A flaw was found in hw. The AMD CPUs can be attacked similar to the previously known Spectre Variant 2 (CVE-2017-5715). This issue affects AMD CPUs where the OS relies on IBPB to flush the return address predictor. As a result, an unprivileged attacker could use this flaw to cross the syscall and guest/host boundaries and read privileged memory by conducting targeted cache side-channel attacks.
#### Mitigation
Please see the vulnerability response article for the full list of updates available and a detailed discussion of this issue, which compares the existing mitigation for CVE-2022-23816 and CVE-2022-29900, mentioning Mitigation V2-3 of Software Techniques for Managing Speculation.pdf, and a suggests that Hypervisor and OS vendors review their usages of IBPB.
{"amd": [{"lastseen": "2023-03-17T18:25:21", "description": "### Summary \n\nThis security bulletin addresses two issues related to CVE-2017-5715 previously known as Spectre Variant 2. As part of our efforts to continue improving security features, AMD has investigated additional issues related to CVE-2017-5715. This security bulletin addresses subsequent potential issues.\n\nCVE-2022-23825 (Branch Type Confusion_)_\n\nAliases in the branch predictor may cause some AMD processors to predict the wrong branch type potentially leading to information disclosure.\n\nCVE-2022-29900 (RETbleed) (aka CVE-2022-23816)\n\nMis-trained branch predictions for return instructions may allow arbitrary speculative code execution under certain microarchitecture-dependent conditions.\n\n### Affected Products \n\nDesktop\n\n * AMD Athlon\u2122 X4 processor\n * AMD Ryzen\u2122 Threadripper\u2122 PRO processor\n * 2nd Gen AMD Ryzen\u2122 Threadripper\u2122 processors\n * 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen\u2122 Threadripper\u2122 processors\n * 7th Generation AMD A-Series APUs\n * AMD Ryzen\u2122 2000 Series Desktop processors\n * AMD Ryzen\u2122 3000 Series Desktop processors\n * AMD Ryzen\u2122 4000 Series Desktop processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nMobile\n\n * AMD Ryzen\u2122 2000 Series Mobile processor \n * AMD Athlon\u2122 3000 Series Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122\n\nGraphics \n\n * AMD Ryzen\u2122 3000 Series Mobile processors or 2nd Gen AMD Ryzen\u2122 Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n * AMD Ryzen\u2122 4000 Series Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n * AMD Ryzen\u2122 5000 Series Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nChromebook\n\n * AMD Athlon\u2122 Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics \n\nServer\n\n * 1st Gen AMD EPYC\u2122 processors\n * 2nd Gen AMD EPYC\u2122 processors\n\n### Mitigation \n\nAMD is recommending the software community follow the guidance found in our [Technical Guidance for Mitigating Branch Type Confusion](<https://www.amd.com/system/files/documents/technical-guidance-for-mitigating-branch-type-confusion_v7_20220712.pdf>)1\n\nAs of the date of this disclosure, AMD is not aware of any active exploits in the wild of AMD products relating to CVE-2017-5715.\n\n### Acknowledgment \n\nAMD thanks the following for reporting these issues and engaging in coordinated vulnerability disclosure.\n\nCVE-2022-29900 (aka CVE-2022-23816): Kaveh Razavi and Johannes Wikner of ETH Zurich\n\nCVE-2022-23825: Found internally by AMD employees and subsequently reported by Kaveh Razavi, Dani\u00ebl Trujillo, and Johannes Wikner of ETH Zurich, Ke Sun, Alyssa Milburn, Henrique Kawakami, Thais Moreira Hamasaki, Lisa Aichele, and Emma Benoit. \n\n### References \n\n 1. [Technical Guidance for Mitigating Branch Type Confusion ](<https://www.amd.com/system/files/documents/technical-guidance-for-mitigating-branch-type-confusion_v7_20220712.pdf>)\n\n### Revisions \n\n**Revision Date **\n\n| \n\n**Description ** \n \n---|--- \n \n07-12-2022 \n\n| \n\nInitial publication \n \nDISCLAIMER\n\nThe information contained herein is for informational purposes only and is subject to change without notice. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, it may contain technical inaccuracies, omissions and typographical errors, and AMD is under no obligation to update or otherwise correct this information. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document, and assumes no liability of any kind, including the implied warranties of noninfringement, merchantability or fitness for particular purposes, with respect to the operation or use of AMD hardware, software or other products described herein. Any computer system has risks of security vulnerabilities that cannot be completely prevented or mitigated. No license, including implied or arising by estoppel, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Terms and limitations applicable to the purchase or use of AMD\u2019s products are as set forth in a signed agreement between the parties or in AMD's Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale. \n\nAMD, the AMD Arrow logo, and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Other product names used in this publication are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies. \n\n\u00a9 2022 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2022-07-12T00:00:00", "type": "amd", "title": "AMD