CVE-2025-48886

Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those...

CVE-2025-48886 hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions

Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those...

CVE-2025-48886 hydra-node dangerously assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions

Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those...

PT-2025-26219 · Hydra · Hydra

Name of the Vulnerable Software and Affected Versions: Hydra versions prior to 0.22.0 Description: Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. The issue arises from the assumption of L1 event finality, where the system does not consider failed transactions on the Cardano L1. This makes...

CVE-2022-49939

In CVE-2022-49939, the vulnerability is in the Linux kernel binder code where a race between closing a node reference and binder_deferred_release can cause a use-after-free: a weak_handle transaction may fail to increment a node’s reference, and if the target process is dying, the cleanup is dela...

First-Spammed, First-Served: MEV Extraction on Fast-Finality Blockchains

This research analyzes the economics of spam-based arbitrage strategies on fast-finality blockchains. We begin by theoretically demonstrating that, splitting a profitable MEV opportunity into multiple small transactions is the optimal strategy for CEX-DEX arbitrageurs. We then empirically validat...

Insecurity through Obscurity: Veiled Vulnerabilities in Closed-Source Contracts

Most blockchains cannot hide the binary code of programs i.e., smart contracts running on them. To conceal proprietary business logic and to potentially deter attacks, many smart contracts are closed-source and employ layers of obfuscation. However, we demonstrate that such obfuscation can obscur...

A Private Smart Wallet with Probabilistic Compliance

We propose a privacy-preserving smart wallet with a novel invitation-based private onboarding mechanism. The solution integrates two levels of compliance in concert with an authority party: a proof of innocence mechanism and an ancestral commitment tracking system using bloom filters for...

Chinese Phishing Service Haozi Resurfaces, Fueling Criminal Profits

A Chinese-language PhaaS platform Haozi is making cybercrime easy with no tech skills needed. Discover how this plug-and-play service facilitated over $280,000 in illicit transactions...

Smart Contracts for SMEs and Large Companies

Research on blockchains addresses multiple issues, with one being writing smart contracts. In our previous research we described methodology and a tool to generate, in automated fashion, smart contracts from BPMN models. The generated smart contracts provide support for multi-step transactions th...

CVE-2024-45284

An authenticated attacker with high privilege can use functions of SLCM transactions to which access should be restricted. This may result in an escalation of privileges causing low impact on integrity of the application...

CVE-2022-23328

A design flaw in all versions of Go-Ethereum allows an attacker node to send 5120 pending transactions of a high gas price from one account that all fully spend the full balance of the account to a victim Geth node, which can purge all of pending transactions in a victim node's memory pool and th...

CVE-2022-32267

DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the SmmResourceCheckDxe software SMI handler cause SMRAM corruption a TOCTOU attack DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the SmmResourceCheckDxe driver could cause SMRAM...

CVE-2022-33907

DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the IdeBusDxe driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack... DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the IdeBusDxe driver could cau...

CVE-2022-33983

DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the NvmExpressLegacy software SMI handler could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the NvmExpressLegacy driver could cause SMRA...

CVE-2022-45196

Hyperledger Fabric 2.3 allows attackers to cause a denial of service orderer crash by repeatedly sending a crafted channel tx with the same Channel name. NOTE: the official Fabric with Raft prevents exploitation via a locking mechanism and a check for names that already exist...

CVE-2022-23327

A design flaw in Go-Ethereum 1.10.12 and older versions allows an attacker node to send 5120 future transactions with a high gas price in one message, which can purge all of pending transactions in a victim node's memory pool, causing a denial of service DoS...

CVE-2022-40119

Online Banking System v1.0 was discovered to contain a SQL injection vulnerability via the searchterm parameter at /net-banking/transactions.php...

CVE-2022-40120

Online Banking System v1.0 was discovered to contain a SQL injection vulnerability via the searchterm parameter at /net-banking/customertransactions.php...

CVE-2022-34325

DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the StorageSecurityCommandDxe software SMI handler could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the StorageSecurityCommandDxe drive...