FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:35.openssl

FreeBSD Security Advisory - Multiple issues have been reported as part of this advisory with different issues affecting different OpenSSL versions and therefore different FreeBSD versions...

Model Poisoning against Federated Model Adaptation with Chain of Bit-Flips

Federated Learning FL allows a set of clients to collectively train a global model without sharing local training data. Giving the responsibility of the training to decentralized actors may lead to poisoning attacks: clients controlled by malicious third party potentially poison the training...

Revive Adserver 6.0.6 Security Auditor

This script is a defensive security auditing utility designed to identify exposed services, review configuration weaknesses, and collect security posture information from a Revive Adserver deployment without performing direct exploitation...

Exploiting Logic Asymmetry in Modern Web Application Firewalls

This research whitepaper demonstrates that even the most modern WAFs remain vulnerable to attacks exploiting logic asymmetry in HTTP protocol processing. Real-world testing on a Weaver Ecology OA system achieved a 100% bypass rate 40/40 test cases, confirming the critical severity of this...

AI Assurance in UK Defence: Challenges in Operationalising JSP 936

This report examines practical challenges in operationalising JSP 936 Part 1 for AI assurance in UK Defence. Using a structured interpretive review of the directive's requirements, the analysis identifies eight thematic challenge areas adequacy of evidence and argument, management of human...

Now You (Still) See Me: Detecting Evasive Steganographic Payloads in LLMs

Large language models can be fine-tuned to encode prompt-borne secrets into fluent, seemingly benign outputs. This creates a steganographic exfiltration risk that is difficult to detect with output-level steganalysis. Recent work proposes mechanistic detection using linear probes that recover the...

FIFOFox: Windows Named-Pipe Security Auditor and Fuzzer

FIFOFox is a Windows named-pipe security assessment tool for identifying weak pipe permissions, pipe-squatting exposure, and named-pipe impersonation attack paths. It combines passive auditing with authorized active testing, including fuzzing and interception-style capture, to help defenders find...

Synthetic APTs: The Collapse of TTP-Based Attribution

Cyber Threat Intelligence CTI attribution relies on identifying the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures TTPs that distinguish one threat actor from another. This approach presupposes that each adversary leaves a recognizable operational fingerprint. This work investigates whether AI driven...

CISA: CISA and Partners Urge Hardening Automatic Tank Gauge Systems

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency CISA, the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI, the National Security Agency NSA, the Department of Energy DOE, the Environmental Protection Agency EPA, the Transportation Security Administration TSA, the Department of Transportation DOT, and th...

AI Model Extraction Attacks: Bypassing Single-Client Assumptions in Defenses

Ensuring the protection of Artificial Intelligence AI models deployed in military Command and Control C2 systems and critical infrastructure is essential for maintaining information superiority. Model Extraction Attacks MEAs pose a significant threat, as they enable adversaries to replicate...

Learn from Your Mistakes: Tree-Like Self-Play for Secure Code LLMs

While Large Language Models LLMs excel in code generation, they remain prone to replicating subtle yet critical vulnerabilities endemic to their training data. Current alignment techniques, such as Supervised Fine-Tuning SFT and Reinforcement Learning RL, typically apply coarse-grained optimizati...

NeuroLog: Reasoning You Can Audit -- Neuro-Symbolic Vulnerability Discovery Via LLM Facts, Datalog, and SMT

Vulnerability discovery on C/C++ source asks the analyst to choose between heavyweight static analysers, which need a working build before a single query runs, and free-form LLMs, which read source readily but invent details and lose track of cross-function dataflow on real codebases. We present...

GCVE: A Decentralized Model for Vulnerability Identification, Publication, and Operational Enrichment

The Global CVE initiative GCVE proposes a decentralized, open, and extensible model for vulnerability identification, publication, and enrichment. It addresses a gap in today's vulnerability ecosystem: centralized systems provide rigorous control and widely recognized identifiers, while many...

Samba Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

The printing subsystem of Samba suffers from an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability. Samba 4.22.10, 4.23.8 and 4.24.3 have been issued as security releases to correct the defect...

AgentDoG 1.5: A Lightweight and Scalable Alignment Framework for AI Agent Safety and Security

Modern open-world agents such as OpenClaw exhibit powerful cross-environment execution capabilities yet introduce broad new safety risk sources. Meanwhile, advanced frontier AI models drastically lower attack barriers, rendering current agent alignment frameworks inadequate for real-world...

The Importance of Out-Of-Band Metadata for Safe Autonomous Agents: The Redpanda Agentic Data Plane

AI agents are increasingly expected to operate as digital employees: accessing enterprise data, making decisions, and taking actions autonomously. But agents are simultaneously less predictable than humans -- prone to hallucination, misinterpretation, and adversarial manipulation -- and more...

HammerSim: A System-Level Tool to Model RowHammer

Modern architecture research relies on simulators to evaluate system security, yet analyzing emerging hardware vulnerabilities like RowHammer requires full-system visibility. As RowHammer vulnerabilities worsen with continuous technology scaling, existing simulators lack the system-level models...

