No check for set with address(0)

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact can mint and get approve from address 0. Proof of Concept function setMarketPlaceaddress m external authorizedadmin returns bool if marketPlace != address0 revert ExistsmarketPlace; marketPlace = m; return true; Tools Used None Recommended Mitigation Ste...

Transfer the principal token from the lender contract to here but actually transfer underlying token

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Transfer the principal token from the lender contract to here but actually transfer underlying token from lender to redeemer. Proof of Concept // Transfer the principal token from the lender contract to here Safe.transferFromIERC20u, lender, addressthis,...

ERC5095 redeem must check allowance with principalAmount instead of underlyingAmount

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact ERC5095 redeem must check allowance with principalAmount instead of underlyingAmount. Allowing any user to redeem token of anybody freely. This is very critical, anyone can lost their money everytime without their acknowledgement. Proof of Concept functi...

Fees should be paid by the user when lend() to Swivel

Lines of code Vulnerability details function lend uint8 p, address u, uint256 m, uint256 memory a, address y, Swivel.Order calldata o, Swivel.Components calldata s public unpausedp returns uint256 // lent represents the number of underlying tokens lent uint256 lent; // returned represents the...

Illuminate PT redeeming do not return underlying to a user

Lines of code Vulnerability details In the second step of two step redeeming process, the underlying funds should be located in the Redeemer contract as external system burned the shares the Redeemer obtained from the Lender contract and returned underlying to Redeemer. Then Redeemer's Illuminate...

token transfers in LiquidityReserve and Staking contract don't support deflationary ERC20 tokens, and user funds can be lost if stacking token was deflationary

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact if the token is deflationary then contract will receive less token that requested amount but contract don't check for the real transferred amount. because this is happening in receiving stackingtoken in addLiquidity of LiquidityReserve and stake of Staki...

instantUnstake function can be frontrunned with fee increase

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact instantUnstake allows user to unstake their stakingToken for a fee paid to the liquidity providers. This fee could be changed up to 100% any moment by admin. Malicious admin could frontrun users instantUnstake transaction and set fee to any value using...

[H-03] Attacker can mint unbound amount of iPTs (on APWine)

Lines of code Vulnerability details Note that I've reported a similar vulnerability, on a different 'Principals' and POC\attack vector is a bit different. I will leave it to the judge to decide if these should be grouped as 1 report or not - but I wanted to be specific at the POC instead of...

Forgot to mint Illuminate zcTokens for Element

Lines of code Vulnerability details function lend uint8 p, address u, uint256 m, uint256 a, uint256 r, uint256 d, address e, bytes32 i public unpausedp returns uint256 // Get the principal token for this market for element address principal = IMarketPlacemarketPlace.marketsu, m, p; // the element...

Reentrancy vulnerabilities

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Reentrancy attacks can allow malicious actors to take over the control flow, and make...

Uninitialized local variables

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Configuration -Check: uninitialized-local -Severity: Medium -Confidence: Medium -Description:.Lender.approveaddress,uint256,address.i Lender.sol87 is a local variable never initialized.A smart contract with uninitialized local variables may lead to...

Redeemer.sol#redeem() the principal token from Notional can not be redeemed

Lines of code Vulnerability details int256 amount = IERC20principal.balanceOflender; // Transfer the principal token from the lender contract to here Safe.transferFromIERC20principal, lender, addressthis, amount; if p == uint8MarketPlace.Principals.Swivel // Redeems zc tokens to the sender's...

Call to lend() function can be frontrunned with fee increase

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Malicious admin could frontrun users lend transaction anytime and set feenominator to any value using setFee and bigger fee than user expected. /// @notice sets the admin address /// @param a address of a new admin /// @return bool true if successful...

[M-03] Wrong minting on lend for Tempus

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Will result in either failure to lend or loss of funds for the lender Proof of Concept Not very clear what was the original intention, but I find it hard to believe that subtracting the whole balanceOf iPTs from the return result from Tempus, is what was...

IStaking(contracts[i]).canBatchContracts() will revert due to the fact that contracts[i] can contain address(0)

Lines of code Vulnerability details Issue: canBatchContracts will revert due to the fact that contractsi can contain address0 as an address which will revert the whole call. Affected Code File: BatchRequests.sol 33: function canBatchContracts external view returns Batch memory 34: uint256...

Yieldy._storeRebase() saves and emits wrong values.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Yieldy.storeRebase saves and emits wrong values. I don't think the asset will be lost directly because of this but the rebase storage will have wrong values and it might affect the system later. Proof of Concept The previousCirculating must be a previous...

