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talosTalos IntelligenceTALOS-2024-1957
HistoryApr 23, 2024 - 12:00 a.m.

OFFIS DCMTK DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage incorrect type conversion vulnerability

2024-04-2300:00:00
Talos Intelligence
www.talosintelligence.com
18
vulnerability
type conversion
dcmtk
dicom
arbitrary code execution

CVSS3

7.5

Attack Vector

NETWORK

Attack Complexity

LOW

Privileges Required

NONE

User Interaction

NONE

Scope

UNCHANGED

Confidentiality Impact

NONE

Integrity Impact

NONE

Availability Impact

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

AI Score

7.5

Confidence

High

EPSS

0.001

Percentile

17.0%

Talos Vulnerability Report

TALOS-2024-1957

OFFIS DCMTK DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage incorrect type conversion vulnerability

April 23, 2024
CVE Number

CVE-2024-28130

SUMMARY

An incorrect type conversion vulnerability exists in the DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage functionality of OFFIS DCMTK 3.6.8. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.

CONFIRMED VULNERABLE VERSIONS

The versions below were either tested or verified to be vulnerable by Talos or confirmed to be vulnerable by the vendor.

OFFIS DCMTK 3.6.8

PRODUCT URLS

DCMTK - https://dicom.offis.de/dcmtk.php.en

CVSSv3 SCORE

7.5 - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE

CWE-704 - Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast

DETAILS

DCMTK is a collection of libraries and applications implementing large parts the DICOM standard.

It includes software …

for examining, constructing and converting DICOM image files
handling storage media
sending and receiving images over a network connection
as well as demonstrative image storage and worklist servers

DCMTK is is written in a mixture of ANSI C and C++. It comes in complete source code and is made available as open source software.

DCMTK has been used at numerous DICOM demonstrations to provide central, vendor-independent image storage and worklist servers (CTNs - Central Test Nodes).

It is used by hospitals and companies all over the world for a wide variety of purposes ranging from being a tool for product testing to being a building block for research projects, prototypes and commercial products.

A specially-crafted DICOM file can lead to an incorrect cast type in DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage, due to a missing check type of the record processed. Below some extract of the function and the crash is happening in the following function DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos LINE477:

LINE471 OFCondition DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos(const OFString& stringVal,
LINE472                                             const unsigned long pos)
LINE473 {
LINE474     OFCondition result;
LINE475     // Get old value
LINE476     OFString str;
LINE477     result = getOFStringArray( str );
LINE478     if (result.good())
LINE479     {
LINE480         size_t currentVM = getNumberOfValues();
LINE481         // Trivial case: No values are set and new value should go to first position
LINE482         if ( (currentVM == 0) && (pos == 0))
LINE483             return putOFStringArray(stringVal);
LINE484 
LINE485         // 1st case: Insert at the end
LINE486         // If we insert at a position that does not yet exist, append missing number of components by
LINE487         // adding the corresponding number of backspace chars, append new float value and return.
LINE488         size_t futureVM = pos + 1;
LINE489         if (futureVM > currentVM)
LINE490         {
LINE491             str = str.append(currentVM == 0 ? futureVM - currentVM - 1 : futureVM - currentVM, '\\');
LINE492             str = str.append(stringVal);
LINE493             return putOFStringArray(str);
LINE494   [...]

In order to understand why it’s crashing, we have to get throught the call stack :

#0  DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos (this=0x72, stringVal=..., pos=<optimized out>) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmdata/libsrc/dcbytstr.cc:477
#1  0x000055555589bed4 in DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage (this=<optimized out>, dset=..., allReferences=..., sopclassUID=<optimized out>, instanceUID=<optimized out>, voiActivation=<optimized out>) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmpstat/libsrc/dvpssvl.cc:255

We can observe from the call stack something is wrong in argument, look at this value equal to 0x72, something is really wrong here.

Let see as disassembly corresponding function DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos below :

