Manager can delete any users voting power

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact A manager can maliciously/accidentally remove all voting power for all users due to missing input validation when setting the multiplier value. By setting a value smaller than 1e3 it will result in all multiplier calculations rounding to 0, causing loss ...

InterchainProposalExecutor doesn't support actions with value

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact An interchain call consists of the target address, calldata, and value. When InterchainProposalExecutor performs the call, it passes the value along function executeProposalInterchainCalls.Call memory calls internal for uint256 i = 0; i calls.length; i++...

MID-Risk Vulnerabilities in the Axelar Smart Contracts

Lines of code s://github.com/code-423n4/2023-07-axelar/tree/main/contracts/cgp/governance/AxelarServiceGovernance.solL73 Vulnerability details Impact The vulnerabilities that I have identified could have a significant impact on the Axelar network. These vulnerabilities could be exploited by an...

Avoid using the same ERC-165 interface ID for URDs and their callers

Lines of code Vulnerability details Bug Description Contracts that implement the LSP-1 standard include INTERFACEIDLSP1 in their supportsInterface function. This means that they have a universalReceiver function that calls a Universal Receiver Delegate URD, such as LSP1UniversalReceiverDelegateUP...

TwabLib::getTwabBetween can return innacurate balances if _startTime and _endTime aren't safely bounded

Lines of code Vulnerability details M-01 TwabLib::getTwabBetween can return innacurate balances if startTime and endTime aren't safely bounded Vulnerability details Here's the documentation of the get TwabLib::getTwabBetween function : File: twab-controller\src\libraries\TwabLib.sol 278: / 279:...

Claim failure can result to loss of funds

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Caller will lose funds through gas fees when claim fails Proof of Concept The claimPrize function allows any caller to claim a prize by providing the necessary parameters: winner address of the winner, tier prize tier, prizeIndex prize index,...

No access control on mintYieldFee

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Lack of access-control allows anyone to mint the yield fee to himself. Proof of Concept Vault.mintYieldFee does not restrict the recipient yield fees: function mintYieldFeeuint256 shares, address recipient external requireVaultCollateralized; if shares...

_getNextObservationIndex() Random use of timestamp to determine the currentTime can be manipulated bacause of dangerous strict equalities

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The use of strict equalities can be easily manipulated by an attacker. Miners may attempt to manipulate the timestamp. Proof of Concept File: TwabLib.sol Code Link: Code: if newestObservation.timestamp == currentTime File: TwabLib.sol Code Link: Code: if...

Arbitrary Pending _setPendingVetoer Address Assignment.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact If an attacker successfully impersonates the vetoer, they can set any address as the pending vetoer. This can compromise the integrity of the vetoer role and enable unauthorized access or control over certain functions or actions within the contract. Pro...

All transactions with Ether to NounsDAOExecutor::executeTransaction() function will fail.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact All transactions with Ether to the NounsDAOExecutor::executeTransaction function will fail because it does not have the payable keyword. Proof of Concept The executeTransaction function of the NounsDAOExecutor contract does not have the payable keyword s...

dynamicQuorumVotes calculation has accuracy error resulting in the less required quorum

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact dynamicQuorumVotes is divided by totalSupply, multiplied by quorumCoefficient, divided by 1e6 and then multiplied by totalSupply. There are precision errors in division before multiply. For quorumAdjustmentBPS, the division precision error is 1 and...

NO ACCESS CONTROL IN THE Well.skim() EXTERNAL FUNCTION

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The Well.skim external function is used to transfer the excess tokens held by the Well to recipient. But there is no access control in this function and hence anyone can call this function. Therefore this function allows any arbitory user recieve the...

The MultiFlowPump.sol/update() function will neither update nor revert any call made to it by any Well Implementation, hence will fail in storing the correct reserve values.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The MultiFlowPump will not be able to update the lastReserves, emaReserves, cumulativeReserves. This will let any attacker to manipulate the value of reserves to any number. Proof of Concept As provided the code of update function, the getDeltaTimestamp...

Predictability of cloned address may be susceptible to frontrunning

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact DoS for the Aquifer.boreWell function due to frontrunning. Proof of Concept From the video documentation, Anyone can call boreWell in Aquifer.sol after confirming an implementation contract. The address of the new Well depends solely upon the salt...

Well.sol::skim() anyone can transfer excess funds to their account.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Description The skim is designed to transfer excess tokens held by the contract to a specified recipient. However, it lacks proper access control checks, allowing any user to initiate the transfer of excess tokens, regardless of ownership. This presents a...

LibHelpers.piecewiseLinear will revert when the value is less than the first element of the array

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact LibHelpers.piecewiseLinear reverts when the value is less than the first element of the array. This method is used in Redeemer contract and if the collateral ratio is below the first element of xRedemptionCurve, the redepmtion will revert. Proof of Conce...