CPU Branch Type Confusion", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-5715", "CVE-2022-23816", "CVE-2022-23825", "CVE-2022-29900"], "modified": "2022-07-14T00:00:00", "id": "AMD-SB-1037", "href": "https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/product-security/bulletin/amd-sb-1037", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-03-17T18:24:54", "description": "### Summary\n\nAMD is aware of a potential vulnerability affecting AMD CPUs where the OS relies on IBPB to flush the return address predictor. This may allow for CVE-2017-5715 (previously known as Spectre Variant 2) attacks based on RET predictions in cases where the OS relies on IBPB without the use of additional software mitigations, to flush the return address predictor.\n\nCVE-2022-23824\n\nIBPB may not prevent return branch predictions from being specified by pre-IBPB branch targets leading to a potential information disclosure.\n\n### Affected Products\n\n**Desktop**\n\nAMD Athlon\u2122 X4 processor\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 Threadripper\u2122 PRO processor\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 PRO 5000 Series Desktop Processors\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 Threadripper\u2122 5000 Series Processors\n\n2nd Gen AMD Ryzen\u2122 Threadripper\u2122 processors\n\n3rd Gen AMD Ryzen\u2122 Threadripper\u2122 processors\n\n7th Generation AMD A-Series APUs\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 2000 Series Desktop processors\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 3000 Series Desktop processors\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 4000 Series Desktop processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 5000 Series Desktop Processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 5000 Series Desktop Processor\n\n**Mobile**\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 2000 Series Mobile processor\n\nAMD Athlon\u2122 3000 Series Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 3000 Series Mobile processors or 2nd Gen AMD Ryzen\u2122 Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 4000 Series Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 5000 Series Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 6000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 7030 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 PRO 7030 Series Mobile Processors\n\nAMD Ryzen\u2122 PRO 5000 Series Mobile Processors\n\n**Chromebook**\n\nAMD Athlon\u2122 Mobile processors with Radeon\u2122 graphics\n\n**Server**\n\n1st Gen AMD EPYC\u2122 processors\n\n2nd Gen AMD EPYC\u2122 processors\n\n3rd Gen AMD EPYC\u2122 processors\n\n### Mitigation\n\nMitigations are specific to each of the Hypervisor or OS vendors that are impacted. Not all Hypervisor or OS vendors may be impacted. If applicable, an OS update to address this CVE may be available. AMD recommends that you contact your OS partners for details.\n\nAMD recommends that Hypervisor and OS vendors review their usages of IBPB. In addition to performing the IBPB, AMD recommends software follow guidance such as those described in Mitigation V2-3 of Software Techniques for Managing Speculation.pdf1\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 5.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2022-11-08T00:00:00", "type": "amd", "title": "IBPB and Return Stack Buffer Interactions", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-5715", "CVE-2022-23824"], "modified": "2022-12-06T00:00:00", "id": "AMD-SB-1040", "href": "https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/product-security/bulletin/amd-sb-1040", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "redhatcve": [{"lastseen": "2023-03-08T23:16:24", "description": "A flaw was found in hw. Mis-trained branch predictions for return instructions may allow arbitrary speculative code execution under certain microarchitecture-dependent conditions.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2022-07-13T04:44:10", "type": "redhatcve", "title": "CVE-2022-29900", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2022-23816", "CVE-2022-29900"], "modified": "2023-03-08T22:36:10", "id": "RH:CVE-2022-29900", "href": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2022-29900", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-03-08T23:16:18", "description": "A flaw was found in hw. Mis-trained branch predictions for return instructions may allow arbitrary speculative code execution under certain microarchitecture-dependent conditions.