DualTAP: A Dual-Task Adversarial Protector for Mobile MLLM Agents

The reliance of mobile GUI agents on Multimodal Large Language Models MLLMs introduces a severe privacy vulnerability: screenshots containing Personally Identifiable Information PII are often sent to untrusted, third-party routers. These routers can exploit their own MLLMs to mine this data,...

GNUnet P2P Framework 0.26.1

GNUnet is a peer-to-peer framework with focus on providing security. All peer-to-peer messages in the network are confidential and authenticated. The framework provides a transport abstraction layer and can currently encapsulate the network traffic in UDP IPv4 and IPv6, TCP IPv4 and IPv6, HTTP, o...

Wapiti Web Application Vulnerability Scanner 3.2.10

Wapiti is a web application vulnerability scanner. It will scan the web pages of a deployed web application and will fuzz the URL parameters and forms to find common web vulnerabilities. This is the binary release...

Offensive Tool Determination Strategy R.I.D.D.L.E. + (C)

Intentional threats are a major risk factor related to vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure assets, and an accurate risk assessment is necessary to analyze threats, assess vulnerabilities, and evaluate potential impacts on assets and systems. This research proposes a methodology that can be...

Adaptive Dual-Layer Web Application Firewall (ADL-WAF) Leveraging Machine Learning for Enhanced Anomaly and Threat Detection

Web Application Firewalls are crucial for protecting web applications against a wide range of cyber threats. Traditional Web Application Firewalls often struggle to effectively distinguish between malicious and legitimate traffic, leading to limited efficacy in threat detection. To overcome these...

GRAPHTEXTACK: A Realistic Black-Box Node Injection Attack on LLM-Enhanced GNNs

Text-attributed graphs TAGs, which combine structural and textual node information, are ubiquitous across many domains. Recent work integrates Large Language Models LLMs with Graph Neural Networks GNNs to jointly model semantics and structure, resulting in more general and expressive models that...

Retrofit: Continual Learning with Bounded Forgetting for Security Applications

Modern security analytics are increasingly powered by deep learning models, but their performance often degrades as threat landscapes evolve and data representations shift. While continual learning CL offers a promising paradigm to maintain model effectiveness, many approaches rely on full...

Adaptive Intrusion Detection for Evolving RPL IoT Attacks Using Incremental Learning

The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks RPL has become the de facto routing standard for resource-constrained IoT systems, but its lightweight design exposes critical vulnerabilities to a wide range of routing-layer attacks such as hello flood, decreased rank, and version number...

Can AI Models Be Jailbroken to Phish Elderly Victims? an End-To-End Evaluation

We present an end-to-end demonstration of how attackers can exploit AI safety failures to harm vulnerable populations: from jailbreaking LLMs to generate phishing content, to deploying those messages against real targets, to successfully compromising elderly victims. We systematically evaluated...

Endpoint Security Agent: A Comprehensive Approach to Real-Time System Monitoring and Threat Detection

As cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and frequency, robust endpoint protection is essential for organizational security. This paper presents "Endpoint Security Agent: A Comprehensive Approach to Real-time System Monitoring and Threat Detection" a modular, real-time security solution...

Publish Your Threat Models! the Benefits Far Outweigh the Dangers

Threat modeling has long guided software development work, and we consider how Public Threat Models PTM can convey useful security information to others. We list some early adopter precedents, explain the many benefits, address potential objections, and cite regulatory drivers. Internal threat...

A Secured Intent-Based Networking (SIBN) with Data-Driven Time-Aware Intrusion Detection

While Intent-Based Networking IBN promises operational efficiency through autonomous and abstraction-driven network management, a critical unaddressed issue lies in IBN's implicit trust in the integrity of intent ingested by the network. This inherent assumption of data reliability creates a blin...