No check for active Arbitrum Sequencer

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact If the Arbitrum sequencer goes down, the stale ratio will be used during the swap. Proof of Concept readChainlinkFeed gets the price from chainlink oracle and the ratio is used during the swap. function readChainlinkFeed uint256 quoteAmount,...

Not using slippage parameter when interacting with AMMs

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The slippage parameters are hardcoded to 0, meaning the minimum amount can be 0. The absence of slippage protection causes transactions to be vulnerable to front running. This can result in users potentially losing their funds. Proof of Concept...

RootBridgeAgent.redeemSettlement can be front-run using RootBridgeAgent.retrySettlement causing redeem DoS

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Since RootBridgeAgent.retrySettlement... can be called by anyone for any settlement, a malicious actor can front-run an user trying to redeem his failed settlement via RootBridgeAgent.redeemSettlement... by calling RootBridgeAgent.retrySettlement... with...

DENIAL OF SERVICE (DoS) WHEN DECREASING THE weight DUE TO UNDERFLOW IN THE UlyssesPool.setWeight FUNCTION

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The UlyssesPool.setWeight function is used to update the weight of a particular poolId in the current UlyssesPool. But when the weight of the respective poolId is decreased from the current value, the calculation underflows and thus DoS the reducing of...

Reward clarinets can claim rewards multiple times

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Reward claimers can call the get accrued reward function multiple times and maybe even drain the contract Proof of Concept As we can see there’s no check setting the accrued reward to zero after the rewards have been transferred Tools Used Manual review...

## Significant roundoff error in depositToPort function (ArbitrumBranchBridgeAgent.sol )

Lines of code Vulnerability details Significant roundoff error in depositToPort function ArbitrumBranchBridgeAgent.sol This issue is caused with different decimals than 18. As an Eg USDC, WBTC. Let's consider the USDC as the case scenario. If User deposit USDC into the depositToPort function, He...

distributeRewards can revert because of the too strict slippage check

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The report highlights that the distributeRewards function can revert due to a strict slippage check. The provided proof of concept demonstrates the issue, where the slippage is set to 98%, leading to potential transaction failures. Proof of Concept...

executeFlashloan() doesn't pass/authenticate the initiator address

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In PeUSDMainnetStableVision.sol executeFlashloan. File: contracts/lybra/token/PeUSDMainnetStableVision.sol 129 function executeFlashloanFlashBorrower receiver, uint256 eusdAmount, bytes calldata data public payable 130 uint256 shareAmount =...

flashloan stealing staking reward

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The report reveals a vulnerability where a flashloan can be used to steal staking rewards. The provided proof of concept demonstrates the issue, where a user can take advantage of the earned rewards calculation using the spot balance. By flashloaning a...

[H] Users can withdraw more tokens than they have staked

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Users can withdraw more tokens than they have staked from the contract. In stakerewardV2pool, there is no check to stop a user from withdrawing more tokens than they have staked. The tokens are simply subtracted from the user's balance and from the total...

Proposal remains open to votes for only 3 blocks instead of 7 days

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact LybraGovernance contract only allows to vote during the first 3 blocks after the snapshot is taken. Assuming it takes roughly 12 seconds per 1 block on Ethereum, it is only 36 seconds to decide and vote for a proposal. This would be too fast for a regula...

A Dutch trade could end up with an unintended lower closing price

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact notTradingPausedOrFrozen that is turned on and off during an open Dutch trade could have the auction closed with a lower price depending on the timimg, leading to lesser capability to boost the Rtoken and/or stRSR exchange rates as well as a weakened...

Incorrect setting of EthIBCDenom invalidates risk management limits

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In the documentation, it is stated that: For risk management purposes, a swap will fail if the input coin amount exceeds a pre-defined limit 10 USDC, 10 USDT, 0.01 ETH or if the swap amount limit is not defined. However, in the code it defined as:...

M-07 Unmitigated

Lines of code Vulnerability details Mitigation of M-07: Issue NOT mitigated Mitigated issue M-07: Incorrect slippage check in the AMO2.rebalanceUp can be attacked by MEV Fix: code-423n4/2023-05-xeth@630114e The issue is that since the pool is rebalanced around an imbalanced ratio with 68%-75% xET...

M-07 Unmitigated

Lines of code Vulnerability details Comments The very first point that needs to be made, is that, according to the Mitigation Review details: In production we have planned to use MEV Protection services such as flashbots rpc The MEV Protection rpc ensure the rebalance and defender won't be affect...

expirationPeriod in the strategy contracts is not checked when calling LlamaCore.execute

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact If executionPeriod is set to an extremely short time or even 0, then all actions can never be executed. Proof of Concept There are 7 states in an Action flow: Active, Canceled, Failed, Approved, Queued, Expired, Executed. Generally, the sequence goes lik...

