Pinpointing Targets: Exploiting Web Analytics to Ensnare Victims

Over the past year, FireEye Threat Intelligence has identified suspected nation-state sponsored cyber-actors engaged in a large-scale reconnaissance effort. This effort makes use of web analytics—the technologies to collect, analyze, and report data The individuals behind this activity have amass...

Obscured by Clouds: Insights into Office 365 Attacks and How Mandiant Managed Defense Investigates

With Business Email Compromises BECs showing no signs of slowing down, it is becoming increasingly important for security analysts to understand Office 365 O365 breaches and how to properly investigate them. This blog post is for those who have yet to dip their toes into the waters of an O365 BEC...

Metamorfo Campaigns Targeting Brazilian Users

FireEye Labs recently identified several widespread malspam malware spam campaigns targeting Brazilian companies with the goal of delivering banking Trojans. We are referring to these campaigns as Metamorfo. Across the stages of these campaigns, we have observed the use of several tactics and...

Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor

In this blog, we will take a closer look at the powerful, versatile backdoor known as CARBANAK aka Anunak. Specifically, we will focus on the operational details of its use over the past few years, including its configuration, the minor variations observed from sample to sample, and its evolution...

SMB Exploited: WannaCry Use of EternalBlue

Server Message Block SMB is the transport protocol used by Windows machines for a wide variety of purposes such as file sharing, printer sharing, and access to remote Windows services. SMB operates over TCP ports 139 and 445. In April 2017, Shadow Brokers released an SMB vulnerability named...

WannaCry Malware Profile

WannaCry also known as WCry or WanaCryptor malware is a self-propagating worm-like ransomware that spreads through internal networks and over the public internet by exploiting a vulnerability in Microsoft’s Server Message Block SMB protocol, MS17-010. The WannaCry malware consists of two distinct...

APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat

APT10 Background APT10 MenuPass Group is a Chinese cyber espionage group that FireEye has tracked since 2009. They have historically targeted construction and engineering, aerospace, and telecom firms, and governments in the United States, Europe, and Japan. We believe that the targeting of these...

RIPPER ATM Malware and the 12 Million Baht Jackpot

On Aug. 23, 2016, FireEye detected a potentially new ATM malware sample that used some interesting techniques not seen before. To add more fuel to an existing fire, the sample was uploaded to VirusTotal from an IP address in Thailand a couple of minutes before the Bangkok Post newspaper reported...

Analyzing the Malware Analysts – Inside FireEye’s FLARE Team

At the Black Hat USA 2016 conference in Las Vegas last week, I was fortunate to sit down with Michael Sikorski, Director, FireEye Labs Advanced Reverse Engineering FLARE Team. During our conversation we discussed the origin of the FLARE team, what it takes to analyze malware, Michael’s book...

MULTIGRAIN – Point of Sale Attackers Make an Unhealthy Addition to the Pantry

FireEye recently discovered a new variant of a point of sale POS malware family known as NewPosThings. This variant, which we call “MULTIGRAIN”, consists largely of a subset of slightly modified code from NewPosThings. The variant is highly targeted, digitally signed, and exfiltrates stolen payme...

Hot or Not? The Benefits and Risks of iOS Remote Hot Patching

Introduction Apple has made a significant effort to build and maintain a healthy and clean app ecosystem. The essential contributing component to this status quo is the App Store, which is protected by a thorough vetting process that scrutinizes all submitted applications. While the process is...

Uncovering Active PowerShell Data Stealing Campaigns

Loved by administrators, Windows PowerShell enables users to effectively perform automation and administrative tasks on local and remote systems. However, its power, ease of use, and widespread use has also made it attractive to attackers. Researchers first began demonstrating attacks involving...

An In-Depth Look Into Data Stacking

Mandiant's Nick Bennett and Jake Valletta discussed data stacking at MIRcon™ last month. If you were unable to attend the talk, we will discuss this data analysis technique here on the M-Unition blog. What is Data Stacking? Data stacking is the application of frequency analysis to large volumes o...

The FireEye Approach to Operational Technology Security

Today FireEye launches the Cyber Physical Threat Intelligence subscription, which provides cyber security professionals with unmatched context, data and actionable analysis on threats and risk to cyber physical systems. In light of this release, we thought it would be helpful to explain FireEye’s...

Showing Vulnerability to a Machine: Automated Prioritization of Software Vulnerabilities

Introduction If a software vulnerability can be detected and remedied, then a potential intrusion is prevented. While not all software vulnerabilities are known, 86 percent of vulnerabilities leading to a data breach were patchable, though there is some risk of inadvertent damage when applying...

SilkETW: Because Free Telemetry is … Free!

Over time people have had an on-again, off-again interest in Event Tracing for Windows ETW. ETW, first introduced in Windows 2000, is a lightweight Kernel level tracing facility that was originally intended for debugging, diagnostics and performance. Gradually, however, defenders realized that ET...