Intelligent Detection and Mitigation of Carpet-Bombing DDoS Attacks in SDN Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Models

Software-Defined Networking SDN provides flexible and programmable network management; however, its centralized control architecture remains highly vulnerable to Distributed Denial-of-Service DDoS attacks, particularly Carpet-Bombing DDoS attacks that distribute malicious traffic across multiple...

Routing Cybersecurity Awareness Training by FFM Personality Trait: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation

Cybersecurity awareness training has historically adopted a one-size-fits-all approach, despite established individual differences in how users process and retain security information. Personality has been proposed as one axis along which training content might be tailored; yet no prior study has...

CyBOKClaw: Human-In-The-Loop CyBOK Mapping for Cybersecurity Curriculum

This paper presents CyBOKClaw, an interpretable human-in-the-loop retrieval framework for mapping cybersecurity keywords or phrases KWoPs to the Cyber Security Body of Knowledge CyBOK. Rather than treating the task as strict exact classification, the framework is designed as a top-k candidate...

Modernizing User Privacy Preference Measurement through GPPI: A GDPR-Aligned Privacy Preference Item Bank

Privacy measurement instruments e.g., CFIP, IUIPC, PAQ predate GDPR by over a decade and measure privacy concerns, distinct from preferences for regulatory protections e.g., data portability, erasure, automated decision-making rights. This leaves practitioners without tools to assess whether user...

Innovations in Cardless Artificial Intelligence Banking: A Comprehensive Framework for Cyber Secure and Fraud Mitigation Using Machine Learning Algorithms

The advent of cardless artificial intelligence AI banking heralds a paradigm shift in the financial landscape, offering users unprecedented security and convenience. This paper outlines a comprehensive framework designed to enhance cybersecurity, introduce auto-generated virtual cards, and mitiga...

FreeBSD Security Advisory - FreeBSD-SA-26:20.fusefs

FreeBSD Security Advisory - When a fusefs file system implements extended attributes, the kernel may send a FUSELISTXATTR message to the userspace daemon to retrieve the list of extended attributes for a given file. The FUSE protocol requires the daemon to return a packed list of NUL-terminated...

Set Shaping Theory As a Complementary Payload-Shaping Layer for Steganography

This paper studies the use of Set Shaping Theory SST as a reversible payload-shaping layer for least significant bit LSB image steganography. The proposal is not intended to replace existing steganographic methods or to compete with them as a new embedding scheme. Instead, SST is positioned as a...

Filter-Then-Verify: A Multiphase GNN and ModernBERT Framework for Social Engineering Detection in Email Networks

Social engineering attacks exploit human trust rather than software vulnerabilities, making them difficult to detect using conventional filters. We propose a two-stage filter-then-verify framework combining inductive Graph Neural Networks GNNs for structural anomaly detection with a co-attention...

STRIKE: A Structured Taxonomy of Cybercrime for Risk, Impact, Knowledge, and Evolution

Cybercrime has grown exponentially in both scale and sophistication, posing significant threats. As attack methods evolve rapidly, traditional classification schemes often fail to capture the complexity and diversity of modern threats. To address this gap, we introduce STRIKE,a Structured Taxonom...

The End of Trust: How Agentic AI Breaks Security Assumptions

For decades, the security of digital interaction has rested on an unacknowledged economic constraint. Attackers faced a tradeoff between the fidelity of a deception and the scale at which it could be deployed. Convincing impersonation required sustained human effort and was confined to a narrow s...

Joern 4.0.538

Joern is the bug hunter's workbench. With this tool, you can uncover attack surface, sloppy coding practices, and variants of known vulnerabilities using an interactive code analysis shell. Joern supports C, C++, LLVM bitcode, x86 binaries via Ghidra, JVM bytecode via Soot, and Javascript...

Joern 4.0.537

Joern is the bug hunter's workbench. With this tool, you can uncover attack surface, sloppy coding practices, and variants of known vulnerabilities using an interactive code analysis shell. Joern supports C, C++, LLVM bitcode, x86 binaries via Ghidra, JVM bytecode via Soot, and Javascript...

TOR Virtual Network Tunneling Tool 0.4.9.8

Tor is a network of virtual tunnels that allows people and groups to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features. It provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow...

Apache mod_http2 Double-Free Detector

This is a python script that assist with detecting whether or not a server is vulnerable to the Apache modhttp2 double-free vulnerability...

SkillScope: Toward Fine-Grained Least-Privilege Enforcement for Agent Skills

Agent Skills have become a practical way to extend LLM agents by packaging metadata, natural-language instructions, and executable resources into reusable capability bundles. However, this growing Skill ecosystem introduces a new compliance risk: a Skill may perform high-impact actions that excee...

Beyond Collection: Measuring the Detection Efficacy of Modern Security Logging Standards

Effective security logging is crucial for the timely and accurate detection of cyber threats; however, the relative effectiveness of various industry-standard logging frameworks remains understudied. This paper addresses this critical gap by presenting the first systematic evaluation of modern...

