, we present FetFIDS,...

Surpassing the PLOB Bound in Continuous-Variable Quantum Secret Sharing Using a State-Discrimination Detector

Continuous-variable quantum secret sharing CVQSS is a promising approach to ensuring multi-party information security. While CVQSS offers practical ease of implementation, its present performance remains limited. In this paper, we propose a novel CVQSS protocol integrated with a...

Developing a Transferable Federated Network Intrusion Detection System

Intrusion Detection Systems IDS are a vital part of a network-connected device. In this paper, we develop a deep learning based intrusion detection system that is deployed in a distributed setup across devices connected to a network. Our aim is to better equip deep learning models against unknown...

Hypervisor-Based Double Extortion Ransomware Detection Method Using Kitsune Network Features

Double extortion ransomware attacks have become mainstream since many organizations adopt more robust and resilient data backup strategies against conventional crypto-ransomware. This paper presents detailed attack stages, tactics, procedures, and tools used in the double extortion ransomware...

Generalized Kennedy Receivers Enhanced CV-QKD in Turbulent Channels for Endogenous Security of Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network

Endogenous security in next-generation wireless communication systems attracts increasing attentions in recent years. A typical solution to endogenous security problems is the quantum key distribution QKD, where unconditional security can be achieved thanks to the inherent properties of quantum...

Load-Altering Attacks against Power Grids: a Case Study Using the GB-36 Bus System Open Dataset

The growing digitalization and the rapid adoption of high-powered Internet-of-Things IoT-enabled devices e.g., EV charging stations have increased the vulnerability of power grids to cyber threats. In particular, the so-called Load Altering Attacks LAAs can trigger rapid frequency fluctuations an...

Attacks and Defenses against LLM Fingerprinting

As large language models are increasingly deployed in sensitive environments, fingerprinting attacks pose significant privacy and security risks. We present a study of LLM fingerprinting from both offensive and defensive perspectives. Our attack methodology uses reinforcement learning to...

Secure Authentication Via Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions: a Review

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions QPUFs offer a physically grounded approach to secure authentication, extending the capabilities of classical PUFs. This review covers their theoretical foundations and key implementation challenges - such as quantum memories and Haar-randomness -, and...

Enhance the Machine Learning Algorithm Performance in Phishing Detection with Keyword Features

Recently, we can observe a significant increase of the phishing attacks in the Internet. In a typical phishing attack, the attacker sets up a malicious website that looks similar to the legitimate website in order to obtain the end-users' information. This may cause the leakage of the sensitive...

Omnissa Workspace ONE UEM Path Traversal / Server-Side Request Forgery

Omnissa Workspace ONE UEM suffers from path traversal and server-side request forgery vulnerabilities...

Evasive Ransomware Attacks Using Low-Level Behavioral Adversarial Examples

Protecting state-of-the-art AI-based cybersecurity defense systems from cyber attacks is crucial. Attackers create adversarial examples by adding small changes i.e., perturbations to the attack features to evade or fool the deep learning model. This paper introduces the concept of low-level...

Can AI Keep a Secret? Contextual Integrity Verification: a Provable Security Architecture for LLMs

Large language models LLMs remain acutely vulnerable to prompt injection and related jailbreak attacks; heuristic guardrails rules, filters, LLM judges are routinely bypassed. We present Contextual Integrity Verification CIV, an inference-time security architecture that attaches cryptographically...

Deep Learning Models for Robust Facial Liveness Detection

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital security, biometric authentication systems, particularly facial recognition, have emerged as integral components of various security protocols. However, the reliability of these systems is compromised by sophisticated spoofing attacks, where imposters...

Microsoft PlayReady Activation Protocol Issues

This advisory builds on prior disclosed work in 2022 regarding Microsoft PlayReady protocol issues that can lead to leaf certificate generation using fake identities...

MADPromptS: Unlocking Zero-Shot Morphing Attack Detection with Multiple Prompt Aggregation

Face Morphing Attack Detection MAD is a critical challenge in face recognition security, where attackers can fool systems by interpolating the identity information of two or more individuals into a single face image, resulting in samples that can be verified as belonging to multiple identities by...