Removal of liquidity from the reserve can be griefed

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Users may be unable to withdraw/remove their liquidity from the LiquidityReserve if a user decides to grief the contract. Proof of Concept This is the only function in this contract that is able to unstake funds, so that they can be withdrawn/removed:...

lender variable in is not the same as constructory and method in the construcotr ther is no check for address zero

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact lender variable not the same as constructory and method its no check for address zero Recommended Mitigation Steps check for address zero in the constructor --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: 😕 1 KenzoAgada reacted...

DoS attack on claiming rewards can lead to user never being able to claim

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof of Concept: the stake function can be called for a different recipient than msg.sender. Each time you stake tokens your warmUpInfo.expiry or the time when you are able to claim rewards grows by warmUpPeriod as is visible the last line here not the line wi...

Upgraded Q -> H from 158 [1656140803140]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 158 as High risk. The relevant finding follows: --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Griefing Attack by staking for any receipent

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Any user can grief attack and lock funds of victim by staking with victim address as recipient. Proof of Concept If warmup period is more than 1, it is possible to do this by staking with victim address as recipient with 1 wei amount, and increasing the...

Griefers can prevent users from claiming YIELDY_TOKENs from the warm up

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact When warmUpPeriod is greater than 0, anyone can deny i.e.: grief any user from claiming their YIELDYTOKENs from Staking.sol. Proof of Concept 1. Admin sets the warmUpPeriod to 2. 2. A user deposits a decent amount STAKINGTOKENs, with the expectation that...

No withdrawal possible for ETH TOKE pool

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The withdraw function of the ETH Tokemak pool has an additional parameter asEth. This can be seen in the Tokemak Github repository or also when looking at the deployed code of the ETH pool. Compare that to e.g. the USDC pool, which does not have this...

Denial of Service by wrong BatchRequests.removeAddress logic

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The BatchRequests.removeAddress logic is wrong and it will produce a denial of service. Proof of Concept Removing the element from the array is done using the delete statement, but this is not the proper way to remove an entry from an array, it will just...

Staking: Attacker can stake very few tokens for others to increase the lock time of others' tokens.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In the stake function of the Staking contract, anyone can stake tokens for others. And each time a token is staked, the lock time of all tokens is increased. This allows an attacker to stake few tokens for others to increase the lock time of others'...

Upgraded Q -> H from 158 [1656140317935]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 158 as High risk. The relevant finding follows: --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Potential denial of service issues

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Detailed description of the impact of this finding. I noticed that the withdrawUnsettledBids and redeem functions return the Ether amount by calling safeTransferETH, but if the to address passed in is a malicious contract address and the receive function...

TWAP array can be artificially filled up with the most recent quote

Lines of code Vulnerability details A malicious user can run updateTWAV on each block, quickly replacing all four values of the twavObservations array with the most recent valuation. I.e. the time weighted averaging essence of the recorded price can be directly reduced to always be just most rece...

Reentrancy bug in Basket's withdraw multiple tokens function which gives attacker ability to transfer basket ownership and spend it but withdraw all the tokens out of basket

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Basket is used for keep multiple tokens in contract and mint one NFT token to represent their ownership. Basket only allows for owner of NFTid=0 to withdraw tokens from Basket address. users can deposit multiple tokens in one Basket and then create a...

Missing notBoughtOut modifier

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact On the withdrawUnsettledBids function, unsettledBid can be withdraw when buyout is rejected. However, the contract is missing notBoughtOut modifier in the function. From that reason, during buyout period the function can be called. On the redeem function...

Twav.sol#_getTwav() will revert when timestamp > 4294967296

Lines of code Vulnerability details function getTwav internal view returnsuint256 twav if twavObservationsTWAVBLOCKNUMBERS - 1.timestamp != 0 uint8 index = twavObservationsIndex + TWAVBLOCKNUMBERS - 1 % TWAVBLOCKNUMBERS; TwavObservation memory twavObservationCurrent = twavObservationsindex;...

Lack of lock modifier on sell() can lead to reentrancy

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact NibblVault.sell does not possess the lock modifier that protects against reentrancy. The only attack vector due to reentrancy in this function was found to be executable by the factory that receives the admin fees which is not plausible due to the curren...

_getTwav is not correct. It is not considering all last 4 blocks.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact This will result in invalid deadline to decide the buyout end. Proof of Concept /// @notice returns the TWAV of the last 4 blocks /// @return twav TWAV of the last 4 blocks function getTwav internal view returnsuint256 twav if...