ARGUS: Defending LLM Agents against Context-Aware Prompt Injection

The rise of Large Language Model LLM agents, augmented with tool use, skills, and external knowledge, has introduced new security risks. Among them, prompt injection attacks, where adversaries embed malicious instructions into the agent workflow, have emerged as the primary threat. However,...

Zero Day Attacks: Novel Behaviour or Novel Vulnerability?

Zero-day attacks pose severe cybersecurity risks due to their high success rates and stealth. Because signature-based approaches struggle to detect such attacks, building Intrusion Detection Systems IDSs for detecting zero-day attacks is essential. We contend that for an IDS to be effective it mu...

Threat-Oriented Digital Twinning for Security Evaluation of Autonomous Platforms

Open, unclassified research on secure autonomy is constrained by limited access to operational platforms, contested communications infrastructure, and representative adversarial test conditions. This paper presents a threat-oriented digital twinning methodology for cybersecurity evaluation of...

AVISE: Framework for Evaluating the Security of AI Systems

As artificial intelligence AI systems are increasingly deployed across critical domains, their security vulnerabilities pose growing risks of high-profile exploits and consequential system failures. Yet systematic approaches to evaluating AI security remain underdeveloped. In this paper, we...

angr 9.2.212

angr is an open-source binary analysis platform for Python. It combines both static and dynamic symbolic "concolic" analysis, providing tools to solve a variety of tasks...

We Are Currently Clean on OPSEC: Why JD Can't Encrypt

We analyse the 2025 Signalgate leak of sensitive US military information by the Trump administration, addressing why confidentiality was violated messages leaked to the press in spite of encryption Signal, to deepen the socio-technical considerations when designing and deploying encryption. First...

Time-Domain Voice Identity Morphing (TD-VIM): A Signal-Level Approach to Morphing Attacks on Speaker Verification Systems

In biometric systems, it is a common practice to associate each sample or template with a specific individual. Nevertheless, recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of generating "morphed" biometric samples capable of matching multiple identities. These morph attacks have been recognized...

Policy-Driven Vulnerability Risk Quantification Framework for Large-Scale Cloud Infrastructure Data Security

The exponential growth of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures CVE disclosures poses significant challenges for enterprise security management, necessitating automated and quantitative risk assessment methodologies. Existing vulnerability analysis approaches suffer from three critical limitations...

XSStrike 3.1.6

XSStrike is a cross site scripting detection suite equipped with four hand written parsers, an intelligent payload generator, a powerful fuzzing engine and an incredibly fast crawler. Instead of injecting payloads and checking it works like all the other tools do, XSStrike analyses the response...

Multi-User Multi-Key Image Steganography with Key Isolation

Steganography conceals secret information within innocuous carriers while preserving visual fidelity and enabling reliable recovery. Recent unified networks operate normally under untriggered conditions but switch to hidden steganographic tasks when triggered. PUSNet follows this paradigm by...

Hardening Confidential Federated Compute against Side-Channel Attacks

In this work, we identify a set of side-channels in our Confidential Federated Compute platform that a hypothetical insider could exploit to circumvent differential privacy DP guarantees. We show how DP can mitigate two of the side-channels, one of which has been implemented in our open-source...

Memory Poisoning and Secure Multi-Agent Systems

Memory poisoning attacks for Agentic AI and multi-agent systems MAS have recently caught attention. It is partially due to the fact that Large Language Models LLMs facilitate the construction and deployment of agents. Different memory systems are being used nowadays in this context, including...

Agent Privilege Separation in OpenClaw: A Structural Defense against Prompt Injection

Prompt injection remains one of the most practical attack vectors against LLM-integrated applications. We replicate the Microsoft LLMail-Inject benchmark Greshake et al., 2024 against current generation models running inside OpenClaw, an open source multitool agent platform. Our proposed defense...

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) Detector

This Metasploit auxiliary module implements a scientific approach to detecting and validating ReDoS vulnerabilities in HTTP-based applications. It leverages context-aware payload generation, length progression testing, and statistical analysis to identify inefficient regular expressions that may...

From SFT to RL: Demystifying the Post-Training Pipeline for LLM-Based Vulnerability Detection

The integration of LLMs into vulnerability detection VD has shifted the field toward interpretable and context-aware analysis. While post-training methods have shown promise in general coding tasks, their systematic application to VD remains underexplored. In this paper, we present the first...

Assessing Spear-Phishing Website Generation in Large Language Model Coding Agents

Large Language Models are expanding beyond being a tool humans use and into independent agents that can observe an environment, reason about solutions to problems, make changes that impact those environments, and understand how their actions impacted their environment. One of the most common...

Concrete5 5.7.3.1 Cross Site Scripting

Multiple cross site scripting vulnerabilities exist in Concrete5 CMS version 5.7.3.1. These vulnerabilities allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML. This issue is older research added to the archive...