Missing Role Validation in LlamaAbsoluteStrategyBase.sol

Lines of code Vulnerability details Bug Description: The LlamaAbsoluteStrategyBase contract serves as a base contract for Llama strategies and implements various functions for action creation, approval, disapproval, and cancellation. However, it fails to validate the roles used in some critical...

Incorrect validation in LlamaRelativeQuorum results in improper approvals/disapprovals

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The LlamaRelativeQuorum contract is intended to allow for approvals/disapprovals to be configured such that, for example, an approval is triggered when a certain percentage of the total quantity for a role with this quantity being fixed at the creation o...

[ H ] No Validation checks for "v" signature in castApprovalBySig

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact V must correspond according to ECDSA principles values of either 27 or 28. Not checking this will result in an attacker crafting a malicious v value and bypassing any checks, withdrawing funds or accessing the function maliciously. Proof of Concept Craft...

The claim() function has a reentrancy vulnerability

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The claim function has a reentrancy vulnerability . In the function, the UtilLib.sendValue function is called before emitting the Claimed event. This violates the "check-effect-interaction" model, which is a best practice for secure smart contract...

Bug on e handling of excess ETH deposits

Lines of code Vulnerability details The StaderStakePoolsManager contract contains a critical bug that could lead to financial loss and system instability. The bug is related to the handling of excess ETH deposits and the calculation of available ETH for new deposits. Bug Description: In the...

No stale data check on data being read from POR feed

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Stale data of exchange rate data being used protocol, resulting in loss in terms of ETHX being minted at stale exchange rate which won't have accounted for new reward Recommended Mitigation Steps Check lastUpdatedAt timestamp and that it is within...

Potential Integer Overflow/Underflow

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The functions insertSDPrice and getMedianValue manipulate arrays of uint256 values without explicitly checking for integer overflow or underflow. If the array lengths or calculations exceed the maximum or minimum values of uint256, it can result in...

ERC20 token bridge does not support token with different decimals

Lines of code Vulnerability details ERC20 token bridge does not support token with different decimals Summary ERC20 token bridge does not support token with different decimals Vulnerability Detail In the current implementation: User can perform ERC20 cross-chain transfer via token bridge. Let us...

Users who stake at the end of a freeze would get rewards as if they've staked before the freeze

Lines of code Vulnerability details This one was reported in the first contest, it was mitigated but a code change that was made since then brings it back again. Impact Users who stake while frozen would get a share of the rewards for the period since the last call to payoutRewards. This means th...

Oracle timeout at rebalance will result in a sell-off of all RSRs at 0 price

Lines of code Vulnerability details When creating the trade for rebalance, the RecollateralizationLibP1.nextTradePair uses uint192 low, uint192 high = rsrAsset.price; // UoA/tok to get the rsr sell price. And the rsr assert is a pure Assert contract, which price function will just return 0, FIXMA...

EVENT EMITTED WITHOUT ACTION

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact A malicious validator can remain in the system after exceeding it's exit penalty threshold. This poses a risk to users and a possible reputation risk to the protocol. Proof of Concept In the updateTotalPenaltyAmount... function, when the validators...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #240 [1686228586164]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 240 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: L-04 --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

Upgraded Q -> 2 from #23 [1686021624118]

Judge has assessed an item in Issue 23 as 2 risk. The relevant finding follows: rageQuit cannot transfer ERC1155 fungible tokens --- The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions...

[M-02] Not having Self-Destruct Functions

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The contract does not have a self-destruct function, making it impossible to remove the contract from the blockchain once it's deployed. Recommended Mitigation Steps add a self-destruct function with proper access control to allow the contract to be...

_execSellNftToMarket() re-enter steal funds

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact re-enter steal funds Proof of Concept execSellNftToMarket The number of changes in the balance to represent whether the corresponding amount has been received function execSellNftToMarket address collection, uint256 tokenId, uint256 amount, bool pushBase...

addCredit() impacts the price curve of loan auctions

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The price curve of a loan auction is supposed to depend only on block.timestamp, meaning that the price increases as time goes on. However, the addCredit function allows anyone to change or increase the value of lien.credit. If lien.credit is increased,...

Supplying NFT, which is borrowed from Particle Exchange, to Particle Exchange can cause original lien's borrower to lose such NFT and previously sent msg.value even though its position for original lien is not yet insolvent

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact After a borrower calls the following ParticleExchange.swapWithEth function, the borrower receives the corresponding NFT. function swapWithEthLien calldata lien, uint256 lienId external payable override validateLienlien, lienId ... /// @dev cannot instant...

Burning an NFT can be used to block voting

Lines of code Vulnerability details Burning an NFT can be used to block voting Impact A new validation in the accept function has been introduced in order to mitigate a potential attack to the party governance. By burning an NFT, a party member can reduce the total voting power of the party just...