Upgradeability completely breaks decentralization

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact Owner of SafEth can steal all staked funds. Proof of Concept SafEth is an upgradeable ERC20 contract that handles the conversion between ETH and whatever derivatives that are implemented. But it also has access to the staked funds through the derivatives...

No Storage Gap for Upgradeable Contract Might Lead to Storage Slot Collision

Lines of code Vulnerability details Impact For upgradeable contracts, there must be storage gap to "allow developers to freely add new state variables in the future without compromising the storage compatibility with existing deployments" quote OpenZeppelin. Otherwise it may be very difficult to...

Constructor cannot be used in upgradeable contracts

Lines of code Vulnerability details Details As per OpenZeppelin’s documentation, “Due to a requirement of the proxy-based upgradeability system, no constructors can be used in upgradeable contracts.” reason being “the code within a logic contract’s constructor will never be executed in the contex...

Usage of an incorrect version of Ownbale library can potentially malfunction all onlyOwner functions

Handle WatchPug Vulnerability details // this is used to have the contract upgradeable function initializeuint128 minStakedRequired public initializer Based on the context and comments in the code, the DelegatedStaking.sol contract is designed to be deployed as an upgradeable proxy contract...