BIOS Boots What? Finding Evil in Boot Code at Scale!

Malware continues to take advantage of a legacy component of modern systems designed in the 1980s. Despite the cyber threat landscape continuing to evolve at an ever-increasing pace, the exploitation of the classic BIOS boot process is still very much a threat to enterprises around the world...

Revoke-Obfuscation: PowerShell Obfuscation Detection Using Science

Many attackers continue to leverage PowerShell as a part of their malware ecosystem, mostly delivered and executed by malicious binaries and documents. Of malware that uses PowerShell, the most prevalent use is the garden-variety stager: an executable or document macro that launches PowerShell to...

HawkEye Credential Theft Malware Distributed in Recent Phishing Campaign

A wide variety of threat actors began distributing HawkEye malware through high-volume email campaigns after it became available for purchase via a public-facing website. The actors behind the phishing campaigns typically used email themes based on current events and media reports that would piqu...

The Latest Android Overlay Malware Spreading via SMS Phishing in Europe

Introduction In April 2016, while investigating a Smishing campaign dubbed RuMMS that involved the targeting of Android users in Russia, we also noticed three similar Smishing campaigns reportedly spreading in Denmark February 2016, in Italy February 2016, and in both Denmark and Italy April 2016...

Rotten Apples: Apple-like Malicious Phishing Domains

At FireEye Labs we have an automated system designed to proactively detect newly registered malicious domains. This system observed some phishing domains registered in the first quarter of 2016 that were designed to appear as legitimate Apple domains. These phony Apple domains were involved in...

URLZone Zones in on Japan

Recently we’ve seen an interesting trend from several crimeware families that were mainly active in the European region, and have now expanded their activity to Japan. Rovnix is one such family, as recently reported by IBM X-Force. At the same time, we’ve seen another spam campaign break out in...

LOWKEY: Hunting for the Missing Volume Serial ID

In August 2019, FireEye released the “Double Dragon” report on our newest graduated threat group: APT41. A China-nexus dual espionage and financially-focused group, APT41 targets industries such as gaming, healthcare, high-tech, higher education, telecommunications, and travel services. This blog...

CARBANAK Week Part One: A Rare Occurrence

It is very unusual for FLARE to analyze a prolifically-used, privately-developed backdoor only to later have the source code and operator tools fall into our laps. Yet this is the extraordinary circumstance that sets the stage for CARBANAK Week, a four-part blog series that commences with this...

FLARE Script Series: Recovering Stackstrings Using Emulation with ironstrings

This blog post continues our Script Series where the FireEye Labs Advanced Reverse Engineering FLARE team shares tools to aid the malware analysis community. Today, we release ironstrings: a new IDAPython script to recover stackstrings from malware. The script leverages code emulation to overcome...

TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers

Overview In a previous blog post we detailed the TRITON intrusion that impacted industrial control systems ICS at a critical infrastructure facility. We now track this activity set as TEMP.Veles. In this blog post we provide additional information linking TEMP.Veles and their activity surrounding...

Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques

Throughout 2017 we have observed a marked increase in the use of command line evasion and obfuscation by a range of targeted attackers. Cyber espionage groups and financial threat actors continue to adopt the latest cutting-edge application whitelisting bypass techniques and introduce innovative...

Introduction to Reverse Engineering Cocoa Applications

While not as common as Windows malware, there has been a steady stream of malware discovered over the years that runs on the OS X operating system, now rebranded as macOS. February saw three particularly interesting publications on the topic of macOS malware: a Trojan Cocoa application that sends...

FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings

In late February 2017, FireEye as a Service FaaS identified a spear phishing campaign that appeared to be targeting personnel involved with United States Securities and Exchange Commission SEC filings at various organizations. Based on multiple identified overlaps in infrastructure and the use of...

Rotten Apples: Resurgence

In June 2016, we published a blog about a phishing campaign targeting the Apple IDs and passwords of Chinese Apple users that emerged in the first quarter of 2016 referred to as the “Zycode” phishing campaign. At FireEye Labs we have an automated system designed to proactively detect newly...

Hancitor (AKA Chanitor) observed using multiple attack approaches

Many threat actors use multiple attack vectors to ensure success. The individuals using Hancitor malware also known by the name Chanitor are no exception and have taken three approaches to deliver the malware in order to ultimately steal data from their victims. These techniques include uncommon...

New Mandiant Offering: Response Readiness Assessment

Today, I am pleased to announce the release of Mandiant's newest Strategic Solutions offering: Response Readiness Assessment. In this post, I'll explain what the service provides, why our customer's requested such a service, and who can benefit from the Response Readiness Assessment offering...

Thinking Outside the Bochs: Code Grafting to Unpack Malware in Emulation

This blog post continues the FLARE script series with a discussion of patching IDA Pro database files IDBs to interactively emulate code. While the fastest way to analyze or unpack malware is often to run it, malware won’t always successfully execute in a VM. I use IDA Pro’s Bochs integration in...

