Large Language Models in Cybersecurity: Applications, Vulnerabilities, and Defense Techniques

Large Language Models LLMs are transforming cybersecurity by enabling intelligent, adaptive, and automated approaches to threat detection, vulnerability assessment, and incident response. With their advanced language understanding and contextual reasoning, LLMs surpass traditional methods in...

Prompt Injection 2.0: Hybrid AI Threats

Prompt injection attacks, where malicious input is designed to manipulate AI systems into ignoring their original instructions and following unauthorized commands instead, were first discovered by Preamble, Inc. in May 2022 and responsibly disclosed to OpenAI. Over the last three years, these...

Non-Adaptive Adversarial Face Generation

Adversarial attacks on face recognition systems FRSs pose serious security and privacy threats, especially when these systems are used for identity verification. In this paper, we propose a novel method for generating adversarial faces-synthetic facial images that are visually distinct yet...

SHIELD: a Secure and Highly Enhanced Integrated Learning for Robust Deepfake Detection against Adversarial Attacks

Audio plays a crucial role in applications like speaker verification, voice-enabled smart devices, and audio conferencing. However, audio manipulations, such as deepfakes, pose significant risks by enabling the spread of misinformation. Our empirical analysis reveals that existing methods for...

A Distributed Generative AI Approach for Heterogeneous Multi-Domain Environments under Data Sharing Constraints

Federated Learning has gained increasing attention for its ability to enable multiple nodes to collaboratively train machine learning models without sharing their raw data. At the same time, Generative AI -- particularly Generative Adversarial Networks GANs -- have achieved remarkable success...

How to Mitigate and Defend against DDoS Attacks in IoT Devices

Distributed Denial of Service DDoS attacks have become increasingly prevalent and dangerous in the context of Internet of Things IoT networks, primarily due to the low-security configurations of many connected devices. This paper analyzes the nature and impact of DDoS attacks such as those launch...

PHASE: Passive Human Activity Simulation Evaluation

Cybersecurity simulation environments, such as cyber ranges, honeypots, and sandboxes, require realistic human behavior to be effective, yet no quantitative method exists to assess the behavioral fidelity of synthetic user personas. This paper presents PHASE Passive Human Activity Simulation...

Manipulation Attacks by Misaligned AI: Risk Analysis and Safety Case Framework

Frontier AI systems are rapidly advancing in their capabilities to persuade, deceive, and influence human behaviour, with current models already demonstrating human-level persuasion and strategic deception in specific contexts. Humans are often the weakest link in cybersecurity systems, and a...

Enterprise Security Incident Analysis and Countermeasures Based on the T-Mobile Data Breach

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of T-Mobile's critical data breaches in 2021 and 2023, alongside a full-spectrum security audit targeting its systems, infrastructure, and publicly exposed endpoints. By combining case-based vulnerability assessments with active ethical hacking...

Architectural Backdoors in Deep Learning: a Survey of Vulnerabilities, Detection, and Defense

Architectural backdoors pose an under-examined but critical threat to deep neural networks, embedding malicious logic directly into a model's computational graph. Unlike traditional data poisoning or parameter manipulation, architectural backdoors evade standard mitigation techniques and persist...

Toward an Intent-Based and Ontology-Driven Autonomic Security Response in Security Orchestration Automation and Response

Modern Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response SOAR platforms must rapidly adapt to continuously evolving cyber attacks. Intent-Based Networking has emerged as a promising paradigm for cyber attack mitigation through high-level declarative intents, which offer greater flexibility and...

MAD-Spear: a Conformity-Driven Prompt Injection Attack on Multi-Agent Debate Systems

Multi-agent debate MAD systems leverage collaborative interactions among large language models LLMs agents to improve reasoning capabilities. While recent studies have focused on increasing the accuracy and scalability of MAD systems, their security vulnerabilities have received limited attention...

IDFace: Face Template Protection for Efficient and Secure Identification

As face recognition systems FRS become more widely used, user privacy becomes more important. A key privacy issue in FRS is protecting the user's face template, as the characteristics of the user's face image can be recovered from the template. Although recent advances in cryptographic tools such...

Evasion under Blockchain Sanctions

Sanctioning blockchain addresses has become a common regulatory response to malicious activities. However, enforcement on permissionless blockchains remains challenging due to complex transaction flows and sophisticated fund-obfuscation techniques. Using cryptocurrency mixing tool Tornado Cash as...

Unveiling Usability Challenges in Web Privacy Controls

With the increasing concerns around privacy and the enforcement of data privacy laws, many websites now provide users with privacy controls. However, locating these controls can be challenging, as they are frequently hidden within multiple settings and layers. Moreover, the lack of standardizatio...

A Privacy-Preserving Framework for Advertising Personalization Incorporating Federated Learning and Differential Privacy

To mitigate privacy leakage and performance issues in personalized advertising, this paper proposes a framework that integrates federated learning and differential privacy. The system combines distributed feature extraction, dynamic privacy budget allocation, and robust model aggregation to balan...