.text:0000000000485C10 ; OFCondition *__fastcall DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos(OFCondition *__return_ptr retstr, DcmByteString *const this, const OFString *stringVal, size_t pos)
.text:0000000000485C10                 public _ZN13DcmByteString16putOFStringAtPosERK8OFStringm
.text:0000000000485C10 _ZN13DcmByteString16putOFStringAtPosERK8OFStringm proc near
.text:0000000000485C10                                         ; DATA XREF: .data.rel.ro:00000000006E9840↓o
.text:0000000000485C10                                         ; .data.rel.ro:00000000006EC068↓o ...
.text:0000000000485C10
.text:0000000000485C10 pos             = qword ptr -0E0h
.text:0000000000485C10 stringVal       = qword ptr -0D8h
.text:0000000000485C10 this            = qword ptr -0D0h
.text:0000000000485C10 var_C8          = qword ptr -0C8h
.text:0000000000485C10 rightPos        = qword ptr -0B8h
.text:0000000000485C10 leftPos         = qword ptr -0B0h
.text:0000000000485C10 vmPos           = qword ptr -0A8h
.text:0000000000485C10 currentVM       = qword ptr -0A0h
.text:0000000000485C10 futureVM        = qword ptr -98h
.text:0000000000485C10 result          = OFCondition ptr -90h
.text:0000000000485C10 str             = OFString ptr -70h
.text:0000000000485C10 arg             = OFCondition ptr -50h
.text:0000000000485C10 var_30          = OFCondition ptr -30h
.text:0000000000485C10 var_18          = qword ptr -18h
.text:0000000000485C10 var_8           = qword ptr -8
.text:0000000000485C10
.text:0000000000485C10 ; __unwind { // __gxx_personality_v0
.text:0000000000485C10                 endbr64
.text:0000000000485C14                 push    rbp
.text:0000000000485C15                 mov     rbp, rsp
.text:0000000000485C18                 push    rbx
.text:0000000000485C19                 sub     rsp, 0D8h
.text:0000000000485C20                 mov     [rbp+var_C8], rdi
.text:0000000000485C27                 mov     [rbp-0D0h], rsi
.text:0000000000485C2E                 mov     [rbp+stringVal], rdx
.text:0000000000485C35                 mov     [rbp+pos], rcx
.text:0000000000485C3C                 mov     rax, fs:28h
.text:0000000000485C45                 mov     [rbp+var_18], rax
.text:0000000000485C49                 xor     eax, eax
.text:0000000000485C4B                 lea     rax, [rbp+result]
.text:0000000000485C52                 lea     rdx, EC_Normal
.text:0000000000485C59                 mov     rsi, rdx        ; aConst
.text:0000000000485C5C                 mov     rdi, rax        ; this
.text:0000000000485C5F                 call    _ZN11OFConditionC2ERK16OFConditionConst ; OFCondition::OFCondition(OFConditionConst const&)
.text:0000000000485C64                 lea     rax, [rbp+str]
.text:0000000000485C68                 mov     rdi, rax        ; this
.text:0000000000485C6B ;   try {
.text:0000000000485C6B                 call    _ZN8OFStringC2Ev ; OFString::OFString(void)
.text:0000000000485C6B ;   } // starts at 485C6B
.text:0000000000485C70                 mov     rax, [rbp+this]
.text:0000000000485C77                 mov     rax, [rax]
.text:0000000000485C7A                 add     rax, 190h
.text:0000000000485C80                 mov     r8, [rax]
.text:0000000000485C83                 lea     rax, [rbp+arg]
.text:0000000000485C87                 lea     rdx, [rbp+str]
.text:0000000000485C8B                 mov     rsi, [rbp+this]
.text:0000000000485C92                 mov     ecx, 1
.text:0000000000485C97                 mov     rdi, rax
.text:0000000000485C9A ;   try {
.text:0000000000485C9A                 call    r8

The crash is corresponding to the dereference pointer through instruction at .text:0000000000485C80 mov r8, [rax] . rax is function pointer computed at 0000000000485C7A by an offset of 190h from the vtable computed at 0000000000485C77 , by object reference as this at 0000000000485C70, The this is a DcmByteString as identified by the function DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos .

Getting through the call stack, the caller is DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage

The source code function DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage at line 255 is corresponding to :

LINE224 OFCondition DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage(
LINE225     DcmItem &dset,
LINE226     DVPSReferencedSeries_PList& allReferences,
LINE227     const char *sopclassUID,
LINE228     const char *instanceUID,
LINE229     DVPSVOIActivation voiActivation)
LINE230 {
LINE231   if (voiActivation == DVPSV_ignoreVOI) return EC_Normal;
LINE232 
LINE233   OFCondition result = EC_Normal;
LINE234   DcmStack stack;
LINE235   DcmSequenceOfItems *seq;
LINE236   DcmItem *item;
LINE237   DcmUnsignedShort         voiLUTDescriptor(DCM_LUTDescriptor);
LINE238   DcmLongString            voiLUTExplanation(DCM_LUTExplanation);
LINE239   DcmUnsignedShort         voiLUTData(DCM_LUTData);
LINE240   DcmDecimalString         windowCenter(DCM_WindowCenter);
LINE241   DcmDecimalString         windowWidth(DCM_WindowWidth);
LINE242   DcmLongString            windowCenterWidthExplanation(DCM_WindowCenterWidthExplanation);
LINE243 
LINE244   READ_FROM_DATASET(DcmDecimalString, EVR_DS, windowCenter)
LINE245   READ_FROM_DATASET(DcmDecimalString, EVR_DS, windowWidth)
LINE246   READ_FROM_DATASET(DcmLongString, EVR_LO, windowCenterWidthExplanation)
LINE247 
LINE248   /* read VOI LUT Sequence */
LINE249   if (result==EC_Normal)
LINE250   {
LINE251     stack.clear();
LINE252     if (EC_Normal == dset.search(DCM_VOILUTSequence, stack, ESM_fromHere, OFFalse))
LINE253     {
LINE254       seq=(DcmSequenceOfItems *)stack.top();
LINE255       if (seq->card() > 0)
LINE256       {

and the instruction responsible for to DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos is done through the instruction seq->card() call At LINE254. We can noticeseq is casted into a (DcmSequenceOfItems *)

