Assumptions are currently made that prices would forever be positive

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Neglecting the potential for negative asset prices can lead to inaccurate value representation in the Liquidity Pool, possibly affecting calculations related to assets and tokens. It's crucial to note that the value of an asset, even if negative in the...

Rouge ward can remove auth permission from other wards and then remove themselves

Lines of code Vulnerability details In a protocol, the deny function is used to remove the ward permissions from an address. This is actually a serious thing to consider that can actually occur, if a ward contract or account is obtained and other wards are not aware, the rogue ward can actually...

7 Steps to Kickstart Your SaaS Security Program

SaaS applications are the backbone of modern businesses, constituting a staggering 70% of total software usage. Applications like Box, Google Workplace, and Microsoft 365 are integral to daily operations. This widespread adoption has transformed them into potential breeding grounds for cyber...

Inactive Orchestrators and delegators's vote still counts towards as effective when calculating the quota and quorum

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Inactive Orchestrators and delegators's vote still counts towards as effective when calculating the quota and quorum Proof of Concept According to the documentation, one of the priorty is to ensure the code implementation matches the LIP specification...

The logic in _handleVoteOverride to determine if an account is transcoder is not consistent with the logic in the BondManager.sol

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The logic in handleVoteOverride to determine if an account is transcoder has issue Proof of Concept In the current implementation, when a voting, the function countVote is triggered, this function is overriden in the function...

Front-running attack can occur between when the unbonding lock is created and when the delegator's bonded amount is decreased.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact This would allow the delegator to temporarily have more bonded tokens than they should. They could take advantage of this by voting in governance with the increased voting power or withdrawing increased fees Proof of Concept 1. When unbond is called, an...

quorum and quota calculation logic is flawed

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact quorum and quota calculation logic is flawed Proof of Concept votes to be valid, and if the poll passed or failed. At the time of writing, then QUORUM value is 33% of active stake, and the QUOTA is 50%, meaning that as long as 1/3rd of active stake votes...

DOS in governance when voting after delegate

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The GovernorCountingOverridable::handleVoteOverrides function substracts the delegator vote weight from the total votes when the delegatee has already submited a vote. However, if the delegator's vote is greater than the current total vote the substracti...

Malicious users can manipulate the withdrawRound to withdraw their stake before the unbonding period is over.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Disruption the normal bonding incentives and mechanisms in the protocol. Validators or transcoders could withdrew unexpectedly, preventing governance responses to bonded token changes. Proof of Concept The withdrawStake function first checks if the...

Unprotected initialize functions can front-run by MEV or by an Attacker

Lines of code Vulnerability details Vulnerability Detail It should be avoided that the implementation of proxy contracts can be initialized by third parties. This can be the case if the initialize function is unprotected. Since the implementation contract is not meant to be used directly without ...

using increaseTotalStakeUncheckpointed() instead of increaseTotalStake() can lead to inconsistent transcoder state

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact This allows a transcoder to increase their voting power without actually increasing their stake. Proof of Concept The relevant code that uses increaseTotalStakeUncheckpointed and skips transcoder state checkpointing is in the updateTranscoderWithRewards...

_weight - voter.deductions can revert in underflow when counting the vote

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact weight - voter.deductions can revert in underflow when counting the vote Proof of Concept In the current implementation, when a voting, the function countVote is triggered, this function is overriden in the function GovernorCountingOverridable.sol weight...

December’s Reimagining Democracy Workshop

Imagine that weve all--all of us, all of society--landed on some alien planet, and we have to form a government: clean slate. We dont have any legacy systems from the US or any other country. We dont have any special or unique interests to perturb our thinking. How would we govern ourselves? Its...

Identity Threat Detection and Response: Rips in Your Identity Fabric

Why SaaS Security Is a Challenge In today's digital landscape, organizations are increasingly relying on Software-as-a-Service SaaS applications to drive their operations. However, this widespread adoption has also opened the doors to new security risks and vulnerabilities. The SaaS security atta...

Vote tokens of voters are not returned.

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact In the docs and twitter spaces, it was mentioned that the voting tokens will be given back to the voters after the Election has ended. But no logic is implemented anywhere in the repo. This can cause voters to lose their valuable voting tokens which can...

The LendingLedger.sync_ledger function is susceptible to a potential reentrancy attack

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The primary focus is on the functions deposit/withdraw situated within the LendingMarket smart contracts, as they trigger the invocation of the LendingLedger.syncledger function. These functions carry the potential risk of containing a reentrancy issue,...

LendingLedger Lack of method to rescue accidentally sent Canto

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact There is no function to rescue Canto accidentally sent to LendingLedger so if governance fat-finger those Canto could be lost forever. Proof of Concept There is no function to transfer native token out of LendingLedger Tools Used Manual inspection...

SecurityCouncilMemberSyncAction.perform is not exclusively can be scheduled from SecurityCouncilManager's operations

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact SecurityCouncilMemberSyncAction.perform is a crucial function that will be triggered by upgrade executor via delegate call after the whole election process or after current members do some update add/remove/replace/rotate to update security council...

L1SCMgmtActivationAction does not check executor role of new and prev emergency security council

Lines of code Vulnerability details Proof of Concept GovernanceChainSCMgmtActivationAction.sol checks that the newEmergencySecurityCouncil has a upgradeExecutor role whereas the prevEmergencySecurityCouncil does not have a upgradeExecutor role. GovernanceChainSCMgmtActivationAction.sol // confirm...

replaceMember&rotateMember; has no voting process

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact The execution of the two methods replaceMember&rotateMember does not implement the voting process, which will violate the provisions of the following articles Address rotation: As a practical matter, a council member can rotate one of their own keys. Thi...