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2022-07-13T04:44:07", "type": "redhatcve", "title": "CVE-2022-23816", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2022-23816", "CVE-2022-29900"], "modified": "2023-03-08T22:35:58", "id": "RH:CVE-2022-23816", "href": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2022-23816", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}], "fedora": [{"lastseen": "2022-07-23T00:13:30", "description": "This package contains the XenD daemon and xm command line tools, needed to manage virtual machines running under the Xen hypervisor ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2022-07-18T01:09:01", "type": "fedora", "title": "[SECURITY] Fedora 36 Update: xen-4.16.1-6.fc36", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2022-23816", "CVE-2022-23825", "CVE-2022-29900"], "modified": "2022-07-18T01:09:01", "id": "FEDORA:3622F307260C", "href": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/KLSRW4LLTAT3CZMOYVNTC7YIYGX3KLED/", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-23T00:13:29", "description": "The kernel meta package ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2022-07-14T01:49:14", "type": "fedora", "title": "[SECURITY] Fedora 36 Update: kernel-5.18.11-200.fc36", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2022-23816", "CVE-2022-23825", "CVE-2022-29900", "CVE-2022-29901"], "modified": "2022-07-14T01:49:14", "id": "FEDORA:79262304C76D", "href": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/M27MB3QFNIJV4EQQSXWARHP3OGX6CR6K/", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-23T00:13:29", "description": "The kernel meta package ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2022-07-15T01:37:00", "type": "fedora", "title": "[SECURITY] Fedora 35 Update: kernel-5.18.11-100.fc35", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2022-23816", "CVE-2022-23825", "CVE-2022-29900", "CVE-2022-29901"], "modified": "2022-07-15T01:37:00", "id": "FEDORA:3E0893021FB2", "href": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/D4RW5FCIYFNCQOEFJEUIRW3DGYW7CWBG/", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-12-03T00:26:41", "description": "This package contains the XenD daemon and xm command line tools, needed to manage virtual machines running under the Xen hypervisor ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 5.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2022-12-02T06:22:02", "type": "fedora", "title": "[SECURITY] Fedora 35 Update: xen-4.15.4-1.fc35", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2022-23824"], "modified": "2022-12-02T06:22:02", "id": "FEDORA:346343055F40", "href": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/NTQMPJC5N6XJYQ232OZFLK47HVZNRBY3/", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-13T00:37:47", "description": "This package contains the XenD daemon and xm command line tools, needed to manage virtual machines running under the Xen hypervisor ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-08-12T01:42:28", "type": "fedora", "title": "[SECURITY] Fedora 35 Update: xen-4.15.3-4.fc35", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2022-23816", "CVE-2022-23825", "CVE-2022-2990", "CVE-2022-29900", "CVE-2022-33745"], "modified": "2022-08-12T01:42:28", "id": "FEDORA:E6CE83084966", "href": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/MYI3OMJ7RIZNL3C6GUWNANNPEUUID6FM/", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}], "thn": [{"lastseen": "2022-07-14T09:58:31", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99hURM7p8UjuvAPRUCPZEYm50BKJ3LJ8CUqoqkTVh28vJ-Sbbgu5VZ5sRZdmw3XxjwNRHVeWSjwiQzJuTzu8vHEQQWoyVAhDO0GxtAYTCybsDVFFDnYWGJteRJlmrv2qcHafQX88lBxzIvl28XHy4aRqIDv6CU-w3qxGkWP0joupgmUhpEc1RVHTM/s728-e100/intel-amd.jpg>)\n\nSecurity researchers have uncovered yet another vulnerability affecting numerous older AMD and Intel microprocessors that could bypass current defenses and result in Spectre-based speculative-execution attacks.\n\nDubbed [**Retbleed**](<https://comsec.ethz.ch/research/microarch/retbleed/>) by ETH Zurich researchers Johannes Wikner and Kaveh Razavi, the issue is tracked as CVE-2022-29900 (AMD) and CVE-2022-29901 (Intel), with the chipmakers [releasing](<https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/product-security/bulletin/amd-sb-1037>) [software](<https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00707.html>) [mitigations](<https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00702.html>) as part of a coordinated disclosure process.\n\nRetbleed is also the latest addition to a class of [Spectre attacks](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/new-exploit-bypasses-existing-spectre.html>) known as Spectre-BTI (CVE-2017-5715 or Spectre-V2), which exploit the side effects of an optimization technique called [speculative execution](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_execution>) by means of a timing side channel to trick a program into accessing arbitrary locations in its memory space and leak private information.\n\nSpeculative execution attempts to fill the instruction pipeline of a program by predicting which instruction will be executed next in order to gain a performance boost, while also undoing the results of the execution should the guess turn out to be wrong.\n\nAttacks like Spectre take advantage of the fact that these erroneously executed instructions \u2014 a result of the misprediction \u2014 are bound to leave traces of the execution in the cache, resulting in a scenario where a rogue program can trick the processor into executing incorrect code paths and infer secret data pertaining to the victim.\n\nPut differently, Spectre is an instance of transient execution attack, which relies on hardware design flaws to \"influence\" which instruction sequences are speculatively executed and leak encryption keys or passwords from within the victim's memory address space.