Thought Purity: Defense Paradigm for Chain-Of-Thought Attack

While reinforcement learning-trained Large Reasoning Models LRMs, e.g., Deepseek-R1 demonstrate advanced reasoning capabilities in the evolving Large Language Models LLMs domain, their susceptibility to security threats remains a critical vulnerability. This weakness is particularly evident in...

Faraday 5.15.0

Faraday is a tool that introduces a new concept called IPE, or Integrated Penetration-Test Environment. It is a multiuser penetration test IDE designed for distribution, indexation and analysis of the generated data during the process of a security audit. The main purpose of Faraday is to re-use...

An Investigation of Ear-EEG Signals for a Novel Biometric Authentication System

This work explores the feasibility of biometric authentication using EEG signals acquired through in-ear devices, commonly referred to as ear-EEG. Traditional EEG-based biometric systems, while secure, often suffer from low usability due to cumbersome scalp-based electrode setups. In this study, ...

From Paranoia to Compliance: the Bumpy Road of System Hardening Practices on Stack Exchange

Hardening computer systems against cyberattacks is crucial for security. However, past incidents illustrated, that many system operators struggle with effective system hardening. Hence, many computer systems and applications remain insecure. So far, the research community lacks an in-depth...

Space Cybersecurity Testbed: Fidelity Framework, Example Implementation, and Characterization

Cyber threats against space infrastructures, including satellites and systems on the ground, have not been adequately understood. Testbeds are important to deepen our understanding and validate space cybersecurity studies. The state of the art is that there are very few studies on building...

libxml2 xmlRegEpxFromParse Integer Overflow / Heap Buffer Overflow

libxml2 suffers from an integer overflow that leads to a heap buffer overflow in xmlRegEpxFromParse...

Exploiting Jailbreaking Vulnerabilities in Generative AI to Bypass Ethical Safeguards for Facilitating Phishing Attacks

The advent of advanced Generative AI GenAI models such as DeepSeek and ChatGPT has significantly reshaped the cybersecurity landscape, introducing both promising opportunities and critical risks. This study investigates how GenAI powered chatbot services can be exploited via jailbreaking techniqu...

Backscattering-Based Security in Wireless Power Transfer Applied to Battery-Free BLE Sensors

The integration of security and energy efficiency in Internet of Things systems remains a critical challenge, particularly for battery-free and resource-constrained devices. This paper explores the scalability and protocol-agnostic nature of a backscattering-based security mechanism by integratin...

Multi-Granular Discretization for Interpretable Generalization in Precise Cyberattack Identification

Explainable intrusion detection systems IDS are now recognized as essential for mission-critical networks, yet most "XAI" pipelines still bolt an approximate explainer onto an opaque classifier, leaving analysts with partial and sometimes misleading insights. The Interpretable Generalization IG...

NodeJS 24.x Path Traversal

Proof of concept exploit for CVE-2025-27210, a precise path traversal vulnerability affecting Node.js applications running on Microsoft Windows. This vulnerability leverages the specific way Windows handles reserved device file names e.g., AUX, CON, NUL when combined with directory traversal...

HyDRA: a Hybrid Dual-Mode Network for Closed- and Open-Set RFFI with Optimized VMD

Device recognition is vital for security in wireless communication systems, particularly for applications like access control. Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification RFFI offers a non-cryptographic solution by exploiting hardware-induced signal distortions. This paper proposes HyDRA, a Hybrid...

On the Consideration of Vanity Address Generation Via Identity-Based Signatures

An address is indicated as an identifier of the user on the blockchain, and is defined by a hash value of the ECDSA verification key. A vanity address is an address that embeds custom characters such as a name. To generate a vanity address, a classical try-and-error method is employed, and thus t...

gimmePATz - GitHub Personal Access Token (PAT) Recon Tool 1.0.0

gimmePatz is a recon tool for GitHub PATs. Designed for bug bounty hunters, pentesters and red teams. gimmePatz will tell you what scopes a PAT has, and it will tell you what repositories or GitHub Organizations the PAT is attached to as well...

GPU-Accelerated Interpretable Generalization for Rapid Cyberattack Detection and Forensics

The Interpretable Generalization IG mechanism recently published in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security delivers state-of-the-art, evidence-based intrusion detection by discovering coherent normal and attack patterns through exhaustive intersect-and-subset operations-yet its...

Safeguarding Federated Learning-Based Road Condition Classification

Federated Learning FL has emerged as a promising solution for privacy-preserving autonomous driving, specifically camera-based Road Condition Classification RCC systems, harnessing distributed sensing, computing, and communication resources on board vehicles without sharing sensitive image data...

Hashed Watermark As a Filter: Defeating Forging and Overwriting Attacks in Weight-Based Neural Network Watermarking

As valuable digital assets, deep neural networks necessitate robust ownership protection, positioning neural network watermarking NNW as a promising solution. Among various NNW approaches, weight-based methods are favored for their simplicity and practicality; however, they remain vulnerable to...

