Modeling Local Exploit Hazard - a Bayesian Framework for Quantifying Exploit Risk and Operational Efficiency

This paper presents a local exploit hazard model : a Bayesian framework that converts the global probabilities produced by an exploit likelihood model ELM, such as the Exploit Prediction Scoring System EPSS, into a daily exploit hazard rate for an organization's own assets. The model measures the...

FIRCE: A Framework for Intrusion Response and Conformal Evaluation

Machine learning-based intrusion detection systems deployed in real-world environments frequently suffer from model degradation due to concept drift, where changes in traffic patterns invalidate training assumptions. To address this, we present FIRCE, a Framework for Intrusion Response and...

Policy-Driven Vulnerability Risk Quantification Framework for Large-Scale Cloud Infrastructure Data Security

The exponential growth of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures CVE disclosures poses significant challenges for enterprise security management, necessitating automated and quantitative risk assessment methodologies. Existing vulnerability analysis approaches suffer from three critical limitations...

ROC vs. CTEM: How a Risk Operations Center Evolves Beyond Continuous Threat Exposure Management in 2026

Key Takeaways: The Essentials of ROC vs. CTEM What is a ROC? A risk operations center ROC is a centralized command hub that unifies cyber risk management across security, IT, and compliance. It uses agentic AI to provide a real-time view of business risk, prioritize what matters, and then automat...

Trustworthy Quantum Machine Learning: A Roadmap for Reliability, Robustness, and Security in the NISQ Era

Quantum machine learning QML is a promising paradigm for tackling computational problems that challenge classical AI. Yet, the inherent probabilistic behavior of quantum mechanics, device noise in NISQ hardware, and hybrid quantum-classical execution pipelines introduce new risks that prevent...

Qualys ETM Identity — The First True Quantification of the Identity Perimeter

Security has always been about controlling who can do what and where. In 2025, that control is mediated entirely by identity. When an attacker “logs in,” not "breaks in", they inherit legitimate permissions, blend into normal telemetry, and pivot across AD, Entra/Okta, SaaS, and cloud, driving...

Towards Reliable and Practical LLM Security Evaluations Via Bayesian Modelling

Before adopting a new large language model LLM architecture, it is critical to understand vulnerabilities accurately. Existing evaluations can be difficult to trust, often drawing conclusions from LLMs that are not meaningfully comparable, relying on heuristic inputs or employing metrics that fai...

Dynamic Causal Attack Graph Based Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for CTCS System

Protecting the security of the train control system is a critical issue to ensure the safe and reliable operation of high-speed trains. Scientific modeling and analysis for the security risk is a promising way to guarantee system security. However, the representation and assessment of the...

A Fast, Reliable, and Secure Programming Language for LLM Agents with Code Actions

Modern large language models LLMs are often deployed as agents, calling external tools adaptively to solve tasks. Rather than directly calling tools, it can be more effective for LLMs to write code to perform the tool calls, enabling them to automatically generate complex control flow such as...

Scoring the Unscorables: Cyber Risk Assessment beyond Internet Scans

In this paper we present a study on using novel data types to perform cyber risk quantification by estimating the likelihood of a data breach. We demonstrate that it is feasible to build a highly accurate cyber risk assessment model using public and readily available technology signatures obtaine...

RADEP: a Resilient Adaptive Defense Framework against Model Extraction Attacks

Machine Learning as a Service MLaaS enables users to leverage powerful machine learning models through cloud-based APIs, offering scalability and ease of deployment. However, these services are vulnerable to model extraction attacks, where adversaries repeatedly query the application programming...

The Future of Cybersecurity Risk Management: Risk Operations Center (ROC) delivered by Qualys Enterprise TruRisk™ Management (ETM)

" A problem well defined is a problem half solved." – Charles Kettering In today’s digital landscape, organizations are overwhelmed with risk signals from all directions—cloud vulnerabilities, misconfigurations in custom code, operational technology OT gaps, and third-party integrations, to name ...

Qualys Ranked as a “Strong Performer” Among Top Vendors in Forrester Wave™ for Attack Surface Management

As the threat landscape evolves and presents new risks to security teams, the bar for attack surface management solutions is higher than ever. When Qualys introduced CyberSecurity Asset Management in 2021, the goal was to provide a unified view of the entire attack surface with visibility into...

TruRisk™️ Insights – The Story Behind a TruRisk Score

In the world of cloud and SaaS security, where risks arise not only from vulnerabilities but also from misconfigurations and various threats, the task of prioritizing and managing them becomes increasingly complex. Its not just about identifying vulnerabilities; its also crucial to recognize and...

Reduce Risk Faster With the Qualys Risk Reduction Recommendation Report

New vulnerabilities are found almost daily. However, most organizations struggle to identify, prioritize, and remediate vulnerabilities efficiently—making their environments vulnerable to risk. Last year, Qualys introduced Qualys VMDR with TruRiskTM, which helps organizations quantify cyber risk ...

Decrypting Cyber Risk Quantification

Discover the evolution of cyber risk quantification, criteria for an accurate risk score, and its benefits across the organization...

Decrypting Cyber Risk Quantification

Discover the evolution of cyber risk quantification, criteria for an accurate risk score, and its benefits across the organization...

QSC 2022 Kickoff: Quantifying and Qualifying Digital Cyber Risks

Qualys’ annual security conference returned to a live-only event this week at the Venetian Hotel in Las Vegas, and the keynote addresses started things off on a very practical note… about selling coconuts, toasters, and carbon monoxide detectors. The first two keynotes featured speeches from both...

Introducing Qualys VMDR 2.0

Over the last five years, the number of vulnerabilities disclosed has doubled. The speed at which vulnerabilities are weaponized and leveraged for mass exploitation is down to mere days from weeks. For example, mass exploitation of the Log4Shell vulnerability at the end of 2021 occurred 48 hours...

The Case for Cyber-Risk Prospectuses

Sometimes our investments lose money. It’s not for lack of trying, indeed most investment firms make money off the growth of our investments. But despite best intentions and detailed investment plans, we sometimes end up with less than that with which we started. This can be due to outside forces...