\n\nThis, in turn, is achieved through microarchitectural side channels like [Flush+Reload](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/malware-can-exploit-new-flaw-in-intel.html>) that measures the time taken to perform memory reads from the cache that's shared with the victim, but not before flushing some of the shared memory, resulting in either fast or slow reads depending on whether the victim accessed the monitored cache line since it was evicted.\n\nWhile safeguards like [Retpoline](<https://support.google.com/faqs/answer/7625886>) (aka \"return trampoline\") have been devised to prevent branch target injection (BTI), Retbleed is designed to get around this countermeasure and achieve speculative code execution.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuvPfcMasWqq8m44rpc9wEUeLn8SVWAZLQlb5Z-GgdtlckaC3av10GASed_W6E0GsfDqgG2CvWDkk0uPhRIWVnq2g0SqyH9W5tmQBKNQ2KwbIQtldvVe9pYgIFVaeQmpspUatO0L2vKlpUShxLN-YXUJoqlMGjBIuxJLmYEa-rxa17-8dJnOEWk8Uz/s728-e100/cpu.jpg>)\n\n\"[Retpolines](<https://www.intel.com/content/dam/develop/external/us/en/documents/retpoline-a-branch-target-injection-mitigation.pdf>) work by replacing indirect jumps [branches where the branch target is determined at runtime] and calls with returns,\" the researchers explained.\n\n\"Retbleed aims to hijack a return instruction in the kernel to gain arbitrary speculative code execution in the kernel context. With sufficient control over registers and/or memory at the victim return instruction, the attacker can leak arbitrary kernel data.\"\n\nThe core idea, in a nutshell, is to treat [return instructions](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_statement>) as an attack vector for speculation execution and force the statements to be predicted like indirect branches, effectively undoing protections offered by Retpoline.\n\nAs a new line of defense, AMD has introduced what's referred to as [Jmp2Ret](<https://www.amd.com/system/files/documents/technical-guidance-for-mitigating-branch-type-confusion_v7_20220712.pdf>), while Intel has [recommended](<https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/software-security-guidance/advisory-guidance/return-stack-buffer-underflow.html>) using enhanced Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation ([eIBRS](<https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/software-security-guidance/technical-documentation/indirect-branch-restricted-speculation.html>)) to address the potential vulnerability even if Retpoline mitigations are in place.\n\n\"Windows operating system uses IBRS by default, so no update is required,\" Intel said in an advisory, noting it worked with the Linux community to make available software updates for the shortcoming.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.1, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 5.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2022-07-13T14:22:00", "type": "thn", "title": "New 'Retbleed' Speculative Execution Attack Affects AMD and Intel CPUs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.4, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 1.9, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-5715", "CVE-2022-29900", "CVE-2022-29901"], "modified": "2022-07-14T08:42:28", "id": "THN:83DDF7EA5627F196DA7F3A5DB2F32A06", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/07/new-retbleed-speculative-execution.html", "cvss": {"score": 1.9, "vector": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:40:37", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-2_Cd6sqB6Vs/WsSyh3cSdJI/AAAAAAAAwGE/cIL2D4AGirs92hWsEG4dYopGn39jDYHKgCLcBGAs/s728-e100/intel-hacking.png>)\n\nAs speculated by the researcher who disclosed [Meltdown and Spectre flaws](<https://thehackernews.com/2018/01/meltdown-spectre-vulnerability.html>) in Intel processors, some of the Intel processors will not receive patches for the Spectre (variant 2) side-channel analysis attack \n \nIn a recent microcode revision guidance ([PDF](<https://newsroom.intel.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/04/microcode-update-guidance.pdf>)), Intel admits that it would not be possible to address the Spectre design flaw in its specific old CPUs, because it requires changes to the processor architecture to mitigate the issue fully. \n \nThe chip-maker has marked \"Stopped\" to the production status for a total 9 product families\u2014Bloomfield, Clarksfield, Gulftown, Harpertown Xeon, Jasper Forest, Penryn, SoFIA 3GR, Wolfdale, and Yorkfield. \n \nThese vulnerable chip families\u2014which are mostly old that went on sale between 2007 and 2011\u2014will no longer receive microcode updates, leaving more than 230 Intel processor models vulnerable to hackers that powers millions of computers and mobile devices. \n \nAccording to the revised guidance, \"after a comprehensive investigation of the microarchitectures and microcode capabilities for these products, Intel has determined to not release microcode updates for these products for one or more reasons.