Evolving Analytics for Execution Trace Data

Five years ago, Mandiant released a proof of concept tool named ShimCacheParser, along with a blog post titled “Leveraging the Application Compatibility Cache in Forensic Investigations”. Since then, ShimCache metadata has become increasingly popular as a source of forensic evidence, both for...

Introducing Monitor.app for macOS

As a malware analyst or systems programmer, having a suite of solid dynamic analysis tools is vital to being quick and effective. These tools enable us to understand malware capabilities and undocumented components of the operating system. One obvious tool that comes to mind is Procmon from the...

M-Trends Asia Pacific: Organizations Must Improve at Detecting and Responding to Breaches

Since 2010, Mandiant, a FireEye company, has presented trends, statistics and case studies of some of the largest and most sophisticated cyber attacks. In February 2016, we released our annual global M-Trends® report based on data from the breaches we responded to in 2015. Now, we are releasing...

Stop Scanning My Macro

FireEye Labs detected an interesting evasion strategy in two recent, large Dridex campaigns. These campaigns changed the attachment file-type and location of malicious logic in an attempt to avoid scanners. Overview Both campaigns used an invoice theme and came from a wide variety of sending...

Citrix XenApp and XenDesktop Hardening Guidance

A Joint Whitepaper from Mandiant and Citrix Throughout the course of Mandiant’s Red Team and Incident Response engagements, we frequently identify a wide array of misconfigured technology solutions, including Citrix XenApp and XenDesktop. We often see attackers leveraging stolen credentials from...

CenterPOS: An Evolving POS Threat

Introduction There has been no shortage of point-of-sale POS threats in the past couple of years. This type of malicious software has gained widespread notoriety in recent time due to its use in high-profile breaches, some of which involved well-known brick and mortar retailers and led to the...

Configuring a Windows Domain to Dynamically Analyze an Obfuscated Lateral Movement Tool

We recently encountered a large obfuscated malware sample that offered several interesting analysis challenges. It used virtualization that prevented us from producing a fully-deobfuscated memory dump for static analysis. Statically analyzing a large virtualized sample can take anywhere from...

Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware

When discussing suspected Middle Eastern hacker groups with destructive capabilities, many automatically think of the suspected Iranian group that previously used SHAMOON – aka Disttrack – to target organizations in the Persian Gulf. However, over the past few years, we have been tracking a...

Revoke-Obfuscation: PowerShell Obfuscation Detection Using Science

Many attackers continue to leverage PowerShell as a part of their malware ecosystem, mostly delivered and executed by malicious binaries and documents. Of malware that uses PowerShell, the most prevalent use is the garden-variety stager: an executable or document macro that launches PowerShell to...

Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor

In this blog, we will take a closer look at the powerful, versatile backdoor known as CARBANAK aka Anunak. Specifically, we will focus on the operational details of its use over the past few years, including its configuration, the minor variations observed from sample to sample, and its evolution...

Automatically Extracting Obfuscated Strings from Malware using the FireEye Labs Obfuscated String Solver (FLOSS)

Introduction and Motivation Have you ever run strings.exe on a malware executable and its output provided you with IP addresses, file names, registry keys, and other indicators of compromise IOCs? Great! No need to run further analysis or hire expensive experts to determine if a file is malicious...

Follow The Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6

Cybercrime operations can be intricate and elaborate, with careful planning needed to navigate the various obstacles separating an attacker from a payout. Yet reports on these operations are often fragmentary, as the full scope of attacker activity typically occurs beyond the view of any one grou...

Greater Visibility Through PowerShell Logging

UPDATE Feb. 29: This post has been updated with new configuration recommendations due to the Feb. 24 rerelease of PowerShell 5, and now includes a link to a parsing script that users may find valuable. Introduction Mandiant is continuously investigating attacks that leverage PowerShell throughout...

Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record

In September, Mandiant Consulting identified a financially motivated threat group targeting payment card data using sophisticated malware that executes before the operating system boots. This rarely seen technique, referred to as a ‘bootkit’, infects lower-level system components making it very...

Living off the Orchard: Leveraging Apple Remote Desktop for Good and Evil

Attackers often make their lives easier by relying on pre-existing operating system and third party applications in an enterprise environment. Leveraging these applications assists them with blending in with normal network activity and removes the need to develop or bring their own malware. This...

Finding Evil in Windows 10 Compressed Memory, Part Three: Automating Undocumented Structure Extraction

This is the final post in the three-part series: Finding Evil in Windows 10 Compressed Memory. In the first post Volatility and Rekall Tools, the FLARE team introduced updates to both memory forensic toolkits. These updates enabled these open source tools to analyze previously inaccessible...

CARBANAK Week Part Three: Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor

We covered a lot of ground in Part One and Part Two of our CARBANAK Week blog series. Now let's take a look back at some of our previous analysis and see how it holds up. In June 2017, we published a blog post sharing novel information about the CARBANAK backdoor, including technical details, int...