IAG: Input-Aware Backdoor Attack on VLMs for Visual Grounding

Vision-language models VLMs have shown significant advancements in tasks such as visual grounding, where they localize specific objects in images based on natural language queries and images. However, security issues in visual grounding tasks for VLMs remain underexplored, especially in the conte...

Omnissa Secure Email Gateway / Unified Access Gateway SSRF

Omnissa Secure Email Gateway On-Premise SEG and Omnissa Unified Access Gateway On-Premise UAG suffer from a server-side request forgery vulnerability...

Exploring Cross-Stage Adversarial Transferability in Class-Incremental Continual Learning

Class-incremental continual learning addresses catastrophic forgetting by enabling classification models to preserve knowledge of previously learned classes while acquiring new ones. However, the vulnerability of the models against adversarial attacks during this process has not been investigated...

Security Analysis of ChatGPT: Threats and Privacy Risks

As artificial intelligence technology continues to advance, chatbots are becoming increasingly powerful. Among them, ChatGPT, launched by OpenAI, has garnered widespread attention globally due to its powerful natural language processing capabilities based on the GPT model, which enables it to...

Kigen eUICC Type Confusion

Security Explorations has further examined the security of Kigen eUICC cards with GSMA consumer certificates installed. This advisory is an update and expansion to the original research disclosed, however it does not disclose exact details. They do, however, state that the new issue seems more...

Never Compromise to Vulnerabilities: a Comprehensive Survey on AI Governance

The rapid advancement of AI has expanded its capabilities across domains, yet introduced critical technical vulnerabilities, such as algorithmic bias and adversarial sensitivity, that pose significant societal risks, including misinformation, inequity, security breaches, physical harm, and eroded...

Robust Anomaly Detection in O-RAN: Leveraging LLMs against Data Manipulation Attacks

The introduction of 5G and the Open Radio Access Network O-RAN architecture has enabled more flexible and intelligent network deployments. However, the increased complexity and openness of these architectures also introduce novel security challenges, such as data manipulation attacks on the...

Differential Privacy for Regulatory Compliance in Cyberattack Detection on Critical Infrastructure Systems

Industrial control systems are a fundamental component of critical infrastructure networks CIN such as gas, water and power. With the growing risk of cyberattacks, regulatory compliance requirements are also increasing for large scale critical infrastructure systems comprising multiple utility...

VOIDFace: a Privacy-Preserving Multi-Network Face Recognition with Enhanced Security

Advancement of machine learning techniques, combined with the availability of large-scale datasets, has significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of facial recognition. Modern facial recognition systems are trained using large face datasets collected from diverse individuals or public...

Designing with Deception: ML- and Covert Gate-Enhanced Camouflaging to Thwart IC Reverse Engineering

Integrated circuits ICs are essential to modern electronic systems, yet they face significant risks from physical reverse engineering RE attacks that compromise intellectual property IP and overall system security. While IC camouflage techniques have emerged to mitigate these risks, existing...

AI Security Map: Holistic Organization of AI Security Technologies and Impacts on Stakeholders

As the social implementation of AI has been steadily progressing, research and development related to AI security has also been increasing. However, existing studies have been limited to organizing related techniques, attacks, defenses, and risks in terms of specific domains or AI elements. Thus,...

Securing Agentic AI: Threat Modeling and Risk Analysis for Network Monitoring Agentic AI System

When combining Large Language Models LLMs with autonomous agents, used in network monitoring and decision-making systems, this will create serious security issues. In this research, the MAESTRO framework consisting of the seven layers threat modeling architecture in the system was used to expose,...

A Comparative Analysis of Lightweight Hash Functions Using AVR ATXMega128 and ChipWhisperer

Lightweight hash functions have become important building blocks for security in embedded and IoT systems. A plethora of algorithms have been proposed and standardized, providing a wide range of performance trade-off options for developers to choose from. This paper presents a comparative analysi...