Mitigating Trojanized Prompt Chains in Educational LLM Use Cases: Experimental Findings and Detection Tool Design

The integration of Large Language Models LLMs in K--12 education offers both transformative opportunities and emerging risks. This study explores how students may Trojanize prompts to elicit unsafe or unintended outputs from LLMs, bypassing established content moderation systems with safety...

MT4DP: Data Poisoning Attack Detection for DL-Based Code Search Models Via Metamorphic Testing

Recently, several studies have indicated that data poisoning attacks pose a severe security threat to deep learning-based DL-based code search models. Attackers inject carefully crafted malicious patterns into the training data, misleading the code search model to learn these patterns during...

WordPress HT Contact Form Widget 2.2.1 Shell Upload

The WordPress HT Contact Form Widget plugin is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the tempfileupload function in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.1. This allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to the server, potentially leading to...

Secure Quantum Key Distribution against Correlated Leakage Source

Quantum key distribution QKD provides information theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, however, its practical deployment is challenged by imperfections of source devices. Among various source loopholes, correlations between transmitted pulses pose a significant yet underexplored securit...

LRCTI: a Large Language Model-Based Framework for Multi-Step Evidence Retrieval and Reasoning in Cyber Threat Intelligence Credibility Verification

Verifying the credibility of Cyber Threat Intelligence CTI is essential for reliable cybersecurity defense. However, traditional approaches typically treat this task as a static classification problem, relying on handcrafted features or isolated deep learning models. These methods often lack the...

A Review of Privacy Metrics for Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Data Generation

Privacy Preserving Synthetic Data Generation PP-SDG has emerged to produce synthetic datasets from personal data while maintaining privacy and utility. Differential privacy DP is the property of a PP-SDG mechanism that establishes how protected individuals are when sharing their sensitive data. I...

FacialMotionID: Identifying Users of Mixed Reality Headsets Using Abstract Facial Motion Representations

Facial motion capture in mixed reality headsets enables real-time avatar animation, allowing users to convey non-verbal cues during virtual interactions. However, as facial motion data constitutes a behavioral biometric, its use raises novel privacy concerns. With mixed reality systems becoming...

A Three-Party Lightweight Quantum Key Distribution Protocol in a Restricted Quantum Environment

This study proposes a new lightweight quantum key distribution LQKD protocol based on the four-particle cluster state within a quantum-restricted environment. The protocol enables a quantum-capable user to simultaneously establish two separate secret keys with two "classical" users, who are limit...

Bridging the Gap in Vision Language Models in Identifying Unsafe Concepts across Modalities

Whitepaper called Bridging The Gap In Vision Language Models In Identifying Unsafe Concepts Across Modalities...

TOTOLINK N300RB 8.54 Hidden Remote Support Feature

A hidden remote support feature protected by a static secret in TOTOLINK N300RB firmware version 8.54 allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges...

Finite-Correlation-Secure Quantum Key Distribution

Correlation between different pulses is a nettlesome problem in quantum key distribution QKD. All existing solutions for this problem need to characterize the strength of the correlation, which may reduce the security of QKD to an accurate characterization. In this article, we propose a new...

Security Enclave Architecture for Heterogeneous Security Primitives for Supply-Chain Attacks

Designing secure architectures for system-on-chip SoC platforms is a highly intricate and time-intensive task, often requiring months of development and meticulous verification. Even minor architectural oversights can lead to critical vulnerabilities that undermine the security of the entire chip...

WaFusion: a Wavelet-Enhanced Diffusion Framework for Face Morph Generation

Biometric face morphing poses a critical challenge to identity verification systems, undermining their security and robustness. To address this issue, we propose WaFusion, a novel framework combining wavelet decomposition and diffusion models to generate high-quality, realistic morphed face image...

Secure Goal-Oriented Communication: Defending against Eavesdropping Timing Attacks

Goal-oriented Communication GoC is a new paradigm that plans data transmission to occur only when it is instrumental for the receiver to achieve a certain goal. This leads to the advantage of reducing the frequency of transmissions significantly while maintaining adherence to the receiver's...

An Adversarial Quantum Key Distribution Project

Quantum key distribution QKD is a popular introduction to quantum technologies used in education and public outreach, as very little background in quantum theory is needed and the practical applications are easily understood. There is considerably less exposure to the many real-world consideratio...

Multi-Trigger Poisoning Amplifies Backdoor Vulnerabilities in LLMs

Recent studies have shown that Large Language Models LLMs are vulnerable to data poisoning attacks, where malicious training examples embed hidden behaviours triggered by specific input patterns. However, most existing works assume a phrase and focus on the attack's effectiveness, offering limite...

Security Debt in Practice: Nuanced Insights from Practitioners

With the increasing reliance on software and automation nowadays, tight deadlines, limited resources, and prioritization of functionality over security can lead to insecure coding practices. When not handled properly, these constraints cause unaddressed security vulnerabilities to accumulate over...

Fairness-Aware Secure Integrated Sensing and Communications with Fractional Programming

We propose a novel secure integrated sensing and communications ISAC system designed to serve multiple communication users CUs and targets. To that end, we formulate an optimization problem that maximizes the secrecy rate under constraints balancing both communication and sensing requirements. To...