GPT-5 at CTFs: Case Studies from Top-Tier Cybersecurity Events

OpenAI and DeepMind's AIs recently got gold at the IMO math olympiad and ICPC programming competition. We show frontier AI is similarly good at hacking by letting GPT-5 compete in elite CTF cybersecurity competitions. In one of this year's hardest events, it outperformed 93% of humans finishing...

Large Language Models for Cyber Security

This paper studies the integration off Large Language Models into cybersecurity tools and protocols. The main issue discussed in this paper is how traditional rule-based and signature based security systems are not enough to deal with modern AI powered cyber threats. Cybersecurity industry is...

Federated Cyber Defense: Privacy-Preserving Ransomware Detection across Distributed Systems

Detecting malware, especially ransomware, is essential to securing today's interconnected ecosystems, including cloud storage, enterprise file-sharing, and database services. Training high-performing artificial intelligence AI detectors requires diverse datasets, which are often distributed acros...

Penetrating the Hostile: Detecting DeFi Protocol Exploits through Cross-Contract Analysis

Decentralized finance DeFi protocols are crypto projects developed on the blockchain to manage digital assets. Attacks on DeFi have been frequent and have resulted in losses exceeding $80 billion. Current tools detect and locate possible vulnerabilities in contracts by analyzing the state changes...

MalDataGen: A Modular Framework for Synthetic Tabular Data Generation in Malware Detection

High-quality data scarcity hinders malware detection, limiting ML performance. We introduce MalDataGen, an open-source modular framework for generating high-fidelity synthetic tabular data using modular deep learning models e.g., WGAN-GP, VQ-VAE. Evaluated via dual validation TR-TS/TS-TR, seven...

On Selecting Few-Shot Examples for LLM-Based Code Vulnerability Detection

Large language models LLMs have demonstrated impressive capabilities for many coding tasks, including summarization, translation, completion, and code generation. However, detecting code vulnerabilities remains a challenging task for LLMs. An effective way to improve LLM performance is in-context...

Is Protective DNS Blocking the Wild West?

We perform a passive measurement study investigating how a Protective DNS service might perform in a Research & Education Network serving hundreds of member institutions. Utilizing freely-available DNS blocklists consisting of domain names deemed to be threats, we test hundreds of millions of...

Packet Fence 15.0.0

PacketFence is a network access control NAC system. It is actively maintained and has been deployed in numerous large-scale institutions. It can be used to effectively secure networks, from small to very large heterogeneous networks. PacketFence provides NAC-oriented features such as registration...

Covert Surveillance in Smart Devices: A SCOUR Framework Analysis of Youth Privacy Implications

This paper investigates how smart devices covertly capture private conversations and discusses in more in-depth the implications of this for youth privacy. Using a structured review guided by the PRISMA methodology, the analysis focuses on privacy concerns, data capture methods, data storage and...

A Neuro-Symbolic Multi-Agent Approach to Legal-Cybersecurity Knowledge Integration

The growing intersection of cybersecurity and law creates a complex information space where traditional legal research tools struggle to deal with nuanced connections between cases, statutes, and technical vulnerabilities. This knowledge divide hinders collaboration between legal experts and...

Evaluation of Vision-LLMs in Surveillance Video

The widespread use of cameras in our society has created an overwhelming amount of video data, far exceeding the capacity for human monitoring. This presents a critical challenge for public safety and security, as the timely detection of anomalous or criminal events is crucial for effective...

Is Your Prompt Poisoning Code? Defect Induction Rates and Security Mitigation Strategies

Large language models LLMs have become indispensable for automated code generation, yet the quality and security of their outputs remain a critical concern. Existing studies predominantly concentrate on adversarial attacks or inherent flaws within the models. However, a more prevalent yet...

Lynis Auditing Tool 3.1.6

Lynis is an auditing tool for Unix specialists. It scans the system and available software to detect security issues. Beside security related information it will also scan for general system information, installed packages and configuration mistakes. This software aims in assisting automated...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-25:09.netinet

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Connected sockets are not intended to belong to load-balancing groups. However, the kernel failed to check the connection state of sockets when adding them to load-balancing groups. Furthermore, when looking up the destination socket for an incoming packet, the kernel...