Going throught the definition of DcmSequenceOfItems we can read :

/** class representing a DICOM Sequence of Items (SQ).
 *  This class is derived from class DcmElement (and not from DcmObject) despite the fact
 *  that sequences have no value field as such, they maintain a list of items. However,
 *  all APIs in class DcmItem and class DcmDataset accept DcmElements.
 *  This is ugly and causes some DcmElement API methods to be useless with DcmSequence.
 */
class DCMTK_DCMDATA_EXPORT DcmSequenceOfItems : public DcmElement

which is containing a virtual function named card:

/** get cardinality of this sequence
 *  @return number of items in this sequence
 */
virtual unsigned long card() const;

Now what if the return object from stack.top() at LINE254 is not at all corresponding to a DcmSequenceOfItems * but instead for example an DcmByteString object., then the this pointer will correspond to another object. The issue is happening because the call to search function at LIN252 is not checking the type of object to be returned making the cast invalid and lead to arbitrary code execution.

Crash Information

received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos (this=0x72, stringVal=..., pos=<optimized out>) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmdata/libsrc/dcbytstr.cc:477
#0  DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos (this=0x72, stringVal=..., pos=<optimized out>) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmdata/libsrc/dcbytstr.cc:477
#1  0x000055555589bed4 in DVPSSoftcopyVOI_PList::createFromImage (this=<optimized out>, dset=..., allReferences=..., sopclassUID=<optimized out>, instanceUID=<optimized out>, voiActivation=<optimized out>) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmpstat/libsrc/dvpssvl.cc:255
#2  0x000055555573b414 in DcmPresentationState::createFromImage (this=this@entry=0x555556b13350, dset=..., overlayActivation=overlayActivation@entry=DVPSO_copyOverlays, voiActivation=voiActivation@entry=DVPSV_preferVOILUT, curveActivation=curveActivation@entry=true, shutterActivation=<optimized out>, presentationActivation=<optimized out>, layering=<optimized out>, aetitle=<optimized out>, filesetID=<optimized out>, filesetUID=<optimized out>) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmpstat/libsrc/dcmpstat.cc:1093
#3  0x00005555558aa42a in DVPresentationState::createFromImage (this=this@entry=0x555556b13350, dset=..., overlayActivation=overlayActivation@entry=DVPSO_copyOverlays, voiActivation=voiActivation@entry=DVPSV_preferVOILUT, curveActivation=curveActivation@entry=true, shutterActivation=true, presentationActivation=true, layering=DVPSG_twoLayers, aetitle=0x0, filesetID=0x0, filesetUID=0x0) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmpstat/libsrc/dvpstat.cc:2156
#4  0x000055555574d1e9 in DVInterface::loadImage (this=this@entry=0x7fffffffbd10, imgName=<optimized out>) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmpstat/libsrc/dviface.cc:311
#5  0x00005555556d32b5 in main (argc=<optimized out>, argv=<optimized out>) at /home/manu/dcmtk/dcmpstat/apps/dcmp2pgm.cc:513
rax	0x555556b157a0	93825015044000
rbx	0xffffffffffffffe0	-32
rcx	0x1	1
rdx	0x7fffffffa790	140737488332688
rsi	0x72	114
rdi	0x7fffffffa7b0	140737488332720
rbp	0x5555567b2040 <__afl_area_initial>
rsp	0x7fffffffa750	140737488332624
r8	0x3a	58
r9	0x5b	91
r10	0xba	186
r11	0x5555567b9b21	93825011522337
r12	0x72	114
r13	0x7fffffffa790	140737488332688
r14	0x555556b24dc0	93825015107008
r15	0x5555567b2040	93825011490880
rip	0x555556300d7e <DcmByteString::putOFStringAtPos(OFString const&, unsigned long)+158>
=> 0x555556300d7e <_ZN13DcmByteString16putOFStringAtPosERK8OFStringm+158>:	mov    r8,QWORD PTR [r12]
   0x555556300d82 <_ZN13DcmByteString16putOFStringAtPosERK8OFStringm+162>:	call   QWORD PTR [r8+0x190]
VENDOR RESPONSE

The vendor has provided an update in their Git repository.

TIMELINE

2024-03-14 - Initial Vendor Contact
2024-04-08 - Vendor Disclosure
2024-04-22 - Vendor Patch Release
2024-04-23 - Public Release

Credit

Discovered by Emmanuel Tacheau of Cisco Talos.


Vulnerability Reports Next Report

TALOS-2024-1958

Previous Report

TALOS-2024-1945

CVSS3

7.5

Attack Vector

NETWORK

Attack Complexity

LOW

Privileges Required

NONE

User Interaction

NONE

Scope

UNCHANGED

Confidentiality Impact

NONE

Integrity Impact

NONE

Availability Impact

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

AI Score

7.5

Confidence

High

EPSS

0.001

Percentile

17.0%