\" \n \nIntel mentions three reasons in its documentation for not addressing the flaw in some of the impacted products: \n\n\n * Micro-architectural characteristics that preclude a practical implementation of features mitigating Variant 2 (CVE-2017-5715)\n * Limited Commercially Available System Software support\n * Based on customer inputs, most of these products are implemented as \"closed systems\" and therefore are expected to have a lower likelihood of exposure to these vulnerabilities.\nSpectre variant 2 vulnerability (CVE-2017-5715) affects systems wherein microprocessors utilize speculative execution and indirect branch prediction, allowing a malicious program to read sensitive information, such as passwords, encryption keys, or sensitive information, including that of the kernel, using a side-channel analysis attack. \n \nHowever, these processors can install pre-mitigation production microcode updates to mitigate Variant 1 (Spectre) and Variant 3 (Meltdown) flaws. \n\n\n> \"We've now completed release of microcode updates for Intel microprocessor products launched in the last 9+ years that required protection against the side-channel vulnerabilities discovered by Google. However, as indicated in our latest microcode revision guidance, we will not be providing updated microcode for a select number of older platforms for several reasons, including limited ecosystem support and customer feedback.\" says an Intel spokesperson via email.\n\nBesides Intel, AMD Ryzen and EPYC processors were also found vulnerable to [13 critical vulnerabilities](<https://thehackernews.com/2018/03/amd-processor-vulnerabilities.html>) that could allow an unauthorized attacker to access sensitive data, install persistent malware inside the chip, and gain full access to the compromised systems. \n \nAMD has [acknowledged](<https://thehackernews.com/2018/03/amd-processor-hacking.html>) reported vulnerabilities and promised to roll out firmware patches for millions of affected devices in the coming weeks. \n \nHowever, CTS Labs, the security firm that discovered and disclosed the vulnerabilities, claimed that AMD could take several months to release patches for most of the security issues, where some of them cannot be fixed.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.1, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 5.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2018-04-04T11:17:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Intel Admits It Won't Be Possible to Fix Spectre (V2) Flaw in Some Processors", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.4, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 1.9, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-5715"], "modified": "2018-04-05T14:46:24", "id": "THN:718A9E01EB9A2B76DC08D8973AACAF7E", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2018/04/intel-spectre-vulnerability.html", "cvss": {"score": 1.9, "vector": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}], "nessus": [{"lastseen": "2023-02-12T17:19:43", "description": "The remote Fedora 36 host has a package installed that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the FEDORA-2022-c69ef9c1dd advisory.\n\n - AMD microprocessor families 15h to 18h are affected by a new Spectre variant that is able to bypass their retpoline mitigation in the kernel to leak arbitrary data. 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(CVE-2022-29901)\n\n - AMD: CVE-2022-23816 AMD CPU Branch Type Confusion (CVE-2022-23816)\n\n - AMD: CVE-2022-23825 AMD CPU Branch Type Confusion (CVE-2022-23825)\n\nNote that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 4.0}, "published": "2022-07-14T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "Fedora 36 : kernel (2022-c69ef9c1dd)", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2022-23816", "CVE-2022-23825", "CVE-2022-29900", "CVE-2022-29901"], "modified": "2022-12-05T00:00:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:36", "p-cpe:/a:fedoraproject:fedora:kernel"], "id": "FEDORA_2022-C69EF9C1DD.NASL", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/163090", "sourceData": "##\n# (C) Tenable, Inc.\n##\n# The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were\n# extracted from Fedora Security Advisory FEDORA-2022-c69ef9c1dd\n#\n\ninclude('compat.inc');\n\nif (description)\n{\n script_id(163090);\n script_version(\"1.4\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"plugin_modification_date\", value:\"2022/12/05\");\n\n script_cve_id(\n \"CVE-2022-23816\",\n \"CVE-2022-23825\",\n \"CVE-2022-29900\",\n \"CVE-2022-29901\"\n );\n script_xref(name:\"FEDORA\", value:\"2022-c69ef9c1dd\");\n script_xref(name:\"CEA-ID\", value:\"CEA-2022-0026\");\n\n script_name(english:\"Fedora 36 : kernel (2022-c69ef9c1dd)\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"synopsis\", value:\n\"The remote Fedora host is missing one or more security updates.\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"description\", value:\n\"The remote Fedora 36 host has a package installed that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the\nFEDORA-2022-c69ef9c1dd advisory.\n\n - AMD microprocessor families 15h to 18h are affected by a new Spectre variant that is able to bypass their\n retpoline mitigation in the kernel to leak arbitrary data. 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CVE-2022-23824