Exploring the Effect of DNN Depth on Adversarial Attacks in Network Intrusion Detection Systems

Adversarial attacks pose significant challenges to Machine Learning ML systems and especially Deep Neural Networks DNNs by subtly manipulating inputs to induce incorrect predictions. This paper investigates whether increasing the layer depth of deep neural networks affects their robustness agains...

Quantifying Security for Networked Control Systems: A Review

Networked Control Systems NCSs are integral in critical infrastructures such as power grids, transportation networks, and production systems. Ensuring the resilient operation of these large-scale NCSs against cyber-attacks is crucial for societal well-being. Over the past two decades, extensive...

SoK: Taxonomy and Evaluation of Prompt Security in Large Language Models

Large Language Models LLMs have rapidly become integral to real-world applications, powering services across diverse sectors. However, their widespread deployment has exposed critical security risks, particularly through jailbreak prompts that can bypass model alignment and induce harmful outputs...

PoTS: Proof-Of-Training-Steps for Backdoor Detection in Large Language Models

As Large Language Models LLMs gain traction across critical domains, ensuring secure and trustworthy training processes has become a major concern. Backdoor attacks, where malicious actors inject hidden triggers into training data, are particularly insidious and difficult to detect. Existing...

Clam AntiVirus Toolkit 1.5.1

Clam AntiVirus is an anti-virus toolkit for Unix. The main purpose of this software is the integration with mail servers attachment scanning. The package provides a flexible and scalable multi-threaded daemon, a command-line scanner, and a tool for automatic updating via Internet. The programs ar...

HackWorld: Evaluating Computer-Use Agents on Exploiting Web Application Vulnerabilities

Web applications are prime targets for cyberattacks as gateways to critical services and sensitive data. Traditional penetration testing is costly and expertise-intensive, making it difficult to scale with the growing web ecosystem. While language model agents show promise in cybersecurity, moder...

ExPrESSO: Zero-Knowledge Backed Extensive Privacy Preserving Single Sign-On

User authentication is one of the most important aspects for secure communication between services and end-users over the Internet. Service providers leverage Single-Sign On SSO to make it easier for their users to authenticate themselves. However, standardized systems for SSO, such as OIDC, do n...

Towards Reliable and Practical LLM Security Evaluations Via Bayesian Modelling

Before adopting a new large language model LLM architecture, it is critical to understand vulnerabilities accurately. Existing evaluations can be difficult to trust, often drawing conclusions from LLMs that are not meaningfully comparable, relying on heuristic inputs or employing metrics that fai...

Imperceptible Jailbreaking against Large Language Models

Jailbreaking attacks on the vision modality typically rely on imperceptible adversarial perturbations, whereas attacks on the textual modality are generally assumed to require visible modifications e.g., non-semantic suffixes. In this paper, we introduce imperceptible jailbreaks that exploit a...

Learning Cybersecurity Vs. Ethical Hacking: A Comparative Pathway for Aspiring Students

This paper explores the distinctions and connections between cybersecurity and ethical hacking, two vital disciplines in the protection of digital systems. It defines each field, outlines their goals and methodologies, and compares the academic and professional paths available to aspiring student...

A Novel Unified Lightweight Temporal-Spatial Transformer Approach for Intrusion Detection in Drone Networks

The growing integration of drones across commercial, industrial, and civilian domains has introduced significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly due to the susceptibility of drone networks to a wide range of cyberattacks. Existing intrusion detection mechanisms often lack the adaptability,...

American Fuzzy Lop plus plus 4.34c

Google's American Fuzzy Lop is a brute-force fuzzer coupled with an exceedingly simple but rock-solid instrumentation-guided genetic algorithm. afl++ is a superior fork to Google's afl. It has more speed, more and better mutations, more and better instrumentation, custom module support, etc...

