Excessive Iteration in gRPC

gRPC contains a vulnerability that allows hpack table accounting
errors could lead to unwanted disconnects between clients and
servers in exceptional cases/ Three vectors were found that allow
the following DOS attacks:

• Unbounded memory buffering in the HPACK parser
• Unbounded CPU consumption in the HPACK parser

The unbounded CPU consumption is down to a copy that occurred
per-input-block in the parser, and because that could be unbounded
due to the memory copy bug we end up with an O(n^2) parsing loop,
with n selected by the client.

The unbounded memory buffering bugs:

• The header size limit check was behind the string reading code,
  so we needed to first buffer up to a 4 gigabyte string before
  rejecting it as longer than 8 or 16kb.

• HPACK varints have an encoding quirk whereby an infinite number
  of 0’s can be added at the start of an integer. gRPC’s hpack
  parser needed to read all of them before concluding a parse.

• gRPC’s metadata overflow check was performed per frame, so that
  the following sequence of frames could cause infinite buffering:
  HEADERS: containing a: 1 CONTINUATION: containing a: 2 CONTINUATION:
  containing a: 3 etc…