Tracing the Chain: Deep Learning for Stepping-Stone Intrusion Detection

Stepping-stone intrusions SSIs are a prevalent network evasion technique in which attackers route sessions through chains of compromised intermediate hosts to obscure their origin. Effective SSI detection requires correlating the incoming and outgoing flows at each relay host at extremely low fal...

CVE-2025-21768

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ipv6: fix dst ref loops in rpl, seg6 and ioam6 lwtunnels Some lwtunnels have a dst cache for post-transformation dst. If the packet destination did not change we may end up recording a reference to the lwtunnel in its own...

Unsecured Tunneling Protocols Expose 4.2 Million Hosts, Including VPNs and Routers

New research has uncovered security vulnerabilities in multiple tunneling protocols that could allow attackers to perform a wide range of attacks. "Internet hosts that accept tunneling packets without verifying the sender's identity can be hijacked to perform anonymous attacks and provide access ...

Insecure Implementation of Tunneling Protocols (GRE/IPIP/4in6/6in4)

Overview Tunnelling protocols are an essential part of the Internet and form much of the backbone that modern network infrastructure relies on today. One limitation of these protocols is that they do not authenticate and/or encrypt traffic. Though this limitation exists, IPsec can be implemented ...

CVE-2025-23018

IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv6 tunneling RFC 2473 do not require the validation or verification of the source of a network packet, allowing an attacker to spoof and route arbitrary traffic via an exposed network interface. This is a similar issue to CVE-2020-10136...

curl: Use-after-free triggered by an HTTP proxy deny response

A vulnerability was found in curl. In this issue, curl can be asked to tunnel all protocols virtually it supports through an HTTP proxy. HTTP proxies can deny these tunnel operations using an appropriate HTTP error response code. When getting denied to tunnel the specific SMB or TELNET protocols,...

curl: Use-after-free triggered by an HTTP proxy deny response

A vulnerability was found in curl. In this issue, curl can be asked to tunnel all protocols virtually it supports through an HTTP proxy. HTTP proxies can deny these tunnel operations using an appropriate HTTP error response code. When getting denied to tunnel the specific SMB or TELNET protocols,...

DEBIAN-CVE-2022-43552

A use after free vulnerability exists in curl 7.87.0. Curl can be asked to tunnel virtually all protocols it supports through an HTTP proxy. HTTP proxies can and often do deny such tunnel operations. When getting denied to tunnel the specific protocols SMB or TELNET, curl would use a heap-allocat...

AZL-13289 CVE-2022-43552 affecting package rust for versions less than 1.72.0-2

A use after free vulnerability exists in curl 7.87.0. Curl can be asked to tunnel virtually all protocols it supports through an HTTP proxy. HTTP proxies can and often do deny such tunnel operations. When getting denied to tunnel the specific protocols SMB or TELNET, curl would use a heap-allocat...

OESA-2023-1006 curl security update

cURL is a computer software project providing a library libcurl and command-line tool curl for transferring data using various protocols. Security Fixes: A vulnerability was found in curl. In this issue, curl can be asked to tunnel all protocols virtually it supports through an HTTP proxy. HTTP...

UBUNTU-CVE-2022-43552

A use after free vulnerability exists in curl 7.87.0. Curl can be asked to tunnel virtually all protocols it supports through an HTTP proxy. HTTP proxies can and often do deny such tunnel operations. When getting denied to tunnel the specific protocols SMB or TELNET, curl would use a heap-allocat...

VPN protocols explained and compared

A Virtual Private Network VPN creates a safe "tunnel" between you and a computer you trust normally your VPN provider to protect your traffic from spying and manipulation. Any VPN worth its money encrypts the information that passes through it, so in this article we will ignore those that dont us...

Many Android VPN Apps Breaking Privacy Promises

An alarming number of Android VPNs are providing a decidedly false sense of security to users, especially those living in areas where communication is censored or technology is crucial to the privacy and physical security. A study published recently identified a number of shortcomings common to...