MAVUL: Multi-Agent Vulnerability Detection Via Contextual Reasoning and Interactive Refinement

The widespread adoption of open-source software OSS necessitates the mitigation of vulnerability risks. Most vulnerability detection VD methods are limited by inadequate contextual understanding, restrictive single-round interactions, and coarse-grained evaluations, resulting in undesired model...

ICS-SimLab: A Containerized Approach for Simulating Industrial Control Systems for Cyber Security Research

Industrial Control Systems ICSs are complex interconnected systems used to manage process control within industrial environments, such as chemical processing plants and water treatment facilities. As the modern industrial environment moves towards Internet-facing services, ICSs face an increased...

AutoML in Cybersecurity: An Empirical Study

Automated machine learning AutoML has emerged as a promising paradigm for automating machine learning ML pipeline design, broadening AI adoption. Yet its reliability in complex domains such as cybersecurity remains underexplored. This paper systematically evaluates eight open-source AutoML...

CyberSOCEval: Benchmarking LLMs Capabilities for Malware Analysis and Threat Intelligence Reasoning

Today's cyber defenders are overwhelmed by a deluge of security alerts, threat intelligence signals, and shifting business context, creating an urgent need for AI systems to enhance operational security work. While Large Language Models LLMs have the potential to automate and scale Security...

RAG Security and Privacy: Formalizing the Threat Model and Attack Surface

Retrieval-Augmented Generation RAG is an emerging approach in natural language processing that combines large language models LLMs with external document retrieval to produce more accurate and grounded responses. While RAG has shown strong potential in reducing hallucinations and improving factua...

SoK: a Systematic Review of Malware Ontologies and Taxonomies and Implications for the Quantum Era

The threat of quantum malware is real and a growing security concern that will have catastrophic scientific and technological impacts, if not addressed early. If weaponised or exploited especially by the wrong hands, malware will undermine highly sophisticated critical systems supported by...

Towards Adapting Federated and Quantum Machine Learning for Network Intrusion Detection: a Survey

This survey explores the integration of Federated Learning FL with Network Intrusion Detection Systems NIDS, with particular emphasis on deep learning and quantum machine learning approaches. FL enables collaborative model training across distributed devices while preserving data privacy-a critic...

Centralized Vs. Decentralized Security for Space AI Systems? A New Look

This paper investigates the trade-off between centralized and decentralized security management in constellations of satellites to balance security and performance. We highlight three key AI architectures for automated security management: a centralized, b distributed and c federated. The...

DecipherGuard: Understanding and Deciphering Jailbreak Prompts for a Safer Deployment of Intelligent Software Systems

Intelligent software systems powered by Large Language Models LLMs are increasingly deployed in critical sectors, raising concerns about their safety during runtime. Through an industry-academic collaboration when deploying an LLM-powered virtual customer assistant, a critical software engineerin...

TestSSL 3.2.2

testssl.sh is a free command line tool which checks a server's service on any port for the support of TLS/SSL ciphers, protocols as well as recent cryptographic flaws, and much more. It is written in pure bash, makes only use of standard Unix utilities, openssl and last but not least bash sockets...

A Graph-Based Approach to Alert Contextualisation in Security Operations Centres

Interpreting the massive volume of security alerts is a significant challenge in Security Operations Centres SOCs. Effective contextualisation is important, enabling quick distinction between genuine threats and benign activity to prioritise what needs further analysis.This paper proposes a...

XOffense: an AI-Driven Autonomous Penetration Testing Framework with Offensive Knowledge-Enhanced LLMs and Multi Agent Systems

This work introduces xOffense, an AI-driven, multi-agent penetration testing framework that shifts the process from labor-intensive, expert-driven manual efforts to fully automated, machine-executable workflows capable of scaling seamlessly with computational infrastructure. At its core, xOffense...