_rejectBuyout() does not take buys and sells into account until next block, can lead to false effects due to timing

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Buyout that should be rejected will be allowed to happen. Proof of Concept Last user to call buy that could have pushed rejectBuyout to reject the buyout wont be accounted for because rejecBuyout is place before the minting of new tokens. Therefore even ...

ProxyVault implementation can be changed retroactively bricking old NibblVaults

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The ProxyVault.sol contract refers back to the NibbleVaultFactory.vaultImplementation This value can change over time, potentially breaking storage of the old implementations. Notice that querying the implementation from NibbleVaultFactory also incurs a...

NibblVault buyout duration longer than update timelock

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact User can buy out NFT by initiating the process through initiateBuyout, then he has to wait BUYOUTDURATION which is 5 days and if the buyout will not get rejected he can claim the NFT. During that period bidder cannot cancel the process. The issue is that...

[PNM-004] Calculation of _secondaryReserveRatio can be overflowed

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description uint32 secondaryReserveRatio = uint32msg.value SCALE 1e18 / initialTokenSupply initialTokenPrice; secondaryReserveRatio can be overflowed by setting a relatively small initialTokenSupply and initialTokenPrice. The result will be truncated by uint32,...

Issue with TWAV calculation.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact To calculate time weighted average value, current valuation is used. This is not appropriate way to decide the TWAV while other locations considers only time. This might not be the stable one. Proof of Concept uint256 currentValuation =...

Avoid using address(this).balance for internal accounting

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact This could reduce or increase the amount of ETH that token-holders are able to redeem for a reserve token in the case of a buyout success. Proof of Concept Using addressthis.balance for any internal accounting for smart contract poses risks. Using...

sell function does not have minimum threshold on the _minAmtOut

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact During the code review, It has been observed saleReturn value is not resistant to slippage on the minAmtOut. For the protecting value from slippage, the protocol should ensure that minAmtOut is different than zero. Proof of Concept Tools Used Recommended...

Buyer can initiateBuyout by sending less value than current valuation

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Intuitively, a buyer calling initiateBuyout should be sending a msg.value greater than or equal to current valuation. However, they can actually send less than this amount and still initiate the buyout. On line 404 we have requirebuyoutBid =...

Fee Was Not Charged When Buying On Secondary Curve

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof-of-Concept Per the documentation, the admin and curator fees are charged when buying on the secondary curve. Whenever someone mints and burns tokens on the bonding curve, they need to pay some trading fees which is accrued in ETH Within the NibblVault.buy...

[PNM-005] Reentrancy of function sell

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description In function chargeFee, a potential reetrancy can be triggered by the factory. Since function sell invokes chargeFee in the middle of its function body, it potentially impacts the calculation, e.g., the totalSupply would be incorrect since the tokens...

User Could Change The State Of The System While In Pause Mode

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof-of-Concept Calling NibblVault.updateTWAP function will change the state of the system. It will cause the TWAP to be updated and buyout to be rejected in certain condition. When the system is in Pause mode, the system state should be frozen. However, it wa...

TWAV can be attacked by flash loan

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact updateTWAV can be flash loaned. Hacker may pay the flash loan fee for 4 blocks then execute the attack after that. Proof of Concept function updateTWAVuint256 valuation, uint32 blockTimestamp internal uint32 timeElapsed; unchecked timeElapsed =...

[PNM-002] Unfairness: the curator (or users with large shares) can always reject payout by sandwich attacks

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact 15% Attack Description The initiateBuyout function uses the current valuation instead of the time-weighted average one to determine buyoutRejectionValuation, making the curator or any other early buyers with a relatively large sharing able to reject...

_secondaryReserveRatio is likely to be overflowed due to an unsafe downcast

Lines of code Vulnerability details msg.value SCALE 1e18 / initialTokenSupply initialTokenPrice is likely to be more than maxuint32, and therefore secondaryReserveRatio can be overflowed due to the unsafe downcast to uint32. For example, for: initialTokenSupply = 1e20. initialTokenPrice = 1e14. T...

NibblVault permit functionality allows redeeming only one "active" signature

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Contract NibblVault implements function permit that allows approving spender to spend value of tokens that belongs to owner. The issue is that structHash keeps incrementing noncesowner++ which in case of multiple "active" permits signatures of the same...

Proxy storage collision - contracts might be bricked

Lines of code Vulnerability details The proxy contracts save the implementation variables in the first storage slot see links above. This will lead to storage collusions when the implementation contract tries to read/update the first storage slot. For the implementation contract, the first storag...

Basket NFT have no name and symbol

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The Basket contract is intended to be used behind a proxy. But the ERC721 implementation used is not upgradeable, and its constructor is called at deployment time on the implementation. So all proxies will have a void name and symbol, breaking all...