CVE-2022-39242

Frontier is an Ethereum compatibility layer for Substrate. Prior to commit d3beddc6911a559a3ecc9b3f08e153dbe37a8658, the worst case weight was always accounted as the block weight for all cases. In case of large EVM gas refunds, this can lead to block spamming attacks -- the adversary can construct...

CVE-2023-28431

Frontier is an Ethereum compatibility layer for Substrate. Frontier's modexp precompile uses num-bigint crate under the hood. In the implementation prior to pull request 1017, the cases for modulus being even and modulus being odd are treated separately. Odd modulus uses the fast Montgomery multipl...

CVE-2021-39193

Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit number 0b962f218f0cdd796dadfe26c3f09e68f7861b26, a bug in pallet-ethereum can cause invalid transactions to be included in the Ethereum block state in pallet-ethereum due to not validating the input data size. Any invalid transac...